Algal-bacterial sludge enhanced granulation culture device and method

Abstract

This invention discloses a cultivation device and method for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge, belonging to the field of wastewater treatment. The reactor is divided into three interconnected zones from bottom to top: a jet inlet zone, a circulating reaction zone, and a sludge-water separation zone. The jet inlet zone includes a jet pipe, a sludge collection tank, and a sludge discharge port. The sludge-water separation zone includes a three-phase separator, an overflow weir, an outlet pipe, an exhaust pipe, and a water quality monitoring device. The circulating reaction zone has two layers of guide tubes with a sawtooth corrugated structure. From the inside out, the circulating reaction zone is divided into a rising circulating zone, an inner descending circulating zone, and an outer descending circulating zone with different cross-sectional areas. Light sources promoting algae growth are placed in the inner and outer descending circulating zones, with the light intensity in the outer descending circulating zone being greater than that in the inner descending circulating zone. This device can enhance the granulation process of sludge with different particle sizes, achieving rapid and efficient granulation cultivation of algae and bacteria sludge.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of wastewater treatment, specifically relating to a cultivation device and method for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge. Background Technology

[0002] With global population growth and increased industrial activity, traditional wastewater treatment methods face challenges of high energy consumption and significant carbon emissions. The green sustainability of traditional wastewater treatment methods is being questioned. In the field of wastewater treatment, algae-bacterial symbiosis technology is primarily based on the interaction between algae and bacteria. Algae release oxygen through photosynthesis to power bacterial respiration, while bacteria decompose organic matter to provide nutrients such as carbon dioxide for the algae. This synergistic effect not only reduces oxygen supply and energy consumption in wastewater treatment but also reduces carbon dioxide emissions during the process, demonstrating significant green and low-carbon performance.

[0003] Algal-bacterial granular sludge is an important form of microalgae-bacteria symbiotic system, effectively solving the problem of sludge-water separation in traditional microalgae-bacteria symbiotic systems, and possessing advantages such as low energy consumption, low greenhouse gas emissions, and high resource recovery potential. The efficient uptake of organic matter and nutrients by microalgae, the powerful degradation of pollutants by bacteria, and high settling performance are combined in granular sludge. Although algal-bacterial sludge technology has theoretical advantages, its application still faces the challenge of rapid and stable granulation. Therefore, there is an urgent need to design a device and method for the rapid and efficient granulation cultivation of algal-bacterial sludge. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to solve the problems of slow granulation speed and poor cultivation effect in the existing technology of algae and bacteria granular sludge cultivation, and to provide a cultivation device and method for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge.

[0005] The specific technical solution adopted in this invention is as follows:

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algal and bacterial sludge, comprising a reactor, a jet aeration device, and a reflux system; the reactor is divided from bottom to top into an interconnected jet inlet zone, a circulating reaction zone, and a sludge-water separation zone; the jet aeration device comprises a jet pump, an inlet pipe, and a jet pipe; the reflux system comprises a reflux pipe, a reflux valve, and a reflux pump;

[0007] The jet pipe is located at the bottom of the jet inlet area of ​​the reactor and is set vertically upward. The inlet of the jet pipe is connected to the inlet tank through the inlet pipe, and the inlet pipe is equipped with a jet pump for controlling the water intake. The inlet pipe is also equipped with an air inlet pipe and an air valve. A funnel-shaped sludge collection trough is formed at the bottom of the reactor, and a sludge discharge pipe is provided on the sludge collection trough.

[0008] The reactor has an inner and outer flow guide tube arranged from the inside out within its circulating reaction zone. The height of the inner flow guide tube is equal to the height of the circulating reaction zone, while the height of the outer flow guide tube is lower than that of the inner flow guide tube. Both the inner and outer flow guide tubes have uniformly distributed sawtooth corrugated structures. The space inside the inner flow guide tube is a rising circulation zone, an inner descending circulation zone is formed between the inner and outer flow guide tubes, and an outer descending circulation zone is formed between the outer flow guide tube and the reactor wall. Light sources for promoting algae growth are provided in both the inner and outer descending circulation zones, with the light intensity in the outer descending circulation zone being greater than that in the inner descending circulation zone. Several sampling ports are spaced axially along the reactor wall, and these sampling ports are connected to the outer descending circulation zone.

