A steel-based glass-ceramic composite bulletproof material and its preparation method

Abstract

This invention discloses a steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material and its preparation method, belonging to the field of functional materials technology. The method involves precisely casting a specific system of molten glass into a pre-designed and manufactured groove structure on a steel substrate using a casting method. Subsequently, a programmed temperature-controlled heat treatment process causes the molten glass in the substrate to undergo nucleation and crystallization, forming a microcrystalline glass layer with excellent physical properties, thus producing the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material. The composite bulletproof material prepared by this invention not only possesses excellent ballistic performance but also achieves lightweighting due to the addition of microcrystalline glass. In use, the bulletproof material is simple and quick to assemble; when not in use, it can be easily disassembled and maintained, and even stored in categories as needed. These characteristics make the composite bulletproof material of this invention have broad application prospects in the field of military protection, providing a more efficient and economical protection solution for modern military equipment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of functional materials technology, specifically relating to a steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] In the research and application of ballistic armor materials, steel has always been the mainstream choice. From traditional ordinary steel armor to high-hardness steel armor, dual-hardness steel composite armor, and advanced titanium alloy armor, its protective performance has been continuously improved. These metal armor materials play a crucial protective role in military equipment such as tanks, armored vehicles, and warships. However, due to their large weight, they may affect the tactical performance of the equipment. In recent years, with the development of materials science, the research and application of ceramic materials in the field of ballistic protection have gradually increased. Ceramic materials, due to their unique physical and chemical properties, exhibit many excellent properties, such as high hardness, high compressive strength, and good wear resistance. Nevertheless, the manufacturing process of ceramic ballistic armor is relatively complex, the molding process is difficult, and the cost is high. These factors limit its widespread application in the field of ballistic protection.

[0003] Patent CN107388899B discloses a method for preparing a lightweight composite bulletproof plate. This plate is formed by stacking multiple bulletproof substrates using hot-pressing technology. The substrates are steel mesh plates, with an aluminum cladding layer and a ceramic layer sequentially covering their outer surface. The aluminum cladding layer is prepared using a hot-dip galvanizing process, while the ceramic layer is formed using a micro-arc oxidation process. Although this material represents some progress in lightweighting, its preparation process is complex, requires high technical standards, and lacks structural robustness, making it susceptible to large-area damage under attack. Patent CN1746609B provides a steel honeycomb ceramic sandwich composite bulletproof armor plate and its preparation method. This armor plate consists of a metal surface, a honeycomb core, ceramic chips, and a metal backing, with each layer bonded together by an organic adhesive layer and a metal brazing layer. However, the bonding strength between the microcrystalline glass chips and the metal is relatively low. Combined with the complexity of the manufacturing process and the high technical requirements, this leads to increased production costs, hindering large-scale production and application.

[0004] In view of the limitations of existing technologies, this invention aims to provide a novel steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material and its preparation method, in order to overcome the problems of weight, cost and preparation process in existing technologies, so as to achieve a more efficient and economical bulletproof armor solution. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this section is to summarize some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Some simplifications or omissions may be made in this section and the abstract and title of this application to avoid obscuring the purpose of this section, the abstract and the title of the invention, and such simplifications or omissions should not be used to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0006] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or prior art, the present invention is proposed.

[0007] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a method for preparing a steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: including,

