A method for forming a peach tree high light efficiency tree shape upright three main branch fence wall formation

Abstract

The application discloses a peach tree high-light-efficiency tree shape upright three-main-branch hedge wall forming method, relates to the peach tree tree shape pruning technical field, and selects and reserves 4-5 strong new shoots as backbone branches in the first year of shaping, is bound to the bamboo pole between plants, the angle of the backbone branch is 70-80 DEG, and the new shoot branch head is bent upwards and bound to the bamboo pole between plants; the second year shaping utilizes the bamboo pole binding to keep the backbone branch upright, and keeps the extension head advantage, controls the competitive branch; the third year shaping: the third year growth season management is same with the second year, and the key is to control the competitive branch, and keep three backbone branches upright growth and growth potential balance. The tree body structure obtained by adopting the peach tree tree shape and forming method is simple, forms fast, and bears fruit early; the tree crown is high, the branch level is less; the structure is stable, the load capacity is large, and a support is not needed after entering the fruiting period; the tree crown is in the form of a hedge wall, mechanical operation is facilitated, ventilation and light transmission are good, fruit yield is high, distribution is balanced, and quality is good.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of peach tree pruning, and more particularly to a preparation method of a biochar composite adsorbent and application of the biochar composite adsorbent in soil heavy metal remediation. BACKGROUND

[0002] Peach is a tree species that likes light, and the growth of young trees is large and the shaping is fast. In order to adapt to the characteristics of peach trees, three main branches natural open heart shape, two main branches Y shape and main stem shape are mainly used in production. The three main branches natural open heart shape generally has three main branches, and the opening angle is 30-40°. Each main branch is equipped with 2-3 side branches, and the opening angle is 60-80°. The number of main branches and the branch order of the tree shape are large, which is suitable for the characteristics of the large growth of young trees. However, the extension direction, angle and branch head spacing of the main branches need to be adjusted in shaping, and the shaping technology is complex. The main branches of the tree shape have a large opening angle, and the upper part of the main branches is well illuminated, but the angle is large, the load capacity is poor, the opening angle of the main branches is larger after fruiting, each level of branch needs to be supported by a pillar, the tree crown is low, the lower part is poorly illuminated, and it is not conducive to the management operation under the crown, which is easy to form a planar result, and the yield is low.

[0003] The two main branches Y shape reduces the number of main branches, standardizes the extension direction of the main branches, simplifies the shaping technology, and facilitates the row operation, but there are still problems such as a large opening angle (45-50°) of the main branches, the need for support or support of the main branches, and a large pruning amount of young trees.

[0004] Therefore, how to overcome the above problems and provide a peach tree shaping method that can reduce tree management cost, facilitate mechanized operation, and improve the yield and quality of fruits in the middle and lower parts of the tree crown is a technical problem that those skilled in the art need to solve. SUMMARY

[0005] Therefore, the present application is proposed.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application adopts the following technical scheme:

[0007] The present application provides a method for forming a peach tree high-light-efficiency tree shape upright three main branches hedge wall, which comprises the following steps:

[0008] First year shaping:

[0009] (1) After the peach seedlings are planted, the trunk is fixed, the trunk height is 80-90 cm, and when the length of the new shoots is 30-40 cm, 4-5 healthy new shoots are selected and reserved as main branches from the cutout of the fixed trunk, and the angle is not opened, and the main branches are allowed to grow vertically;

[0010] (2) In the main stem and intercalary stand a bamboo pole, select 3 main branches to adjust the direction of the bound, select two strong growth potential main branches to the intercalary bamboo pole, angle 70~80 ° C, and the main branch shoot branch head upward bending bound to the intercalary bamboo pole; then select a moderate main branch bound to the bamboo pole to keep it straight, the main stem on the rest of the branch growth potential control, used as auxiliary branches or fruiting branches; the first year of planting in winter pruning, three main branches leave full bud short and keep the main branch height consistent;

[0011] Second year pruning:

[0012] (1) The second year of the growth period using bamboo pole to bind three main branches, keep the main branches straight and extend the head advantage, control the competing branches; when the main branches grow to 40-50 cm, select and adjust the main branch extension, the vice shoot of the extension head is allowed to grow in the early stage; short competing branches or softening pull branches control growth potential, and cultivate into small fruiting branch group; through the growth period pruning and fruit retention amount to keep the growth potential of three main branches balanced, the second winter pruning, the main branches leave full bud short and keep the main branch height consistent; the pruning length is 80-100 cm, the strong branches on the main branches and the branches near the branch head are removed, the medium and long fruiting branches are slowly released; the branch axis length of the branch group stretching to the row is 30-50 cm, the branch group spacing is 50-60 cm; the branch axis length of the branch group stretching to the row is 20-30 cm, the upper and lower branch group spacing is 30-50 cm; the fruiting branches of 15-40 cm on the branch group and the branch group;

[0013] Third year pruning:

[0014] The growth season management is the same as the second year, focusing on controlling competing branches, and keeping the main branches straight and extending the branch advantage. For two-year-old parts, fruit should be left or not left, and fruiting should be mainly in three-year-old parts. During winter pruning, the main branch head is slowly released, and the treatment method of other branches is the same as the second winter pruning. After winter pruning, the direction of the small branch group is not less than 40 cm, and 30-35 long, medium and short fruiting branches are selected and left on the average main branch length per meter, and the distribution of fruiting branches is kept sparse at the top and dense at the bottom.

[0015] In the preferred embodiment, in step 1) of the first year pruning, for the remaining sprouted branches that affect the growth of the selected branches, the buds are removed in advance, and the branches that have grown too tall are treated by softening or heavy pruning.

[0016] In the preferred embodiment, in step 1) of the first year pruning, for the vice shoots growing on the selected main branches, if they affect the growth of the branch head, they are controlled by heavy shortening or removal, otherwise, they are kept natural growth.

[0017] In the preferred embodiment, in the first year of shaping, the angle of the main branch introduced into the plant in step 2) is 70-80° at the base of the main branch, and as the plant enters the fruiting stage, the angle at the base of the main branch is increased. In order to prevent splitting or excessive angle, a support is erected at the upright position of the main branch between plants.

[0018] In the preferred embodiment, in the first year of shaping, if the length of the main branch introduced into the plant in the current year is not enough, the head of the main branch is slowly released during winter pruning, and the competing branches are thinned or shortened, and the introduction is performed in the second year during the growing season. The central upright main branch is shortened during winter pruning to maintain the height of the three main branches.

[0019] In the preferred embodiment, in the third year of shaping, if the growth potential of the head of the main branch is weak, the main branch is shortened again.

[0020] The present application is based on the sun elevation angle, azimuth angle, and the guarantee of direct sunlight for more than 3 hours at the lower part of the crown during the growing season, and takes into account the factors such as the vigorous growth of young peach trees and the slow growth potential of the branch head. The upright three main branch hedge wall tree shape is designed. Through the shaping and pruning practice in the experimental gardens in Shunping County and Mancheng District of Hebei Province, the structure parameters and shaping and pruning technology of the upright three main branch hedge wall tree shape are established. The tree shape has a simple tree structure, low branching level of main branches, small pruning amount, simplified shaping technology, fast shaping, and after shaping, the crown is in the shape of a hedge wall, the main branches are upright, no support is needed, the load capacity is strong, the crown is longitudinally flat, the lower part is well ventilated and light, three-dimensional results, high fruit yield and good quality. At the same time, the space under the crown is greatly increased, and the mechanical auxiliary operation is facilitated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 The accompanying drawings are the shaping diagram of the upright three main branch hedge wall after pruning. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in a clear and complete manner. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, not all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor are within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0023] (1) The first year of shaping: After planting, immediately dry, dry height 80-90 cm, when the length of the new shoots is 30-40 cm, 4-5 strong new shoots are selected and reserved as the main branches from the cut-off of the dry, and the rest of the sprouting branches are removed by softening the branches or heavy pruning. At the same time, the 4-5 main branches are selected and reserved without opening the angle, and the secondary shoots on the main branches are controlled except for the competing branches. In the middle and late July, a bamboo pole is inserted in the main stem and between the plants, and 3 main branches are selected and reserved to adjust the direction, among which 2 main branches with strong growth are selected and reserved on the bamboo pole between the plants, the angle of the main branches is 70-80 degrees (horizontal after the result), and the new shoot branches are bent upwards and bound to the bamboo pole between the plants. As the fruiting period is entered, the angle of the main branches at the base will increase, in order to prevent splitting or excessive angle, a support is set up at the position where the main branches turn to the upright part. One main branch is selected and reserved on the main stem to keep it upright. The rest of the branches on the main stem are controlled in growth, and are used as auxiliary branches or fruiting branches. In the winter of the planting year, the three main branches are cut short and the height of the main branches is kept consistent.