[0009] The bottom of the mud-water separation zone of the reactor forms a sedimentation slope for mud-water separation; the mud-water separation zone is equipped with a three-phase separator, an overflow weir, and a water quality monitoring device; an outlet pipe is provided on the side wall at the top of the mud-water separation zone; the top of the three-phase separator is connected to the outside atmosphere through an exhaust pipe; the overflow weir is located above the three-phase separator, and the liquid after mud-water separation flows through the overflow weir to the outlet pipe; the water quality monitoring device is located at the top of the mud-water separation zone, and monitors water quality changes through a probe;

[0010] One end of the return pipe is connected to the middle of the mud-water separation zone, and the other end is connected to the jet water inlet zone; the return pipe is equipped with a return valve and a return pump for adjusting the return ratio.

[0011] Preferably, the height-to-diameter ratio of the circulating reaction zone is 1:(4-8).

[0012] Preferably, the angle between the sedimentation slope at the bottom of the mud-water separation zone and the horizontal plane is 55° to 60°.

[0013] Preferably, the serrated corrugations uniformly distributed on the inner and outer guide tubes have a serration width-to-depth ratio of 1:(0.5-1).

[0014] Preferably, the diameter of the inner guide tube is denoted as d1, the diameter of the outer guide tube is denoted as d2, and the inner diameter of the reactor wall is denoted as d3. 2 <(d3 2 -d2 2 )<(d2 2 -d1 2 That is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the descending region of the inner circulation is the largest, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the ascending region of the circulation is the smallest.

[0015] Preferably, the light source is an LED tube, evenly arranged along the circumference of the reactor in the inner and outer circulation descending zones; the ratio of the number of light sources in the inner and outer circulation descending zones is 1:(1.5-3); the light source intensity in the inner circulation descending zone is 120-200 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The light source intensity in the outer circulation descending region is 160–240 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 .

[0016] Preferably, the overflow weir is a triangular overflow weir, and the height of the serrated part of the triangular overflow weir does not exceed 100mm.

[0017] Preferably, the angle between the sidewall of the sludge collection trough and the horizontal plane is 50° to 65°; the bottom diameter of the sludge collection trough is 1 / 4 to 1 / 3 of the reactor diameter.

[0018] Secondly, the present invention provides a method for enhancing the granulation of algal and bacterial sludge using the cultivation device described in the first aspect, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0019] Aerobic granular sludge is inoculated into the reactor; the jet pump is started, and the jet pipe transports the simulated wastewater in the inlet tank to the jet inlet zone of the reactor; the air valve is opened, and the air inlet pipe transports oxygen to the jet inlet zone of the reactor, achieving efficient aeration through strong mixing effect;

[0020] The simulated wastewater and oxygen are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture, which enters the circulating reaction zone of the reactor. It flows upward through the circulating rising zone to the three-phase separator inside the sludge-water separation zone. Under the separation action of the three-phase separator, the gas in the gas-liquid mixture is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the exhaust pipe, while the sludge flows downward back to the sedimentation slope. Under the sludge-water separation action of the sedimentation slope, the liquid after sedimentation and clarification is discharged from the reactor through the overflow weir and the effluent pipe.

[0021] After separation, the sludge flows downward back to the circulating reaction zone. Due to the difference in surface velocity caused by the different cross-sectional areas of the inner and outer circulating descending zones, larger particles in the sludge enter the inner circulating descending zone, while smaller particles enter the outer circulating descending zone, achieving particle size sorting based on settling performance. The evenly distributed sawtooth corrugated structure on the inner and outer guide tubes applies mechanical shear force to the sludge, accelerating sludge granulation.

[0022] The light intensity in the outer circulation descending zone is greater than that in the inner circulation descending zone, which makes the proportion of algae in the smaller particles in the outer circulation descending zone and the proportion of algae in the larger particles in the inner circulation descending zone tend to be consistent, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the algae-bacteria ratio in algae-bacteria granular sludge.