[0009] Glass components are melted to form a glass melt, which is then cast into a steel substrate using a casting method. After temperature-controlled heat treatment, microcrystalline glass is obtained, and after post-treatment, steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material is obtained.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the glass component includes one of magnesium aluminum silicon, lithium aluminum silicon, and barium aluminum silicon glass components.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass component comprises, by weight percentage, MgO 8-20wt%, Al2O3 15-25wt%, SiO2 50-60wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 <8wt%, and B2O3 <5wt%.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the lithium aluminum silicon glass component comprises, by weight percentage, Li2O 2-3wt%, Al2O3 15-30wt%, SiO2 55-75wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 <2wt%, Na2O+K2O <4wt%.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the barium aluminum silicon glass component comprises, by weight percentage: BaO 16-24wt%, Al2O3 15-22wt%, SiO2 43-54wt%, CaO 0-2wt%, MgO 0-3wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 <4wt%, Na2O+B2O3 <4wt%.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the glass component is a magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass component.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the glass melting temperature is 1300-1600℃ and the melting time is 1-3h.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the steel base used is one of 304 stainless steel, manganese 13 steel and ductile iron.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the steel-based material has an elongation of 3-20%, a tensile strength of 300-800 MPa, and a Young's modulus of 170-205 GPa.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the steel-based material used is a material that can withstand a casting temperature of 1300℃~1600℃.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the steel base used has a groove structure with different shapes. The groove is a regular square frustum or a regular hexagonal frustum. The upper side length of the frustum is 1-5cm, the lower side length is 1-5cm, and the height is 2-5cm. The inclination angle of the side of the frustum-shaped groove is 1°-6°, and there is a through hole at the bottom of the groove.

[0020] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the steel base used is prepared by a graphite mold and can be reused, and molds of different shapes can be prepared according to different usage requirements.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the temperature-controlled heat treatment is a two-step programmed temperature control.

[0022] As a preferred embodiment of the preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of the present invention, the two-step temperature control process is as follows: magnesium aluminum silicon glass is first nucleated at 730-830℃ for 2-4 hours, and then crystallized at 850-950℃ for 1-3 hours; lithium aluminum silicon glass is first nucleated at 500-600℃ for 2-4 hours, and then crystallized at 620-720℃ for 1-3 hours; barium aluminum silicon glass is first nucleated at 780-880℃ for 2-4 hours, and then crystallized at 900-1000℃ for 1-3 hours.

[0023] Beneficial effects of this invention:

[0024] (1) Simplified preparation process: The present invention adopts the process of directly casting glass melt to prefabricated steel substrate, followed by heat treatment to achieve crystallization, which simplifies the preparation process of composite materials, improves the yield, and reduces manufacturing costs.

[0025] (2) Excellent bulletproof effect: The prepared bulletproof material exhibits excellent resistance to high-destructive ammunition such as large bullets, shells and reinforced bullets, providing a higher level of protection.

[0026] (3) Lightweight design: The density of the bulletproof material microcrystalline glass of this invention is 2.3 to 3.0 g / cm³. 3 The steel has a Vickers hardness of 550–900 HV and a density of 7.7–8 g / cm³. 3 With a Vickers hardness of around 200 HV, the density of microcrystalline glass is 1 / 3 that of steel, but its hardness is nearly 4 times that of steel. Therefore, the weight of the bulletproof material of this invention is reduced to half to one-third compared with ordinary steel armor, high-hardness steel armor, and dual-hardness steel composite armor. While maintaining the same bulletproof effect, it can significantly reduce the weight of combat equipment, thereby greatly improving the tactical performance of the equipment.

[0027] (4) Advantages of the composite structure: The composite structure of the present invention is formed in one step using a casting method, utilizing the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the steel-based material and the microcrystalline glass, i.e., the thermal expansion coefficient of the steel-based material is 10*10. -6 / K~20*10 -6 / K, the coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramic is 3*10. -6 / K~8*10 -6 The temperature is approximately 100°C. Therefore, during the cooling process of heat treatment, due to the huge difference in the coefficients of thermal expansion between the two materials, the microcrystalline glass is firmly fixed to the steel substrate and is not easy to fall off. This allows the lightweight, high hardness, and compressive strength of the microcrystalline glass and the toughness of the steel to be fully utilized. The advantages of both materials complement each other, effectively dispersing the kinetic energy of the projectile and enhancing the overall strength of the bulletproof module.

[0028] (5) High efficiency in absorbing projectile energy: When the projectile impacts, the microcrystalline glass plate absorbs energy in a shattering manner, and the tiered structure of the groove helps to disperse the impact force in all directions; in addition, at the moment of impact, due to the high hardness of the microcrystalline glass, the projectile will be squeezed and deformed, minimizing the destructive force of the projectile, effectively resisting the projectile, and protecting the main body of the equipment from damage.

