A high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device and a resonance attenuation test method

Abstract

The application discloses a high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device and a resonance attenuation test method, and belongs to the technical field of structural dynamics test, which comprises a bottom plate, an exciter top rod, a sensor connected to the first end of the exciter top rod and connected with a test structure, a clamping mechanism arranged on the bottom plate and used for clamping and releasing the second end of the exciter top rod, a driving device arranged on the bottom plate and drivingly connected with the clamping mechanism through a push-pull rod, and a data acquisition and control system connected with the driving device and the sensor respectively and used for acquiring data of the sensor and controlling the driving device to drive the clamping mechanism to clamp and release the exciter top rod. The application realizes accurate release of the exciter top rod, ensures that the connection between the exciter and the test structure is disconnected under the optimal condition, significantly reduces the coupling effect of the exciter and the test structure, and thus maximally reflects the real dynamics characteristics of the test structure.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of structural dynamics test, and particularly relates to a high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device and a resonance decay test method. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the increasing size and complexity of spacecraft, the ground dynamics test of space structures faces many challenges. In particular, for large flexible space structures, not only the nonlinear dynamics problem between modules needs to be handled, but also the complexity of dynamic response caused by large structural flexibility and low fundamental frequency needs to be dealt with. The conventional dynamics test method is difficult to meet the test requirements.

[0003] The traditional excitation method, such as connecting the exciter and the test structure by bonding, will affect the accuracy and reliability of the test results due to the coupling effect of the exciter and the test structure. The resonance decay method, as an advanced dynamics test technology, is characterized by fine excitation of the structure to the resonance state and measurement and analysis of the free decay process of the structure. This method can accurately capture key dynamic parameters such as natural frequency, damping ratio and modal shape of the structure. However, in practical application, the exciter is usually still connected to the test structure after excitation. This connection state will affect the subsequent free decay process of the structure, causing the test results to deviate, and limiting the application range and experimental effect of the resonance decay method. Therefore, how to quickly and accurately separate the exciter from the test structure after excitation, and minimize the disturbance to the free decay process, has become a key technical problem for improving the experimental method. SUMMARY

[0004] To solve the above problems, the application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0005] A high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device, comprising:

[0006] a bottom plate;

[0007] an exciter top rod, a first end of the exciter top rod being connected with a sensor and being connected with a test structure;

[0008] a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism being arranged on the bottom plate and being used for clamping / releasing a second end of the exciter top rod;

[0009] a driving device, the driving device being arranged on the bottom plate and being drivingly connected with the clamping mechanism through a push-pull rod;

[0010] a data acquisition and control system, the data acquisition and control system being connected with the driving device and the sensor respectively, and being used for acquiring data of the sensor and controlling the driving device to drive the clamping mechanism to clamp / release the exciter top rod.

[0011] Further, the clamping mechanism comprises a first limiting piece and a second limiting piece; the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are vertically arranged on the bottom plate; wherein the second limiting piece is located at the first end of the first limiting piece, and the driving device is located at the second end of the first limiting piece;

[0012] The first limiting piece is provided with a transmission assembly connected with the push-pull rod.

[0013] The second limiting piece is oppositely provided with a left chuck and a right chuck, and the left chuck and the right chuck are respectively connected with the transmission assembly; the push-pull rod drives the left chuck and the right chuck to move towards each other / backwards through the transmission assembly, so as to clamp / release the vibration exciter top rod.

[0014] Further, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission slider arranged on the first limiting piece; the side of the transmission slider away from the first limiting piece is oppositely provided with two inclined rails, and the two inclined rails are arranged at an angle; a left bearing and a right bearing matched with the inclined rails are respectively arranged on the two inclined rails; the transmission slider is connected with the push-pull rod.

[0015] The left chuck is connected with the left bearing, and the right chuck is connected with the right bearing; the transmission slider drives the left chuck and the right chuck to move towards each other / backwards through the left bearing and the right bearing.