[0023] Part of the wastewater that has been separated and clarified by the three-phase separator is returned to the jet inlet area of ​​the reactor through the return pipe; the remaining sludge settles into the sludge collection tank at the bottom and is discharged from the reactor through the sludge discharge pipe; the granulated algae and bacteria sludge is taken out through the sampling port.

[0024] Preferably, the oxygen supply is optimized by adjusting the opening of the air valve on the air inlet pipe; the reflux ratio of the simulated wastewater is controlled at 1:(2~5) by adjusting the opening of the reflux valve on the reflux pipe and the speed of the reflux pump; the light source provides conditions for algae growth according to a light-to-dark ratio of 12h:12h.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] (1) The present invention uses jet water inlet to provide circulation power for mud-water mixture, which can realize efficient internal circulation of mud-water; (2) The inner and outer two-layer guide tube design forms three relatively independent reaction zones from the inside to the outside in the circulation reaction zone. The sawtooth corrugated design on the surface of the guide tube enhances the shearing effect on sludge and can promote the granulation of algae and bacteria sludge; (3) Through the difference design of the height of the inner and outer guide tubes and the cross-sectional area of ​​the settling area, the sorting of particles of different sizes can be realized; (4) Through the difference design of the lamp source position in the circulation reaction zone and the light intensity of the inner and outer guide tubes, the heterogeneous enhancement of the sorted sludge particles can be realized.

[0027] This invention enables rapid and efficient granulation cultivation of algal and bacterial sludge, improving the retention and decontamination performance of algal and bacterial sludge. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the culture device for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge provided in this embodiment.

[0029] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Cross-sectional view at point AA;

[0030] Figure 3 This embodiment presents a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the circulating reaction zone.

[0031] In the diagram: Jet inlet zone I, circulating reaction zone II, mud-water separation zone III; inlet tank 1, jet pump 2, inlet pipe 3, air inlet pipe 4, air valve 5, jet pipe 6, circulating rising zone 7, inner circulating descending zone 8, outer circulating descending zone 9, inner guide tube 10, outer guide tube 11, light source 12, reactor wall 13, sedimentation slope 14, three-phase separator 15, overflow weir 16, water quality monitoring device 17, exhaust pipe 18, outlet pipe 19, return pipe 20, return valve 21, return pump 22, mud collection tank 23, mud discharge pipe 24, sampling port 25. Detailed Implementation

[0032] The present invention will be further described and illustrated below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The technical features of each embodiment of the present invention can be combined accordingly, provided that there is no mutual conflict.

[0033] Granular algae-bacteria sludge is an important form of microalgae-bacteria symbiotic system, effectively solving the problem of sludge-water separation in traditional microalgae-bacteria symbiotic systems. It also boasts advantages such as low energy consumption, low greenhouse gas emissions, and high resource recovery potential. Granular algae-bacteria sludge technology utilizes photosynthesis to increase oxygen supply, significantly reducing energy consumption and promoting carbon fixation and nutrient removal through photosynthesis, thus demonstrating its unique advantages in both environmental friendliness and economic benefits. Due to its unique biological community structure, granular algae-bacteria sludge can operate stably under a wider range of environmental conditions; however, the challenge of rapid and stable granulation remains in its application.

[0034] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides a cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algal and bacterial sludge. As a preferred embodiment of this invention, the cultivation device provided in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 As shown. The cultivation device includes a reactor, a jet aeration device, and a reflux system.

[0035] The reactor is divided into three interconnected zones from bottom to top: a jet inlet zone I, a circulating reaction zone II, and a mud-water separation zone III. The jet aeration device includes a jet pump 2, an inlet pipe 3, and a jet pipe 6. The reflux system includes a reflux pipe 20, a reflux valve 21, and a reflux pump 22.

