A broadband multi-beam antenna

Abstract

The present invention discloses a broadband multi-beam antenna, which belongs to the field of wireless communication technology. The present invention is composed of four groups of antenna units that are symmetrical about the center, and are isolated by four groups of metal partitions between the radiating elements located above the ground plane. The four broadband radiating patches are all arranged above the ground plane, the feeding structure is arranged below the ground plane, and the four probes are respectively connected to the coaxial feeding structure and the radiating patch. The present invention has four feeding ports, and the radiating patch is directly fed by the feeding probe. The antenna operates in a wider frequency band and generates different radiation directions. The antenna has a simple structure, does not require a complex matching network, is easy to manufacture, has a wide working bandwidth, and a stable directional pattern. Therefore, it is very suitable for application in vehicle network communication systems in mobile communications.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communications, and in particular, relates to a broadband multi-beam antenna. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, with the continuous development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements of communication systems have been continuously improving, especially in terms of coverage and communication capacity. It has become a trend to develop high-performance antennas that can send and receive various carrier signals.

[0003] For example, in mobile communications, satellite communications, and vehicular communications, antennas with different radiation patterns are required to transmit and receive signals to improve the stability and reliability of the communication system. Traditional antennas, which only provide a single radiation pattern, are no longer sufficient. To address this issue, the present invention proposes a broadband multi-beam antenna with different radiation patterns. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a broadband multi-beam antenna to solve the problems raised in the background technology.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A broadband multi-beam antenna comprises four groups of antenna mechanisms symmetrical about the center, each group of antenna mechanisms comprising a ground plate, a radiating element, a probe and a metal plate assembly; the probe penetrates and is rotatably connected to the ground plate, the bottom end of the probe is connected to a feeding structure, and the radiating element is connected to the top end of the probe; the metal plate assembly is connected to the upper surface of the ground plate and partially surrounds the radiating patch, and the metal plate assembly consists of a large metal plate and a small metal plate; the radiating element, the probe and the feeding structure below the ground plate are coaxially arranged.

[0007] Preferably, the feeding structure includes an upper cylindrical conductor and a bottom cylindrical conductor, the upper cylindrical conductor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the probe, the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor is provided with a circular feeding surface of the same size as its lower surface, and the bottom cylindrical conductor is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper cylindrical conductor.

[0008] Preferably, a short rectangular branch is fixedly connected to the upper side of one side of the radiation element, and a long rectangular branch is provided on the opposite side of the short rectangular branch; the short rectangular branch and the long rectangular branch are directly fed by the probe.

[0009] Preferably, the short rectangular branches and the long rectangular branches are directly connected to the radiating elements to adjust the impedance bandwidth and frequency distribution range of the antenna.

[0010] Preferably, four sets of metal plate assemblies are provided, each consisting of two large metal plates and two small metal plates. The two large metal plates are perpendicular to each other and to the ground plane, and the two small metal plates are perpendicularly connected to the vertical edges of the large metal plates and perpendicular to the ground plane, surrounding the radiating element on both sides. This metal plate assembly improves isolation between antenna structures and also enhances the diversity of radiation directions.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a broadband multi-beam antenna with the following advantages:

[0012] (1) The present invention uses four sets of identical antenna mechanisms that can generate the same operating frequency and are placed on the ground in a centrally symmetrical manner. Four sets of identical metal plate components are placed between the four sets of antenna units to separate the four sets of antenna mechanisms, thereby improving the isolation between the antenna units and also improving the different radiation directions. It has the advantages of simple structure and easy processing.

[0013] (2) The present invention can simultaneously feed power to the four antenna elements, utilizing multiple antenna elements to simultaneously transmit and receive signals, significantly improving signal quality and data transmission rates. Furthermore, by adjusting the feed parameters of different antenna elements, the radiation direction and intensity of the signal can be flexibly controlled to accommodate different communication needs and environmental conditions, making it suitable for vehicle-to-vehicle communication system applications in mobile communications.

[0014] (3) The present invention provides a long rectangular branch below one side of the radiating element and a short rectangular branch above the other side, which respectively play the role of expanding the impedance bandwidth of the working bandwidth of the low-frequency part and the high-frequency part, thereby realizing the broadband characteristics of the antenna.