[0016] Further, the first limiting piece comprises a first guide rail and a first slider, the first guide rail is arranged on the bottom plate, the first slider is arranged on the first guide rail, and the first slider is connected with the transmission slider; the first slider slides along the first guide rail to drive the transmission slider to move reciprocatingly and linearly along the first guide rail.

[0017] The second limiting piece comprises a second guide rail, a second slider and a third slider, the second guide rail is arranged on the bottom plate, and the second slider and the third slider are oppositely arranged on the second guide rail; the second slider is connected with the left chuck, and the third slider is connected with the right chuck; the second slider and the third slider slide relatively along the second guide rail to drive the left chuck and the right chuck to move towards each other / backwards along the second guide rail.

[0018] Wherein, the first guide rail and the second guide rail are perpendicular to each other.

[0019] Further, the first slider, the second slider and the third slider are provided with rolling steel columns, so that the first slider moves along the first guide rail in a smooth reciprocating linear motion, and the second slider and the third slider move along the second guide rail in a smooth reciprocating linear motion.

[0020] Further, the push-pull rod is provided with a spring.

[0021] Further, the left chuck and the right chuck are provided with clamping grooves for clamping and fixing the exciter top rod; the clamping grooves are composed of a semicylindrical groove and a semispherical groove.

[0022] Further, the bottom plate is an L-shaped plate, and the side portion of the bottom plate is provided with a mounting hole connected with the exciter; the driving device is mounted on the bottom portion of the bottom plate on the side close to the side portion of the bottom plate.

[0023] The bottom portion of the bottom plate is further provided with a plurality of through holes for suspension.

[0024] Further, the axis of the mounting hole is in the same horizontal line as the axis of the clamping hole formed by the clamping grooves of the left chuck and the right chuck after clamping, so as to ensure that the exciter and the exciter top rod are in the same straight line during excitation.

[0025] A resonance attenuation test method using the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device, comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1, the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device is connected with the exciter through the mounting hole provided on the side portion of the bottom plate, the exciter top rod is connected with the test structure, and the exciter top rod and the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device are ensured to be in the same horizontal straight line; the data acquisition and control system is connected with the driving device and the sensor respectively;

[0027] S2, the data acquisition and control system transmits an electric signal to the driving device, and the driving device drives the left chuck and the right chuck to move in opposite directions to clamp the exciter top rod;

[0028] S3, a sinusoidal excitation of a certain natural frequency and a stable amplitude is applied to the test structure until the test structure reaches a resonance state;

[0029] S4, when the test structure meets the optimal releasing moment, the optimal releasing moment includes that the excitation force is zero, the displacement, velocity or acceleration of a point of the test structure is zero, the data acquisition and control system transmits a power-off signal to the driving device, the left chuck and the right chuck are driven to move in opposite directions to quickly release the exciter top rod under the elastic force of the compression spring, the connection between the exciter and the test structure is disconnected, and finally the free decay process of the test structure is measured and analyzed.

[0030] Beneficial effects:

[0031] The application can realize precise and rapid release of the height of the top rod of the exciter during the test, significantly reduce the interference of the coupling effect on the free decay process of the structure caused by the excitation of the exciter after the completion of the excitation in the traditional resonance decay test, improve the accuracy and reliability of the test data, and expand the application range of the resonance decay method; the realization of precise release ensures that the exciter is disconnected from the test structure under the optimized conditions, thereby maximizing the reflection of the real dynamic characteristics of the test structure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0032] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application;

[0033] Figure 2 is a left view of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application;

[0034] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application in use in embodiment 3 Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application in use in embodiment 3 Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application in use in embodiment 4 Figure 1 ;

[0037] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the clamping and releasing device of the top rod of the exciter of the application in use in embodiment 4 Figure 2 ;

[0038] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS: 01, bottom plate; 02, driving device; 03, push-pull rod; 04, spring; 05, first guide rail; 06, first sliding block; 07, transmission sliding block; 08, left bearing; 09, right bearing; 10, second guide rail; 11, second sliding block; 12, third sliding block; 13, left chuck; 14, right chuck; 15, top rod of exciter; 16, exciter; 17, test structure; 18, rope; 19, soft elastic rope; 20, sensor; 21, vibration table; 22, auxiliary plate of vibration table; 23, data acquisition and control system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The specific embodiments of the present application will be described in detail in this part, the preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, the role of the drawings is to supplement the description of the text part with figures, so that people can intuitively and visually understand each technical feature and the overall technical scheme of the present application, but it cannot be understood as a limitation on the protection scope of the present application.