[0029] (6) Customizable production: By changing the size and shape of the mold, composite bulletproof materials of different specifications and shapes can be manufactured according to different usage needs. The mold is reusable, which improves the flexibility and economy of production.

[0030] (7) Convenient assembly and maintenance: The composite bulletproof material of this invention can be produced in small modular units, which is convenient for assembly and the assembly process is simple and quick, facilitating rapid deployment. When not in use, it can be easily disassembled for maintenance and classified storage, solving the problems of difficult assembly and inconvenient maintenance of traditional armor materials. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0032] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the steel base structure with a regular square frustum groove used in this invention.

[0033] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the steel base with a regular square truncated pyramid groove used in this invention.

[0034] Figure 3 These are photographs (front and back) of the steel substrate used in this invention.

[0035] Figure 4 These are before-and-after photos of the glass prepared in Example 1 before and after microcrystallization.

[0036] Figure 5 A photograph of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 1 after polishing.

[0037] Figure 6 Photos of the front and back of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 1 after being impacted by a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m.

[0038] Figure 7 The front and back photos of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared for Comparative Example 3 after being impacted by a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m. Detailed Implementation

[0039] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the examples in the specification.

[0040] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0041] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in various places throughout this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor does it refer to a separate or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive of other embodiments.

[0042] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available in the field.

[0043] A schematic diagram of the steel-based material structure prepared by this invention is shown below. Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the attached figure, the reference numerals are: H is the thickness of the steel base; h is the height of the groove; a is the length of the upper side of the groove; b is the length of the lower side of the groove; and c is the distance between the upper sides of two adjacent grooves. It can be a groove structure with different shapes. The shape of the groove is a regular square frustum or a regular hexagonal frustum. The upper side length of the frustum is 1–5 cm, the lower side length is 1–5 cm, and the height is 2–5 cm. The inclination angle of the side of the frustum-shaped groove is 1°–6°, and there is a through hole at the bottom of the groove.

[0044] Specifically, in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention, a melt of one of 304 stainless steel, manganese 13 steel, and ductile iron is poured into a pre-prepared graphite mold to prepare a steel substrate with a specific geometric shape. A physical image of the prepared steel substrate is shown below. Figure 3 As shown, its length and width are both 33.5cm, its thickness (H) is 5cm, the upper side length (a) of the groove is 5cm, the lower side length (b) is 4.5cm, and the height (h) is 4.5cm; the groove is in the shape of a regular square frustum, the distance (c) between its upper sides is 0.3cm, and the inclination angle (α) of the side of the frustum is 3.12°.

[0045] Unless otherwise specified, all raw materials used in this invention are commercially available in the field.

[0046] Example 1

[0047] In this embodiment, a magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass component was selected to prepare the glass melt. Specifically, its composition was 14 wt% MgO, 20 wt% Al2O3, 60 wt% SiO2, 4 wt% TiO2+ZrO2, and 2 wt% B2O3.

[0048] 1) Melt the magnesium aluminum silicon glass components in a muffle furnace at 1550℃ for 2 hours to form a uniform glass melt;

[0049] 2) Pour the glass melt into a 304 stainless steel base groove, and heat the combination of steel base and glass melt to 770℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold for 2 hours; continue to heat to 900℃ and hold for 2 hours to promote the nucleation and crystallization process of the glass melt.

[0050] 3) After heat treatment, allow the material to cool naturally to room temperature, and use a machine to polish the surface of the module board to make it flat and smooth; use epoxy resin to attach a layer of canvas to the surface to obtain steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material.

[0051] Figure 4 These are comparative images of the glass batch material before and after microcrystallization in this embodiment. It can be seen that the original transparent glass transformed into white microcrystalline glass after heat treatment, indicating that the microcrystallization of the material was successfully completed.

[0052] Figure 5 This is a photograph of the steel-based glass-ceramic composite bulletproof material prepared in this embodiment. The image clearly shows a very tight bond between the glass-ceramic and the steel substrate, with no gaps at the interface, confirming a good composite between the glass-ceramic and the steel substrate.

