A combined bushing convenient for quick assembly and disassembly, and an installation structure and use method thereof

Abstract

This invention relates to the field of aerospace component design technology, and particularly to a modular bushing with easy and quick assembly and disassembly, its installation structure, and usage method. The modular bushing includes a bushing body; an axially oriented bushing through-hole is formed inside the bushing body; the bushing body is axially cut into a first half-body and a second half-body along its central axis; the bushing body includes a head locking structure and a tail shaft structure, with a locking mechanism at the head locking structure, allowing the first half-body and the second half-body to be detachably connected via the locking mechanism. This technical solution allows a drilling tool to directly replace the modular bushing with one that matches the bore diameter of the tool in the machining process without reverse feed retraction after completing the machining of a hinge hole, simplifying the machining process, reducing quality risks, and is of great significance for the high-quality and efficient machining of parts with large-span continuous multi-ear hinge hole features.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of aerospace structural design technology, and in particular to a modular bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly, its installation structure, and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous development of aircraft manufacturing technology, aerospace structural components are increasingly showing a trend towards integration, structural complexity, and high material strength, while also requiring a certain degree of high-precision fit. This is especially true for continuous multi-ear parts with hinge shafts mounted on panel panels. To better ensure the fit between the hinge joint and the hinge hole, improve the service life of the assembled components, and meet interchangeability requirements, the coaxiality and precision requirements of the hinge holes are generally high, making CNC precision machining extremely difficult.

[0003] In existing technologies, the machining of continuous multi-ear hinge holes often employs a multi-step machining process involving drilling, reaming, and boring. To ensure the coaxiality of the holes, the cutting tools used in the drilling, reaming, and boring processes typically have extended tool holders before and after the effective working section of the drill bit for guidance. Simultaneously, multiple sets of guide seats are installed on the fixture. These guide seats have holes that mate with bushings, and the inner holes of the bushings mate with the extended drill bit. The cutting tools are guided within the bushings by their forward and backward guiding parts, allowing the continuous hinge holes to be machined one by one. However, due to the different diameters of the tools used in drilling, reaming, and boring processes, the cutting edge of the tool needs to pass through the inner bushing of the guide seat when the tool is continuously machining in the feed direction. Since the diameter of the hinge hole in the previous process is smaller than that in the next process, after machining a hinge hole, the tool needs to be fed in the reverse direction to exit the machining hinge hole and replace the bushing with one that matches the diameter of the hole in that machining process before continuing to machine the next hinge hole. This results in the tool's working area having two redundant opportunities to pass through the hinge hole after machining one. This not only reduces machining efficiency but also increases the risk of the machined hole diameter not meeting the requirements due to radial movement of the tool during machining, seriously affecting the quality stability and production efficiency of the parts. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the shortcomings of the existing technology, this invention discloses a combination bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble, its installation structure, and its usage method. This allows the tool to directly replace the bushing with one that matches the diameter of the tool hole in the machining process without reverse feed or tool retraction after completing the machining of a hinge hole, thus simplifying the machining process and reducing quality risks.

[0005] The above objectives are achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A modular bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble includes a bushing body; the bushing body has an axially formed bushing through hole inside; the bushing body is axially cut into a first half-enclosure and a second half-enclosure along its central axis; the bushing body includes a head locking structure and a tail shaft structure, and a locking mechanism is provided at the head locking structure, wherein the first half-enclosure and the second half-enclosure are detachably connected through the locking mechanism.

[0007] Preferably, the side of the head locking structure is provided with an axial pressure bearing plane.

[0008] Preferably, the snap-fit ​​mechanism includes a connecting pin disposed on the first half-body and a pin hole disposed on the second half-body; the connecting pin and the pin hole are clearance-fitted to allow the first half-body and the second half-body to be detachably positioned and spliced.

[0009] Preferably, the first half-body is provided with a fixing pin through hole, and the connecting pin is interference-fitted with the fixing pin through hole.

[0010] Preferably, the locking mechanism includes a locking groove on the first half-body and a locking boss on the second half-body, with the locking groove and locking boss having a clearance fit, so that the first half-body and the second half-body can be detachably positioned and spliced.

[0011] Preferably, the side of the head locking structure is provided with a planar structure for clamping and assisting disassembly.

