A premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp and a preparation method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of fish feed. A premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp comprises the following components: wormwood, hawthorn, complex vitamins, manno-oligosaccharides and nutrient slow-release particles; the preparation method comprises the steps of: mixing wormwood and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; and uniformly mixing manno-oligosaccharides, complex vitamins, nutrient slow-release particles and the intermediate material to obtain a premix. The premix prepared by the present invention is added to daily feed, and has the characteristics of excellently promoting fish growth and improving its immunity.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fish feed, and relates to a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp and a preparation method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Grass carp meat is rich in protein, with a complete protein content between 17% and 22%. The types and proportions of essential amino acids contained in it just meet the needs of the human body and are easy to digest and absorb. Its fat content is low, and most of it is unsaturated fatty acids, which have a significant effect on lowering cholesterol. In addition, grass carp meat is also rich in trace elements such as phosphorus, calcium, and iron, as well as vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, folic acid, vitamin B2, and vitamin B12, providing comprehensive nutritional support for the human body. It is worth mentioning that the magnesium content in grass carp meat is also quite rich, which has a good protective effect on the cardiovascular system and helps prevent the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and myocardial infarction.

[0003] Long-term and moderate consumption of grass carp can not only nourish the stomach, promote diuresis and reduce swelling, and promote lactation, but also has the effects of clearing away heat and detoxifying, and relieving cough and gas. In view of its comprehensive nutritional value and high digestibility, grass carp has gradually won the love and favor of consumers.

[0004] Some trace elements, such as magnesium, zinc, and calcium, are often added to grass carp feeds, and 28% to 49% of magnesium in magnesium oxide can be absorbed by the gastrointestinal tract of grass carp. The utilization rate of magnesium is the main factor that determines the amount of magnesium-containing minerals added to fish feeds and the total level of magnesium in fish feeds. In addition, magnesium ions are activators of multiple enzymes, participating in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, pyrophosphatase, etc. in the activation of amino acid metabolism, and participating in almost all reactions related to protein synthesis and ATP.

[0005] Adding magnesium to fish feed can significantly increase grass carp feed intake, while magnesium deficiency can lead to a decrease in feed intake, even loss of appetite, and reduce the digestibility of cellulose. However, excessive magnesium in fish feed can also reduce feed intake, reduce palatability, and lead to a decrease in grass carp feed intake. In addition, magnesium oxide has a laxative effect, causing diarrhea due to osmosis, resulting in a decrease in milk production. Therefore, high magnesium and low magnesium are not conducive to the growth of grass carp. Appropriate magnesium concentration can promote the growth and development of grass carp.

[0006] Directly adding traditional inorganic trace elements (such as magnesium salts) to feed has poor physical and chemical stability, and has great oxidative damage to vitamins, enzyme preparations, oils and fats in premixes or feeds, affecting the appearance, smell and quality of premixes or feeds. During the absorption process, it is easy to dissociate metal ions and combine with phytic acid to form substances that are difficult to absorb and are excreted from the body. Summary of the invention

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp and a preparation method thereof. The prepared premix has the characteristics of excellently promoting the growth of fish and improving its immunity.

[0008] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0009] A premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, comprising the following components by weight: 15-20 parts of wormwood, 6-9 parts of hawthorn, 0.5-0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 3-5 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 1.5-3.0 parts of nutrient slow-release particles.

[0010] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the complex vitamin includes one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E and vitamin K.

[0011] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the hydroxymethionine chelate has a clear structure and good stability, and is not easy to dissociate, absorb moisture, or agglomerate in the air, in contact with water or at high temperature. Compared with inorganic trace elements, it is not easy to decompose during the processing, storage and transportation of feed or premixes, and has less oxidative damage to vitamins, enzyme preparations, oils, etc., which is conducive to the realization of precise nutrition formula; because it has a higher absorption rate, it can also allow more trace element zinc to be absorbed by the body, so it can significantly reduce the zinc content excreted into the environment during production, and improve the digestibility of the overall feed.

[0012] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, the present invention uses magnesium oxide and hydroxymethionine zinc as raw materials, and generates magnesium precipitation in situ on hydroxymethionine zinc by mechanical grinding. In this process, the newly generated magnesium precipitation will gradually grow on the surface of the ultrafine hydroxymethionine zinc as the core. Subsequently, citric acid is used to react with magnesium to convert the surface of the composite powder into magnesium citrate. Compared with the direct use of magnesium citrate, the magnesium citrate generated by this method has better adhesion and stability, and the nutritional sustained-release particles have high nutritional value and are not easy to lose.

