Wind tunnel test train model deceleration device

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of wind tunnel experiment technology, and specifically to a wind tunnel test train model deceleration device, comprising: a bottom plate, on which a guide rail and at least two lower magnetic parts are fixed axially, and the bottom plate is divided into a running section and a deceleration section along the axial direction; a top plate, on which an upper magnetic part corresponding to the lower magnetic part is fixed along the length direction on the bottom surface of the top plate, and there is a repulsive force between the upper magnetic part and the lower magnetic part in the running section, and there is an attractive force between the upper magnetic part and the lower magnetic part in the deceleration section; a deceleration device body, the deceleration device body includes a magnetic component and a force transmission component, the magnetic component is connected to the force transmission component, and the magnetic component provides the force transmission component with a force opposite to the running direction of the scale model of the train. The present invention improves the feasibility of the scale model of the train in the wind tunnel under different speed test conditions, and solves the technical problem that it is impossible to accurately study the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of the moving train under the action of wind and perform case deceleration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of wind tunnel experiments, and in particular to a wind tunnel test train model speed reducer. Background Art

[0002] Strong winds or tornadoes (including thunderstorms, tropical cyclones, etc.) in extreme weather are accompanied by extremely high wind speeds, which may cause the train to move sideways or lose balance, causing the train to deviate from the track or overturn. Therefore, studying the impact of strong winds or tornadoes on the operation of high-speed trains will help to formulate safety standards for train operation under strong winds or tornadoes, and guide relevant emergency plans and safety measures to ensure the safe operation of high-speed trains in extreme climates. However, most of the current wind tunnel test studies on trains are based on static models. Although the scaled model of a static train can reflect a certain degree of aerodynamic characteristics, the theoretical model established has an important reference and guiding role. However, the static model still has certain limitations in the study of the aerodynamic characteristics of a moving train. In order to more accurately study the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of a moving train under the action of wind, it is necessary to conduct more comprehensive dynamic model tests and smoothly decelerate the train under different working conditions.

[0003] In summary, there is an urgent need for a device that can study the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of a moving train under the action of wind and can smoothly decelerate in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a wind tunnel test train model deceleration device to solve the technical problem that the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of a moving train under the action of wind cannot be accurately studied in the prior art and the case deceleration cannot be performed. The specific technical solution is as follows:

[0005] The present invention provides a wind tunnel test train model deceleration device, comprising:

[0006] A bottom plate, on which a guide rail and at least two lower magnetic members are fixed in the axial direction, the guide rail is located between two adjacent lower magnetic members, and the bottom plate is divided into a running section and a deceleration section in the axial direction;

[0007] A top plate, the length of which is less than that of the bottom plate, the top plate is located above the bottom plate and the guide rail, an upper magnetic piece corresponding to the lower magnetic piece is fixed to the bottom surface of the top plate along the length direction, a repulsive force is present between the upper magnetic piece and the lower magnetic piece in the running section, and an attractive force is present between the upper magnetic piece and the lower magnetic piece in the deceleration section, and a scaled model of a train is fixed to the top surface of the top plate;

[0008] The deceleration device body includes a magnetic component and a force transmission component. The force transmission component is axially slidably installed on the guide rail. The magnetic component is fixed on the bottom plate at the position of the deceleration section. The magnetic component is connected to the force transmission component, and the magnetic component provides the force transmission component with a force opposite to the travel direction of the scaled train model. The scaled train model contacts the force transmission component when decelerating.

[0009] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that there are two guide rails, which are arranged in parallel; there are two force transmission components, which are installed on the two guide rails in a one-to-one correspondence and are located at an end away from the running section; an opening for sliding installation of the force transmission component is provided on the guide rail; and the magnetic component is located between the two guide rails and at an end close to the running section.

[0010] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that the magnetic component includes a magnetic box, a force transmission rod and an elastic rope, the elastic rope is connected between two of the force transmission components, the first end of the force transmission rod is connected to the magnetic box, the second end of the force transmission rod is connected to the elastic rope, and the magnetic box is used to generate a force opposite to the driving direction of the train scale model and transmit it to the force transmission rod.

