A dust removal device for tunnel engineering

Abstract

The present invention discloses a dust removal device for tunnel engineering, comprising a ventilation system and a dust removal system. The dust removal system comprises: a first spray assembly, the first spray assembly being arranged at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly for mixing water mist into the fresh air discharged from the compressed air assembly; a second spray assembly, the second spray assembly being arranged at the tunnel vault for mixing water mist into the polluted air in the upper area of the tunnel; a bracket, the bracket comprising a support seat, an arcuate arch frame portion, and a cantilever portion. The support seat portion is arranged on a guide rail arranged along the length of the tunnel and can move along the length of the tunnel. The support seat portion has at least two separated platforms for placing the compressed air assembly. The arcuate arch frame portion is connected between the two platforms. The cantilever portion is arranged on the other side of the top of the arcuate arch frame portion and is arranged opposite to the support seat portion. The second spray assembly is arranged on the cantilever portion. The present invention can further reduce air dust during tunnel construction and purify the air in the construction environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of tunnel ventilation and dust reduction, and in particular to a dust removal device for tunnel engineering. Background Art

[0002] Currently, tunnel excavation and construction generally uses the drill-and-blast method, which relies on a drill rig to drill holes, fill with explosives, blast, and then clean up the debris. This generates a lot of dust throughout the entire construction process. To reduce the dust generated by drilling, the drill rig is generally designed with a water flushing mechanism that can spray water directly into the hole during the drilling process, thereby reducing the dust generated during drilling. During blasting, water curtains are used to seal the blasting area to prevent dust from escaping to the outside of the tunnel. Tunnels are also generally equipped with ventilation equipment, such as a hybrid ventilation system consisting of a compressor and exhaust fan, to increase the air exchange efficiency in the construction area, thereby reducing the dust content in the construction area.

[0003] Among the above measures, although there is a ventilation system to assist, drilling work is still going on while ventilation is taking place, and dust is still being generated. Therefore, the new air cannot completely replace the polluted air. In addition, the wind in the ventilation system has a certain flow path, which makes it difficult to fully cover the area. In areas that are not in the flow path, the dust content will still be very high. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Aiming at the problem of high dust content in the air during existing tunnel construction, the present invention provides a dust removal device for tunnel engineering, which can further reduce the dust content in the air in the construction area and improve the cleanliness of the air.

[0005] The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A dust removal device for tunnel engineering includes a ventilation system, the ventilation system including an exhaust assembly and a compressed air assembly, the compressed air assembly being arranged on the ground and used to press fresh air from the outside of the tunnel into the tunnel, and the exhaust assembly being arranged on the tunnel vault and used to discharge dirty air from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, the tunnel dust removal device also including a dust removal system, the dust removal system including:

[0007] a first spray assembly, which is disposed at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly and is used to mix water mist into the fresh air discharged from the compressed air assembly;

[0008] a second spray assembly, the second spray assembly being arranged at the tunnel vault and being used to mix water mist into the polluted air in the upper area of the tunnel;

[0009] The bracket includes a support seat, an arc-shaped arch portion and a cantilever portion. The support seat is arranged on a guide rail arranged along the length direction of the tunnel and can move along the length direction of the tunnel. The support seat has at least two platforms separated from each other for placing the compressed air assembly. The arc-shaped arch portion is connected between the two platforms. The cantilever portion is arranged on the other side of the top of the arc-shaped arch portion and is opposite to the support seat portion. The second spray assembly is arranged on the cantilever portion.

[0010] Optionally, the first spray assembly includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles, which are distributed in a circular array at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly and are arranged in a plurality of circles along the radial direction.

[0011] Optionally, the second spray assembly includes a plurality of vertically arranged water pipes, the water pipes are connected to the cantilevered portion, and a plurality of atomizing nozzles are provided on one side of the water pipes and are arranged toward the exhaust assembly.

[0012] Optionally, the water guide pipe includes an inner water guide pipe and an outer water guide pipe, the inner water guide pipe is fixedly arranged on the cantilever part, and the outer water guide pipe is sleeved outside the inner water guide pipe, the outer water guide pipe is connected to a driving mechanism for driving the outer water guide pipe to rotate around the inner water guide pipe, and the inner water guide pipe is provided with two relatively arranged first water guide holes for connecting to the atomizing nozzle on the outer water guide pipe at different angles.

