Design method, device and equipment for miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tags

Abstract

The present application relates to a method, apparatus, and device for designing a miniaturized tag for an insect tracking harmonic radar. The method comprises: simulating multiple nonlinear elements at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit to obtain a first simulation result, and selecting a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition based on the first simulation result; establishing a geometric model of the tag antenna in second preset simulation software based on the target nonlinear element, running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluating the performance of the tag antenna based on the second simulation result. If the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the design parameters of the tag antenna. This method solves the problem that existing insect tags have difficulty meeting both size and conversion efficiency requirements simultaneously, effectively reducing the tag size and improving the tag conversion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a design method, device and equipment for a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag. Background Art

[0002] Insects are essential components of the normal functioning of ecosystems. Using information technology, we are deeply studying their behavioral patterns and habits, providing scientific guidance for beneficial insect farming, pest control, and habitat conservation. However, agricultural and forestry applications are complex and subject to numerous interfering factors. Furthermore, insects are tiny and highly mobile. Therefore, identifying individual insects and acquiring their activity information in real time, efficiently, accurately, and reliably within these complex environments is a key technical challenge facing related research.

[0003] With the development of radio frequency microwave technology, the unique phenomenon of nonlinear scattering has attracted the attention of researchers. Nonlinear scattering tracking technology, represented by harmonic radar, is a new cooperative radio detection technology that transmits and receives signals at different frequencies. This technology uses novel radio frequency tags to tag insects. By exploiting the frequency difference between the tag's nonlinear scattering echo (harmonics or intermodulation) and the incident fundamental frequency electromagnetic wave, it filters out linear scattering interference from complex environments (such as land, trees, and buildings) at the source. Nonlinear scattering insect tracking technology is expected to retain the common advantages of radio detection methods, such as high measurement accuracy, strong real-time detection, and long-term monitoring capabilities, while also possessing strong resistance to clutter interference and environmental adaptability, enabling precise tracking of insect targets in complex agricultural and forestry environments.

[0004] Harmonic radar is a specialized radar system consisting of a radar transceiver and a specially designed harmonic tag. It operates by transmitting a fundamental frequency signal and receiving a harmonic signal from the tag. Compared to conventional radar, it has significantly stronger immunity to clutter. Harmonic radar has a wide range of applications, including insect tracking in complex environments like forests and fields, search and rescue in avalanche situations, temperature and humidity measurement, vital sign detection, wireless liquid sensing, and indoor device detection.

[0005] The application of harmonic radar began in 1973, when RCA designed a vehicle-mounted, anti-collision harmonic radar system to measure vehicle speed and distance. In the late 20th century, harmonic radar attracted the attention of entomologists for its excellent anti-interference capabilities, and harmonic radar was used to track insects.

[0006] For the application of harmonic radar in insect tracking, insect tag design is one of the key technologies. Currently, tags are mainly divided into monopole linear tags, dipole linear tags, and printed tags. The monopole linear tag consists of a monopole antenna and a diode, and is shaped like a whip. It is placed on the body of a beetle and successfully completed the first insect tracking experiment. The dipole linear tag consists of a dipole antenna and a diode, and its detection range is improved compared to the performance of the monopole linear tag. The printed tag consists of a dielectric substrate and a patch antenna, which reduces the height of the tag and reduces the weight of the insect tag. However, existing insect tags affect the detection of insect behavior experiments in different aspects, making it difficult to find tags with suitable size, conversion efficiency, and other aspects for insect tracking. Therefore, it is necessary to improve insect tags to address the above-mentioned issues. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The present application provides a method, device and equipment for designing a miniaturized tag for an insect tracking harmonic radar to solve the problem that existing insect tags are difficult to simultaneously meet the requirements of size and conversion efficiency, effectively reducing the size of the tag and improving the conversion efficiency of the tag.

[0008] The first embodiment of the present application provides a method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag, comprising the following steps:

[0009] Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected based on the first simulation result;

[0010] Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in a second preset simulation software, and a simulation is performed on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition is evaluated according to the second simulation result;

[0011] If the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the design parameters of the tag antenna.