[0011] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that the magnetic box includes a box body, a movable magnet, a first fixed magnet and a second fixed magnet, the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet are fixed in the box body at intervals, and the first fixed magnet is located at one end close to the running section, and the second fixed magnet is located at an end away from the running section, the movable magnet slides between the first fixed magnet and the second fixed magnet, there is an attractive force between the movable magnet and the first fixed magnet, and there is a repulsive force between the movable magnet and the second fixed magnet, a limiting piece is provided at the first end of the force transmission rod, and the force transmission rod is penetrated by the box body, the second fixed magnet and the movable magnet.

[0012] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that a limiting ring for limiting the movable line of the force transmission rod is fixed on the bottom plate.

[0013] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that the force transmission component includes a slide plate and a baffle plate, the slide plate is slidably installed in the opening, the elastic rope is connected to the slide plate, and the baffle plate is fixed to the slide plate and extends outwardly from the guide rail.

[0014] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that first buffer pads are respectively provided on both sides of the baffle plate.

[0015] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that the deceleration device body also includes at least one buffer assembly, which includes a fixed plate, an elastic member and a buffer plate, the fixed plate is fixed to the terminal end of the base plate, the first end of the elastic member is fixed to the fixed plate, the buffer plate is fixed to the second end of the elastic member, and the buffer plate faces the running section.

[0016] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that a second buffer pad is provided on a side of the buffer plate away from the elastic member.

[0017] A further improvement of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is that the deceleration device body also includes a deceleration belt assembly, the deceleration belt assembly includes a first deceleration belt and a second deceleration belt, the first deceleration belt is fixed on the guide rail and located at the deceleration section, and the second deceleration belt is fixed on the lower magnetic part and located at the deceleration section.

[0018] The application of the technical solution of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0019] The wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention realizes multiple measures to limit the running speed of the train through the deceleration belt assembly, force transmission assembly, magnetic assembly and buffer assembly in the deceleration device body, so that the scaled model of the train has a multi-stage buffer deceleration function, thereby realizing smooth deceleration of the train under different working conditions, and enabling the scaled model of the train to quickly decelerate and stop under the test conditions of different wind speeds, so as to facilitate the wind tunnel test of the running train under different wind speeds, explore the aerodynamic characteristics of the running train under extreme climate environments, and improve the existing theoretical model. In addition, compared with other deceleration devices, the multiple deceleration measures in the deceleration device body of the device are interconnected and cross-installed. It can save space to a large extent, can be placed in different laboratory environments, and improve the feasibility of the scaled model of the train in the wind tunnel under different speed test conditions, solving the technical problem that the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of the moving train under the action of wind force cannot be accurately studied in the prior art and the case deceleration is carried out.

[0020] In addition to the above-described purposes, features and advantages, the present invention has other purposes, features and advantages. The present invention will be further described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] The drawings constituting a part of this application are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0022] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the wind tunnel test train model speed reducer of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is an exploded front view of a wind tunnel test train model speed reducer of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 is an exploded side view of a wind tunnel test train model speed reducer of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structural decomposition of the deceleration section of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 The structure diagram of the magnetic component of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0027] Figure 6 The structure diagram of the magnetic component of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 ;

[0028] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the connection between the magnetic component and the force transmission component of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the force transmission component of the wind tunnel test train model speed reducer of the present invention;

[0030] Fig. 9 The structure of the buffer assembly of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 1 ;

[0031] Fig.10 The structure of the buffer assembly of the wind tunnel test train model deceleration device of the present invention is schematically shown. Figure 2 .