[0024] (2) The second year of shaping: In the growth period of the second year, the three main branches are guided by the bamboo pole to keep the main branches upright and elongate the head advantage, and control the competing branches. When the new shoots grow to 40-50 cm, the main branches are selected and adjusted to elongate the branches, and the secondary shoots of the elongated head are allowed to grow in the early stage. The competing branches are cut short or softened to control the growth, and the small fruiting branch group is cultivated. Through the pruning and fruit retention amount in the growth period, the growth of the three main branches is kept balanced, and in the winter pruning of the second year, the main branches are cut short with full buds and the height of the main branches is kept consistent. The length of the cut-off is 80-100 cm, the strong branches and the branches near the head of the main branches are removed, the strong lateral branches are cut short, and the moderate and long fruiting branches are slowly released. The length of the branch axis of the main stem extending to the inter-row branch group is 30-50 cm, and the distance between the upper and lower branch groups is 30-50 cm. The length of the branch axis of the main stem extending to the intra-row branch group is 20-30 cm, and the distance between the upper and lower branch groups is 30-50 cm. The fruiting branches between the branch groups and the branches growing on the branch groups at 15-40 cm. If the length of the main branch to be guided in the current year is not enough, the main branch head can be slowly released in the winter pruning of the current year, the competing branches are removed or cut short, and the main branches are guided in the growth season of the second year. The central upright main branch is cut short in the winter to cultivate again to keep the height of the three main branches consistent.

[0025] (3) the third year pruning: the third year growth season management is the same as the second year, the focus is to control the competing branches, and keep the main branches upright and the extension branches dominant. For the two-year-old parts, less fruit or no fruit should be left, and the fruiting part is mainly the three-year-old part. During the third year winter pruning, the main branch tips are slowly released, and the treatment method of other branches is the same as the second year winter pruning. After winter pruning, the distance between the small branches in the same direction is not less than 40 cm, and 30-35 long, medium and short fruiting branches are selected and left on the average length of the main branches per meter, and the distribution of the fruiting branches is sparse at the top and large at the bottom. If the growth potential of the main branch tip is weak, it will be cut again.

[0026] The high light efficiency upright three main branch hedge wall structure parameters obtained by pruning the peach tree are as follows: tree height 3.0-3.2 m, main stem height 70-80 cm, three main branches growing on the branch axis in the same direction and parallel to the ground, main branch spacing 1.0-1.33 m, three main branches balanced in strength and consistent in height, small and medium fruiting branch groups directly growing on the main branches, medium branch groups mainly distributed in the middle and lower parts of the crown and extending to the near row direction, small branch groups distributed in the upper and near plant direction of the crown; small fruiting branch group spacing 20-40 cm, medium branch group spacing 50-60 cm; vertical row direction crown width after winter pruning about 1.2 m, vertical row direction crown width during the growth season 1.6-2.0 m. The peach tree trained by the shaping technique has simple tree structure, small pruning amount, fast shaping, upright main branches after shaping, strong load capacity, good ventilation and light transmission of the crown, three-dimensional fruiting, high fruit yield and good quality. The average yield per mu is 600-1000 kg in the third year, 2000-2500 kg in the fourth year, and 3000-4000 kg in the fifth year and later.

[0027] The various embodiments in the specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the difference from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other.