[0012] Based on the aforementioned modular bushing that facilitates quick assembly and disassembly, this technical solution proposes an installation structure for the modular bushing, including a bushing mounting base with a bushing mounting hole; the aforementioned modular bushing that facilitates quick assembly and disassembly; a first half-body and a second half-body that are detachably positioned and spliced ​​together to form a bushing body via a snap-fit ​​mechanism; the tail shaft structure of the bushing body is axially inserted into the bushing mounting hole of the bushing mounting base, with a clearance fit; and the bushing mounting base is adjustablely provided with fasteners for fixing the bushing body.

[0013] Preferably, the fastener includes a connecting screw, the top of which is provided with a pressure nut for axially locking the head locking structure of the bushing body, and the top of the pressure nut is provided with an auxiliary adjustment groove.

[0014] Preferably, the axial dimension of the tail shaft structure that mates with the bushing mounting hole is not less than 10mm.

[0015] Based on the aforementioned modular bushing and its installation structure that facilitates quick assembly and disassembly, this technical solution proposes a method for using the modular bushing. Specifically, the modular bushing is used for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes, including the following steps:

[0016] S1. Determine the machining scheme for the hinge hole of the ear piece, that is, based on the three hole-making processes of the ear piece—initial hole, reaming, and boring—determine the type of single hole-making process and the number of consecutive holes n, and prepare the hole-making tools; wherein, the type of single hole-making process includes single-step hole-making and multi-step hole-making; wherein, single-step hole-making refers to completing any one of the three hole-making processes in a single operation, and multi-step hole-making refers to completing any two or three adjacent hole-making processes in a single operation.

[0017] S2, Prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n; wherein, the auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base and N bushing mounting seats; all bushing mounting seats are fixed at intervals on the fixture base, and the bushing mounting holes of all bushing mounting seats are coaxial, and a clamping assembly is provided between each two adjacent bushing mounting seats; wherein, N≥n+1;

[0018] S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushings, including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushings based on the number of consecutive holes n, where P≥n+1; determining the size of all combined bushings based on the type of single hole-making process and the size of the hole-making tool;

[0019] S4, install the n ear pieces one by one onto the clamping assembly of the fixture base;

[0020] S5. According to the type of single hole-making process, and in accordance with the installation structure of the combined bushing, the combined bushing of the corresponding size is installed on the corresponding bushing mounting seat to guide the hole-making tool.

[0021] S6. According to the type of single hole-making process, install the corresponding hole-making tool on the CNC machine tool, and use the CNC machine tool to control the hole-making tool to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes. With the guidance of the combined bushing on the bushing mounting seat, continuously make holes for n lug parts until the current single hole-making process of n lug parts is completed. During this period, if the single hole-making process type is multi-step hole-making, the combined bushing model on the relevant bushing mounting seat is changed according to the conversion of the hole-making process on a single lug part.

[0022] S7, remove the drilling tool from the lug part and auxiliary fixture device.

[0023] The beneficial technical effects of this invention are as follows:

[0024] This technical solution proposes a modular bushing that facilitates quick assembly and disassembly. Combined with its installation structure and usage method, it is particularly suitable for machining hinge holes in continuous multi-ear parts. The drilling tool can be directly disassembled and replaced without being withdrawn from the modular bushing, avoiding multiple passes of the cutting edge of the drilling tool through the machined hinge hole. This is significant for simplifying the machining process and improving machining efficiency. Furthermore, this technical solution improves hole diameter accuracy while ensuring coaxiality. The modular bushing has a simple structure, a clear and straightforward operating principle, and is easy to operate, making it highly practical and easy to promote. In conclusion, this technical solution is of great significance for the efficient and high-quality machining of continuous hinge holes with large diameter characteristics. Attached Figure Description

[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first preferred combination bushing structure of this technical solution;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second preferred combination bushing structure of this technical solution;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation structure of the first type of combined bushing in this technical solution;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram for reference when using the combined bushing of this technical solution.