[0053] The steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in this embodiment was subjected to an impact resistance test. The impact resistance test method was as follows: at a distance of 100m, the bulletproof material was shot with a 12.7mm caliber assault rifle. The front and back photos after the impact are shown below. Figure 6 As shown in the image, the bulletproof material developed an impact crater upon frontal impact and a bulge on the back, but it was not penetrated, indicating that the bulletproof material successfully withstood the impact of the bullet.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is 17wt% MgO, 20wt% Al2O3, 55wt% SiO2, 5wt% TiO2+ZrO2, and 3wt% B2O3. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 1, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is 17wt% MgO, 25wt% Al2O3, 50wt% SiO2, 6wt% TiO2+ZrO2, and 2wt% B2O3. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 1, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] The difference between this embodiment and Example 1 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is 12wt% MgO, 21wt% Al2O3, 60wt% SiO2, 5wt% TiO2+ZrO2, and 2wt% B2O3. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 1, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0060] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the microcrystalline glass prepared in Examples 1 to 4, as well as the results of compressive strength and impact resistance tests on the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Examples 1 to 4, are shown in Table 1.

[0061] Test method for compressive strength of glass-ceramics: Cut the prepared glass-ceramics into 5*5*5mm blocks and test the compressive strength using a universal testing machine. The test standard refers to the national standard GB / T 19760-2016 "Glass-ceramics".

[0062] Density testing method for glass-ceramics: Using an analytical balance equipped with a density tester, the volume of the sample is calculated by measuring the mass of the microcrystals in air and in anhydrous ethanol, and then using Archimedes' principle, the density is obtained. The testing standard refers to the national standard GB / T 19760-2016 "Glass-ceramics".

[0063] Vickers hardness test method for microcrystalline glass: Prepare a 10*10*5mm block of glass microcrystalline sample, and polish its surface to ensure it is flat, smooth, and free of obvious defects. Perform hardness testing using a Vickers hardness tester. The testing standard refers to the national standard GB / T 19760-2016 "Microcrystalline Glass".

[0064] Test method for thermal expansion coefficient of glass-ceramics: Cut the prepared glass-ceramics into 5*5*30mm blocks, place them in a thermal expansion coefficient tester, and test using the push rod method. The test standard refers to the national standard GB / T19760-2016 "Glass-ceramics".

[0065] The impact resistance test method is as follows: at a distance of 100m, use a 12.7mm caliber assault rifle to shoot at the bulletproof material. If the bulletproof material cannot be penetrated, it means that it can withstand the impact; if it can be penetrated, it means that it cannot withstand the impact.

[0066] Table 1

[0067] Test Project Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Example 4 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 732 738 735 <![CDATA[Glass-ceramic density (g / cm 3 )]]> 2.66 2.68 2.65 2.69 Vickers hardness (HV) of glass-ceramic 773 772 775 774 <![CDATA[Coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics (10 -6 / K)]]> 6.3 6.5 6.4 6.3 Can it withstand the impact? yes yes yes yes

[0068] As shown in Table 1, the density of magnesium aluminum silicon-based microcrystalline glass ranges from 2.66 to 3 g / cm³.3 The Vickers hardness is around 773 HV, and the density of the steel is 7.7–8 g / cm³. 3 With a Vickers hardness of around 2 GPa, the density of microcrystalline glass is 1 / 3 that of steel, but its hardness is 3 times that of steel. Therefore, the weight of the bulletproof material in this embodiment is reduced to half to one-third compared to ordinary steel armor, high-hardness steel armor, and dual-hardness steel composite armor. While maintaining the same bulletproof effect, it can significantly reduce the weight of combat equipment and greatly improve the tactical performance of the equipment.

[0069] As shown in Table 1, the coefficient of thermal expansion of magnesium-aluminum-silicon microcrystalline glass is 6.3 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~6.5*10 -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion of 304 stainless steel is approximately 17.3 × 10⁻⁶ K. -6 Around / K, taking advantage of the difference in thermal expansion coefficients between the steel-based material and the microcrystalline glass, that is, during the cooling process of heat treatment, due to the huge difference in the thermal expansion coefficients between the two, the microcrystalline glass is firmly fixed on the steel-based substrate and is not easy to fall off.