[0040] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the orientation description, such as the orientation or position relationship indicated by up, down, front, back, left, right and the like, is based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the drawings, which is only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0041] In the description of the present application, one or more is meant by several, more than two is meant by more than two, greater than, less than, more than, etc. are understood to not include the number, above, below, within, etc. are understood to include the number. If the first, second is described, it is only for the purpose of distinguishing technical features, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of indicated technical features or the sequence of indicated technical features.

[0042] In the description of the present application, unless otherwise explicitly limited, the words such as setting, installing, connecting, etc. should be understood broadly, and those skilled in the art can reasonably determine the specific meaning of the above words in the present application in combination with the specific content of the technical scheme.

[0043] Embodiment 1

[0044] Reference Figure 1 - Figure 2 A high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device, comprising:

[0045] a bottom plate 01;

[0046] an exciter top rod 15, a first end of the exciter top rod 15 being connected with a sensor 20 and being connected with a test structure 17;

[0047] a clamping mechanism, the clamping mechanism being arranged on the bottom plate 01 and being used for clamping / releasing a second end of the exciter top rod 15;

[0048] a driving device 02, the driving device 02 being arranged on the bottom plate 01 and being drivingly connected with the clamping mechanism through a push-pull rod 03;

[0049] a data acquisition and control system 23, the data acquisition and control system 23 being connected with the driving device 02 and the sensor 20 respectively, and being used for acquiring data of the sensor 20 and controlling the driving device 02 to drive the clamping mechanism to clamp / release the exciter top rod 15.

[0050] In the embodiment, the data acquisition and control system 23 acquires data of the sensor 20, including acceleration data of the exciting force and the exciting point; when the test structure 17 meets the optimal release moment, wherein the optimal release moment includes that the exciting force is zero, the displacement, velocity or acceleration of a point of the test structure 17 is zero, the data acquisition and control system 23 gives a signal to the driving device 02 to release the exciter top rod 15, and finally the device can accurately, smoothly and quickly release the exciter top rod 15, and disconnect the exciter 16 and the test structure 17, wherein the release time is not greater than 0.1s, so as to minimize the interference on the free decay process of the test structure.

[0051] In the embodiment, the data acquisition and control system 23 can be connected with multiple devices and multiple exciters to perform a dynamic test, so as to realize accurate, smooth and rapid clamping / release of the exciter top rod 15, and meet the demand of multi-point excitation.

[0052] In the embodiment, the clamping force of the driving device 02 needs to be large enough to ensure that the exciter top rod 15 will not slide or fall off when clamping the exciter top rod 15.

[0053] Preferably, the clamping mechanism comprises a first limiting piece and a second limiting piece; the first limiting piece and the second limiting piece are vertically arranged on the bottom plate 01; wherein the second limiting piece is located at the first end of the first limiting piece, and the driving device 02 is located at the second end of the first limiting piece.

[0054] The first limiting piece is provided with a transmission assembly, and the transmission assembly is connected with the push-pull rod 03.

[0055] The second limiting piece is oppositely provided with a left chuck 13 and a right chuck 14, and the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 are respectively connected with the transmission assembly; the push-pull rod 03 drives the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 to move towards each other / move away from each other through the transmission assembly, so as to clamp / release the exciter top rod 15.

[0056] Preferably, the transmission assembly comprises a transmission slider 07, and the transmission slider 07 is arranged on the first limiting piece; two inclined rails are oppositely arranged on the side of the transmission slider 07 away from the first limiting piece, and the two inclined rails are arranged at an angle; a left bearing 08 and a right bearing 09 matched with the inclined rails are respectively arranged on the two inclined rails; and the transmission slider 07 is connected with the push-pull rod 03.