[0036] The jet pipe 6 is located at the bottom of the jet inlet zone I of the reactor, and the jet pipe 6 is set vertically upward. The inlet of the jet pipe 6 is connected to the inlet tank 1 through the inlet pipe 3, and the inlet pipe 3 is equipped with a jet pump 2 for controlling the water inlet. The inlet pipe 3 is also equipped with an air inlet pipe 4, and the air inlet pipe 4 is equipped with an air valve 5. The bottom of the reactor forms a funnel-shaped sludge collection trough 23, and the sludge collection trough 23 is equipped with a sludge discharge pipe 24.

[0037] In the device provided by the present invention, an inner guide tube 10 and an outer guide tube 11 are arranged from the inside to the outside in the circulating reaction zone II of the reactor, and the height of the inner guide tube 10 is equal to the height of the circulating reaction zone II, while the height of the outer guide tube 11 is lower than the height of the inner guide tube 10.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, in the device provided by the present invention, the inner space of the inner guide tube 10 is a circulating rising zone 7, an inner circulating falling zone 8 is formed between the inner guide tube 10 and the outer guide tube 11, and an outer circulating falling zone 9 is formed between the outer guide tube 11 and the reactor wall 13. The diameter of the inner guide tube 10 is denoted as d1, the diameter of the outer guide tube 11 as d2, and the inner diameter of the reactor wall 13 as d3. In this embodiment, d1...2 <(d3 2 -d2 2 )<(d2 2 -d1 2 That is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the descending region 8 of the inner circulation is the largest, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the ascending region 7 of the circulation is the smallest.

[0039] like Figure 3 As shown, in the device provided by the present invention, the inner guide tube 10 and the outer guide tube 11 are uniformly distributed with sawtooth corrugated structures. The sawtooth corrugated structures can apply mechanical shear force to accelerate sludge granulation. The sawtooth width-to-depth ratio of the sawtooth corrugations can be set to 1:(0.5~1).

[0040] In the device provided by the present invention, the inner circulation descending zone 8 and the outer circulation descending zone 9 are provided with light sources 12 for promoting algae growth, and the light source intensity in the outer circulation descending zone 9 is greater than that in the inner circulation descending zone 8.

[0041] In this embodiment, the light source 12 is an LED tube. The LED tubes are arranged longitudinally along the circulating reaction zone II. Figure 2 As shown, several LED tubes are uniformly arranged along the circumference of the reactor in the inner circulation descending zone 8 and the outer circulation descending zone 9. In this embodiment, the ratio of the number of light sources 12 in the inner circulation descending zone 8 to the outer circulation descending zone 9 is 1:2, that is, 4 LED tubes are arranged in the inner circulation descending zone 8 and 8 LED tubes are arranged in the outer circulation descending zone 9. The intensity of the light source 12 in the inner circulation descending zone 8 can be set to 120-200 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 The intensity of light source 12 in the outer circulation descending region 9 can be set to 160–240 μmol·m⁻¹. -2 ·s -1 .

[0042] In the apparatus provided by this invention, a plurality of sampling ports 25 are arranged axially at intervals on the reactor wall 13, and the sampling ports 25 are connected to the outer circulating descending zone 9. A sedimentation slope 14 for mud-water separation is formed at the bottom of the mud-water separation zone III of the reactor.

[0043] The mud-water separation zone III is equipped with a three-phase separator 15, an overflow weir 16, and a water quality monitoring device 17. An outlet pipe 19 is installed on the side wall at the top of the mud-water separation zone III. The top of the three-phase separator 15 is connected to the outside atmosphere through an exhaust pipe 18. The overflow weir 16 is located above the three-phase separator 15, through which the liquid after mud-water separation flows to the outlet pipe 19. The water quality monitoring device 17 is located at the top of the mud-water separation zone III and monitors water quality changes through probes. The water quality monitoring device 17 includes a pH detection probe and a dissolved oxygen detection probe.

[0044] In the device provided by the present invention, one end of the return pipe 20 is connected to the middle of the mud-water separation zone III, and the other end is connected to the jet water inlet zone I; the return pipe 20 is provided with a return valve 21 and a return pump 22 for adjusting the return ratio.