[0028] The above description of the disclosed embodiments enables a person skilled in the art to implement or use the present application. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present application. Therefore, the present application will not be limited to these embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for forming a peach tree high light efficiency tree shape upright three main branch hedge wall formation, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: First year shaping: (1) After peach seedlings are planted, the trunk is fixed, the height of the trunk is 80-90 cm, when the length of the new shoots is 30-40 cm, 4-5 strong new shoots are selected and reserved as the main branches from the cutout of the self-fixing trunk, the angle is not opened, and the main branches are allowed to grow vertically; (2) A bamboo pole is inserted vertically on the main trunk and between the plants, 3 main branches are selected and reserved for direction adjustment, 2 main branches with strong growth are selected and reserved and are bound to the bamboo pole between the plants at an angle of 70-80 °, and the new shoot branches of the main branches are bent upwards and bound to the bamboo pole between the plants; then a main branch with moderate growth is selected and reserved as a central main branch and is bound to the main trunk to keep the central main branch vertical, and the remaining branches on the main trunk are controlled in growth, and are used as auxiliary branches or fruiting branches; during winter pruning in the planting year, the 3 main branches are short-cut and the height of the main branches is kept consistent; Second year shaping: In the second year, the 3 main branches are bound by the bamboo pole during the growth period, the main branches are kept vertical and the extension of the main branches is dominant, and the competing branches are controlled; when the new shoots of the main branches grow to a length of 40-50 cm, the extension of the main branches is selected and reserved, and the auxiliary shoots of the extension of the main branches are allowed to grow in the early stage; the competing branches are short-cut or softened to control the growth, and small and medium fruiting branches are cultivated; the growth of the 3 main branches is kept balanced through pruning during the growth period and the amount of fruiting is kept; during winter pruning in the second year, the 3 main branches are short-cut and the height of the main branches is kept consistent; the length of the pruning is 80-100 cm, the strong branches on the main branches and the one-year-old branches near the branches are short-cut, the medium and long fruiting branches are controlled, the length of the branch axis of the branches stretching to the branches group between the rows is 30-50 cm, the distance between the branches groups is 50-60 cm, the length of the branch axis of the branches stretching to the branches group in the row is 20-30 cm, the distance between the branches groups is 30-50 cm, and the fruiting branches growing on the branches groups at a distance of 15-40 cm; Third year shaping: The management during the growth season is the same as that in the second year, the competing branches are controlled, the main branches are kept vertical and the extension of the main branches is dominant, and the two-year-old branches are controlled in fruiting or are not allowed to fruit, and the three-year-old branches are mainly used for fruiting; during winter pruning, the branches of the main branches are controlled, and the branches are treated in the same way as in the second year; after winter pruning, the distance between the branches groups in the same direction is not less than 40 cm, 30-35 long, medium and short fruiting branches are selected and reserved on the main branches with an average length of 30-35 cm, and the fruiting branches are distributed sparsely on the top and densely on the bottom.

2. The method for forming a peach tree high light efficiency tree shape upright three main branch hedge wall formation according to claim 1, characterized in that, In step 1) of the first year shaping, for the remaining branches that grow after the main branches are selected and reserved, the branches are pruned to control the growth of the selected branches, and the branches that have grown too much are treated by softening or heavy pruning.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the peach tree high light efficiency tree shape is formed by erecting three main branches and a fence wall, and the method is characterized in that, In step 1) of the first year shaping, for the auxiliary shoots growing on the selected main branches, if the growth of the branch tips is affected, the auxiliary shoots are controlled by heavy short-cutting or removal, otherwise, the auxiliary shoots are kept growing naturally.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the peach tree high light efficiency tree shape is formed by erecting three main branches and a fence wall. In step 2) of the first year shaping, the angle of the main branches bound to the bamboo pole between the plants is 70-80 °, as the fruiting period is entered, the angle of the main branches is increased, in order to prevent splitting or the angle being too large, a support is set up for the main branches bound to the bamboo pole between the plants.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the peach tree high light efficiency tree shape is formed by erecting three main branches and a fence wall, and the method is characterized in that, In the first year of shaping, if the length of the trunk branch is not enough, the head of the trunk branch is cut slowly in the winter pruning, and the competing branches are thinned or cut short. In the second year, the trunk branch is guided in the growing season. The central upright trunk branch is cut short again in the winter pruning to keep the three trunk branches at the same height.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the peach tree high light efficiency tree shape is formed by erecting three main branches and a fence wall. In the third year of shaping, if the growth of the head of the trunk branch is weak, the trunk branch is cut short again.

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