[0029] In the picture:

[0030] 1. Combined bushing; 1.1. Bushing body; 1.11. First half-enclosure; 1.12. Second half-enclosure; 1.13. Head locking structure; 1.14. Tail shaft structure; 1.2. Bushing through hole; 1.3. Axial bearing plane; 1.4. Fixing pin through hole; 1.5. Connecting pin; 1.6. Insert pin hole; 1.7. Locking groove; 1.8. Locking boss; 1.9. Planar structure; 2. Bushing mounting base; 3. Bushing mounting hole; 4. Fixture base; 5. Lug parts; 6. Fasteners; 7. Clamping assembly; 8. Hole-making tool. Detailed Implementation

[0031] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the invention clearer, the technical solution of the invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are some embodiments of the invention, but not all embodiments.

[0032] Therefore, the following detailed description of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] This embodiment discloses a combined bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, such as... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes a bushing body 1.1; inside the bushing body 1.1, there is an axially formed bushing through hole 1.2; the bushing body 1.1 is axially cut into a first half-body 1.11 and a second half-body 1.12 along its central axis; the bushing body 1.1 includes a head locking structure 1.13 and a tail shaft structure 1.14, and a locking mechanism is provided at the head locking structure 1.13, and the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 are detachably connected by the locking mechanism.

[0035] This technical solution proposes a modular bushing that facilitates quick assembly and disassembly, primarily suitable for the orientation or guiding of columnar components. Specifically, the bushing body 1.1 is cut along its central axis into a first semi-enclosure 1.11 and a second semi-enclosure 1.12. Based on this structure, the modular bushing 1 can be quickly installed and disassembled regardless of whether the columnar component penetrates the mounting hole on the tooling. Specifically:

[0036] Under the condition that the columnar component does not penetrate the mounting hole on the tooling: For the installation of the combined bushing 1: the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 are detachably assembled using a snap-fit ​​mechanism to form the bushing body 1.1; then, the tail shaft structure 1.14 of the bushing body 1.1 is inserted into the mounting hole on the corresponding tooling; the head locking structure 1.13 of the bushing body 1.1 is axially fixed to prevent the bushing body 1.1 from detaching from the mounting hole on the tooling. For the disassembly of the combined bushing 1: the axial fixation of the head locking structure 1.13 of the bushing body 1.1 is released; then, the head locking structure 1.13 is clamped, and the bushing body 1.1 is moved axially as a whole, so that the bushing body 1.1 is detached from the mounting hole on the tooling, thus completing the disassembly of the combined bushing 1.

[0037] With the columnar component penetrating the mounting hole on the tooling, the installation of the combined bushing 1 is as follows: the first half-enclosure 1.11 and the second half-enclosure 1.12 are detachably assembled using a snap-fit ​​mechanism to form the bushing body 1.1, which encloses the columnar component in the bushing through hole 1.2; the bushing body 1.1 is axially moved on the columnar component until the tail shaft structure 1.14 of the bushing body 1.1 is inserted into the mounting hole on the corresponding tooling; the head locking structure 1.13 of the bushing body 1.1 is axially fixed to prevent the bushing body 1.1 from detaching from the mounting hole on the tooling. For the disassembly of the combined bushing 1: release the axial fixation of the head locking structure 1.13 of the bushing body 1.1; then clamp the head locking structure 1.13 and move the bushing body 1.1 as a whole along the axial direction of the columnar component, so that the bushing body 1.1 is disengaged from the mounting hole on the tooling; finally, disassemble the bushing body 1.1 into the first half-enclosure 1.11 and the second half-enclosure 1.12, thus completing the disassembly of the combined bushing 1.

[0038] In summary, in this technical solution, the bushing through hole 1.2 serves as an orientation / guide channel, used for clearance fitting with the outer surface of the columnar component to achieve orientation / guidement of the columnar component. For the bushing body 1.1, its head locking structure 1.13 plays a crucial role in the rapid assembly and disassembly of the combined bushing 1. Specifically, it facilitates quick positioning during the installation of the combined bushing 1 and facilitates forceful removal during disassembly. The tail shaft structure 1.14 is designed to accommodate the mounting holes on the tooling.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] This embodiment discloses a combined bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on Embodiment 1, the head locking structure 1.13 has an axial bearing plane 1.3 on its side. This structure allows for convenient axial fixation of the head locking structure 1.13, such as... Figure 3 As shown, the axial bearing plane 1.3 can be clamped onto the tooling structure (bulb mounting seat 2) using fasteners 6, thus achieving axial fixation of the entire combined bushing 1.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] This embodiment discloses a modular bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly, as a preferred implementation of the present invention, based on embodiment 1 or 2, such as... Figure 1As shown, its locking mechanism includes a connecting pin 1.5 disposed on the first half-body 1.11 and a pin hole 1.6 disposed on the second half-body 1.12; the connecting pin 1.5 and the pin hole 1.6 are clearance-fitted, allowing the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 to be detachably positioned and spliced. This not only prevents and restricts relative axial displacement between the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 during use, but also facilitates quick assembly and disassembly of the bushing. More specifically, the first half-body 1.11 is provided with a fixing pin through hole 1.4, and the connecting pin 1.5 is interference-fitted with the fixing pin through hole 1.4.