[0045] The structural parameters of the culture device provided by this invention can be set as follows:

[0046] The height-to-diameter ratio of the circulating reaction zone II is 1:(4-8). The sedimentation slope 14 at the bottom of the sludge-water separation zone III is funnel-shaped with an angle of 55°–60° between it and the horizontal plane. The overflow weir 16 is a triangular overflow weir, allowing adjustment of the overflow velocity according to the water volume; the serrated portion of the triangular overflow weir has a height not exceeding 100mm. The angle between the sidewall of the sludge collection tank 23 and the horizontal plane is 50°–65°; the bottom diameter of the sludge collection tank 23 is 1 / 4–1 / 3 of the reactor diameter.

[0047] The following is a method for enhancing the granulation of algal and bacterial sludge using the above-mentioned culture device. The specific steps are as follows:

[0048] S1: Aerobic granular sludge is inoculated into the reactor, and light source 12 provides conditions for algae growth according to a light-to-dark ratio of 12h:12h. At the same time, simulated wastewater is prepared and placed in inlet tank 1 for later use.

[0049] S2: Start the jet pump 1, and the jet pipe 6 will transport the simulated wastewater in the inlet tank 1 to the jet inlet zone I of the reactor; open the air valve 5, and the air inlet pipe 4 will transport oxygen to the jet inlet zone I of the reactor, and achieve efficient aeration through strong mixing effect; optimize the oxygen supply by adjusting the opening of the air valve 5 on the air inlet pipe 4.

[0050] S3: The simulated wastewater and oxygen are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture, which enters the circulating reaction zone II of the reactor. It flows upward through the circulating rising zone 7 to the three-phase separator 15 inside the sludge-water separation zone III. Under the separation action of the three-phase separator 15, the gas in the gas-liquid mixture is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the exhaust pipe 18, and the sludge flows downward back to the sedimentation slope 14. Under the sludge-water separation action of the sedimentation slope 14, the liquid after sedimentation and clarification is discharged from the reactor through the overflow weir 16 and the effluent pipe 19.

[0051] After separation, the sludge flows downward back to the circulating reaction zone II. Due to the difference in surface velocity caused by the different cross-sectional areas of the inner circulating descending zone 8 and the outer circulating descending zone 9, larger particles in the sludge enter the inner circulating descending zone 8, and smaller particles enter the outer circulating descending zone 9, achieving particle size sorting based on settling performance. The evenly distributed sawtooth corrugated structure on the inner guide tube 10 and the outer guide tube 11 applies mechanical shear force to the sludge, accelerating sludge granulation.

[0052] The light intensity in the outer circulation descending zone 9 is greater than that in the inner circulation descending zone 8, so that the proportion of algae in the smaller particles in the outer circulation descending zone 9 is the same as that in the larger particles in the inner circulation descending zone 8, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the algae-bacteria ratio in algae-bacteria granular sludge.

[0053] S4: Part of the simulated wastewater is returned to the jet inlet zone I of the reactor through the return pipe 20. By adjusting the opening of the return valve 21 on the return pipe 20 and the speed of the return pump 22, the return ratio of the simulated wastewater is controlled at 1:2 to 5. The remaining sludge settles into the sludge collection tank 23 at the bottom and is discharged from the reactor through the sludge discharge pipe 24. After enrichment and acclimatization, it is cultivated into algal and bacterial sludge with Chlorella, filamentous cyanobacteria and organic matter degrading bacteria as the dominant bacterial groups. The granulated algal and bacterial sludge is taken out through the sampling port 25, not exceeding 1 / 3 of the total sludge in the reactor.

[0054] Generally, smaller sludge particles contain fewer algae and more bacteria, while larger sludge particles contain more algae and fewer bacteria. Therefore, it is necessary to arrange more light sources and set stronger light intensity in the outer circulating descending zone 9 to promote the growth of algae in the smaller sludge particles, and arrange fewer light sources and set weaker light intensity in the inner circulating descending zone 8 to inhibit the growth of algae in the larger sludge particles, thereby regulating the algae-bacteria ratio and optimizing the overall reactor algae-bacteria ratio. The terms "smaller sludge particles" and "larger sludge particles" mentioned here are relative and do not impose any restrictions on the specific size of the sludge particles.

