A service table for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling

Abstract

The present invention provides a service table for polling data of downhole instruments in logging while drilling. The service table stores information including frame number, number of data configured in the frame, number of times the frame is cycled in polling, instrument address where the data is located, measurement parameters and valid digits of the instrument where the data is located, total frame number, total number of frames, number of error frames, etc. The service table architecture for polling data of downhole instruments in logging while drilling proposed by the present invention has been used in actual drilling instruments and has completed field operations of multiple wells. Compared with the simplified service table in the past, the service table proposed by the present invention can support the simultaneous operation of multiple downhole instruments, improve drilling efficiency, and save drilling costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of geology, and in particular relates to a service table for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling. Background Art

[0002] Logging while drilling can obtain formation information such as natural gamma, formation resistivity, neutron porosity, etc. in a timely manner while drilling. Compared with cable logging, it has better real-time performance, higher efficiency and more accurate data. There are many types of logging while drilling instruments, mainly including four types of instruments: well-to-ground transmission instruments, while drilling measurement instruments, while drilling logging instruments and rotary steerable instruments. Various instruments form a logging while drilling instrument string through the downhole bus. The rotary steerable instrument is located at the bottom of the instrument string and is responsible for forward drilling. The while drilling measurement instrument and the while drilling logging instrument are connected to the upper end of the rotary steerable instrument to determine the drilling attitude and obtain formation data. The well-to-ground transmission instrument is located at the top of the instrument string and is responsible for the data exchange between the well and the ground. The drilling attitude data and formation parameter data uploaded to the ground by the well-to-ground transmission instrument all come from other instruments in the downhole instrument string, and different instruments contain multiple data types, especially logging instruments such as while drilling azimuth electromagnetic waves and while drilling azimuth acoustic waves. Depending on the measured azimuth or physical quantity, the data measured by a single instrument includes dozens of types. Depending on the different formations and well conditions, the demand for data during the drilling process is also different. In the face of multiple and complex data types, how to effectively integrate them, reduce invalid code elements, and allow data types to be flexibly selected for uploading is the key to improving drilling efficiency and saving drilling costs.

[0003] The acquisition of various data of multiple instruments in the downhole instrument string is completed by the downhole central control unit. The central control unit completes the acquisition of various types of downhole data by polling the downhole instruments through the built-in service table. At present, the instrument string combination of some oil fields is relatively simple. Generally, drilling can be completed with one attitude measurement instrument and one well-to-ground transmission instrument. Therefore, the service table architecture is relatively simple, and only the attitude information such as well inclination, azimuth, and tool face needs to be uploaded in a fixed manner. When the number of instruments in the instrument string increases and the types of data to be acquired increase, the simple service table architecture cannot meet the needs. In addition, the data to be uploaded is different according to different instrument combinations and formation parameters. More flexible selection and combination of the data to be uploaded is required. For example, when the instrument string includes azimuth resistivity and azimuth acoustic wave, in addition to uploading attitude information such as well inclination, azimuth, and tool face, it is also necessary to upload resistivity data and acoustic wave data in different azimuths. How to combine and fuse these data requires the well site technicians to configure according to the on-site conditions. Therefore, a more complex service table architecture is required to meet the well site needs. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above problems and address this situation, the present invention proposes a more complete service table architecture that can be applied to more complex instrument string combinations.

[0005] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows:

[0006] A service table for downhole instrument data polling in logging while drilling, wherein the service table configuration information includes:

[0007] Frame number, used for frame number identification of well-ground transmission;

[0008] The number of data configured in the frame indicates that the frame has been configured with the number of data to be uploaded;

[0009] The number of times the frame is cycled in the polling process indicates the number of times it is repeatedly sent to the well transmission instrument and uploaded to the surface during the polling process;

[0010] The instrument address where the data is located is used to indicate which instrument in the well the configured data to be uploaded comes from;

[0011] Measurement parameter, used to indicate that the data to be uploaded is a certain parameter of the instrument;

[0012] The effective digits are used to indicate the effective digits of the data after removing the invalid high-order 0;

[0013] The number of valid bytes in the frame is used to encapsulate the number of valid bits after data splicing and compression;

[0014] Total frame number: indicates how many frames are configured in the service table this time, which is used to determine the number of frame numbers for cyclic polling;

[0015] The total number of polling frames H and L are used to record the total number of frames of data sent to the well transmission instrument, and to perform polling monitoring of the central control unit;

[0016] Polling error frame number H and polling error frame number L are used to record the number of polling error frames and perform polling monitoring of the central control unit;

[0017] Whether to send status bit: used to indicate whether the downhole status needs to be uploaded, used to determine whether there is a fault, and stop drilling if there is a fault.