[0012] According to one embodiment of the present application, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected based on the first simulation result, including:

[0013] Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, the harmonic signal generated by each nonlinear element is simulated and analyzed in sequence by a first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal strength;

[0014] Based on the first preset simulation software, the plurality of nonlinear elements are simulated to obtain a conversion loss of each nonlinear element at the preset insect tag operating frequency;

[0015] A nonlinear element with the highest signal strength and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements is selected as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

[0016] According to one embodiment of the present application, establishing a geometric model of the tag antenna in a second preset simulation software based on the target nonlinear element includes:

[0017] Determining the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and setting the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna;

[0018] Based on a preset insect tag operating frequency, setting a simulation frequency range and a step size for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and the excitation;

[0019] According to the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size is meshed, and based on the preset solver and solution parameters, the geometric model is established according to the meshing results.

[0020] According to one embodiment of the present application, running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluating whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition based on the second simulation result, includes:

[0021] Running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain S parameters of the tag antenna, a gain of the tag antenna, a radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and a standing wave ratio of the tag antenna;

[0022] If the S parameter is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the gain is greater than the second preset threshold, the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is in a preset range, then it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; otherwise, it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna does not meet the second preset condition.

[0023] According to one embodiment of the present application, after manufacturing the insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna, the method further includes:

[0024] Testing the performance of the insect tag based on a preset test device, and verifying whether the performance of the insect tag is consistent with a preset simulation result;

[0025] If the performance of the insect tag is inconsistent with the preset simulation result, the performance of the insect tag is optimized until the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation result.

[0026] According to the miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design method of the present invention, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated using first preset simulation software, and a target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition is selected. Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to evaluate the tag antenna's performance. If the tag antenna's performance meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the tag antenna's design parameters. This solves the problem of existing insect tags struggling to simultaneously meet both size and conversion efficiency requirements, effectively reducing the tag's size while improving its conversion efficiency.

[0027] A second embodiment of the present application provides a miniaturized tag design device for insect tracking harmonic radar, comprising:

[0028] a component determination module, configured to simulate a plurality of nonlinear components at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, obtain a first simulation result, and select a target nonlinear component that meets a first preset condition based on the first simulation result;

[0029] a simulation evaluation module, configured to establish a geometric model of the tag antenna in a second preset simulation software based on the target nonlinear element, run a simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluate whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition based on the second simulation result;

[0030] The tag making module is configured to make an insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna if the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition.

[0031] According to one embodiment of the present application, the component determination module is configured to:

[0032] Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, the harmonic signal generated by each nonlinear element is simulated and analyzed in sequence by a first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal strength;

[0033] Based on the first preset simulation software, the plurality of nonlinear elements are simulated to obtain a conversion loss of each nonlinear element at the preset insect tag operating frequency;

[0034] A nonlinear element with the highest signal strength and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements is selected as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present application, the simulation evaluation module is used to:

[0036] Determining the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and setting the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna;

[0037] Based on a preset insect tag operating frequency, setting a simulation frequency range and a step size for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and the excitation;

[0038] According to the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size is meshed, and based on the preset solver and solution parameters, the geometric model is established according to the meshing results.

[0039] According to one embodiment of the present application, the simulation evaluation module is used to:

[0040] Running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain S parameters of the tag antenna, a gain of the tag antenna, a radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and a standing wave ratio of the tag antenna;

[0041] If the S parameter is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the gain is greater than the second preset threshold, the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is in a preset range, then it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; otherwise, it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna does not meet the second preset condition.

[0042] According to one embodiment of the present application, after manufacturing the insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna, the tag manufacturing module is further configured to:

[0043] Testing the performance of the insect tag based on a preset test device, and verifying whether the performance of the insect tag is consistent with a preset simulation result;

[0044] If the performance of the insect tag is inconsistent with the preset simulation result, the performance of the insect tag is optimized until the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation result.

[0045] According to the miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design device of the present invention, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated using first preset simulation software, and a target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition is selected. Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to evaluate the tag antenna's performance. If the tag antenna's performance meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the tag antenna's design parameters. This solves the problem of existing insect tags that struggle to simultaneously meet both size and conversion efficiency requirements, effectively reducing the tag's size while improving its conversion efficiency.

[0046] The third aspect of the present application provides an electronic device, including: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag as described in the above embodiment.

[0047] The fourth aspect of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which is executed by a processor to implement the insect tracking harmonic radar miniaturization tag design method as described in the above embodiment.