[0013] Optionally, a water curtain nozzle is further provided at the end of the outer water guide tube, and a second water guide hole is provided at the end of the inner water guide tube. The second water guide hole is arranged at an eccentric position and can be connected with the water curtain nozzle when the outer water guide tube rotates to the point where the atomizing head is away from the exhaust component.

[0014] Optionally, it also includes:

[0015] The third spray assembly is arranged in the cantilever portion and extends toward the end of the cantilever portion, and is used to extend toward one side of the tunnel face.

[0016] Optionally, the third spray assembly includes a plurality of spray tubes, and a plurality of guide holes are provided at the end of the cantilever. The spray tubes are arranged in the cantilever and extend through the guide holes. The spray tubes are connected to a driving mechanism and a reset mechanism. The driving mechanism can pull the spray tubes back into the cantilever, and the reset mechanism can drive the spray tubes to extend from the guide holes to the outside of the cantilever when the driving mechanism is released.

[0017] Optionally, along the radial direction of the tunnel, between different guide holes, the distance between the guide holes and the horizontal clamps tends to gradually increase.

[0018] Optionally, the extension length of the spray pipe gradually shortens from top to bottom along the radial direction of the tunnel.

[0019] Optionally, the driving mechanism includes a winding roller and a temporary storage roller, the spray tube is wound around the winding roller and the temporary storage roller, and the winding roller and the temporary storage roller rotate in opposite directions.

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The dust removal device for tunnel engineering of the present invention can add water mist to the compressed new air by arranging a first spray assembly at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly, thereby achieving the air dust reduction effect in the area below the tunnel; and the second spray assembly arranged on the cantilever structure can increase the air dust reduction effect in the upper area of the tunnel without affecting the construction, and the cantilever structure can extend the spray to a place close to the construction area, closer to the face, so that when the dust reduction in the lower area cannot cover the upper part, the dust reduction can be complemented by the upper part to improve the dust reduction method; the support seat and the cantilever are respectively located on both sides of the arc-shaped arch frame part, so that the compressed air assembly is arranged on the support seat, the supporting force of the cantilever can be increased, and the balance of the entire dust removal device can be achieved. The entire dust removal device can move with the movement of the drilling rig to provide dust reduction coverage in a wider range without affecting the drilling construction, with good dust removal effect and environmental protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a dust removal device for tunnel engineering according to the present invention;

[0023] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the second spray assembly of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a schematic structural diagram of the dust removal device for tunnel engineering of the present invention in the tunnel cross-section direction;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a working state diagram of the tunnel engineering dust removal device of the present invention during drilling construction;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the working state of the dust removal device for tunnel engineering of the present invention after blasting construction;

[0027] Icons: 101-guide rail, 110-support seat, 120-arc-shaped arch frame, 130-cantilever, 200-first spray assembly, 300-second spray assembly, 311-inner water guide pipe, 312-outer water guide pipe, 313-water curtain nozzle, 400-third spray assembly, 410-spray pipe, 420-reset mechanism, 430-winding roller, 440-temporary storage roller, 500-compressed air assembly, 600-exhaust assembly, 700-drilling rig. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Reference Figure 1-5 The dust removal device for tunnel engineering of the present invention includes a ventilation system and a dust removal system. The ventilation system adopts the mixed ventilation commonly used in this field, including an exhaust component 600 and a compressed air component 500. The compressed air component 500 is arranged on the ground, and is used to press the fresh air outside the tunnel into the tunnel. The exhaust component 600 is arranged on the tunnel vault, and is used to discharge the dirty air inside the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel. In order to avoid the air pressed out by the compressed air component 500 directly returning to the exhaust component 600, the exhaust component 600 and the compressed air component 500 are generally arranged at a certain distance apart. The principle of the compressed air component 500 and the exhaust component 600 is to arrange a fan in a pipeline structure to provide wind energy. The specific structure can be implemented using conventional technology in this field.