[0043] Example 4

[0044] This embodiment discloses a modular bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly, as a preferred implementation of the present invention, based on embodiment 1 or 2, such as... Figure 2 As shown, its locking mechanism includes a locking groove 1.7 on the first half-body 1.11 and a locking boss 1.8 on the second half-body 1.12. The locking groove 1.7 and the locking boss 1.8 are clearance-fitted, allowing the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 to be detachably positioned and spliced. This not only prevents and restricts relative axial displacement between the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 during use, but also facilitates quick assembly and disassembly of the bushing.

[0045] Example 5

[0046] This embodiment discloses a combination bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble quickly. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, based on embodiments 1, 2, 3 or 4, the side of its head locking structure 1.13 is provided with a planar structure 1.9 for clamping and assisting disassembly.

[0047] Example 6

[0048] This embodiment discloses an installation structure for a combined bushing. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it includes a bushing mounting base 2, on which a bushing mounting hole 3 is provided; it also includes a combined bushing that is easy to assemble and disassemble as disclosed in embodiments 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5. Specifically: the first half-body 1.11 and the second half-body 1.12 are detachably positioned and spliced ​​to form a bushing body 1.1 by a snap-fit ​​mechanism; the tail shaft structure 1.14 of the bushing body 1.1 is axially inserted into the bushing mounting hole 3 of the bushing mounting base 2, and is clearance-fitted with the bushing mounting hole 3; the bushing mounting base 2 is adjustablely provided with fasteners 6 for fixing the bushing body 1.1.

[0049] Furthermore, the fastener 6 includes a connecting screw, the top of which is provided with a pressure nut for axially locking the head locking structure 1.13 of the bushing body 1.1. The top of the pressure nut is provided with an auxiliary adjustment groove. Based on this, the fastener 6 can be adjusted by using an external auxiliary tool in conjunction with the auxiliary adjustment groove. After the fastener 6 is tightened, axial movement of the combined bushing 1 during part processing can be prevented.

[0050] Furthermore, the axial dimension of the tail shaft structure 1.14 that mates with the bushing mounting hole 3 is not less than 10mm to ensure the coaxiality of the combined bushing 1 and the bushing mounting hole 3. More specifically, the axial dimension of the tail shaft structure 1.14 is consistent with the axial dimension of the bushing mounting hole 3.

[0051] Example 7

[0052] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, which involves using the combined bushing 1 for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes. As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it includes the following steps:

[0053] S1. Determine the machining scheme for the hinge hole of the ear piece 5. That is, based on the three hole-making processes of the ear piece 5 (initial hole, reaming, and boring), determine the type of single hole-making process and the number of consecutive holes n, and prepare the hole-making tool 8. The single hole-making process type includes single-step hole-making and multi-step hole-making. Single-step hole-making refers to completing any one of the three hole-making processes in a single operation, while multi-step hole-making refers to completing any two or three adjacent hole-making processes in a single operation.

[0054] S2, Prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n; wherein, the auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base 4 and N bushing mounting seats 2; all bushing mounting seats 2 are fixed at intervals on the fixture base 4, and the bushing mounting holes 3 of all bushing mounting seats 2 are coaxial, and a clamping assembly 7 is provided between each two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2; wherein, N≥n+1.

[0055] S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushing 1, including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushing 1 based on the number of consecutive holes n, and P≥n+1; determining the size of all combined bushing 1 based on the single hole-making process type and the size of the hole-making tool 8.

[0056] S4, install the n ear pieces 5 one-to-one onto the clamping assembly 7 of the fixture base 4, such as... Figure 4 As shown, an ear piece 5 is installed between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2.