[0018] Furthermore, the configuration information is configured using one byte.

[0019] Furthermore, the total polling frame number H, the total polling frame number L, the polling error frame number H and the polling error frame number L are configured to be 0 before the instrument is lowered into the well.

[0020] Furthermore, the error includes a polling instrument response timeout or a polling instrument data reception error.

[0021] Furthermore, the downhole status includes whether the downhole instrument bus voltage, the downhole instrument bus current, and the central control unit data polling are normal.

[0022] A method for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling, applied to the service table as claimed in claim 1, comprising:

[0023] Step 1: Before the instrument is lowered into the well, determine the downhole instrument and corresponding instrument data required for this drilling, configure the service table based on this, and then download it into the ROM of the central control unit for storage;

[0024] Step 2: After the service table is downloaded and saved in the ROM of the central control unit, the instrument is lowered into the well and drilling begins, and the central control unit begins to wait for data acquisition instructions from the well transmission instrument;

[0025] Step 3: After receiving the data acquisition instruction from the underground transmission instrument, the central control unit starts to poll the underground instruments according to the first frame configured in the service table, starting from the configured data 1 to be acquired and ending with the configured last data to be acquired, and sends instructions to request data to the corresponding instruments one by one until all the data in this frame have been acquired;

[0026] Step 4: After obtaining all the data of this frame, the data is spliced ​​and merged according to the configured number of valid bits and the number of valid bytes of the frame;

[0027] Step 5: After completing the fusion and splicing of the first frame of data, the data of this frame is then encapsulated according to the protocol and sent to the well-ground transmission instrument for ground data upload. At the same time, it is determined whether the polling of this frame of data is completed normally, and the total number of polling frames and the number of polling error frames are recorded, and updated in the service table;

[0028] Step 6: After the first frame of data is sent to the well-ground transmission instrument, the central control unit waits for the next data request instruction from the well-ground transmission instrument, and then automatically prepares data according to the second frame configured in the service table, repeating steps 3, 4 and 5 until all frames configured in the service table are sent to the well-ground transmission instrument;

[0029] Step 7: Determine whether it is necessary to send the working status of the downhole instrument according to the configuration in the service table. If it is necessary to send, send monitoring information such as the downhole instrument bus voltage, downhole instrument bus current, and whether the central control unit data polling is normal to the well transmission instrument;

[0030] Step 8: Start again from the third frame in the service table and start a new round of work from step 3 to step 7. The pump-on sequence of the first frame and the second frame will no longer be sent cyclically.

[0031] Furthermore, the downloading into the ROM of the central control unit and storing it specifically comprises:

[0032] When saving, the frame header, the number of bytes of data in this frame and the total number of bytes of the service table configured this time are not stored, and are only used as auxiliary counts when the central control unit downloads the service table; among them, the first frame and the second frame with frame numbers 0x00 and 0x01 are pump-on sequences, which are uploaded only once after the instrument string is powered on. The sequence from frame number 0x02 to the last frame of the configuration is a cyclic sequence. After the pump-on sequences of the first frame and the second frame are sent, the subsequent frames of data are sent cyclically.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0034] (1) The maximum number of configurable frame numbers can reach 256, which solves the problem of insufficient frame numbers when the instrument string contains many instruments;

[0035] (2) When polling while drilling, the service table configuration is more flexible, guided by the data to be polled. Different parameters of different instruments can be flexibly combined and configured, which can largely meet the different data requirements of different well conditions and different formations;