[0057] The left chuck 13 is connected with the left bearing 08, and the right chuck 14 is connected with the right bearing 09; the transmission slider 07 drives the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 04 to move towards each other / move away from each other through the left bearing 08 and the right bearing 09.

[0058] Preferably, the first limiting member comprises a first guide rail 05 and a first sliding block 06, the first guide rail 05 is arranged on the bottom plate 01, the first sliding block 06 is arranged on the first guide rail 05, and the first sliding block 06 is connected with the transmission sliding block 07; the first sliding block 06 slides along the first guide rail 05, and is used to drive the transmission sliding block 07 to make reciprocating linear motion along the first guide rail 05.

[0059] The second limiting member comprises a second guide rail 10, a second sliding block 11 and a third sliding block 12, the second guide rail 10 is arranged on the bottom plate 01, the second sliding block 11 and the third sliding block 12 are arranged on the second guide rail 10 oppositely; the second sliding block 11 is connected with the left chuck 13, and the third sliding block 12 is connected with the right chuck 14; the second sliding block 11 and the third sliding block 12 slide along the second guide rail 10 oppositely, and are used to drive the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 to make opposite motion / backward motion along the second guide rail 10.

[0060] Preferably, the first guide rail 05 and the second guide rail 10 are perpendicular to each other.

[0061] Preferably, the first sliding block 06, the second sliding block 11 and the third sliding block 12 are all provided with rolling steel columns, so that the first sliding block 06 makes high-precision smooth reciprocating linear motion along the first guide rail 05, and the second sliding block 11 and the third sliding block 12 make high-precision smooth reciprocating linear motion along the second guide rail 10.

[0062] Preferably, the push-pull rod 03 is sleeved with a spring 04; the special properties of the driving device 02 and the spring 04 are utilized, that is, when electrified, the push-pull rod 03 is driven to move downward by the thrust, when de-energized, the spring 04 pushes the push-pull rod 03 to move upward by the elastic force, drives the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 to make opposite motion / backward motion, and finally realizes clamping / quick release of the vibration exciter top rod 15.

[0063] Preferably, the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 are both provided with clamping grooves for clamping and fixing the vibration exciter top rod; the clamping grooves are composed of semicylindrical grooves and semispherical grooves.

[0064] Preferably, the bottom plate 01 is an L-shaped plate, the side of the bottom plate 01 is provided with a mounting hole connected with the vibration exciter 16; wherein the driving device 02 is mounted on the bottom of the bottom plate 01 on the side close to the side of the bottom plate 01.

[0065] The bottom of the bottom plate 01 is also provided with a plurality of through holes for suspension.

[0066] In the embodiment, the through holes are at least two and are located on the centroid straight line of the device, so as to ensure that the bottom plate is located on the horizontal plane after suspension.

[0067] Preferably, the axis of the mounting hole is in the same horizontal line with the axis of the clamping hole formed by the clamping groove of the left clamping head 13 and the clamping groove on the right clamping head 14 after clamping, so as to ensure that the exciter 16 and the exciter top rod 15 are in the same straight line during excitation.

[0068] Embodiment 2

[0069] A resonance decay test method using the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0070] S1, connecting the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device with the exciter 16 through the mounting hole provided on the side of the base plate 01, connecting the exciter top rod 15 with the test structure 17, and ensuring that the exciter top rod 15 and the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device are in the same horizontal straight line; connecting the data acquisition and control system 23 with the driving device 02 and the sensor 20, respectively;

[0071] S2, transmitting the electric signal to the driving device 02 by the data acquisition and control system 23, and driving the left clamping head 13 and the right clamping head 14 to move towards each other to clamp the exciter top rod 15;

[0072] S3, applying a sinusoidal excitation of a certain natural frequency and a stable amplitude to the test structure 17 until the test structure reaches a resonance state;

[0073] S4, when the test structure 17 meets the optimal releasing moment, which includes that the excitation force is zero, the displacement, velocity or acceleration of a point of the test structure is zero, transmitting the power-off signal to the driving device 02 by the data acquisition and control system 23, and driving the left clamping head 13 and the right clamping head 14 to move away from each other to quickly release the exciter top rod 15 under the elastic force of the compressed spring, disconnecting the exciter 16 and the test structure 17, and finally measuring and analyzing the free decay process of the test structure 17.