[0032] Among them, 1, bottom plate; 101, lower magnetic part; 102, boss; 2, top plate; 201, block; 202, upper magnetic part; 3, guide rail; 4, scale model of train; 401, slot; 5, magnetic assembly; 501, elastic rope; 502, force transmission rod; 503, first fixed magnet; 504, movable magnet; 505, second fixed magnet; 506, box body; 507, slide slot; 508, limit ring; 509, limit Positioning parts; 6. Force transmission assembly; 601. Opening; 602. Slide plate; 603. Blocking plate; 604. First buffer pad; 605. Extension rod; 7. Buffer assembly; 701. Fixed plate; 702. Elastic part; 703. Buffer plate; 704. Second buffer pad; 705. Support column; 8. Speed ​​reduction belt assembly; 801. First speed reduction belt; 802. Second speed reduction belt; A. Driving section; B. Speed ​​reduction section; C. Driving direction. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] See also Figure 1 to Figure 10 As shown, a wind tunnel test train scale model speed reducer comprises:

[0035] A bottom plate 1, on which a guide rail 3 and at least two lower magnetic members 101 are fixed in the axial direction, the guide rail 3 is located between two adjacent lower magnetic members 101, and the bottom plate 1 is divided into a running section A and a deceleration section B in the axial direction;

[0036] A top plate 2, the length of which is less than that of the bottom plate 1, the top plate 2 is located above the bottom plate 1 and the guide rail 3, an upper magnetic member 202 corresponding to the lower magnetic member 101 is fixed to the bottom surface of the top plate 2 along the length direction, a repulsive force is present between the upper magnetic member 202 and the lower magnetic member 101 in the driving section A, and an attractive force is present between the upper magnetic member 202 and the lower magnetic member 101 in the deceleration section B, and a train scale model 4 is fixed to the top surface of the top plate 2;

[0037] The deceleration device body includes a magnetic component 5 and a force transmission component 6. The force transmission component 6 is axially slidably installed on the guide rail 3. The magnetic component 5 is fixed on the bottom plate 1 at the position of the deceleration section B. The magnetic component 5 is connected to the force transmission component 6, and the magnetic component 5 provides the force transmission component 6 with a force opposite to the travel direction C of the train scale model 4. The train scale model 4 contacts the force transmission component 6 when decelerating.

[0038] Specifically, Figure 1~Figure 4 As shown, at least one clamping block 201 is fixed on the top surface of the top plate 2, and at least one clamping slot 401 for clamping on the clamping block 201 is provided at the bottom of the train scale model 4. In this embodiment, there are three clamping blocks 201, three clamping slots 401, and the clamping slots 401 are arranged one by one with the clamping blocks 201. The clamping blocks 201 and the clamping slots 401 are riveted to connect and fix the two so that they can slide on the guide rail 3 at the same speed.

[0039] The two ends of the top plate 2 can be connected to more top plates 2 to connect multiple sections of the train scale model 4; the two sides of the top plate 2 are streamlined to reduce aerodynamic interference. Figure 1The scaled model 4 of the train shown in the figure is a front model, and the tail model and the scaled model 4 of the middle section of the train can be designed according to the specific experimental needs, which can be used to simulate the wind-induced response of multiple sections of trains in wind tunnel tests. The bottom plate 1 is made of acrylic material, and the top plate 2 and the guide rail 3 are made of aluminum alloy material. The guide rail 3, the bottom plate 1 and the top plate 2 all have a certain scale ratio. The upper end of the guide rail 3 has a certain curvature and a smooth upper surface; the guide rail 3 is fixed on the bottom plate 1, and a groove for fixing the guide rail 3 is opened on the bottom plate 1. A boss 102 for fixing the lower magnetic part 101 is formed between the two grooves, and the length of the boss 102 is less than the length of the guide rail 3; the lower magnetic part 101 is fixed on the top surface of the left and right sides and the middle position of the bottom plate 1 to provide vertical magnetic force. The materials of the lower magnetic part 101 and the upper magnetic part 202 are both neodymium iron boron magnets. The bottom surface of the top plate 2 is provided with a groove with a certain curvature, which fits the top of the guide rail 3; the size of the top plate 2 is made according to the size of the guide rail 3 to ensure a smooth connection between the two; in the driving section A, a lubricant is applied between the top plate 2 and the guide rail 3, preferably industrial vaseline, to reduce the friction between them. The left and right sides of the bottom surface of the top plate 2 have a certain curvature, the purpose is to reduce the air resistance of the moving train in the wind tunnel laboratory; the left and right and middle areas of the bottom surface of the top plate 2 are fixed with upper magnetic parts 202. In the driving section A, the magnetism of the upper magnetic part 202 is the same as that of the lower magnetic part 101, so as to provide a certain mutual repulsion to offset the gravity of the top plate 2 and the train scale model 4, and to reduce friction resistance. In the deceleration section B, the magnetism of the upper magnetic part 202 at the bottom of the top plate 2 is opposite to that of the lower magnetic part 101 (providing attraction) to quickly decelerate the top plate 2.