[0048] Additional aspects and advantages of the present application will be given in part in the description below, and in part will become apparent from the description below, or will be learned through practice of the present application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0050] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0051] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of a miniaturized and efficient insect tag according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0052] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing simulation results of a method for selecting a frequency multiplying component according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0053] Figure 4 A comparison diagram of Schottky diode conversion losses according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0054] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the topological structure of an insect tag antenna according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0055] Figure 6 1 is an equivalent circuit diagram of an insect tag according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0056] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of simulation results of an insect tag equivalent circuit according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0057] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of a prototype for processing a miniaturized and efficient insect tag according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0058] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of an indoor test site according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0059] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of the setup environment for a field experiment of a harmonic radar insect detection tag according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0060] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the results of field experiments testing insect tags according to one embodiment of the present application;

[0061] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of a block diagram of a design device for a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0062] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0063] The following describes in detail embodiments of the present application. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present application, and should not be construed as limiting the present application.

[0064] The following describes, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a method, apparatus, and device for designing a miniaturized insect-tracking harmonic radar tag according to an embodiment of the present application. To address the problem mentioned in the background art above, which states that existing insect tags have difficulty simultaneously meeting both size and conversion efficiency requirements, the present application provides a method for designing a miniaturized insect-tracking harmonic radar tag. In this method, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated using first preset simulation software, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected. Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to evaluate the tag antenna's performance. If the tag antenna's performance meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured based on the tag antenna's design parameters. This solves the problem of existing insect tags having difficulty simultaneously meeting both size and conversion efficiency requirements, effectively reducing the tag's size and improving its conversion efficiency.

[0065] Specifically, Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0066] like Figure 1 As shown, the design method of the insect tracking harmonic radar miniaturized tag includes the following steps:

[0067] In step S101, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated at a preset insect tag operating frequency using a first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected based on the first simulation result.

[0068] Furthermore, in some embodiments, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated at a preset insect tag operating frequency through a first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected based on the first simulation result, including: based on the preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, the harmonic signal generated by each nonlinear element is simulated and analyzed in turn through the first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal intensity; based on the first preset simulation software, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated to obtain the conversion loss of each nonlinear element at the preset insect tag operating frequency; and the nonlinear element with the highest signal intensity and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements is selected as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

[0069] Among them, the first preset simulation software can be ADS (Advanced Design System) software, and the preset insect tag working frequency can refer to the working frequency commonly used in harmonic radar tracking insect experiments, and the fundamental frequency of the harmonic radar is set to 5.5 GHz.

[0070] It is understandable that after the insect tag receives the 5.5GHz fundamental frequency signal sent by the harmonic radar, a second harmonic signal is generated by the nonlinear element. The selection principle of the nonlinear element is an important part of the tag design. Selecting a suitable nonlinear element can effectively improve the working efficiency of the insect tag. In order to generate a nonlinear frequency with a high signal strength from the transmitting antenna of the insect tag, a nonlinear element is required to provide power, such as a diode or a transistor. The nonlinear element is usually used in the tag, connecting the receiving antenna and the transmitting antenna of the tag to generate the required multiples of the input frequency. For example, different active or passive nonlinear frequency generators such as diodes, transistors, and CMOS have this function. From the perspective of operating frequency, frequency multiplication factor, size, and whether additional energy is required, choosing a diode as the frequency multiplier of the passive tag is the best choice. Therefore, the nonlinear element of the embodiment of the present application can be a diode.

[0071] Specifically, the fundamental frequency and harmonic frequency of the insect tag are determined according to the commonly used working frequencies in harmonic radar tracking insect experiments (such as fundamental frequency 5.5GHz, harmonic frequency 11GHz), and the fundamental frequency and harmonic frequency of the insect tag are established. Figure 2 The circuit model of the preset Schottky diode shown is used to simulate the characteristics of different Schottky diodes through a first preset simulation software (such as ADS software).

[0072] Furthermore, first, the harmonic signals generated by the diode are simulated and analyzed by the first preset simulation software, such as Figure 3 As shown, from Figure 3 It can be seen that the second harmonic signal has the strongest signal strength compared with other harmonic frequencies. Secondly, the conversion loss of each diode at the preset insect tag base frequency (such as 5.5GHz) is evaluated by simulation, and the conversion losses between different diodes are compared. The diode with the smallest conversion loss is selected as the target nonlinear element of this application, thereby completing the selection of diodes. In the embodiment of this application, several diodes commonly used in tags are selected for conversion loss comparison. The conversion loss comparison results are shown in Figure 2. Figure 4 As shown, the conversion loss of different diodes varies according to the operating frequency, from Figure 4 It can be seen that under the same conditions, the SMS-7630 diode has the smallest conversion loss.