[0074] Embodiment 3

[0075] Reference Figures 3-4 A resonance decay test method using the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and releasing device described in Embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0076] S1, the test structure 17 is suspended by a soft elastic rope 19 to simulate a free boundary condition, the exciter 16 and the high-precision excitation top rod clamping release device are suspended by a rope 18, and the excitation top rod clamping release device and the excitation top rod 15 are ensured to be in the same horizontal straight line; the high-precision excitation top rod clamping release device and the excitation 16 are connected through the mounting hole arranged on the side of the bottom plate 01, the excitation top rod 15 is connected with the test structure 17, and the excitation top rod 15 and the high-precision excitation top rod clamping release device are ensured to be in the same horizontal straight line; the data acquisition and control system 23 is connected with the driving device 02 and the sensor 20 respectively;

[0077] S2, the data acquisition and control system 23 transmits an electric signal to the driving device 02, the driving device 02 drives the left clamp head 13 and the right clamp head 14 to move towards each other to clamp the excitation top rod 15;

[0078] S3, a certain inherent frequency of the test structure 17 is applied to a stable amplitude of a sine excitation until the test structure reaches a resonance state;

[0079] S4, when the test structure 17 meets the optimal release time, the optimal release time includes that the excitation force is zero, the displacement, speed or acceleration of a point of the test structure is zero, the data acquisition and control system 23 transmits a power-off signal to the driving device 02, the driving device 02 drives the left clamp head 13 and the right clamp head 14 to move away from each other to quickly release the excitation top rod 15 under the elastic force of the compressed spring, disconnects the excitation 16 and the test structure 17, and finally measures and analyzes the free decay process of the test structure 17.

[0080] Embodiment 4

[0081] Reference Figures 5-6 A resonance decay test method, using the high-precision excitation top rod clamping release device of embodiment 1, comprising the following steps:

[0082] S1, the test structure 17 is suspended by a soft elastic rope 19 to simulate a free boundary condition, the vibration table 21 is installed on the ground, the vibration table auxiliary plate 22 is installed on the vibration table 21, so that the vibration table 21 can provide excitation for the structure installed on the vibration table auxiliary plate 22; the high-precision excitation top rod clamping release device is connected with the vibration table auxiliary plate 22, the excitation top rod 15 is provided with a sensor 20 for measuring the excitation force of the excitation 16 on the test structure 17; the sensor 20 is connected with the test structure 17; the data acquisition and control system 23 is connected with the driving device 02 and the sensor 20 respectively;

[0083] S2, the data acquisition and control system 23 transmits an electric signal to the driving device 02, the driving device 02 drives the left clamp head 13 and the right clamp head 14 to move towards each other to clamp the excitation top rod 15;

[0084] S3, a sinusoidal excitation of a certain inherent frequency and stable amplitude is applied to the test structure 17 until the test structure reaches a resonance state;

[0085] S4, when the test structure 17 meets the optimal release moment, the optimal release moment includes that the exciting force is zero, the displacement, velocity or acceleration of a point of the test structure is zero, the data acquisition and control system 23 transmits a power-off signal to the driving device 02, the left chuck 13 and the right chuck 14 are driven to move back under the elastic force of the compressed spring to quickly release the top rod 15 of the exciter, the connection between the exciter 16 and the test structure 17 is disconnected, and finally the free decay process of the test structure 17 is measured and analyzed.