[0040] Preferably, the number of the guide rails 3 is two, the two guide rails 3 are arranged in parallel, the number of the force transmission components 6 is two, the two force transmission components 6 are installed on the two guide rails 3 in a one-to-one correspondence and are located at an end away from the running section A, the guide rail 3 is provided with an opening 601 for sliding installation of the force transmission components 6, and the magnetic component 5 is located between the two guide rails 3 and at an end close to the running section A. The two guide rails 3 can make the top plate 2 and the scaled train model 4 more stable.

[0041] Preferably, Figure 5~Figure 7As shown, the magnetic assembly 5 includes a magnetic box, a force transmission rod 502 and an elastic rope 501. The elastic rope 501 is connected between the two force transmission assemblies 6. The first end of the force transmission rod 502 is connected to the magnetic box, and the second end of the force transmission rod 502 is connected to the elastic rope 501. The magnetic box is used to generate a force opposite to the driving direction C of the train scale model 4 and transmit it to the force transmission rod 502. Specifically, the magnetic box is fixed to the end of the boss 102 and is located at the position of the deceleration section B. Since the top plate 2 touches the force transmission assembly 6 during the deceleration process, a forward force is applied to the force transmission assembly 6, and the magnetic force generated by the magnetic box is a backward force. The backward force is transmitted to the elastic rope 501 through the force transmission rod 502, and the elastic rope 501 is then transmitted to the force transmission assembly 6, and its own elastic force is also transmitted to the force transmission assembly 6, thereby offsetting a part of the forward force of the top plate 2, thereby achieving the effect of decelerating the train scale model 4. The elastic rope 501 is preferably a spring rope.

[0042] Preferably, the magnetic box includes a box body 506, a movable magnet 504, a first fixed magnet 503 and a second fixed magnet 505, the first fixed magnet 503 and the second fixed magnet 505 are fixed at intervals in the box body 506, and the first fixed magnet 503 is located at one end close to the running section A, and the second fixed magnet 505 is located at an end away from the running section A, the movable magnet 504 slides between the first fixed magnet 503 and the second fixed magnet 505, there is an attractive force between the movable magnet 504 and the first fixed magnet 503, and there is a repulsive force between the movable magnet 504 and the second fixed magnet 505, the first end of the force transmission rod 502 is provided with a limit piece 509, and the force transmission rod 502 is penetrated by the box body 506, the second fixed magnet 505 and the movable magnet 504. Specifically, the bottom surface of the magnetic box is provided with a slide groove 507 for the movable magnet 504 to slide, the bottom surface of the slide groove 507 is semicircular, and the bottom of the movable magnet 504 is circularly matched with the slide groove 507. The second fixed magnet 505 and the movable magnet 504 are both provided with holes for the force transmission rod 502 to pass through. The force transmission rod 502 is made of stainless steel, and the limiter 509 is a circular rubber pad to restrict the movement of the movable magnet 504. When decelerating, the movable magnet 504 and the surrounding magnets generate a strong force in the opposite direction of the forward direction, which drives the force transmission rod 502 to move through the limiter 509, thereby transmitting to the elastic rope 501 and the force transmission component 6, thereby inhibiting the forward movement of the train. The box body 506 is made of acrylic material.