[0029] Reference Figure 1-3 The tunnel dust removal device also includes a dust removal system, which includes a bracket, a first spray assembly 200, and a second spray assembly 300. The bracket includes a support seat 110, an arcuate arch 120, and a cantilever 130. The support seat 110 is arranged on a guide rail 101 arranged along the length of the tunnel and can move along the length of the tunnel. The support seat 110 has at least two separated platforms for placing the compressed air assembly 500. The arcuate arch 120 is connected between the two platforms. The cantilever 130 is arranged on the other side of the top of the arcuate arch 120 and is arranged opposite to the support seat 110. The second spray assembly 300 is arranged on the cantilever 130. The entire bracket forms a roughly Z-shaped structure in the axial direction of the tunnel. The compressed air assembly 500 is installed on the support seat 110, and the second spray assembly 300 is installed on the cantilever 130. The weight of the compressed air assembly 500 maintains the balance of the entire bracket. The support base 110 is equipped with rollers and a drive mechanism, allowing it to move on the guide rail 101, which is pre-laid according to the construction schedule and follows the progress of the drilling rig 700. The support is supported in the tunnel's transverse direction by a circular arch 120, forming a hollow arc structure, which facilitates the free entry and exit of various construction vehicles and personnel.

[0030] The first spray assembly 200 is arranged at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly 500 and is used to mix water mist into the fresh air discharged from the compressed air assembly 500. The first spray assembly 200 includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles, which are distributed in a circular array at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly 500 and are arranged in a plurality of circles along the radial direction. The atomizing nozzles are connected to water supply components, such as water pipes, water pumps, and water tanks. The water tank can be arranged on the support seat 110 to further improve the counterweight of the support seat 110. High-pressure water is supplied to the atomizing nozzles by pumping and finally sprayed out through the atomizing nozzles. The water mist sprayed by the atomizing nozzles is ejected together with the fresh air sprayed by the compressed air assembly 500. The water mist is distributed in a circular array with a multi-circle structure, which forms a good mixture with the fresh air to a certain extent. The fresh air is blown toward the tunnel face, which can achieve ventilation and dust reduction in most areas of the lower half of the tunnel. Of course, if there is not much dust when doing other construction, the water supply pipeline of the atomizing nozzle can be closed, so that only the compressed air component 500 can be used for air supply. Therefore, according to actual conditions, the first spray component 200 can be opened and closed by yourself.

[0031] The first spray assembly 200 mixes water mist with the fresh air flowing into the compressed air assembly 500. Because the water mist has a certain weight, it generally only follows the fresh air to the tunnel face. When the fresh air encounters the tunnel face and flows upward, the water mist in the air gradually separates from the air due to gravity. Therefore, effective dust removal in the upper area of the tunnel is difficult. Therefore, the second spray assembly 300 is used to reduce dust in this area. The second spray assembly 300 is installed in the tunnel vault and mixes water mist with the polluted air in the upper area of the tunnel to achieve dust reduction.

[0032] Specifically, the second spray assembly 300 includes several vertically arranged water pipes connected to the cantilever portion 130. Several atomizing nozzles are positioned on one side of the water pipes, facing the exhaust assembly 600. Since the wind in the upper portion of the tunnel flows from the face of the shaft toward the exhaust assembly 600, by installing vertically arranged water pipes and simultaneously aligning the atomizing nozzles with the exhaust assembly 600, the water mist can mix with the polluted air, thereby reducing dust. Since the wind flows toward the outside of the tunnel, even if the atomizing nozzles are aimed in the direction of the polluted air, they cannot spray far away. Furthermore, aiming at polluted air can easily cause dust to enter the nozzles, clogging them.

[0033] Since the second spray assembly 300 can only cover the area where the water pipe is located, and the area between the water pipe and the tunnel face is difficult for water mist to reach due to the direction of wind flow, the dust removal system of the present invention also includes a third spray assembly 400. The third spray assembly 400 is disposed in the cantilever portion 130 and extends toward the end of the cantilever portion 130, and is used to extend toward the tunnel face. The third spray assembly 400 includes a plurality of spray pipes 410. The end of the cantilever portion 130 is provided with a plurality of guide holes. The spray pipes 410 are arranged in the cantilever portion 130 and extend through the guide holes. The spray pipes 410 are connected to a drive mechanism and a reset mechanism 420. The drive mechanism can pull the spray pipes 410 back into the cantilever portion 130. The reset mechanism 420 can drive the spray pipes 410 to extend out of the cantilever portion 130 from the guide holes when the drive mechanism is released. The present invention employs a plurality of spray tubes 410 that extend from the end of the cantilever 130. The purpose of the spray tubes 410 is to cover the area from the cantilever 130 to the face. However, if the extension is too long, drilling construction may be affected. If the extension is too short, it may be difficult to achieve a wide coverage area. Therefore, when the extension is too long, the spray tubes 410 can be pulled back into the cantilever 130 by a driving mechanism to reduce the extension length, sacrificing a certain coverage area to facilitate construction above. At the same time, the spray tubes 410 can also be retracted to protect this part of the spray tube 410 during the subsequent blasting phase to avoid blasting shock. When construction on a portion of the face is completed, the spray tubes 410 can be driven out by the power of the reset mechanism 420 to expand the coverage area. To facilitate the extension and retraction of the spray tubes 410, the spray tubes 410 are formed by opening only a hole, and no separate atomizing nozzle is provided.