[0036] (3) The total number of instruments in the instrument string can be configured to be up to 256, and the number of configurable measurement parameters for each instrument can be up to 256, which avoids the problem of limited number of instruments that can be connected to the instrument string and limited configurable parameters for a single instrument;

[0037] (4) Two configuration options, namely the number of valid bits and the number of valid bytes in the frame, have been added to complete the splicing and fusion of multiple instruments and multiple data, remove invalid bits, save channel resources for well-ground transmission instruments, and greatly improve transmission efficiency;

[0038] (5) By configuring the total number of polling frames, the number of polling error frames, and whether to send the status bit in the service table, the instrument status can be well monitored during the drilling process to avoid instrument damage and drilling accidents during the drilling process. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings generally illustrate various embodiments by way of example and not limitation, and together with the description and claims, serve to illustrate the embodiments of the invention. Where appropriate, the same reference numerals are used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Such embodiments are illustrative and are not intended to be exhaustive or exclusive embodiments of the present apparatus or method.

[0040] Figure 1 The service representation of the present invention is shown;

[0041] Figure 2 The service table data downloaded into the central control unit ROM of the present invention is shown;

[0042] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of data splicing and fusion processing of the present invention is shown;

[0043] Figure 4 The data format sent from the central control unit of the present invention to the well transmission instrument is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features in the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0045] The service table architecture proposed in the embodiment of the present invention is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the service table stores information including the frame number, the number of data configured in the frame, the number of times the frame is cycled in the polling, the instrument address where the data is located, the measurement parameters and valid bits of the instrument where the data is located, the total frame number, the total number of frames, the number of error frames, etc. Each configuration information in the service table is configured with one byte. The specific meaning of each information in the service table architecture is as follows:

[0046] Frame number: used for frame number identification of well-ground transmission. After the central control unit polls and obtains the data configured in this frame, it sends all data to the well-ground transmission instrument by frame. A total of 256 frames can be configured under this service table architecture.

[0047] The number of data configured in this frame: Each frame can be configured with up to 10 data. This byte indicates that the frame has been configured with the number of data that needs to be uploaded.

[0048] The number of times the frame is cycled in polling: The configured frame can be repeatedly sent to the well transmission instrument and uploaded to the ground during the polling process. This byte indicates the number of times the frame is cycled in polling, which can achieve the purpose of multiple transmissions with a single configuration.

[0049] The instrument address where the data is located: Data 1 to Data 10. Each data includes three bytes that need to be configured. The instrument address where the data is located indicates which instrument in the well the data to be uploaded comes from. This byte configures the address number of the instrument for identification of the well instrument. This architecture allows up to 256 instruments to be configured.

[0050] Measurement parameters: Since the same downhole instrument may have multiple data that need to be uploaded to the surface, after configuring the instrument address where the data is located, configure the measurement parameters to indicate which parameter of the instrument the data to be uploaded is for downhole instrument identification. Under this architecture, each instrument can have a maximum of 256 parameters.

[0051] Valid bits: The data sent by the downhole instrument to the central control unit is sent in bytes as the smallest unit, and some data does not require an integer number of bytes. For example, the data range of the azimuth is 0° to 360°, which only requires 9 bits, but the instrument will send it in 16 bits, which results in the upper 7 bits being all 0. If no processing is done, the underground transmission will send all the upper 7 bits of 0 to the ground, resulting in a waste of the transmission channel and reducing the transmission efficiency. The number of valid bits configured in the service table is used to indicate the number of valid bits of the data after removing the invalid high-bit 0. The central control unit deletes the invalid high-bit 0 of the data according to the valid bits of the data, and then splices multiple data of the same frame into new data and sends it to the underground transmission, so as to achieve the effect of data compression and improve the transmission efficiency of the underground transmission instrument.

[0052] Number of valid bytes of the frame: The number of valid bytes of the frame is used in conjunction with the number of valid bits of the data. After completing data splicing and compression based on the number of valid bits, the integer bytes of the frame are encapsulated based on the number of valid bytes of the frame, and then sent to the well transmission instrument in bytes.

