A kind of seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a seedling matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the seedling matrix comprises the following raw materials by weight: 10-20 parts of mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material, 10-20 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut chaff, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of modified diatomite, and 10-20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder. The present invention is compounded by a plurality of specific raw materials in a certain ratio, with perlite, coconut chaff, peat, and modified diatomite as main raw materials, so that the obtained seedling matrix has good water absorption and water-retaining air permeability, and the polyurethane sponge powder of specific particle size and density is added, which can increase the ventilation porosity of the matrix, improve the water absorption speed of the matrix, thereby improving the root growth environment of crops, and supplemented with mushroom residue chicken manure fermented material, improve the organic matter content of the matrix, and can fully meet the needs of plant growth.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling cultivation substrates, and in particular relates to a seedling cultivation substrate containing polyurethane auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Traditional crop cultivation generally uses soil for cultivation, while soilless cultivation is a new method of crop cultivation that does not use traditional soil. Common soilless cultivation methods are mainly hydroponics and matrix cultivation, and the corresponding cultivation matrix is ​​nutrient solution, solid matrix, etc., so as to replace the soil environment with an artificially created crop root environment. Soilless cultivation technology is the future trend of agricultural development and has been widely used. Compared with traditional soil crop planting technology, soilless cultivation technology can not only meet the needs of crops for nutrients, water, air and other conditions, but also regulate these conditions to obtain better growth conditions, which is conducive to better growth of crops.

[0003] Common seedling substrates are made of peat, vermiculite and perlite in a certain proportion. Because peat is rich in humus, has a rich fibrous structure, good permeability, and excellent water and fertilizer retention capacity, it is generally considered to be one of the best substrate nutrient soil materials today. Although peat has many advantages as a substrate nutrient soil, it also has many problems, such as high price, non-renewable, and environmental damage during the mining process. In addition, as an important component of the soil carbon pool, limiting its mining has been regarded as an important measure to reduce carbon emissions. Perlite has a strong water absorption capacity, but perlite has poor water resistance and is easy to pulverize; vermiculite is also easy to pulverize over time; and long-term use of a certain substrate raw material will also reduce the air permeability and water retention of the cultivation substrate, which is not conducive to plant growth and development.

[0004] Chinese patent application CN105325269A discloses an artificial composite cultivation matrix and a preparation method thereof. The artificial composite cultivation matrix is ​​made of the following raw materials by weight: 100 parts of cement, 5-10 parts of perlite, 1-2 parts of cement foaming agent, and 50-70 parts of water. The artificial composite cultivation matrix has a loose and porous structure, a porosity of 30-50%, and a bulk density of 200-500 kg / m 3, with excellent air permeability and water and fertilizer retention. The physical properties of the matrix can be regulated by adjusting the amount of perlite and water, and the chemical properties are stable, the pH is nearly neutral, it is easy to disinfect, and the cost is low. It can be used in conjunction with nutrient solution for soilless cultivation. The plant roots can be partially distributed on the moist surface of the matrix and partially penetrate below the surface of the nutrient solution, which effectively solves the defect of insufficient oxygen supply to the rhizosphere in nutrient solution culture, promotes the growth and development of plant roots, and increases the growth rate of plants. However, the matrix uses foamed cement as the base, which has problems such as excessive strength, low porosity, insufficient water retention and absorption rate, and the need to be used with nutrient solution. It cannot well solve the relationship between water, air and nutrients required for plant growth.

[0005] At the same time, the existing seedling substrates mostly use a combination of organic materials and fillers. Organic materials commonly used include moss, pine bark, wood chips, sawdust, peanut shells, bagasse, leaves, bark, etc., and fillers include gravel, bricks, peat, perlite, etc. The most widely used organic materials are pine bark and broad-leaved bark, but due to their high cellulose content and high fiber crystallinity, they have uneven water absorption, the upper part is prone to dryness and the lower part is wet, which can easily cause the roots of the plants to rot and carry diseases, which is not conducive to the rooting and survival of seedlings.