[0073] Therefore, the characteristics of different Schottky diodes were simulated through ADS software, and their conversion losses at a specified fundamental operating frequency were evaluated, thus ensuring that the selected diodes had a high conversion efficiency.

[0074] In step S102, based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in a second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to obtain a second simulation result, and the performance of the tag antenna is evaluated based on the second simulation result to determine whether it meets the second preset condition.

[0075] The second preset simulation software may be electromagnetic simulation software HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator).

[0076] Furthermore, in some embodiments, based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in a second preset simulation software, including: determining the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and setting the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna; based on the preset insect tag operating frequency, setting the simulation frequency range and step size for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and excitation; based on the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, meshing the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size, and establishing a geometric model based on the meshing results based on the preset solver and solution parameters.

[0077] Specifically, the maximum physical size of the insect tag is determined according to the size of the insect, and the required working frequency band of the insect tag is determined. A preliminary geometric model of the tag antenna is established in a second preset simulation software (such as HFSS), such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, the basic shape and size of the tag antenna are determined according to the maximum physical size of the insect tag. The material properties such as dielectric constant and conductivity are set for the copper sheet and dielectric substrate in the tag antenna model. The boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna are also set to ensure that the simulation geometric model is consistent with the actual application.

[0078] Furthermore, the simulation frequency range and step size are set based on the tag antenna's operating frequency band to ensure coverage. For example, if the tag antenna operates at 5.5 GHz, the simulation frequency range can be from 5 GHz to 6 GHz. The step size should be small enough to ensure accurate simulation results. The meshing should be tailored to the tag's complexity and accuracy requirements. For example, a more complex tag antenna structure requires a finer mesh to ensure accurate simulation results.

[0079] Furthermore, the second preset simulation software provides a variety of solvers. Those skilled in the art can select a suitable solver according to the specific type of tag antenna and set parameters such as the number of solution iterations and convergence criteria as needed.

[0080] Furthermore, in some embodiments, a simulation is performed on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and whether the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition is evaluated based on the second simulation result, including: running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain the S parameters of the tag antenna, the gain of the tag antenna, the radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and the standing wave ratio of the tag antenna; if the S parameter is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, and the gain is greater than the second preset threshold, and the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is in the preset range, then it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; otherwise, it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna does not meet the second preset condition.

[0081] Optionally, the first preset threshold can be -15dB; it is understandable that the greater the gain, the better, but considering the small size of the tag antenna, the second preset threshold can be set to 2dBi; the preset interval can be between 1-2, which is not specifically limited here.

[0082] Specifically, the geometric model is simulated based on the second preset simulation software to obtain performance parameters of the tag antenna, such as the S parameters of the tag antenna, the gain of the tag antenna, the radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and the standing wave ratio of the tag antenna.

[0083] Furthermore, whether the performance of the tag antenna satisfies a second preset condition is determined based on the S parameters of the tag antenna, the gain of the tag antenna, the radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and the standing wave ratio of the tag antenna. In this embodiment of the application, if the S parameters of the tag antenna are less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the gain is greater than the second preset threshold, the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is within a preset range, the performance of the tag antenna is determined to satisfy the second preset condition. Otherwise, the performance of the tag antenna is determined to not satisfy the second preset condition.

[0084] In addition, the embodiment of the present application also establishes a tag equivalent circuit in ADS based on the antenna equivalent circuit theory. The tag equivalent circuit is as follows: Figure 6 As shown, select the required circuit elements and ports from the ADS component library, edit the calculated values ​​to the corresponding parameter values, add ports at the input and output positions of the circuit for excitation and measurement, use the connection tool to connect the circuit elements, select the S parameter simulation for analyzing the circuit frequency response and impedance matching, set the simulation parameters and define the port values. After the simulation is completed, view the S parameters of the circuit and analyze the performance indicators of the equivalent circuit. The simulation results of the label equivalent circuit of the embodiment of the present application are shown in Figure 1. Figure 7 As shown, from Figure 7 It can be seen that the ADS circuit simulation results are basically consistent with the HFSS simulation results, which shows that the tag has good working performance.