[0034] Furthermore, along the radial direction of the tunnel, between different guide holes, the guide holes and the horizontal clamps tend to gradually increase, so that the extended spray tubes 410 will form different angles in the radial direction of the tunnel, so that the atomized area is further expanded. At the same time, along the radial direction of the tunnel, from top to bottom, the extension length of the spray tube 410 gradually shortens, that is, the extension length of the top spray tube 410 is longer than the length of the lower spray tube 410, thus forming an inclined end face area, which facilitates the construction of the drilling rig 700 and avoids interference and obstruction.

[0035] The drive mechanism includes a take-up roller 430 and a temporary storage roller 440. The spray tube 410 is wound around the take-up roller 430 and the temporary storage roller 440, with the take-up roller 430 and the temporary storage roller 440 rotating in opposite directions. When the take-up roller 430 rewinds the spray tube 410 in the cantilever 130, it releases the spray tube 410 from the take-up roller 430 and is stored by the temporary storage roller 440. When the spray tube 410 is released, it is released in the opposite direction. The take-up roller 430 and the temporary storage roller 440 are formed by a gear meshing structure and a motor.

[0036] The reset mechanism 420 can be a gas spring or other elastic mechanism, storing energy when the drive mechanism retracts the spray tube 410. When the drive mechanism is released, the reset spring pushes the spray tube 410 out. To facilitate the extension of the spray tube 410, an integrated board is connected to the end of the reset mechanism 420. By integrating several spray tubes 410 onto the integrated board, the integrated board achieves overall push-pull and pull, providing greater strength.

[0037] Reference Figure 3 , Figure 5 As described above, during the drilling operation, the entire dust removal device can achieve dust removal covering a large area. When the drilling operation is completed and blasting is carried out, the dust generated by the blasting is also extremely large. It is difficult to achieve complete dust reduction in a short period of time by relying solely on the ventilation system. Therefore, the water pipe of the present invention includes an inner water pipe 311 and an outer water pipe 312. The inner water pipe 311 is fixedly arranged on the cantilever portion 130, and the outer water pipe 312 is sleeved on the outside of the inner water pipe 311. The outer water pipe 312 is connected to a driving mechanism for driving the outer water pipe 312 to rotate around the inner water pipe 311. The inner water pipe 311 is provided with two first water guide holes arranged opposite to each other, which are used to connect to the atomizing nozzle on the outer water pipe 312 at different angles. Before the blasting operation, the entire dust removal device is moved toward the outside of the tunnel to ensure safety. At the same time, the driving mechanism connected to the water guide outer tube 312, which can be driven by a gear rack combination motor or a sprocket chain combination motor, is used to rotate the water guide outer tube 312 180 degrees. In this way, the atomizing nozzle will rotate to spray toward one side of the tunnel face. Since two first water guide holes spaced 180 degrees apart are provided in the water guide inner tube 311, spraying can also be achieved after the water guide outer tube 312 is rotated 180 degrees. In this embodiment, a rubber ring is provided on the surface of the first water guide hole, thereby realizing communication between the first water guide hole and the atomizing nozzle, thereby preventing water leakage on the other side. The ventilation system is generally closed during blasting. If the ventilation system is turned on immediately after the blasting is completed, most of the dust will be sucked out of the tunnel, polluting the air outside the tunnel. Therefore, spraying is generally used to reduce dust. By arranging atomizing nozzles facing the face, dust reduction can be carried out as soon as the blasting is completed. When the fan ventilation is turned on later, the dirty air in the tunnel can be quickly replaced.