[0006] Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a seedling medium with good adsorption, water absorption, water retention and air permeability to improve the growth environment of crop roots. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials and a preparation method thereof.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0009] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0010] 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 10-20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0011] Preferably, a seedling substrate containing polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following raw materials by weight:

[0012] 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 10-20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0013] In the present invention, the seedling culture medium is composed of a variety of specific raw materials in specific proportions, which can fully meet the needs of plant growth; the added mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material can increase the organic matter content of the matrix, and the added coconut bran and peat have good water and fertilizer retention capabilities, which are beneficial to maintaining the moisture and nutrient balance of the matrix; inorganic materials such as perlite and modified diatomaceous earth can improve the physical structure of the matrix, increase air permeability and water retention, and can also improve the sustained release performance of the matrix and enhance the stability of the matrix; the added polyurethane sponge powder can increase the looseness and air permeability of the matrix and improve the water retention capacity of the matrix.

[0014] Preferably, the preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0015] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and then 0.4-0.7% of medical stone by weight of the mixture and 0.3-0.6% of ferrous sulfate by weight of the mixture are added, and then 0.5-1% of the mixture by weight of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after mixing evenly, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1-2m, a height of 0.6-1m, and a length of about 1-3m, and the initial moisture content is controlled at 50-60%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%, and after the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0016] Preferably, the mushroom residue is Pleurotus eryngii residue; the moisture content of the mushroom residue is 25-30%, and the moisture content of the chicken manure is 40-50%; the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the chicken manure is 60-70:30-40, the stacking fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C.

[0017] In the present invention, mushroom residue and chicken manure are fermented together, and macromolecular organic matter is degraded by the action of microorganisms, while a large amount of heat is released, and pathogenic microorganisms, roundworm eggs, pest eggs, weed seeds, etc. are killed by high temperature, thereby achieving harmless and resourceful treatment of waste; on the other hand, medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added during fermentation, and medical stone absorbs nitrogen in compost through physical adsorbent to reduce nitrogen loss, and ferrous sulfate can directly react with ammonia-containing substances in compost to generate complexes, reduce odor, and accelerate compost maturity. The combined action of the two can promote the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus, and increase the organic matter content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material.

[0018] Preferably, the particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 10-15 kg / m 3 .

[0019] In the present invention, the perlite, peat and polyurethane sponge powder used are compounded with specific particle size and density, which can make the matrix have excellent water absorption and water retention rate, increase the air permeability of the matrix, and prevent the problem of easy root rot during seedling cultivation.

[0020] Preferably, the method for preparing the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0021] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution for impregnation treatment, filtering, washing, drying and calcining after the treatment to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0022] S2, adding the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to an ethanol aqueous solution, then adding γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and carrying out a constant temperature reaction. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding the solid product to deionized water, then adding carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 11-12, and heating the reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0023] S3, adding the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 into deionized water, and then adding a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate, stirring evenly, and then adding urea to carry out a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying, the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained.

[0024] In the present invention, the modified diatomaceous earth added has good water absorption and water retention, excellent adsorption capacity, can adsorb and slowly release nutrients, helps to prolong the fertilizer effect and reduce nutrient loss.

[0025] Preferably, the mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in step S1 is 5-10%, the temperature of the impregnation treatment is 40-50° C., the time is 2-3 h, and the temperature of the calcination is 400-450° C., the time is 1-2 h.

[0026] In the present invention, diatomaceous earth is used as raw material. Diatomaceous earth has a unique orderly arranged microporous structure, high porosity, large pore volume and large specific surface area. The diatomaceous earth is firstly treated with acid and high temperature to remove impurities in the micropores of the diatomaceous earth, increase the specific surface area of ​​the diatomaceous earth, and thus improve its adsorption.

[0027] Preferably, the volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 70-80%, the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomaceous earth and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50-60:8-12, the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 60-70°C, and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the solid product, deionized water, carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid is 50-60:800-900:10-15:5-10:5-10, the temperature of the heating reaction is 80-90°C, and the time is 3-4h.

[0028] In the present invention, the pretreated diatomaceous earth is reacted with γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, thereby introducing active epoxy groups on the diatomaceous earth, which can improve the dispersibility of the diatomaceous earth on the one hand and facilitate the subsequent reaction on the other hand; then the diatomaceous earth is reacted with carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 4-guanidinobutyric acid, thereby connecting carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and guanidine groups on the diatomaceous earth, chitosan has good adsorption and hydrophilicity, and can further improve the water absorption performance of the diatomaceous earth, guanidine groups have good antibacterial properties, and can prevent the root system from being infected by pathogens, and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin has good sustained-release performance, and can improve the water retention of the diatomaceous earth, and the three together act to make the modified diatomaceous earth have good comprehensive performance.