[0013] The invention discloses a method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1, mixing mugwort and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material;

[0015] S2. Mix manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient sustained-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix.

[0016] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step S1, the dehydration and drying is drying at a temperature of 75-85°C for 2-3h; and the screening is screening through an 80-mesh sieve.

[0017] The present invention discloses a method for preparing the nutrient slow-release granules, comprising the following steps:

[0018] 1) mixing magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, stirring and grinding to obtain a mixed solution;

[0019] 2) After the mixed solution is filtered and dried, a composite powder can be obtained;

[0020] 3) Spraying the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, treating it at a constant temperature, and then drying it to obtain the composite powder.

[0021] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1), the stirring and grinding is performed at a rotation speed of 1200-1600 r / min for 3-5 hours.

[0022] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1), the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and grinding aid is 4:1.6-2.5:2-3:0.01-0.02; the grinding aid is one or more of sodium hexametaphosphate, hydroxyethyl methylcellulose and sodium tripolyphosphate; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the grinding medium is 1:2-5; and the grinding medium is zirconium beads.

[0023] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 1), the grinding aid is formed by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:0.8-1.2; the compounding of sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose can significantly solve the powder agglomeration phenomenon, improve the dispersibility of magnesium oxide and hydroxymethionine zinc powder, and improve the grinding efficiency.

[0024] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 2), the drying temperature is 110-120°C.

[0025] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 3), the preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 50-60°C; the constant temperature treatment is to maintain the solution at 70-80°C for 4-6 hours.

[0026] As a preferred technical solution of the present invention, in step 3), the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:10-13; and the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 15-20%.

[0027] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0028] The present invention uses natural, residue-free and highly stable mannooligosaccharides to regulate the intestinal flora environment of grass carp, improve the immunity of grass carp, enhance the antioxidant capacity, relieve inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism and promote the growth performance of grass carp. It can enhance the systemic and local immune system, strengthen the integrity and function of the intestine and stimulate the innate immune system.

[0029] The nutritional composite particles increase digestive enzyme activity, improve antioxidant and nonspecific immune capabilities, and also increase the richness of intestinal flora and species diversity. The richness and species diversity of intestinal flora are higher; when the addition amount is 60-90mg / kg, the antioxidant capacity of grass carp is the strongest. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to further illustrate the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention to achieve the predetermined invention purpose, the specific implementation methods, structures, features and effects of the present invention are described in detail below in combination with the embodiments.

[0031] Example 1

[0032] A method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0033] S1, mixing wormwood and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; the dehydrating and drying is drying at 75° C. for 2 hours; the sieving is sieving through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0034] S2, mixing manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient slow-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix;

[0035] The premix comprises the following components by weight: 15 parts of wormwood, 6 parts of hawthorn, 0.5 parts of complex vitamins, 3 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 1.5 parts of nutritional slow-release particles; the complex vitamins are formed by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0036] The preparation method of the nutrient slow-release granules comprises the following steps:

[0037] 1) After mixing magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, the mixture is ground at a speed of 1200 r / min for 3 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and the grinding aid is 4:1.6:2:0.01; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the grinding medium is 1:2; the grinding medium is zirconium beads; the grinding aid is prepared by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:0.8;

[0038] 2) After the mixed solution is filtered and dried, a composite powder can be obtained; the drying temperature is 110°C;

[0039] 3) spraying the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, and drying after isothermal treatment to obtain the composite powder; the preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 50°C; the isothermal treatment is to maintain the temperature at 70°C for 4 hours; the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:10; and the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 15%.

[0040] Example 2

[0041] A method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0042] S1, mixing wormwood and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; the dehydrating and drying is drying at 78° C. for 2.5 hours; the sieving is sieving through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0043] S2, mixing manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient slow-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix;

[0044] The premix comprises the following components by weight: 17 parts of wormwood, 7 parts of hawthorn, 0.54 parts of complex vitamins, 3.7 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 2 parts of nutritional slow-release particles; the complex vitamins are formed by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0045] The preparation method of the nutrient slow-release granules comprises the following steps:

[0046] 1) After mixing magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, the mixture is ground at a speed of 1300 r / min for 3.5 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and the grinding aid is 4:1.9:2.3:0.015; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the grinding medium is 1:3; the grinding medium is zirconium beads; the grinding aid is prepared by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:0.9;