[0043] When the train does not enter the deceleration section B, the elastic rope 501 is in a natural expansion and contraction state; when the train enters the deceleration section B, the scaled model 4 of the train transmits force to the elastic rope 501 by colliding with the baffle plate 603, and the elastic rope 501 moves forward following the slide rail plate 602, causing the elastic rope 501 to stretch; the elastic rope 501 transmits force to the force transmission rod 502, and the force transmission rod 502 transmits force to the movable magnet 504; the movable magnet 504 generates a large repulsive force due to the change in distance, thereby inhibiting the movement of the force transmission rod 502; therefore, the elastic rope 501 limits the movement of the train through the repulsive force generated by the movable magnet 504.

[0044] Preferably, Figure 7 As shown, a limiting ring 508 for limiting the movable line of the force transmission rod 502 is fixed on the bottom plate 1. Specifically, the limiting ring 508 is made of stainless steel to ensure that the force transmission rod 502 moves along the train travel direction C. The second end of the force transmission rod 502 is connected to a connector, the bottom of the connector is a stainless steel cube, with a cylinder of a certain height in the middle (small radius), and the top is composed of a semicircular limiter; a circular rubber ring is placed in the middle cylindrical area to limit the elastic rope 501 from moving in the middle cylindrical area; the elastic rope 501 is connected to the left and right sides of the rubber ring, which can transmit the force of the train to the magnetic component 5.

[0045] Preferably, Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the force transmission assembly 6 includes a slide plate 602 and a baffle plate 603. The slide plate 602 is slidably installed in the opening 601. The elastic rope 501 is connected to the slide plate 602. The baffle plate is fixed to the slide plate 602 and extends outwardly from the guide rail 3. Specifically, the length direction of the opening 601 is arranged along the axial direction of the guide rail 3, and the top and bottom surfaces of the opening 601 are provided with sliding grooves, and the top and bottom surfaces of the slide plate 602 are provided with sliding blocks adapted to the sliding grooves, so that the slide plate 602 is limited to slide along the axial direction of the guide rail 3 in the sliding groove, and the slide plate 602 is connected to the elastic rope 501 to transmit the impact force of the train scale model 4; the relative outer sides of the two slide plates 602 are respectively provided with stainless steel extension rods 605, and the relative outer sides of the two extension rods 605 are fixed to the blocking plate 603, and the blocking plate 603 and the slide plate 602 are both made of stainless steel plates, and the corners of the blocking plate 603 are rounded.

[0046] Preferably, first buffer pads 604 are respectively provided on both sides of the blocking plate 603 to mitigate the impact force of the scaled train model 4 .

[0047] Preferably, Figure 8~Figure 10As shown, the deceleration device body also includes at least one buffer assembly 7, which includes a fixed plate 701, an elastic member 702 and a buffer plate 703. The fixed plate 701 is fixed to the terminal end of the base plate 1, the first end of the elastic member 702 is fixed to the fixed plate 701, and the buffer plate 703 is fixed to the second end of the elastic member 702. The buffer plate 703 faces the travel section A. Specifically, multiple buffer components 7 are placed in the middle and on both sides of the end area of ​​the deceleration section B. The buffer plates 703 of the buffer components 7 on both sides are circular, and the buffer plate 703 of the buffer component 7 in the middle is rectangular. At least one elastic member 702 is provided between the buffer plate 703 and the fixed plate 701. The elastic member 702 is a spring. A support column 705 for fixing the spring is provided on the fixed plate 701. The support column 705 is made of acrylic. The fixed plate 701 and the buffer plate 703 are made of stainless steel. The spring compression caused by the forward movement of the train scale model 4 provides a large reverse thrust, greatly slows down the speed of the train scale model 4, and ensures that the train scale model 4 can be stopped. The stiffness of the spring can be selected according to specific test requirements. A larger spring stiffness can enable the device to obtain a larger elastic potential energy (reverse thrust) and enable the train scale model 4 to obtain a larger deceleration buffer force. The length and radius of the elastic rope 501 are also determined according to the actual working conditions. A faster train uses an elastic rope 501 with higher strength and elasticity.