[0029] Preferably, the mass volume ratio of the organic diatomite, the mixed solution and the urea in step S3 is 50-60g:500-700mL:70-90g; the concentration of aluminum ions in the mixed solution is 0.2-0.4mol / L, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6-1.2mol / L, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-120°C, and the time is 10-14h; the temperature of the standing is 75-85°C, and the time is 10-15h.

[0030] In the present invention, layered bimetallic magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite is in situ generated on organic diatomite, which improves the dispersibility of the hydrotalcite and makes the hydrotalcite and the organic diatomite have better looseness compared with direct blending, thereby preventing the hydrotalcite from sinking to the bottom due to its high density, causing the roots of the bottom plants to rot.

[0031] The present invention also protects a method for preparing the above-mentioned seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material, comprising the following steps:

[0032] The raw materials are weighed according to the formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth and polyurethane sponge powder are added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-20 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0034] (1) The present invention provides a seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials. The present invention compounded a plurality of specific raw materials in a certain proportion, with perlite, coconut bran, peat, and modified diatomaceous earth as the main raw materials, so that the obtained seedling medium has good water absorption and water retention and air permeability. The addition of polyurethane sponge powder with a specific particle size and density can increase the air porosity of the medium and improve the water absorption rate of the medium, thereby improving the growth environment of crop roots. In addition, since the polyurethane sponge has a certain elasticity, it can prevent the medium from being over-compacted, reduce the compaction phenomenon, improve the overall stability of the medium, and reduce collapse and loss. At the same time, it is supplemented with mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented materials to increase the organic matter content of the medium, which can fully meet the needs of plant growth.

[0035] (2) The polyurethane-containing seedling substrate provided by the present invention is added with chicken manure and mushroom residue fermentation material, and the mushroom residue and chicken manure are fermented together, and the macromolecular organic matter is degraded by the action of microorganisms, and a large amount of heat is released at the same time. Pathogenic microorganisms, roundworm eggs, pest eggs, weed seeds, etc. are killed by high temperature, thereby achieving harmless and resource-based treatment of waste; on the other hand, medical stone and ferrous sulfate are added during the fermentation, and the medical stone absorbs nitrogen in the compost through a physical adsorbent to reduce nitrogen loss, and ferrous sulfate can directly react with ammonia-containing substances in the compost to form a complex, reduce odor, and accelerate compost maturity. The combined action of the two can promote the degradation of organic matter and the formation of humus, and increase the organic matter content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermentation material.

[0036] (3) The modified diatomaceous earth added to the seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials provided by the present invention can improve the water retention and air permeability of the medium. The diatomaceous earth is pretreated to increase the specific surface area and internal porosity of the diatomaceous earth, and then the diatomaceous earth is reacted with γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane to introduce epoxy groups on the diatomaceous earth. Then, the epoxy diatomaceous earth is grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, thereby introducing carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and 4-guanidinobutyric acid into the diatomaceous earth. On diatomaceous earth, it not only improves the water absorption and antibacterial properties of the modified diatomaceous earth, but also improves the water retention of the modified diatomaceous earth. Finally, magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite is generated in situ on the organic diatomaceous earth. The layered structure of the hydrotalcite can slow down the loss of water in the matrix and improve the water retention of the matrix. At the same time, its internal pore structure also makes the matrix have good air permeability, so that the obtained seedling matrix has excellent comprehensive performance. At the same time, the modified diatomaceous earth also has a slow-release function, which ensures that the roots of crops can obtain sufficient water and nutrients to ensure the growth of plant seedlings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] Figure 1 This is a picture of the finished product of the seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary materials prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0039] In the embodiment of the present invention, the coconut bran was purchased from Shijiazhuang Wofuwo Fertilizer Co., Ltd.; the particle size of the diatomaceous earth was 325 mesh, and the particle size of the medical stone was 200 mesh; the microbial fermentation agent was purchased from Weifang Yihao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and the number of viable bacteria was 5×10 8 cfu / g, and the main components are Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus laterosporus, yeast, cellulase, ligninase, protease, etc. The nutrient content of the mushroom residue and chicken manure is as shown in Table 1:

[0040] Table 1 Nutrient content of mushroom residue and chicken manure

[0041] raw material Organic carbon% Total nitrogen% Total phosphorus % Total Potassium % C / N Ratio Mushroom residue 41.36 1.43 1.87 2.15 27.03 Chicken manure 29.84 1.38 1.46 0.93 21.62

[0042] Example 1

[0043] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0044] 15 parts of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, 15 parts of perlite, 25 parts of coconut bran, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 15 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0045] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0046] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0047] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0048] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0049] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, immersing at 45° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 430° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0050] S2, adding 55g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 75%), then adding 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 55g of the solid product to 850g of deionized water, then adding 13g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 7g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 8g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 12, and reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere at 85°C for 3.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0051] S3, adding 55g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300g of deionized water, then adding 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.3mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.9mol / L), stirring evenly, adding 80g of urea, and hydrothermally reacting at 115°C for 12h. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth.