[0047] 2) After the mixed solution is filtered and dried, a composite powder can be obtained; the drying temperature is 115°C;

[0048] 3) Spraying the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, and drying after isothermal treatment to obtain the composite powder; the preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 55°C; the isothermal treatment is to maintain the temperature at 75°C for 4.5 hours; the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:11; and the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 17%.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0051] S1, mixing wormwood and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; the dehydrating and drying is drying at 82° C. for 2.5 hours; the sieving is sieving through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0052] S2, mixing manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient slow-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix;

[0053] The premix comprises the following components by weight: 18 parts of wormwood, 8 parts of hawthorn, 0.58 parts of complex vitamins, 4.3 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 2.5 parts of nutritional slow-release particles; the complex vitamins are formed by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0054] The preparation method of the nutrient slow-release granules comprises the following steps:

[0055] 1) After mixing magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, the mixture is ground at a speed of 1400 r / min for 4.5 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and the grinding aid is 4:2.2:2.7:0.015; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the grinding medium is 1:4; the grinding medium is zirconium beads; the grinding aid is prepared by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:1.1;

[0056] 2) After the mixed solution is filtered and dried, a composite powder can be obtained; the drying temperature is 115°C;

[0057] 3) spraying the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, and drying after isothermal treatment to obtain the composite powder; the preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 55°C; the isothermal treatment is to maintain the temperature at 75°C for 5.5h; the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:12; and the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 18%.

[0058] Example 4

[0059] A method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, the preparation method comprising the following steps:

[0060] S1, mixing wormwood and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; the dehydrating and drying is drying at 85° C. for 3 hours; the sieving is passing through an 80-mesh sieve;

[0061] S2, mixing manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient slow-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix;

[0062] The premix comprises the following components by weight: 20 parts of wormwood, 9 parts of hawthorn, 0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 5 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 3.0 parts of nutritional slow-release particles; the complex vitamins are formed by mixing vitamin A, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6 in a mass ratio of 1:1:1;

[0063] The preparation method of the nutrient slow-release granules comprises the following steps:

[0064] 1) After mixing magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, the mixture is ground at a speed of 1600 r / min for 5 hours to obtain a mixed solution; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and the grinding aid is 4:2.5:3:0.02; the mass ratio of the magnesium oxide to the grinding medium is 1:5; the grinding medium is zirconium beads; the grinding aid is prepared by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:1.2;

[0065] 2) After the mixed solution is filtered and dried, a composite powder can be obtained; the drying temperature is 120°C;

[0066] 3) spraying the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, and drying after isothermal treatment to obtain the composite powder; the preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 60°C; the isothermal treatment is to maintain the temperature at 80°C for 6 hours; the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:13; the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 20%.

[0067] Comparative Example 1

[0068] Compared with Example 4, the difference is that zinc hydroxymethionine is not used, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0069] Comparative Example 2

[0070] Compared with Example 4, the difference is that magnesium oxide is not used, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0071] Comparative Example 3

[0072] Compared with Example 4, the difference is that magnesium citrate replaces magnesium oxide, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0073] Comparative Examples 4-6

[0074] Compared with Example 4, the difference is that the amounts of wormwood, hawthorn, mannooligosaccharide and nutritional sustained-release granules in Comparative Examples 4-6 are as shown in Table 1, and the other components, preparation steps and parameters are the same.

[0075] Table 1 (Unit: parts by weight)

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Basic grass carp feed: Peruvian fish meal 20g / kg, soybean meal 250g / kg, rapeseed meal 200g / kg, cottonseed meal 150g / kg, malt root 130g / kg, second meal 150g / kg, soybean lecithin 5g / kg, soybean oil 20g / kg, phosphate ester 1g / kg, choline chloride 2g / kg, monocalcium phosphate 20g / kg, zeolite powder 30g / kg, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 2g / kg, crude protein 30.85%, crude fat 4.01%, phosphorus 1.2%.