[0070] As can be seen from Table 1, in Example 1, the glass melt was prepared using magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass components with the following composition: MgO 14wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 60wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 4wt%, and B2O3 2wt%. The steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared with this composition has the highest compressive strength, reaching 750MPa. This indicates that when using 304 stainless steel as the base, the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite material made of this composition can withstand impact and has high strength as a bulletproof material.

[0071] Example 5

[0072] In this embodiment, a lithium aluminum silicon glass component was selected to prepare the glass melt. Specifically, its composition is 3 wt% Li2O, 20 wt% Al2O3, 75 wt% SiO2, 1 wt% TiO2+ZrO2, and 1 wt% Na2O+K2O.

[0073] 1) The lithium aluminum silicon glass components were melted in a muffle furnace at 1350℃ for 2 hours to form a uniform glass melt;

[0074] 2) Pour the glass melt into a 304 stainless steel base groove, and heat the combination of steel base and glass melt to 540℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold for 2h; continue to heat to 650℃ and hold for 2h to promote the nucleation and crystallization process of the glass melt.

[0075] 3) After heat treatment, allow the material to cool naturally to room temperature, and use a machine to polish the surface of the module board to make it flat and smooth; use epoxy resin to attach a layer of canvas to the surface to obtain steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material.

[0076] Example 6

[0077] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the proportions of each component in the lithium aluminum silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is Li2O 2wt%, Al2O3 25wt%, SiO2 70wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1wt%, Na2O+K2O 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in embodiment 5, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0078] Example 7

[0079] The difference between this embodiment and Example 5 is that the proportions of each component in the lithium aluminum silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is Li2O 3wt%, Al2O3 28wt%, SiO2 65wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1.5wt%, Na2O+K2O 3.5wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 5, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0080] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the microcrystalline glass prepared in Examples 5 to 7, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Examples 5 to 7, are compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0081] Table 2

[0082] Test Project Example 1 Example 5 Example 6 Example 7 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 693 682 689 <![CDATA[Glass-ceramics density (g / cm 3 )]]> 2.66 2.44 2.46 2.45 Vickers hardness (HV) of glass-ceramic 773 725 731 727 <![CDATA[Coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics (10 -6 / K)]]> 6.3 5.1 4.9 5.0 Can it withstand the impact? yes yes yes yes

[0083] As shown in Table 2, the density of lithium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass ranges from 2.44 to 2.46 g / cm³. 3 Its Vickers hardness is around 728 HV.

[0084] As shown in Table 2, the coefficient of thermal expansion of lithium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass is 4.9 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~5.1*10 -6 It is approximately / K in size and can be firmly fixed to the steel base.

[0085] As can be seen from Table 2, when the steel base is not changed and only the glass composition is adjusted to a lithium aluminum silicon glass composition, the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 5, with the composition of Li2O 3wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 75wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1wt%, Na2O+K2O 1wt%, exhibits the highest compressive strength at 693MPa. However, it is still lower than the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 1 when the magnesium aluminum silicon glass composition is selected.

[0086] Example 8

[0087] In this embodiment, a barium aluminum silicon glass component was selected to prepare the glass melt. Specifically, its composition is BaO 20wt%, Al2O3 18wt%, SiO2 54wt%, CaO 2wt%, MgO 3wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1wt%, Na2O+B2O3 2wt%.

[0088] 1) Melt the barium aluminum silicon glass components in a muffle furnace at 1600℃ for 2 hours to form a homogeneous glass melt;

[0089] 2) Pour the molten glass into a 304 stainless steel base groove; heat the combination of steel base and glass melt to 820℃ at a heating rate of 5℃ / min and hold for 2 hours; continue to heat to 950℃ and hold for 2 hours to promote the nucleation and crystallization process of the glass melt.

[0090] 3) After heat treatment, allow the material to cool naturally to room temperature, and use a machine to polish the surface of the module board to make it flat and smooth; use epoxy resin to attach a layer of canvas to the surface to obtain steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material.