[0052] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0053] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0056] 13 parts of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, 17 parts of perlite, 28 parts of coconut bran, 22 parts of peat, 15 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 15 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0057] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0058] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0059] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.5% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.4% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.7% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 17 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0060] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0061] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, immersing at 45° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 420° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0062] S2, adding 55g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 75%), then adding 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 55g of the solid product to 850g of deionized water, then adding 13g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 8g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 7g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 11, reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere at 85°C for 3.5h, filtering, washing, and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0063] S3, adding 55g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300g of deionized water, then adding 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.25mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.75mol / L), stirring evenly, adding 75g of urea, and hydrothermally reacting at 115°C for 12h. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth.

[0064] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0065] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0068] 10 parts of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, 10 parts of perlite, 20 parts of coconut bran, 20 parts of peat, 10 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 10 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0069] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0070] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0071] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 60:40 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.4% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.3% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.5% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 20 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0072] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0073] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 5%, immersing at 40° C. for 2-3 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 400° C. for 2 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0074] S2, adding 50g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 70%), then adding 8g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 60°C for 3h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 50g of the solid product to 800g of deionized water, then adding 10g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 5g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 5g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 11, reacting at 80°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 4h, filtering, washing, and drying after the reaction is completed to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0075] S3, adding 50g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300g of deionized water, then adding 500mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.2mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6mol / L), stirring evenly, adding 70g of urea, and hydrothermally reacting at 110°C for 14h. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying, the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained.

[0076] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0077] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0078] Example 4

[0079] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0080] 20 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 20 parts of perlite, 30 parts of coconut bran, 30 parts of peat, 20 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0081] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0082] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0083] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 70:30 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.7% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.6% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 1% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 15 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0084] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0085] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 10%, immersing at 50° C. for 2 h, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 450° C. for 1 h to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0086] S2, adding 60g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 80%), then adding 12g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 70°C for 2h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 60g of the solid product to 900g of deionized water, then adding 15g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 10g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 10g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 12, and reacting at 90°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 3h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0087] S3, adding 60g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300g of deionized water, then adding 700mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.4mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 1.2mol / L), stirring evenly, adding 90g of urea, and hydrothermally reacting at 120°C for 10h. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying, the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained.

[0088] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0089] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0090] Comparative Example 1

[0091] A seedling culture medium, comprising the following raw materials by weight:

[0092] 15 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 15 parts of perlite, 25 parts of coconut bran, 25 parts of peat, and 15 parts of modified diatomaceous earth.

[0093] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0094] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0095] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0096] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0097] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, immersing at 45° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 430° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0098] S2, adding 55g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 75%), then adding 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 55g of the solid product to 850g of deionized water, then adding 13g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 7g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 8g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 12, and reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere at 85°C for 3.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0099] S3, adding 55g of the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300g of deionized water, then adding 600mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.3mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.9mol / L), stirring evenly, adding 80g of urea, and hydrothermally reacting at 115°C for 12h. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth.

[0100] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0101] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat and modified diatomaceous earth were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0102] Compared with Example 1, no polyurethane sponge powder was added in this comparative example.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0105] 15 parts of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, 15 parts of perlite, 25 parts of coconut bran, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 15 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0106] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0107] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0108] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0109] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0110] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, immersing at 45° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 430° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0111] S2. Add 55 g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S2 to 300 g of deionized water, then add 600 mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.3 mol / L, and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.9 mol / L), stir evenly, add 80 g of urea, and perform hydrothermal reaction at 115 ° C for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, let stand, filter, wash and dry to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth.

[0112] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0113] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0114] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, diatomaceous earth is not grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid.

[0115] Comparative Example 3

[0116] A seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials, comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0117] 15 parts of mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material, 15 parts of perlite, 25 parts of coconut bran, 25 parts of peat, 15 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 15 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

[0118] The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 13 kg / m 3 .