[0055] After using the culture device provided in this embodiment for enhanced granulation culture of algae and bacteria sludge, the obtained algae and bacteria sludge particles are usually dark green or yellowish-green in color, uniform in size, about 1-2 mm in diameter, spherical or near-spherical in shape, with a smooth and compact surface, without obvious cracks or damage; they have good settling properties, and in the settling test, the mud-water separation effect is obvious, and the supernatant is clear; the algae and bacteria have a stable symbiotic relationship, with high metabolic activity, and can rapidly degrade pollutants.

[0056] The embodiments described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, all technical solutions obtained through equivalent substitution or transformation fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge, characterized in that, It includes a reactor, a jet aeration device, and a reflux system; the reactor is divided into an interconnected jet inlet zone (I), a circulating reaction zone (II), and a mud-water separation zone (III) from bottom to top; the jet aeration device includes a jet pump (2), an inlet pipe (3), and a jet pipe (6); the reflux system includes a reflux pipe (20), a reflux valve (21), and a reflux pump (22); The jet pipe (6) is set at the bottom of the jet inlet zone (I) of the reactor, and the jet pipe (6) is set vertically upward; the inlet of the jet pipe (6) is connected to the inlet tank (1) through the inlet pipe (3), and the inlet pipe (3) is equipped with a jet pump (2) for controlling the water intake; the inlet pipe (3) is also equipped with an air inlet pipe (4), and the air inlet pipe (4) is equipped with an air valve (5); a funnel-shaped mud collection trough (23) is formed at the bottom of the reactor, and a mud discharge pipe (24) is provided on the mud collection trough (23); Within the circulating reaction zone (II) of the reactor, an inner guide tube (10) and an outer guide tube (11) are arranged from the inside out. The height of the inner guide tube (10) is equal to the height of the circulating reaction zone (II), and the height of the outer guide tube (11) is lower than the height of the inner guide tube (10). A sawtooth corrugated structure is evenly distributed on both the inner and outer guide tubes (10 and 11). The inner space of the inner guide tube (10) is the circulating rising zone (7), and the space between the inner guide tube (10) and the outer guide tube (11) is... An inner circulation descending zone (8) is formed, and an outer circulation descending zone (9) is formed between the outer guide tube (11) and the reactor wall (13) of the reactor. Light sources (12) for promoting algae growth are provided in the inner circulation descending zone (8) and the outer circulation descending zone (9), and the light source intensity in the outer circulation descending zone (9) is greater than that in the inner circulation descending zone (8). Several sampling ports (25) are arranged axially at intervals on the reactor wall (13) of the reactor, and the sampling ports (25) are connected to the outer circulation descending zone (9). The bottom of the mud-water separation zone (III) of the reactor forms a sedimentation slope (14) for mud-water separation; the mud-water separation zone (III) is equipped with a three-phase separator (15), an overflow weir (16), and a water quality monitoring device (17); an outlet pipe (19) is provided on the side wall at the top of the mud-water separation zone (III); the top of the three-phase separator (15) is connected to the outside atmosphere through an exhaust pipe (18); the overflow weir (16) is located above the three-phase separator (15), and the liquid after mud-water separation flows through the overflow weir (16) to the outlet pipe (19); the water quality monitoring device (17) is located at the top of the mud-water separation zone (III) and monitors water quality changes through a probe; One end of the return pipe (20) is connected to the middle of the mud-water separation zone (Ⅲ), and the other end is connected to the jet water inlet zone (I); the return pipe (20) is equipped with a return valve (21) and a return pump (22) for adjusting the return ratio. The inner guide tube (10) has a diameter denoted as d1, the outer guide tube (11) has a diameter denoted as d2, and the reactor wall (13) has an inner diameter denoted as d3. 2 <(d3 2 -d2 2 )<(d2 2 -d1 2 That is, the cross-sectional area of ​​the inner circulation descending region (8) is the largest, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the circulation ascending region (7) is the smallest.