[0085] Therefore, the present embodiment calculates and designs the tag antenna structure based on the current distribution of the folded tag antenna. By folding the tag antenna structure, the tag size is reduced. A preliminary model of the tag antenna is established using the electromagnetic simulation software HFSS, and simulation optimization is performed to ensure that the tag antenna meets the requirements of antenna gain, standing wave ratio, and efficiency while being miniaturized. Furthermore, by designing an appropriate matching network, a good impedance match is achieved between the tag antenna and the diode. A tag model simulation is established in ADS to evaluate the tag's operating performance.

[0086] In step S103, if the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the design parameters of the tag antenna.

[0087] Specifically, if the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition, the insect tag is manufactured according to the design parameters of the insect tag after simulation optimization.

[0088] For example, the embodiment of the present application can create a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) design project in Altium Designer, import the DXF format file exported from HFSS into Altium Designer, perform PCB layout, define the thickness and material of each layer, set the PCB stacking structure, and generate production files. Then, perform design rule checking to ensure that the PCB design meets the manufacturing requirements, generate Gerber files and drilling files for production, select a suitable PCB manufacturer based on project requirements, ensure that it has high-precision and high-quality production capabilities, submit the generated Gerber files and drilling files to the PCB manufacturer, confirm the manufacturing details and optimized label design, and prepare for mass production, wherein the label processing physical label such as Figure 8 shown.

[0089] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after the insect tag is manufactured according to the design parameters of the tag antenna, it also includes: testing the performance of the insect tag based on a preset test device, and verifying whether the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation results; if the performance of the insect tag is inconsistent with the preset simulation results, optimizing the performance of the insect tag until the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation results.

[0090] Specifically, embodiments of the present application can use equipment such as a vector network analyzer and a signal source to test the performance of the insect tag, verifying whether its actual performance is consistent with the preset simulation results, and based on the test results, make necessary adjustments and improvements to further optimize the tag performance. Furthermore, embodiments of the present application can also conduct field experiments using harmonic radar to illuminate the tag, evaluating its performance under different environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, to ensure its reliability and stability in actual applications. Finally, based on the adjusted, improved, and measured insect tag, the final insect tag structure and parameters can be determined.

[0091] For example, the platform built indoors in the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 9 As shown, an indoor laboratory with low interference and a controlled environment was selected as the indoor venue. An antenna was connected to the output interface of the signal transmitter via an RF cable. The signal source's transmission frequency (the frequency of which is the tag's operating fundamental frequency) and intensity were set. The antenna was also connected to the input of a spectrum analyzer via an RF cable. The spectrum analyzer's frequency range and appropriate RBW (Resolution Bandwidth) were set to obtain a clear spectrum, and the reference level was set so that the signal did not exceed the dynamic range of the spectrum analyzer. The transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna aperture were parallel. The passive tag was placed on foam at a test distance of 1m. The tag's operating frequency and its harmonic frequencies were scanned on the spectrum analyzer. The spectrum data displayed by the spectrum analyzer, including the amplitude and frequency of the fundamental frequency and each order of harmonics, was recorded. The amplitudes and relative intensities of the fundamental frequency and harmonics were analyzed to evaluate the tag's performance and check for interference signals or noise that could affect the tag's signal reception.

[0092] For further example, the field experiment setting environment of the embodiment of the present application is as follows Figure 10 As shown, an open, low-interference outdoor location was selected to ensure the radar system could function properly. The harmonic radar's transmit and receive frequencies were set to ensure it could receive the harmonic signal reflected by the tag. The transmit and receive antennas were installed and oriented to align with the tag. The tag was then mounted on the target object, ensuring it was within the radar's effective coverage area.

[0093] After the tag is installed, turn on the radar system, adjust the position and angle of the transmitting and receiving antennas, ensure normal signal transmission and receive the reflected harmonic signal to optimize signal reception. Use the harmonic radar receiver to record the received harmonic signal strength and frequency, change the position of the tag, test the signal reflection and reception under different conditions, and record the harmonic signal data received at different positions, including signal strength and distance. Use the radar system and software to process the data, analyze the reflection characteristics and harmonic generation effects of the tag, and evaluate the impact of environmental factors (such as obstacles, reflective surfaces, weather, etc.) on the signal. The results of the insect tag tested in the field experiment setup environment of the embodiment of the present application are as follows. Figure 11 shown.