[0048] Preferably, a second buffer pad 704 is provided on the side of the buffer plate 703 away from the elastic member 702. The second buffer pad 704 is a rubber buffer pad, and the second buffer pad 704 is in contact with the front first buffer pad 604 to buffer the impact force of the train.

[0049] Preferably, Figure 4 As shown, the deceleration device body also includes a deceleration belt assembly 8, which includes a first deceleration belt 801 and a second deceleration belt 802. The first deceleration belt 801 is fixed on the guide rail 3 and located at the deceleration section B, and the second deceleration belt 802 is fixed on the lower magnetic member 101 and located at the deceleration section B. When the scaled model 4 of the train enters the deceleration section B, the semicircular groove at the bottom of the top plate 2 contacts the guide rail 3, and the deceleration belt assembly 8 can greatly increase the friction force to slow down the train speed, and can also avoid friction loss and heat caused by direct contact between two magnets with opposite magnetic properties.

[0050] When the scale model 4 of the train decelerates and stops, since the elastic rope 501 has been stretched to generate a large elastic potential energy, and the movable magnet 504 generates a repulsive force opposite to the train's travel direction C, the movable magnet 504 transmits the repulsive force to the force transmission rod 502, and the force transmission rod 502 transmits the force to the elastic rope 501, thereby pulling the slide rails 602 on both sides to move in the direction opposite to the train's travel direction C; the slide rails 602 push the top plate 2 to move in the direction opposite to the train's travel direction C, prompting the entire device to reset (balance).

[0051] The materials used in the present invention are mostly aluminum alloys, which have low density, light weight, high strength and do not react with NdFeB magnets; in addition, the magnets used in the above device are all NdFeB magnets, which have high magnetic properties and strong machinability. The connection between the components is fixed by strong glue or screws to ensure firmness and reliability.

[0052] The number of the first speed bump 801 and the second speed bump 802 on the guide rail 3 can be determined according to the specific test conditions. If the train scale model 4 is running at a high speed, the number of speed bumps can be increased to further slow down the running speed of the train scale model 4. Similarly, the length of the lower magnetic part 101 can also be adjusted according to the specific test conditions to adapt to the rapid test of the train scale model 4. The present invention can ensure that the test train can be decelerated smoothly in the smallest space, and ensure the smooth braking of the train during the test through a variety of buffer deceleration devices, thereby increasing the simulation feasibility of the test train under more conditions.

[0053] The wind tunnel test train scale model 4 deceleration device of the present invention is used to carry out wind tunnel tests of running trains under different wind speeds, explore the aerodynamic characteristics of running trains in extreme climate environments, and improve existing theoretical models. The wind tunnel test train scale model 4 deceleration device has a multi-stage buffer deceleration function, and uses a variety of measures to limit the running speed of the train, thereby achieving smooth deceleration of trains under different working conditions. In addition, compared with other deceleration devices, the device can greatly save space and can be placed in different laboratory environments, improving the feasibility of the train scale model 4 in the wind tunnel under different speed test conditions, and solving the technical problem that the existing technology cannot accurately study the flow field and aerodynamic characteristics of the moving train under the action of wind and perform case deceleration.