[0119] The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows:

[0120] The mushroom residue and chicken manure are uniformly mixed in a mass ratio of 65:35 to obtain a mixture, and then 0.6% of medical stone by mass of the mixture and 0.5% of ferrous sulfate by mass of the mixture are added, and then 0.8% of the mixture by mass of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated, and after uniform mixing, it is piled into a long strip pile with a bottom width of 1.5m, a height of 0.8m, and a length of about 2m, and the initial moisture is controlled at 55%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. The stacking fermentation time is 18 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

[0121] The preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps:

[0122] S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution with a mass fraction of 8%, immersing at 45° C. for 2.5 hours, filtering, washing, and drying after the treatment, and calcining at 430° C. for 1.5 hours to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth;

[0123] S2, adding 55g of the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to 800g of ethanol aqueous solution (the volume fraction of ethanol is 75%), then adding 10g of γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and reacting at a constant temperature of 65°C for 2.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding 55g of the solid product to 850g of deionized water, then adding 13g of carboxymethyl chitosan, 7g of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 8g of 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 12, and reacting in a nitrogen atmosphere at 85°C for 3.5h. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain the organic diatomaceous earth;

[0124] S3. Add 80 g of urea to 600 mL of a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate (the concentration of aluminum ions is 0.3 mol / L and the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.9 mol / L), and subject the mixture to a hydrothermal reaction at 115° C. for 12 h. After the reaction is completed, allow the mixture to stand, filter, wash, and dry, and then mix the mixture evenly with 55 g of organic diatomaceous earth to obtain the modified diatomaceous earth.

[0125] A method for preparing a seedling culture matrix containing a polyurethane auxiliary material comprises the following steps:

[0126] The raw materials were weighed according to the above formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth, and polyurethane sponge powder were added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 400 r / min for 15 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

[0127] Compared with Example 1, in this comparative example, magnesium-aluminum hydrotalcite and organic diatomaceous earth are directly mixed to obtain modified diatomaceous earth.

[0128] The performance of the matrix prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-3 was tested as follows: a plastic beaker of a certain volume V was taken, the mass of the empty beaker was weighed W0, each group of seedling matrix was filled, the compactness of the seedling matrix was equivalent to the compactness during planting, the mass of the beaker filled with the seedling matrix was weighed W1, water was added to saturation, and the saturated water state was weighed (W2), then the plastic cup was inverted to allow the water in the cup to flow out, until no water flowed out of the container, and weighed (W3). The result calculation formula is as follows:

[0129] Bulk density = (W1-W0) / V, total porosity = [(W2-W1) / V]×100%,

[0130] Air porosity = [(W2-W3) / V]×100%, water holding porosity = [(W3-W1) / V]×100%; add a certain mass of matrix (m1) into a plastic beaker, weigh the total weight m2, add water and soak for 24 hours, then turn the plastic cup upside down to allow the water in the cup to flow out until no water flows out of the container, then let it stand for 7 days in a natural environment and weigh the total weight m3 again, calculate the water retention rate, water retention rate = (m3-m2) / m1×100%.

[0131] The test results are shown in Table 2:

[0132] Table 2 Matrix performance test results

[0133]

[0134] As can be seen from Table 2 above, the polyurethane seedling matrix prepared in Examples 1-4 of the present invention has an air-water ratio of 0.39-0.44, has good looseness, air permeability, water absorption, and also has excellent water retention rate, which can create a good growth environment for plant roots. In Comparative Example 1, due to the lack of polyurethane sponge powder, the total porosity decreases, and the air-water ratio is 0.326, indicating that the water absorption and air permeability of the matrix decrease; in Comparative Example 2, due to the lack of diatomaceous earth grafted with carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid, although its porosity does not change much, its air-water ratio increases, indicating that the seedling matrix has high air permeability and poor water retention; and in Comparative Example 3, due to the direct mixing of magnesium aluminum hydrotalcite and organic diatomaceous earth, the seedling matrix has poor air permeability.

[0135] 400 tomato seedlings of the same variety, the same batch and vigorous growth were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each group with 100 seedlings, and cultivated using the substrates prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1-3, respectively. Other management was the same. After 60 days of cultivation, the cultivation effect was observed, and the survival rate and root rot rate were calculated. The results are shown in Table 3 below:

[0136] Table 3 Tomato cultivation effect

[0137] Survival rate / % Root rot rate / % Example 1 96 2 Comparative Example 1 86 11 Comparative Example 2 81 7 Comparative Example 3 89 8

[0138] It can be seen from Table 3 above that the substrate prepared by the present invention can significantly improve the survival rate of seedlings and reduce the phenomenon of crop root rot.