[0094] Ultimately, through the above steps, the performance of insect tags in different environments can be comprehensively evaluated, and the insect tag structure can be optimized based on the experimental results in actual measurements.

[0095] Therefore, the present invention fully considers the problem that insect tags are easily entangled with vegetation during insect movement. Through the folding structure design, the insect tag is miniaturized, which can effectively prevent the insect tag from being entangled with plants. In addition, the present invention analyzes the principle of frequency doubling components and adopts a device selection simulation method to reduce the conversion loss of the insect tag, improve the conversion efficiency of the insect tag, and can enhance the harmonic signal, thereby further increasing the detection distance of the harmonic radar.

[0096] According to the miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design method of the present invention, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated using first preset simulation software, and a target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition is selected. Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to evaluate the tag antenna's performance. If the tag antenna's performance meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the tag antenna's design parameters. This solves the problem that existing insect tags struggle to simultaneously meet both size and conversion efficiency requirements and are prone to entanglement with vegetation. By utilizing this nonlinear element selection method and adopting a folding structure, the conversion efficiency of the insect tag can be effectively improved and the tag's size can be reduced.

[0097] Next, a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design device according to an embodiment of the present application will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0098] Figure 12 1 is a block diagram of a miniaturized tag design device for insect tracking harmonic radar according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0099] like Figure 12As shown, the insect tracking harmonic radar miniaturized label design device 10 includes: a component determination module 100 , a simulation evaluation module 200 and a label production module 300 .

[0100] Among them, the component determination module 100 is used to simulate multiple nonlinear components at a preset insect tag operating frequency based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit through a first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and select a target nonlinear component that meets the first preset condition based on the first simulation result; the simulation evaluation module 200 is used to establish a geometric model of the tag antenna in a second preset simulation software based on the target nonlinear element, run a simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluate whether the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition based on the second simulation result; the tag production module 300 is used to produce an insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna if the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition.

[0101] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the element determination module 100 is used to: based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, sequentially simulate and analyze the harmonic signals generated by each nonlinear element through a first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal strength; based on the first preset simulation software, simulate multiple nonlinear elements to obtain the conversion loss of each nonlinear element at a preset insect tag operating frequency; and select the nonlinear element with the highest signal strength and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

[0102] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the simulation evaluation module 200 is used to: determine the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and set the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna; based on the preset insect tag operating frequency, set the simulation frequency range and step size for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and excitation; based on the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, mesh the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size, and establish a geometric model according to the meshing results based on the preset solver and solution parameters.

[0103] Furthermore, in some embodiments, the simulation evaluation module 200 is used to: run a simulation on the geometric model to obtain the S parameters of the tag antenna, the gain of the tag antenna, the radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and the standing wave ratio of the tag antenna; if the S parameter is less than or equal to a first preset threshold, and the gain is greater than a second preset threshold, and the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is in a preset range, then it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; otherwise, it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna does not meet the second preset condition.

[0104] Furthermore, in some embodiments, after the insect tag is produced according to the design parameters of the tag antenna, the tag production module 300 is also used to: test the performance of the insect tag based on a preset test device, and verify whether the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation results; if the performance of the insect tag is inconsistent with the preset simulation results, the performance of the insect tag is optimized until the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation results.

[0105] It should be noted that the above explanation of the embodiment of the method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag is also applicable to the miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0106] According to the miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag design device of the present invention, based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated using first preset simulation software, and a target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition is selected. Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in second preset simulation software, and the geometric model is simulated to evaluate the tag antenna's performance. If the tag antenna's performance meets the second preset condition, an insect tag is manufactured according to the tag antenna's design parameters. This solves the problem of existing insect tags that struggle to simultaneously meet both size and conversion efficiency requirements, effectively reducing the tag's size while improving its conversion efficiency.

[0107] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of the present application. The electronic device may include:

[0108] Memory 1301 , processor 1302 , and computer programs stored in the memory 1301 and executable on the processor 1302 .

[0109] When the processor 1302 executes the program, the method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag provided in the above embodiment is implemented.

[0110] Furthermore, the electronic device further includes:

[0111] The communication interface 1303 is used for communication between the memory 1301 and the processor 1302 .

[0112] The memory 1301 is used to store computer programs that can be run on the processor 1302 .