[0091] Example 9

[0092] The difference between this embodiment and Example 8 is that the proportions of each component in the barium aluminum silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is BaO 20wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 50wt%, CaO 2wt%, MgO 3wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 3wt%, Na2O+B2O3 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 8, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0093] Example 10

[0094] The difference between this embodiment and Example 8 is that the proportions of each component in the barium aluminum silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, its composition is BaO 18wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 54wt%, CaO 2wt%, MgO 3wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1wt%, Na2O+B2O3 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 8, thus obtaining the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0095] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the microcrystalline glass prepared in Examples 8 to 10, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Examples 8 to 10, were compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0096] Table 3

[0097] Test Project Example 1 Example 8 Example 9 Example 10 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 663 654 652 <![CDATA[Glass-ceramic density (g / cm 3 )]]> 2.66 2.73 2.75 2.76 Vickers hardness (HV) of glass-ceramic 773 765 760 766 <![CDATA[Coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics (10 -6 / K)]]> 6.3 7.1 7.3 7.2 Can it withstand the impact? yes yes yes yes

[0098] As shown in Table 3, the density of barium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass ranges from 2.73 to 2.76 g / cm³. 3 Its Vickers hardness is around 764 HV.

[0099] As shown in Table 3, the coefficient of thermal expansion of barium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass is 7.1 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~7.3*10 -6 It is approximately / K in size and can be firmly fixed to the steel base.

[0100] As can be seen from Table 3, when the steel base is not changed and only the glass composition is adjusted to a lithium aluminum silicon glass composition, the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 8, with the composition of BaO 20wt%, Al2O3 18wt%, SiO2 54wt%, CaO 2wt%, MgO 3wt%, TiO2+ZrO2 1wt%, Na2O+B2O3 2wt%, exhibits the highest compressive strength at 663MPa, but it is lower than that of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared in Example 1 when the magnesium aluminum silicon glass composition is selected.

[0101] The results in Tables 1 to 3 show that, when using magnesium aluminum silicon-based microcrystalline glass in the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material with a uniform steel-based structure, the overall compressive strength is greater than that of lithium aluminum silicon-based microcrystalline glass, which is greater than that of barium aluminum silicon-based microcrystalline glass.

[0102] Example 11

[0103] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to manganese 13 steel base. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in embodiment 1, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0104] Example 12

[0105] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 5 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to manganese 13 steel base. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in embodiment 5, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0106] Example 13

[0107] The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 8 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to manganese 13 steel base. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in embodiment 8, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this embodiment.

[0108] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the microcrystalline glass prepared in Examples 11 to 13, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Examples 11 to 13, were compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 4.

[0109] Table 4

[0110] Test Project Example 1 Example 11 Example 12 Example 13 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 745 684 667 <![CDATA[Glass-ceramic density (g / cm 3 )]]> 2.66 2.65 2.45 2.74 Vickers hardness (HV) of glass-ceramic 773 774 736 764 <![CDATA[Coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics (10 -6 / K)]]> 6.3 6.3 5.0 7.1 Can it withstand the impact? yes yes yes yes

[0111] As shown in Table 4, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass-ceramic is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~7.1*10 -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion of manganese 13 steel is approximately 12*10 K. -6 At around / K, the microcrystalline glass can be fixed on the steel substrate.

[0112] As can be seen from Table 4, when the steel base type is adjusted to manganese 13 steel base, the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared using magnesium aluminum silicon glass components exhibits the strongest compressive strength, reaching 745 MPa, but it is still less than the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared when stainless steel is selected as the steel base in Example 1.

[0113] Comparative Example 1

[0114] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to ductile iron steel base. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 1, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0115] Comparative Example 2

[0116] The difference between this comparative example and Example 5 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to ductile iron steel base. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 5, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0117] Comparative Example 3

[0118] The difference between this comparative example and Example 8 is that the steel base used in step (2) is different, and it is adjusted to ductile iron steel base. The remaining steps are the same as in Example 8, so as to obtain the steel base microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0119] Figure 7 The images show the front and back of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared for this comparative example after being impacted by a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m. The images show that a large impact crater formed on the front of the bulletproof material, while the back was penetrated by the bullet. This indicates that the bulletproof material prepared in this comparative example cannot withstand the impact of a bullet.