[0053] Total frame number: The total frame number indicates how many frames are configured in the service table this time, and is used to determine the number of frame numbers for cyclic polling. A cycle starts from frame number 0 and ends with the last frame number N, and then the next polling begins.

[0054] Total polling frames H and total polling frames L: These two bytes are configured to 0 before the instrument is lowered into the well. When the central control unit performs while-drilling polling, they are used to record the total number of frames of data sent to the well transmission instrument for polling monitoring of the central control unit.

[0055] Polling error frame number H and polling error frame number L: These two bytes are configured to 0 before the instrument is lowered into the well. When the central control unit performs while-drilling polling, they are used to record the number of polling error frames. Errors include polling instrument response timeout or polling instrument data reception error, etc., to perform polling monitoring of the central control unit.

[0056] Whether to send status bit: The configuration of this byte is used to indicate whether it is necessary to upload the downhole status, including the downhole instrument bus voltage, downhole instrument bus current, whether the central control unit data polling is normal, and other monitoring information, which is used to determine whether there is a fault. If there is a fault, drilling is stopped. If this bit is configured as 0, there is no need to monitor, saving well-ground transmission resources. If it is configured as 1, it needs to be monitored. The information that needs to be monitored needs to be confirmed and fixed in advance, and is not configured in the service table.

[0057] The steps of the service table of the present invention in actual engineering use are as follows:

[0058] Step 1: Before the instrument is lowered into the well, determine the downhole instruments and corresponding instrument data required for this drilling, and configure the service table based on this. Then download it into the ROM of the central control unit for storage. The format of the service table downloaded into the ROM is as follows: Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the download and storage are performed in bytes. When storing, the frame header, the number of bytes of the data in this frame, and the total number of bytes of the service table configured this time are not stored, but are only used as auxiliary counts when the central control unit downloads the service table. Among them, the first and second frames with frame numbers 0x00 and 0x01 are pump-on sequences, which are uploaded only once after the instrument string is powered on. From frame number 0x02 to the last frame of the configuration is a cyclic sequence. After the pump-on sequences of the first and second frames are sent, the subsequent frames of data are sent cyclically.

[0059] Step 2: After the service table is downloaded and saved in the ROM of the central control unit, the instrument is lowered into the well and drilling begins. The central control unit begins to wait for data acquisition instructions from the well transmission instrument.

[0060] Step 3: After the central control unit receives the data acquisition instruction from the underground transmission instrument, it starts to poll the underground instruments according to the first frame configured in the service table, starting from the configured data 1 to be acquired and ending with the configured last data to be acquired, and sends instructions to the corresponding instruments one by one to request data until all data in this frame have been acquired.

[0061] Step 4: After obtaining all the data of this frame, the data is spliced ​​and fused according to the configured effective number of bits and the effective number of bytes of the frame. The splicing and fusion diagram is as follows: Figure 3 shown.

[0062] Step 5: After completing the fusion and splicing of the first frame of data, encapsulate the data according to the protocol and send it to the ground transmission instrument for ground upload. At the same time, determine whether the polling of this frame of data is completed normally, record the total number of polling frames and the number of polling error frames, and update them in the service table.

[0063] Step 6: After the first frame of data is sent to the well-to-ground transmission instrument, the central control unit waits for the next data request instruction from the well-to-ground transmission instrument, and then automatically prepares data according to the second frame configured in the service table, repeating steps 3, 4 and 5 until all frames configured in the service table (frame number 0 to frame number N) are sent to the well-to-ground transmission instrument.

[0064] Step 7: Determine whether it is necessary to send the downhole instrument working status according to the configuration in the service table. If it is necessary to send, send monitoring information such as the downhole instrument bus voltage, downhole instrument bus current, and whether the central control unit data polling is normal to the well transmission instrument.

[0065] Step 8: Start again from the third frame in the service table and start a new round of work from step 3 to step 7. The pump-on sequence of the first frame and the second frame will no longer be sent cyclically.

[0066] A test platform is built to verify and test the service table architecture proposed in the present invention. The test platform includes the key circuit system of the well-to-ground transmission instrument, the central control unit for polling and the bus circuit system for instrument hanging. The key circuits of the attitude measurement instrument and the gamma logging instrument are used to simulate the downhole instruments to perform the working test of the service table architecture.