[0015] In summary, the broadband multi-beam antenna proposed in the present invention has a simple structure, does not require a complex matching network, is easy to manufacture, has a wide working bandwidth, and a stable radiation pattern, and is very suitable for application in vehicle network communication systems in mobile communications. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic structural diagram of a single antenna unit of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the broadband multi-beam antenna in a top-down view mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when viewed from the front;

[0020] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a single antenna unit of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when viewed from the front;

[0021] Figure 6 1 is a diagram showing the simulation results of the reflection coefficient of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 7 1 is a diagram showing the simulation results of the antenna gain of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 8 1 is a simulation result diagram of the isolation of ports 1 and 2 and ports 1 and 3 of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 9 is the xoy plane radiation pattern of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when fed from port 1 (Port 1) at 5000 MHz;

[0025] Figure 10 is the xoy plane radiation pattern of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when fed from port 2 (Port 2) at 5000 MHz;

[0026] Figure 11 is the xoy plane radiation pattern of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when fed from port 3 at 5000 MHz;

[0027] Figure 12 This is the xoy plane radiation pattern of the broadband multi-beam antenna mentioned in Example 1 of the present invention when port 4 is fed at 5000 MHz.

[0028] Description of the numbers in the figure:

[0029] 1. Ground plate; 2. Large metal plate; 3. Small metal plate; 4. Radiating element; 5. Short rectangular branch; 6. Long rectangular branch; 7. Probe; 8. Upper cylindrical conductor; 9. Bottom cylindrical conductor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0031] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "length", "width", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating the orientation or position relationship, are based on the orientation or position relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0032] Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of the technical features being referred to. Thus, a feature identified as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise specifically defined.

[0033] In the embodiments of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "installed," "connected," "connected," "fixed," etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they may refer to fixed connection, detachable connection, or integration; mechanical connection or electrical connection; direct connection or indirect connection through an intermediate medium; internal communication between two components or interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0034] Example 1:

[0035] See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, a broadband multi-beam antenna is proposed, including a ground plate 1, a metal plate assembly, a radiation element 4 and a probe 7.

[0036] There are four radiating elements 4, which are placed symmetrically on the upper surface of the ground plate 1; four groups of large metal plates 2 and small metal plates 3 are also placed on the upper surface of the ground plate 1, located between the four radiating elements 4; and one end of the probe 7 is connected to the feeding structure below the ground plate 1, and the other end is connected to the square radiating element 4 through the ground plate 1.

[0037] See also Figure 2 The radiating element 4 includes a long rectangular branch 6 at the lower left side and a short rectangular branch 5 at the upper right side. The two rectangular branches are directly connected to the radiating element 4 and are directly fed by the probe 7. The long rectangular branch 6 and the short rectangular branch 5 can respectively widen the low-frequency and high-frequency working bandwidths of the antenna.

[0038] The metal plate assembly consists of two groups of identical vertical structures, specifically a group of large metal plates 2 that are perpendicular to each other and also perpendicular to the ground plate 1, and a group of small metal plates 3 that are respectively perpendicular to the large metal plates 2 and also perpendicular to the ground plate 1, so as to improve the isolation between each antenna unit and enable the four antenna units to produce different radiation directions.

[0039] One end of the probe 7 passes through the ground plate 1 and is connected to the upper radiating element 4, and the other end is connected to the feeding structure below; the feeding structure includes a bottom cylindrical conductor 9, and an upper cylindrical conductor 8 covering the upper surface of the bottom cylindrical conductor 9 and wrapping the probe 7, and the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor 8 is provided with a circular feeding surface of the same size as its lower surface.

[0040] The following is a further explanation of the inherent characteristics of the patch in combination with experiments:

[0041] See also Figure 3-5 In the experiment, taking the impedance bandwidth of 3929-6791 MHz as an example, the optimal size is optimized as follows: the length and width of the ground plate 1 are both G L = 130 mm; the distance between metal partitions is G P =12 mm; the length of the large metal plate 2 is H P = 26 mm, width W P = 20 mm; the length of the small metal plate 3 is H P = 26 mm, width L K = 5 mm; the diameter of the probe 7 is 1.3 mm and the length is Ht1=4 mm; the feeding structure consists of an upper cylindrical conductor 8 wrapped around the probe 7 and a lower cylindrical conductor 9 below it, which is coaxial with the probe 7 and located below the ground plane 1. The radius of the upper cylindrical conductor 8 is R2=2 mm and the height is Ht2=2 mm, and the radius of the lower cylindrical conductor 9 is R3=2 mm and the height is Ht3=2 mm; the radiating element 4 is connected to the probe 7 and is located at a height Ht1=4 mm from the ground plane. S =1 mm; the long rectangular branch 6 is located at H2=12 mm from the top of the radiating element 4, with a length of L3=9 mm and a width of HW2=3.5 mm; the short rectangular branch 5 is located at H1=13 mm from the bottom of the radiating element 4, with a length of L2=6 mm and HW1=4 mm; the height of the square radiating element 4 is H SS =19 mm, width L1=19 mm, vertical distance from the large metal plate 2 on the same side is D S =25 mm.