[0120] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the microcrystalline glass prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, were compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 5.

[0121] Table 5

[0122] Test Project Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 747 685 662 <![CDATA[Glass-ceramic density (g / cm 3 )]]> 2.66 2.65 2.44 2.74 Vickers hardness (HV) of glass-ceramic 773 771 736 767 <![CDATA[Coefficient of thermal expansion of glass-ceramics (10 -6 / K)]]> 6.3 6.2 5.0 7.2 Can it withstand the impact? yes yes no no

[0123] As shown in Table 5, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass-ceramic is 5.0 × 10⁻⁶. -6 / K~7.2*10 -6 The coefficient of thermal expansion of ductile iron steel-based steel is approximately 11.2 × 10⁻⁶ K. -6 At around / K, the microcrystalline glass can be firmly fixed to the steel substrate.

[0124] As can be seen from Table 5, when the steel base is adjusted to ductile iron, the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared using magnesium aluminum silicon glass components exhibits the strongest compressive strength, reaching 747 MPa, but it is still less than the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material prepared when stainless steel is selected as the steel base in Example 1.

[0125] Table 5 also shows that only steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof materials prepared using magnesium aluminum silicon glass components can withstand impacts and possess bulletproof performance. Specifically, when using ductile iron as the steel base, it can withstand impacts when combined with magnesium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass, which has higher compressive strength. However, when combined with lithium aluminum silicon and barium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass, which have relatively lower compressive strength, it cannot withstand the impact of a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m. This is because ductile iron has low strength and contains non-spherical graphite morphology, leading to reduced deformation and plastic deformation capabilities during heat treatment. When the compressive strength of the microcrystalline glass is low, the ductile iron is prone to cracking after being impacted by a bullet, making it unable to withstand the impact.

[0126] Comparative Example 4

[0127] The difference between this comparative example and Comparative Example 1 is that the two heat treatment temperatures are different. In this comparative example, the combination of steel matrix and glass melt is heated to 700℃ and held for 2 hours at a heating rate of 5℃ / min; then the temperature is further increased to 800℃ and held for 2 hours; the remaining steps are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, thus obtaining the ductile iron steel matrix magnesium aluminum silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0128] Comparative Example 5

[0129] The difference between this comparative example and Comparative Example 1 is that the two heat treatment temperatures are different. In this comparative example, the combination of steel matrix and glass melt is heated to 850℃ and held for 2 hours at a heating rate of 5℃ / min; then the temperature is further increased to 980℃ and held for 2 hours; the remaining steps are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, thus obtaining the ductile iron steel matrix magnesium aluminum silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0130] Comparative Example 6

[0131] The difference between this comparative example and Comparative Example 1 is that the two heat treatment times are different. In this comparative example, the combination of steel matrix and glass melt is heated to 770℃ and held for 1 hour at a heating rate of 5℃ / min; then the temperature is further increased to 900℃ and held for 1 hour; the remaining steps are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, thus obtaining the ductile iron steel matrix magnesium aluminum silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0132] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass prepared in Comparative Examples 4 to 6, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Comparative Examples 4 to 6, were compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 6.

[0133] Table 6

[0134] Test Project Example 1 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 279 205 479 Can it withstand the impact? yes no no no

[0135] As can be seen from Table 6, when preparing magnesium aluminum silicon microcrystalline glass, if the heat treatment temperature is too low or too high, or the heat treatment time is too short, the degree of microcrystallization of the glass will be reduced or it will not be able to microcrystallize at all, resulting in extremely low compressive strength of the glass, which cannot withstand the impact of a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m.

[0136] Comparative Example 7

[0137] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, the composition is adjusted to MgO 14wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 60wt%, CaO 2wt%, B2O3 2wt%, and P2O5 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 1, resulting in the 304 stainless steel-based magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0138] Comparative Example 8

[0139] The difference between this comparative example and Example 11 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, the composition is adjusted to MgO 14wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 60wt%, CaO 2wt%, B2O3 2wt%, and P2O5 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as in Example 11, thus obtaining the manganese 13 steel-based magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0140] Comparative Example 9

[0141] The difference between this comparative example and Comparative Example 1 is that the proportions of each component in the magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition are different. Specifically, the composition is adjusted to MgO 14wt%, Al2O3 20wt%, SiO2 60wt%, CaO 2wt%, B2O3 2wt%, and P2O5 2wt%. The remaining steps and processes are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, thus obtaining the ductile iron steel-based magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composite bulletproof material of this comparative example.