[0038] The end of the outer water pipe 312 is also provided with a water curtain nozzle 313, and the end of the inner water pipe 311 is provided with a second water guide hole. The second water guide hole is set at an eccentric position and can communicate with the water curtain nozzle 313 when the outer water pipe 312 rotates to the point where the atomizing nozzle faces away from the exhaust assembly 600. Rotating the outer water pipe 312 by the drive mechanism can not only adjust the position of the atomizing nozzle for spraying and settling, but also activate the water curtain nozzle 313 at the end of the water pipe. The aperture of the water curtain nozzle 313 is larger than that of the atomizing nozzle and is unique, so it can form a thicker water curtain. The formed water curtain can seal the dust during the blasting and prevent it from escaping from the cave. After the blasting, the spraying of the first spray assembly 200, the spraying of the second spray assembly 300, and the water curtain form a closed and dust-reducing curtain wall, achieving rapid dust reduction.

Claims

1. A dust removal device for tunnel engineering, comprising a ventilation system, the ventilation system comprising an exhaust assembly and a compressed air assembly, the compressed air assembly being arranged on the ground for pressing fresh air from the outside of the tunnel into the tunnel, the exhaust assembly being arranged on the tunnel vault for discharging dirty air from the inside of the tunnel to the outside of the tunnel, characterized in that: The tunnel engineering dust removal device further includes a dust removal system, which includes: a first spray assembly, which is disposed at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly and is used to mix water mist into the fresh air discharged from the compressed air assembly; a second spray assembly, the second spray assembly being arranged at the tunnel vault and being used to mix water mist into the polluted air in the upper area of the tunnel; A bracket, the bracket comprising a support seat, an arcuate arch portion, and a cantilever portion, the support seat portion being arranged on a guide rail arranged along the length direction of the tunnel and being movable along the length direction of the tunnel, the support seat portion having at least two mutually separated platforms for placing the compressed air assembly, the arcuate arch portion being connected between the two platforms, the cantilever portion being arranged on the other side of the top of the arcuate arch portion, and being arranged opposite to the support seat portion, and the second spray assembly being arranged on the cantilever portion; The second spray assembly includes a plurality of vertically arranged water pipes connected to the cantilevered portion, and a plurality of atomizing nozzles arranged toward the exhaust assembly are provided on one side of the water pipes; The water guide pipe includes an inner water guide pipe and an outer water guide pipe, the inner water guide pipe is fixedly arranged on the cantilever portion, and the outer water guide pipe is sleeved outside the inner water guide pipe. The outer water guide pipe is connected to a driving mechanism for driving the outer water guide pipe to rotate around the inner water guide pipe. The inner water guide pipe is provided with two first water guide holes arranged opposite to each other, for connecting to the atomizing nozzle on the outer water guide pipe at different angular positions; The end of the outer water guide tube is further provided with a water curtain nozzle, and the end of the inner water guide tube is provided with a second water guide hole, which is arranged at an eccentric position and can be connected to the water curtain nozzle when the outer water guide tube rotates to the point where the atomizing head is away from the exhaust component; Also includes: a third spray assembly, the third spray assembly being disposed in the cantilever portion and extending toward an end portion of the cantilever portion, and being configured to extend toward one side of the tunnel face; The third spray assembly includes a plurality of spray tubes. A plurality of guide holes are provided at the end of the cantilever portion. The spray tubes are arranged in the cantilever portion and extend through the guide holes. The spray tubes are connected to a driving mechanism and a reset mechanism. The driving mechanism can pull the spray tubes back into the cantilever portion. The reset mechanism can drive the spray tubes to extend from the guide holes to the outside of the cantilever portion when the driving mechanism is released.

2. The dust removal device for tunnel engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first spray assembly includes a plurality of atomizing nozzles, which are distributed in a circular array at the air outlet of the compressed air assembly and are arranged in a plurality of circles along the radial direction.

3. The dust removal device for tunnel engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: Along the radial direction of the tunnel, the distance between different guide holes and the horizontal fixtures tends to gradually increase.

4. The dust removal device for tunnel engineering according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: Along the radial direction of the tunnel and from top to bottom, the extension length of the spray pipe gradually shortens.

5. The dust removal device for tunnel engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving mechanism comprises a winding roller and a temporary storage roller. The spray tube is wound around the winding roller and the temporary storage roller. The winding roller and the temporary storage roller rotate in opposite directions.

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