[0139] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 10-20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder; Wherein, the preparation method of the modified diatomite comprises the following steps: S1, adding diatomaceous earth into a nitric acid solution for impregnation treatment, filtering, washing, drying and calcining after the treatment to obtain pretreated diatomaceous earth; S2, adding the pretreated diatomaceous earth in step S1 to an ethanol aqueous solution, then adding γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, and carrying out a constant temperature reaction. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain a solid product; then adding the solid product to deionized water, then adding carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid, adjusting the pH to 11-12, and heating the reaction under a nitrogen atmosphere. After the reaction is completed, filtering, washing, and drying to obtain organic diatomaceous earth; S3, adding the organic diatomaceous earth in step S2 into deionized water, then adding a mixed solution of aluminum nitrate and magnesium nitrate, stirring evenly, adding urea, and performing a hydrothermal reaction. After the reaction is completed, standing, filtering, washing, and drying, the modified diatomaceous earth is obtained; The mass fraction of the nitric acid solution in step S1 is 5-10%, the temperature of the impregnation treatment is 40-50°C, the time is 2-3h, and the temperature of the calcination is 400-450°C, the time is 1-2h; The volume fraction of ethanol in the ethanol aqueous solution in step S2 is 70-80%, the mass ratio of the pretreated diatomaceous earth and γ-glycidyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane is 50-60:8-12, the temperature of the isothermal reaction is 60-70°C, and the time is 2-3h; the mass ratio of the solid product, deionized water, carboxymethyl chitosan, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, and 4-guanidinobutyric acid is 50-60:800-900:10-15:5-10:5-10, the temperature of the heating reaction is 80-90°C, and the time is 3-4h; In step S3, the concentration of aluminum ions in the mixed solution is 0.2-0.4 mol / L, the concentration of magnesium ions is 0.6-1.2 mol / L, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 110-120° C., and the time is 10-14 h; the mass volume ratio of the organic diatomaceous earth, the mixed solution, and the urea is 50-60 g: 500-700 mL: 70-90 g; the standing temperature is 75-85° C., and the time is 10-15 h.

2. The seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material according to claim 1, characterized in that: By weight, it includes the following raw materials: 10-20 parts of fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, 10-20 parts of perlite, 20-30 parts of coconut bran, 20-30 parts of peat, 10-20 parts of modified diatomaceous earth, and 10-20 parts of polyurethane sponge powder.

3. The seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is as follows: The mushroom residue and chicken manure are mixed evenly to obtain a mixture, and then 0.4-0.7% of medical stone by weight of the mixture and 0.3-0.6% of ferrous sulfate by weight of the mixture are added, and then 0.5-1% of the mixture by weight of a microbial fermentation agent is inoculated. After mixing evenly, the mixture is piled into a long strip with a bottom width of 1-2m, a height of 0.6-1m, and a length of 1-3m. The initial moisture content is controlled at 50-60%, and ventilation and oxygen supply are performed for stacking fermentation. During the stacking fermentation, the moisture content of the mixture is controlled between 55% and 65%. After the fermentation is completed, the mushroom residue and chicken manure fermented material is obtained.

4. The seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The mushroom residue is Pleurotus eryngii residue; the water content of the mushroom residue is 25-30%, and the water content of the chicken manure is 40-50%; the mass ratio of the mushroom residue to the chicken manure is 60-70:30-40, the stacking fermentation time is 15-20 days, and the temperature is 50-60°C.

5. The seedling culture matrix containing polyurethane auxiliary material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The particle size of the perlite is 5-8 mm, the particle size of the peat is 2-8 mm, the particle size of the polyurethane sponge powder is 0.5-2.5 mm, and the density is 10-15 kg / m 3 .

6. A method for preparing a seedling culture medium containing polyurethane auxiliary materials as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The raw materials are weighed according to the formula, and the fermented mushroom residue and chicken manure, perlite, coconut bran, peat, modified diatomaceous earth and polyurethane sponge powder are added into a high-speed mixer, and stirred at a speed of 300-500 r / min for 10-20 min to obtain the seedling medium containing polyurethane auxiliary material.

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