[0067] The address number of the attitude measurement instrument given in this test is 0x18, and the address number of the gamma logging instrument is 0x0C. The downloaded service table has a total of 4 frames. It is necessary to obtain 7 parameters such as well inclination, azimuth, tool surface, temperature, etc. of the attitude measurement instrument and the formation gamma value measured by the gamma logging instrument. The first and second frames are the pump-on sequence, which is sent once after power-on. The third and fourth frames are the cyclic sequence, which is sent cyclically. The specific configuration of the service table is as follows:

[0068] 440A 22000701180111180211180311180411180511180611180711000000000000000O OF

[0069] 440A 22010701180111180211180311180411180511180611180711000000000000000O OF

[0070] 440A 220203011803111805110C 011100000000000000000000000000000000000000000007

[0071] 440A 220305011803111801111802111806111805110000OO 000O OO0000000000000000000B

[0072] 440A 06040000000001 44 07 00 88

[0074] According to the configured service table, the test platform is powered on and operated, and the data interaction between the well-ground transmission instrument and the central control unit is monitored to verify whether the application of the service table achieves the expected effect. The monitoring results are all displayed in hexadecimal. The data format sent by the central control unit to the well-ground transmission instrument is as follows Figure 4 shown.

[0075] The monitoring results are shown below, where 0x50 is the data acquisition instruction sent by the well-to-ground transmission instrument, followed by the data sent by the central control unit to the well-to-ground transmission instrument.

[0076] [2023-04-2016:37:23.594]#SEND HEX>

[0077] 50 (0x50 is the well-to-ground transmission instrument data request instruction)

[0078] [2023-04-2016:37:25.565]#RECV HEX>

[0079] 5A 5A 001077121802647342D742742C 402AB9496C 01 (the first frame of data returned by the central control unit)

[0080] [2023-04-2016:37:33.686]#RECV HEX> 50

[0082] [2023-04-2016:37:35.665]#RECV HEX>

[0083] 5A 5A 0110778403840226336838B93A 0100001C 02BE (the second frame data returned by the central control unit)

[0084] [2023-04-2016:37:41.257]#RECV HEX> 50

[0086] [2023-04-2016:37:42.717]#RECV HEX>

[0087] 5A 5A 020833C90C 4C 2702000095 (the third frame data returned by the central control unit)

[0088] [2023-04-2016:37:46.441]#RECV HEX> 50

[0090] [2023-04-2016:37:48.154]#RECV HEX>

[0091] 5A 5A 030C 55C90C 08070C 052800D0371147 (the fourth frame data returned by the central control unit)

[0092] [2023-04-2016:37:50.236]#RECV HEX> 50

[0094] [2023-04-2016:37:51.305]#RECV HEX>

[0095] 5A 5A 0E 0202000E (the downhole instrument working normally flag returned by the central control unit)

[0096] [2023-04-2016:38:19.262]#RECV HEX> 50

[0098] [2023-04-2016:38:20.722]#RECV HEX>

[0099] 5A 5A 020833C90C 422700000099 (the next polling cycle starts from the third frame)

[0100] [2023-04-2016:38:49.080]#RECV HEX> 50

[0102] [2023-04-2016:38:50.790]#RECV HEX>

[0103] 5A 5A 030C 55C90C 080714052800B037113F

[0104] [2023-04-2016:38:51.955]#RECV HEX> 50

[0106] [2023-04-2016:38:53.028]#RECV HEX>

[0107] 5A 5A 0E 0202000E

[0108] [2023-04-2016:38:53.944]#RECV HEX> 50

[0110] [2023-04-2016:38:55.405]#RECV HEX>

[0111] 5A 5A 020833C90C 0C 27000000D7

[0112] The service table architecture for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling proposed in the present invention has been used in actual drilling instruments and has completed field operations in multiple wells. Compared with the previous simplified service tables, the service table proposed in the present invention can support the simultaneous operation of multiple downhole instruments, thereby improving drilling efficiency and saving drilling costs.