[0113] The memory 1301 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0114] If the memory 1301, processor 1302, and communication interface 1303 are implemented independently, the communication interface 1303, memory 1301, and processor 1302 can be connected to each other via a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Figure 13 Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or one type of bus.

[0115] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 1301, the processor 1302 and the communication interface 1303 are integrated on a chip, the memory 1301, the processor 1302 and the communication interface 1303 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0116] The processor 1302 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present application.

[0117] An embodiment of the present application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned method for designing a miniaturized tag for an insect tracking harmonic radar.

[0118] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in this specification and features of different embodiments or examples without contradiction.

[0119] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. Throughout the description of this application, "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0120] Although the embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations on the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A design method for a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, multiple nonlinear elements are simulated at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition is selected based on the first simulation result; Based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in a second preset simulation software, and a simulation is performed on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition is evaluated according to the second simulation result; If the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition, manufacturing the insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna; Among them, based on the target nonlinear element, a geometric model of the tag antenna is established in the second preset simulation software, including: determining the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and setting the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna; based on the preset insect tag operating frequency, setting the simulation frequency range and step size for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and excitation; according to the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, meshing the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size, and establishing the geometric model according to the meshing result based on the preset solver and solution parameters.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The method of simulating a plurality of nonlinear elements based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software to obtain a first simulation result, and selecting a target nonlinear element that meets a first preset condition based on the first simulation result, includes: Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, the harmonic signal generated by each nonlinear element is simulated and analyzed in sequence by a first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal strength; Based on the first preset simulation software, the plurality of nonlinear elements are simulated to obtain a conversion loss of each nonlinear element at the preset insect tag operating frequency; A nonlinear element with the highest signal strength and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements is selected as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The running simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluating whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition according to the second simulation result, includes: Running a simulation on the geometric model to obtain S parameters of the tag antenna, a gain of the tag antenna, a radiation pattern of the tag antenna, and a standing wave ratio of the tag antenna; If the S parameter is less than or equal to the first preset threshold, the gain is greater than the second preset threshold, the radiation pattern is omnidirectional, and the standing wave ratio is in a preset range, then it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; otherwise, it is determined that the performance of the tag antenna does not meet the second preset condition.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein After manufacturing the insect tag according to the design parameters of the tag antenna, the method further includes: Testing the performance of the insect tag based on a preset test device, and verifying whether the performance of the insect tag is consistent with a preset simulation result; If the performance of the insect tag is inconsistent with the preset simulation result, the performance of the insect tag is optimized until the performance of the insect tag is consistent with the preset simulation result.

5. A miniaturized tag design device for insect tracking harmonic radar, characterized in that: include: a component determination module, configured to simulate a plurality of nonlinear components at a preset insect tag operating frequency using first preset simulation software based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, obtain a first simulation result, and select a target nonlinear component that meets a first preset condition based on the first simulation result; a simulation evaluation module, configured to establish a geometric model of the tag antenna in a second preset simulation software based on the target nonlinear element, run a simulation on the geometric model to obtain a second simulation result, and evaluate whether the performance of the tag antenna meets a second preset condition based on the second simulation result; a tag making module, configured to make an insect tag according to design parameters of the tag antenna if the performance of the tag antenna meets the second preset condition; The simulation evaluation module is used to determine the size and material properties of the tag antenna according to the size of the insect, and to set the boundary conditions and excitation of the tag antenna; Based on the preset insect tag operating frequency, the simulation frequency range and step size are set for the tag antenna after setting the boundary conditions and excitation; according to the complexity and accuracy requirements of the insect tag, the tag antenna after setting the simulation frequency range and step size is meshed, and based on the preset solver and solution parameters, the geometric model is established according to the meshing results.

6. The device according to claim 5, characterized in that The component determination module is used to: Based on a preset Schottky diode equivalent circuit, the harmonic signal generated by each nonlinear element is simulated and analyzed in sequence by a first preset simulation software to determine the harmonic signal with the highest signal strength; Based on the first preset simulation software, the plurality of nonlinear elements are simulated to obtain a conversion loss of each nonlinear element at the preset insect tag operating frequency; A nonlinear element with the highest signal strength and the lowest conversion loss among the multiple nonlinear elements is selected as the target nonlinear element that meets the first preset condition.

7. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag according to any one of claims 1 to 4.

8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the method for designing a miniaturized insect tracking harmonic radar tag as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

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