[0142] The density and coefficient of thermal expansion of the glass prepared in Comparative Examples 7 to 9, as well as the compressive strength and impact resistance of the glass composite bulletproof materials prepared in Comparative Examples 7 to 9, were compared with those in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 7.

[0143] Table 7

[0144] Test Project Example 1 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 Compressive strength (MPa) 750 178 175 176 Can it withstand the impact? yes no no no

[0145] As shown in Table 7, when using ordinary magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass, even when combined with 304 stainless steel, manganese 13 steel, and ductile iron steel bases, it is impossible to withstand the impact of a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m. This is because the glass prepared with this magnesium-aluminum-silicon composition is ordinary glass, not microcrystalline glass. Ordinary glass cannot achieve microcrystallization during heat treatment, and its compressive strength is much lower than that of magnesium-aluminum-silicon microcrystalline glass, thus it cannot withstand the impact of a bullet.

[0146] In summary, this invention provides a steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material and its preparation method. The method involves precisely casting a magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass molten component into a pre-designed and manufactured steel substrate groove structure using a casting method, optimizing the component ratio. Subsequently, a programmed temperature-controlled heat treatment process is performed, causing the glass molten component in the substrate to undergo nucleation and crystallization, forming a microcrystalline glass layer with excellent physical properties. This results in a tightly bonded, seamless steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material. Furthermore, this material can withstand impact from a 12.7mm bullet at a distance of 100m without being penetrated, demonstrating the bulletproof performance of this steel-based microcrystalline glass composite material.

[0147] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material, characterized in that: include, Glass components are melted to form a glass melt, which is then cast into a steel substrate using a casting method. Temperature-controlled heat treatment is then performed to obtain microcrystalline glass. After post-treatment, steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material is obtained. The glass composition includes one of magnesium aluminum silicon, lithium aluminum silicon, and barium aluminum silicon glass compositions. The magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition comprises, by weight percentage: MgO 8-20wt%, Al2O3 15-25wt%, SiO2 50-60wt%, TiO2 + ZrO2 <8wt%, and B2O3 <5wt%. The steel base includes one of 304 stainless steel, manganese 13 steel and ductile iron; The temperature-controlled heat treatment is a two-step temperature control process. The two-step temperature control procedure is as follows: for magnesium aluminum silicon glass, the first step is to nucleate at 730–830℃ for 2–4 hours, and then to crystallize at 850–950℃ for 1–3 hours; for lithium aluminum silicon glass, the first step is to nucleate at 500–600℃ for 2–4 hours, and then to crystallize at 620–720℃ for 1–3 hours; for barium aluminum silicon glass, the first step is to nucleate at 780–880℃ for 2–4 hours, and then to crystallize at 900–1000℃ for 1–3 hours.

2. The preparation method of the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The lithium aluminum silicon glass composition comprises, by weight percentage, 2-3 wt% Li2O, 15-30 wt% Al2O3, 55-75 wt% SiO2, <2 wt% TiO2 + ZrO2, and <4 wt% Na2O + K2O.

3. The method for preparing the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The barium aluminum silicon glass composition comprises, by weight percentage: BaO 16–24 wt%, Al2O3 15–22 wt%, SiO2 43–54 wt%, CaO 0–2 wt%, MgO 0–3 wt%, TiO2 + ZrO2 <4 wt%, and Na2O + B2O3 <4 wt%.

4. The method for preparing the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The glass composition is a magnesium-aluminum-silicon glass composition.

5. The method for preparing the steel-based microcrystalline glass composite bulletproof material as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The melting temperature of the glass melt is 1300–1600℃, and the melting time is 1–3 hours.

Images