[0113] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Before the instrument is lowered into the well, determine the downhole instrument and corresponding instrument data required for this drilling, configure the service table based on this, and then download it into the ROM of the central control unit for storage; Step 2: After the service table is downloaded and saved in the ROM of the central control unit, the instrument is lowered into the well and drilling begins, and the central control unit begins to wait for data acquisition instructions from the well transmission instrument; Step 3: After receiving the data acquisition instruction from the underground transmission instrument, the central control unit starts to poll the underground instruments according to the first frame configured in the service table, starting from the configured data 1 to be acquired and ending with the configured last data to be acquired, and sends instructions to request data to the corresponding instruments one by one until all the data in this frame have been acquired; Step 4: After obtaining all the data of this frame, the data is spliced ​​and merged according to the configured number of valid bits and the number of valid bytes of the frame; specifically, the central control unit removes the invalid high-order 0s of the data according to the number of valid bits of the data, and then splices multiple data of the same frame into new data; Step 5: After completing the fusion and splicing of the first frame of data, the data of this frame is then encapsulated according to the protocol and sent to the well-ground transmission instrument for ground data upload. At the same time, it is determined whether the polling of this frame of data is completed normally, and the total number of polling frames and the number of polling error frames are recorded, and updated in the service table; Step 6: After the first frame of data is sent to the well-ground transmission instrument, the central control unit waits for the next data request instruction from the well-ground transmission instrument, and then automatically prepares data according to the second frame configured in the service table, repeating steps 3, 4 and 5 until all frames configured in the service table are sent to the well-ground transmission instrument; Step 7: Determine whether it is necessary to send the working status of the downhole instrument according to the configuration in the service table. If it is necessary to send, send monitoring information such as the downhole instrument bus voltage, downhole instrument bus current, and whether the central control unit data polling is normal to the well transmission instrument; Step 8: Start again from the third frame in the service table, and start a new round of work from step 3 to step 7. The pump-on sequence of the first frame and the second frame will no longer be sent cyclically; The service table configuration information includes: Frame number, used for frame number identification of well-ground transmission; The number of data configured in the frame indicates that the frame has been configured with the number of data to be uploaded; The number of times the frame is cycled in the polling process indicates the number of times it is repeatedly sent to the well transmission instrument and uploaded to the surface during the polling process; The instrument address where the data is located is used to indicate which instrument in the well the configured data to be uploaded comes from; Measurement parameter, used to indicate that the data to be uploaded is a certain parameter of the instrument; The effective digits are used to indicate the effective digits of the data after removing the invalid high-order 0; The number of valid bytes in the frame is used to encapsulate the number of valid bits after data splicing and compression; Total frame number: indicates how many frames are configured in the service table this time, which is used to determine the number of frame numbers for cyclic polling; The total number of polling frames H and L are used to record the total number of frames of data sent to the well transmission instrument, and to perform polling monitoring of the central control unit; Polling error frame number H and polling error frame number L are used to record the number of polling error frames and perform polling monitoring of the central control unit; Whether to send status bit: used to indicate whether the downhole status needs to be uploaded, used to determine whether there is a fault, and if there is a fault, stop drilling; The configuration information is configured using one byte; The total polling frame number H, the total polling frame number L, the polling error frame number H and the polling error frame number L are configured to 0 before the instrument is lowered into the well; The error includes a polling instrument response timeout or a polling instrument data reception error; The downhole status includes downhole instrument bus voltage, downhole instrument bus current, and whether the central control unit data polling is normal.

2. The method for polling downhole instrument data in logging while drilling according to claim 1, characterized in that: The downloading into the ROM of the central control unit is specifically as follows: When saving, the frame header, the number of bytes of data in this frame and the total number of bytes of the service table configured this time are not stored, and are only used as auxiliary counts when the central control unit downloads the service table; among them, the first frame and the second frame with frame numbers 0x00 and 0x01 are pump-on sequences, which are uploaded only once after the instrument string is powered on. The sequence from frame number 0x02 to the last frame of the configuration is a cyclic sequence. After the pump-on sequences of the first frame and the second frame are sent, the subsequent frames of data are sent cyclically.

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