[0054] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wind tunnel test train model deceleration device, characterized in that: include: A bottom plate (1), a guide rail (3) and at least two lower magnetic members (101) being fixed axially on the bottom plate (1), the guide rail (3) being located between two adjacent lower magnetic members (101), and the bottom plate (1) being divided into a running section (A) and a deceleration section (B) along the axial direction; A top plate (2), wherein the length of the top plate (2) is shorter than the length of the bottom plate (1), the top plate (2) is located above the bottom plate (1) and the guide rail (3), an upper magnetic part (202) corresponding to the lower magnetic part (101) is fixed to the bottom surface of the top plate (2) along the length direction, a repulsive force is present between the upper magnetic part (202) and the lower magnetic part (101) in the running section (A), and an attractive force is present between the upper magnetic part (202) and the lower magnetic part (101) in the deceleration section (B), and a scaled train model (4) is fixed to the top surface of the top plate (2); A deceleration device body, the deceleration device body comprising a magnetic component (5) and a force transmission component (6), the force transmission component (6) being slidably mounted on the guide rail (3) along the axial direction, the magnetic component (5) being fixed on the bottom plate (1) at a position of the deceleration section (B), the magnetic component (5) being connected to the force transmission component (6), and the magnetic component (5) providing the force transmission component (6) with a force acting in the opposite direction to the travel direction (C) of the scaled train model (4), and the scaled train model (4) being in contact with the force transmission component (6) when decelerating; The number of the guide rails (3) is two, and the two guide rails (3) are arranged in parallel. The number of the force transmission components (6) is two, and the two force transmission components (6) are installed on the two guide rails (3) in a one-to-one correspondence and are located at an end away from the running section (A). The guide rail (3) is provided with an opening (601) for slidingly installing the force transmission components (6). The magnetic component (5) is located between the two guide rails (3) and at an end close to the running section (A). The magnetic assembly (5) comprises a magnetic box, a force transmission rod (502) and an elastic rope (501); the elastic rope (501) is connected between two force transmission assemblies (6); a first end of the force transmission rod (502) is connected to the magnetic box; a second end of the force transmission rod (502) is connected to the elastic rope (501); the magnetic box is used to generate a force opposite to the travel direction (C) of the scaled train model (4) and transmit the force to the force transmission rod (502).

2. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The magnetic box comprises a box body (506), a movable magnet (504), a first fixed magnet (503) and a second fixed magnet (505), wherein the first fixed magnet (503) and the second fixed magnet (505) are fixed in the box body (506) at intervals, and the first fixed magnet (503) is located at one end close to the running section (A), and the second fixed magnet (505) is located at one end away from the running section (A), the movable magnet (504) slides between the first fixed magnet (503) and the second fixed magnet (505), there is an attractive force between the movable magnet (504) and the first fixed magnet (503), and there is a repulsive force between the movable magnet (504) and the second fixed magnet (505), a limiting member (509) is provided at the first end of the force transmission rod (502), and the force transmission rod (502) is penetrated by the box body (506), the second fixed magnet (505) and the movable magnet (504).

3. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: A limiting ring (508) for limiting the movable path of the force transmission rod (502) is fixed on the bottom plate (1).

4. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The force transmission assembly (6) comprises a slide rail plate (602) and a baffle plate (603); the slide rail plate (602) is slidably installed in the opening (601); the elastic rope (501) is connected to the slide rail plate (602); the baffle plate (603) is fixed to the slide rail plate (602) and extends outward relative to the guide rail (3).

5. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 4, characterized in that: First buffer pads (604) are respectively provided on both sides of the blocking plate (603).

6. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deceleration device body further comprises at least one buffer assembly (7), wherein the buffer assembly (7) comprises a fixed plate (701), an elastic member (702) and a buffer plate (703), wherein the fixed plate (701) is fixed to the terminal end of the base plate (1), the first end of the elastic member (702) is fixed to the fixed plate (701), the buffer plate (703) is fixed to the second end of the elastic member (702), and the buffer plate (703) faces the travel section (A).

7. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 6, characterized in that: A second buffer pad (704) is provided on a side of the buffer plate (703) away from the elastic member (702).

8. The wind tunnel test train model speed reducer according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deceleration device body also includes a deceleration belt assembly (8), and the deceleration belt assembly (8) includes a first deceleration belt (801) and a second deceleration belt (802), wherein the first deceleration belt (801) is fixed on the guide rail (3) and is located at the deceleration section (B), and the second deceleration belt (802) is fixed on the lower magnetic part (101) and is located at the deceleration section (B).

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