[0079] The premixes prepared in Examples 1-4 and Comparative Examples 1-6 were mixed with basic grass carp feed to obtain experimental feeds, with the premixes accounting for 2% of the total mass. The experimental feeds were tested as follows, and the test results are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Test Example 1

[0081] Grass carp seedlings of vigorous, young grass carp (weighing about 50g) purchased from the same batch were selected. These seedlings were randomly distributed into a circular feeding bucket with a diameter of 2 meters, and 100 seedlings were allocated to each pool. Starting from the second day after the seedlings were placed in the pool, they were fed with basic grass carp feed for seven consecutive days for domestication, and the dry weight of the bait fed during the period accounted for 4% of the feeding amount during the entire breeding period. After the domestication stage, the experimental feed prepared according to Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 6 was fed in ten pools respectively. Feeding was scheduled three times a day (8:00, 12:00, 17:00), with the fish being full. At the same time, feces were cleaned up every day, residual bait was sucked off before feeding, and water was changed once. In order to maintain water quality, microporous aeration and oxygenation were carried out 24 hours a day to ensure that the dissolved oxygen content remained above 4.0mg / L. The test water was tap water that was fully aerated, and the water temperature was controlled between 22°C and 28°C. The entire experimental period was 4 weeks. After the experiment, the grass carp in each pond were inspected and the survival rate and average body weight were recorded; the results are shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2

[0083]

[0084]

[0085] From the test results in Table 1, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Examples 1-6, the premix compound basic feed prepared in Examples 1-4 of the present invention has a promoting effect on the growth and disease resistance of grass carp.

[0086] The present invention uses natural, residue-free and highly stable mannooligosaccharides to regulate the intestinal flora environment of grass carp, improve the immunity of grass carp, enhance the antioxidant capacity, relieve inflammatory response, regulate lipid metabolism and promote the growth performance of grass carp. It can enhance the systemic and local immune system, strengthen the integrity and function of the intestine and stimulate the innate immune system.

[0087] The present invention uses magnesium oxide and citric acid as raw materials to make magnesium citrate attached to the surface of the composite powder. This method makes it easier for grass carp to absorb trace elements of magnesium and zinc, reduces the zinc and magnesium content excreted into the environment, improves feed digestibility, and the dissociated citric acid creates an acidic environment to further promote the absorption of trace elements. Zinc methionine increases the grass carp's feed intake, daily weight gain and feed-to-meat ratio, while increasing the grass carp's vitality and immunity and reducing the diarrhea rate.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any form. Although the present invention has been disclosed as a preferred embodiment as above, it is not used to limit the present invention. Any technical personnel in this field can make some changes or modify the technical contents disclosed above into equivalent embodiments without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention. However, any brief modifications, equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the content of the technical solution of the present invention are still within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp, characterized in that: The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing mugwort and hawthorn, dehydrating, drying, crushing, and sieving to obtain an intermediate material; S2, mixing manno-oligosaccharide, multivitamins, nutrient slow-release granules and intermediate material evenly to obtain a premix; The preparation method of the nutrient slow-release granules comprises the following steps: 1) Mix magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and a grinding aid, and grind at a speed of 1200-1600 r / min for 3-5 hours to obtain a mixed solution; The mass ratio of magnesium oxide, zinc hydroxymethionine, deionized water and grinding aid is 4:1.6-2.5:2-3:0.01-0.02; the grinding aid is prepared by mixing sodium hexametaphosphate and hydroxyethyl methylcellulose in a mass ratio of 3:0.8-1.2; the mass ratio of magnesium oxide to grinding medium is 1:2-5; the grinding medium is zirconium beads; 2) After the mixed liquid is filtered and dried, the composite powder can be obtained; 3) Spray the preheated citric acid solution onto the surface of the composite powder, treat it at a constant temperature, and then dry it to obtain the composite powder; The preheating is to heat the citric acid solution to 50-60° C.; the constant temperature treatment is to maintain the temperature at 70-80° C. for 4-6 hours.

2. The method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the dehydration and drying is drying at a temperature of 75-85°C for 2-3 hours; and the screening is screening through an 80-mesh sieve.

3. The method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 2), the drying temperature is 110-120°C.

4. The method for preparing a premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3), the mass ratio of the composite powder to the citric acid solution is 1:10-13; the mass concentration of the citric acid solution is 15-20%.

5. A premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The premix comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-20 parts of wormwood, 6-9 parts of hawthorn, 0.5-0.6 parts of complex vitamins, 3-5 parts of manno-oligosaccharides and 1.5-3.0 parts of nutrient slow-release particles.

6. The premix for enhancing the disease resistance of grass carp according to claim 5, characterized in that: The complex vitamin includes one or more of vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, vitamin E and vitamin K.

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