2. The cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the sedimentation slope (14) at the bottom of the mud-water separation zone (Ⅲ) and the horizontal plane is 55°~60°.

3. The cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The serrated corrugations evenly distributed on the inner guide tube (10) and the outer guide tube (11) have a serration width-to-depth ratio of 1:(0.5~1).

4. The cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algal and bacterial sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The light source (12) is an LED tube, which is evenly arranged along the circumference of the reactor in the inner circulation descending zone (8) and the outer circulation descending zone (9); the ratio of the number of light sources (12) in the inner circulation descending zone (8) and the outer circulation descending zone (9) is 1:(1.5~3); the intensity of the light source (12) in the inner circulation descending zone (8) is 120~200 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 The intensity of the light source (12) in the outer circulation descending region (9) is 160~240 μmol·m. -2 ·s -1 .

5. The cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algal and bacterial sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The overflow weir (16) is a triangular overflow weir, and the height of the sawtooth part of the triangular overflow weir does not exceed 100 mm.

6. The cultivation device for enhanced granulation of algae and bacteria sludge according to claim 1, characterized in that, The angle between the side wall of the mud collection tank (23) and the horizontal plane is 50°~65°; the bottom diameter of the mud collection tank (23) is 1 / 4~1 / 3 of the reactor diameter.

7. A method for enhancing the granulation of algal and bacterial sludge using the culture device described in any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The specific steps are as follows: Aerobic granular sludge is inoculated into the reactor; the jet pump (2) is started and the jet pipe (6) transports the simulated wastewater in the inlet tank (1) to the jet inlet zone (I) of the reactor; the air valve (5) is opened and the air inlet pipe (4) transports oxygen to the jet inlet zone (I) of the reactor, and efficient aeration is carried out through strong mixing effect; The simulated wastewater and oxygen are mixed to form a gas-liquid mixture, which enters the circulating reaction zone (II) of the reactor. It flows upward through the circulating rising zone (7) to the three-phase separator (15) inside the sludge-water separation zone (III). Under the separation action of the three-phase separator (15), the gas in the gas-liquid mixture is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the exhaust pipe (18), and the sludge flows downward back to the sedimentation slope (14). Under the sludge-water separation action of the sedimentation slope (14), the liquid after sedimentation and clarification is discharged from the reactor through the overflow weir (16) and the outlet pipe (19). After separation, the sludge flows downward back to the circulating reaction zone (II). Due to the difference in surface velocity caused by the different cross-sectional areas of the inner circulating descending zone (8) and the outer circulating descending zone (9), larger particles in the sludge enter the inner circulating descending zone (8), and smaller particles enter the outer circulating descending zone (9), thus achieving particle size sorting based on settling performance. The evenly distributed sawtooth corrugated structure on the inner guide tube (10) and the outer guide tube (11) applies mechanical shear force to the sludge, accelerating sludge granulation. The light intensity in the outer circulation descending zone (9) is greater than that in the inner circulation descending zone (8), which makes the proportion of algae in the smaller particles in the outer circulation descending zone (9) and the proportion of algae in the larger particles in the inner circulation descending zone (8) tend to be consistent, thereby achieving the purpose of regulating the proportion of algae and bacteria in algae and bacteria granular sludge. Part of the wastewater separated and clarified by the three-phase separator is returned to the jet inlet area (I) of the reactor through the return pipe (20); the remaining sludge settles into the sludge collection tank (23) at the bottom and is discharged from the reactor through the sludge discharge pipe (24); the granulated algae sludge is taken out through the sampling port (25).

8. The method for enhancing the granulation of algal and bacterial sludge according to claim 7, characterized in that, The oxygen supply is optimized by adjusting the opening of the air valve (5) on the air inlet pipe (4); the reflux ratio of the simulated wastewater is controlled at 1:(2~5) by adjusting the opening of the reflux valve (21) on the reflux pipe (20) and the rotation speed of the reflux pump (22); the light source (12) provides conditions for algae growth according to the light and dark ratio of 12h:12h.

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