[0086] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, and does not limit the technical scope of the present application in any way. Any slight modification, equivalent change and modification made according to the technical essence of the present application to the above embodiment still falls within the scope of the technical solution of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device, characterized in that, include: Base plate; A vibrator top rod, the first end of which is connected to a sensor and connected to the test structure; A clamping mechanism, which is disposed on the base plate, is used to clamp / release the second end of the exciter top rod; A driving device is mounted on the base plate and is drivenly connected to the clamping mechanism via a push-pull rod. A data acquisition and control system is connected to the drive device and the sensor respectively, and is used to acquire data from the sensor and control the drive device to drive the clamping mechanism to clamp / release the vibrator top rod; The clamping mechanism includes a first limiting member and a second limiting member; the first limiting member and the second limiting member are vertically disposed on the base plate; wherein, the second limiting member is located at the first end of the first limiting member, and the driving device is located at the second end of the first limiting member; The first limiting member is provided with a transmission assembly, which is connected to the push-pull rod; The second limiting member is provided with a left clamp and a right clamp, which are respectively connected to the transmission assembly; the push-pull rod drives the left clamp and the right clamp to move in opposite directions / backwards through the transmission assembly to clamp / release the vibrator top rod; The transmission assembly includes a transmission slider, which is disposed on the first limiting member; two inclined rails are disposed opposite each other on the side of the transmission slider away from the first limiting member, and the two inclined rails are disposed at an included angle; a left bearing and a right bearing matching the inclined rails are respectively disposed on the two inclined rails; the transmission slider is connected to the push-pull rod. The left chuck is connected to the left bearing, and the right chuck is connected to the right bearing; the transmission slider drives the left chuck and the right chuck to move in opposite directions / backwards through the left bearing and the right bearing; The first limiting member includes a first guide rail and a first slider. The first guide rail is disposed on the base plate, and the first slider is disposed on the first guide rail. The first slider is connected to the transmission slider. The first slider slides along the first guide rail to drive the transmission slider to perform reciprocating linear motion along the first guide rail. The second limiting member includes a second guide rail, a second slider, and a third slider. The second guide rail is disposed on the base plate, and the second slider and the third slider are disposed opposite to each other on the second guide rail. The second slider is connected to the left clamp, and the third slider is connected to the right clamp. The second slider and the third slider slide relative to each other along the second guide rail, thereby driving the left clamp and the right clamp to move in opposite directions or in opposite directions along the second guide rail. The first guide rail and the second guide rail are perpendicular to each other; a spring is sleeved on the push-pull rod.

2. The high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first slider, the second slider, and the third slider are all provided with rolling steel columns so that the first slider makes a smooth reciprocating linear motion along the first guide rail, and the second slider and the third slider make a smooth reciprocating linear motion along the second guide rail.

3. The high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device according to claim 2, characterized in that, Both the left and right clamps are provided with clamping grooves for clamping and fixing the exciter top rod; the clamping grooves are composed of a semi-cylindrical groove and a hemispherical groove.

4. The high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The base plate is an L-shaped plate, and the side of the base plate is provided with mounting holes for connecting to the vibrator; wherein, the side of the drive device closest to the base plate is mounted on the bottom of the base plate; The bottom of the base plate is also provided with several through holes for suspension.

5. A high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The axis of the mounting hole is on the same horizontal line as the axis of the clamping hole formed by the clamping groove of the left chuck and the clamping groove of the right chuck after clamping, so as to ensure that the vibrator and the vibrator push rod are on the same straight line during vibration.

6. A resonance attenuation test method, using the high-precision exciter top rod clamping and release device of claim 5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. The high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device is connected to the vibrator through the mounting holes on the side of the base plate. The vibrator top rod is connected to the test structure, and the vibrator top rod and the high-precision vibrator top rod clamping and release device are on the same horizontal straight line. The data acquisition and control system is connected to the drive device and the sensor respectively. S2. The data acquisition and control system transmits electrical signals to the drive device, which drives the left and right chucks to move in opposite directions to clamp the vibrator top rod. S3. Apply a sinusoidal excitation with a stable amplitude at a certain natural frequency to the test structure until the test structure reaches a resonance state. S4. When the test structure meets the optimal release time, the optimal release time includes zero excitation force and zero displacement, velocity or acceleration at a certain point of the test structure. The data acquisition and control system transmits the power-off signal to the drive device, which drives the left and right clamps to move in opposite directions under the force of the compressed spring to quickly release the exciter top rod, disconnect the exciter from the test structure, and finally measure and analyze the free decay process of the test structure.

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