[0042] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 The figure is a simulation result of the reflection coefficient of the broadband multi-beam antenna in this embodiment. Figure 6 From the simulation results in , it can be seen that the antenna’s operating range covers 3929-6791 MHz, with an absolute bandwidth of 2862 MHz. It has broadband characteristics and can meet the main frequency band range of vehicle network communication (5905-5925 MHz).

[0043] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 The figure is the simulation result of the broadband multi-beam antenna gain in this embodiment. Figure 7 From the results in , we can see that the maximum gain of the antenna is 7.32 dB in the 3929-6791 MHz band.

[0044] See also Figure 8 , Figure 8 The following is a simulation result diagram of the isolation between port 1 and port 2, and port 1 and port 3 of the broadband multi-beam antenna in this embodiment. Figure 8 It can be seen from the results that the isolation of the antenna in the 3929-6791 MHz frequency band is less than -26 dB, which means it has high isolation.

[0045] See also Figure 9-12 , Figure 9-12 is the xoy radiation pattern of the broadband multi-beam antenna in this embodiment when each port is fed at 5000 MHz; wherein, Figure 9 The figure shows the xoy radiation pattern when port 1 (Port1) is fed at 5000 MHz. Figure 10 The figure shows the xoy radiation pattern when feeding port 2 (Port2) at 5000 MHz. Figure 11 The figure shows the xoy radiation pattern when feeding port 3 at 5000 MHz. Figure 12 The figure shows the xoy radiation pattern when port 4 is fed at 5000 MHz. The results in the figure show that the antenna has good directional radiation characteristics.

[0046] From the above experiments, it can be seen that the broadband multi-beam antenna proposed in the present invention can achieve broadband multi-beam characteristics when feeding multiple ports at the same time. Although the radiation directions are different, they have the same operating frequency band and have the advantage of a simple structure.

[0047] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with this technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, who makes equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A broadband multi-beam antenna, characterized in that: The invention comprises four groups of antenna mechanisms symmetrical about a center, each group of antenna mechanisms comprises a ground plate (1), a radiating element (4), a probe (7) and a metal plate assembly; the probe (7) penetrates and is rotatably connected to the ground plate (1), the bottom end of the probe (7) is connected to a feeding structure, and the radiating element (4) is connected to the upper end of the probe (7); the metal plate assembly is connected to the upper surface of the ground plate (1) and partially surrounds the radiating element (4), and there are four groups of metal plate assemblies in total, each group of metal plate assemblies consists of two large metal plates (2) and two small metal plates (3), the two large metal plates (2) are perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the ground plate (1), and the two small metal plates (3) are respectively perpendicularly connected to the vertical edges of the large metal plates (2) and perpendicular to the ground plate (1), and surround the radiating element (4) on both sides; the radiating element (4), the probe (7) and the feeding structure below the ground plate (1) are coaxially arranged.

2. The broadband multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding structure comprises an upper cylindrical conductor (8) and a bottom cylindrical conductor (9), wherein the upper cylindrical conductor (8) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the probe (7), a circular feeding surface having the same size as the bottom surface of the upper cylindrical conductor (8) is provided on the lower surface of the upper cylindrical conductor (8), and the bottom cylindrical conductor (9) is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the upper cylindrical conductor (8).

3. The broadband multi-beam antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A short rectangular branch (5) is fixedly connected to the upper side of one side of the radiation element (4), and a long rectangular branch (6) is provided on the opposite side of the short rectangular branch (5); the short rectangular branch (5) and the long rectangular branch (6) are directly fed with power by the probe (7).

4. The broadband multi-beam antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The short rectangular branch (5) and the long rectangular branch (6) are directly connected to the radiation element (4) to adjust the impedance bandwidth and frequency distribution range of the antenna.

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