[0057] S5, combined Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, according to the single hole-making process type, and following the combined bushing 1 mounting structure disclosed in Example 6, the combined bushing 1 of the corresponding size is mounted on the corresponding bushing mounting base 2 to guide the hole-making tool 8.

[0058] S6. According to the type of single hole-making process, the corresponding hole-making tool 8 is installed on the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool controls the hole-making tool 8 to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes 3. With the guidance of the combined bushing 1 on the bushing mounting seat 2, continuous hole-making is performed on n lug parts 5 until the current single hole-making process of n lug parts 5 is completed. During this period, if the single hole-making process type is multi-step hole-making, the combined bushing 1 model on the relevant bushing mounting seat 2 is replaced according to the conversion of the hole-making process on a single lug part 5.

[0059] S7, the drilling tool 8 is removed from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture device.

[0060] Example 8

[0061] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, wherein the combined bushing 1 is used for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-ear part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment performs initial hole machining on it. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it includes the following steps:

[0062] S1, determine the machining scheme for the hinge hole of ear piece 5. That is: determine the single-step hole-making process type as single-step hole-making; determine the number of consecutive holes n, such as... Figure 4 As shown, n can be 4; prepare a hole-making tool 8 with a diameter of Φ9mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ9mm. The tool guide rod is manufactured according to the tolerance of f7.

[0063] S2, Prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n. The auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base 4 and N bushing mounting seats 2; all bushing mounting seats 2 are fixed to the fixture base 4 at intervals, and the bushing mounting holes 3 of all bushing mounting seats 2 are coaxial. A clamping assembly 7 is provided between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2; where N ≥ 5. Further, the diameter of the bushing mounting holes 3 in the bushing mounting seats 2 is Φ17mm, manufactured according to an H7 tolerance.

[0064] S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushing 1, including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushing 1 based on the number of consecutive holes n, and P≥5; determining the dimensions of all combined bushings 1 based on the single hole-making process type and the dimensions of the hole-making tool 8. In this embodiment, five combined bushings 1 of the same model are selected. The snap-fit ​​mechanism of the combined bushing 1 includes a connecting pin 1.5 and a pin hole 1.6, and the diameter of the connecting pin 1.5 and the fixed pin through hole 1.4 is Φ3mm, with an H7 / r6 interference fit; the diameter of the pin hole 1.6 is Φ3.1mm, which facilitates quick assembly and disassembly of the combined bushing 1. Further, in this embodiment, the diameter of the bushing through hole 1.2 in all combined bushings 1 is Φ9mm, with a tolerance of H7; the outer diameter of the tail shaft structure 1.14 of the combined bushing 1 is Φ17mm, manufactured with a tolerance of g6.

[0065] S4, install the n ear pieces 5 one-to-one onto the clamping assembly 7 of the fixture base 4, such as... Figure 4 As shown, an ear piece 5 is installed between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2.

[0066] S5, combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, according to the single-stage hole-making process type, and following the combined bushing 1 mounting structure disclosed in Example 6, all combined bushings 1 are installed one-to-one on the corresponding bushing mounting seats 2 to guide the hole-making tool 8. The axial dimension of the tail shaft structure 1.14 of the combined bushing 1 and the axial dimension of the bushing mounting hole 3 are both 18mm.

[0067] S6. The initial hole making tool 8 and the tool guide rod are combined and installed on the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool controls the hole making tool 8 to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes 3. During this period, the tool guide rod cooperates with the combined bushing 1 on the bushing mounting seat 2 to play a guiding role, and continuously make holes in the four lug parts 5 until the initial hole processing of the four lug parts 5 is completed.

[0068] S7, the drilling tool 8 is removed from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture device.

[0069] Example 9

[0070] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, wherein the combined bushing 1 is used for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-ear part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment involves enlarging the holes. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0071] First, the initial hole machining of the ear piece 5 is completed using the initial hole machining method in Example 8 or other existing initial hole machining methods.

[0072] Secondly, the initial hole-making tool 8 is replaced with a reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ11.7mm, and equipped with a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ11.7mm. Furthermore, the combined bushing 1 with a diameter of Φ11.7mm is replaced in the bushing through hole 1.2.

[0073] Then, repeat steps S2 to S7 in Example 8 to enlarge the ear piece 5 with the initial hole.

[0074] Example 10

[0075] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, in which the combined bushing 1 is used for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-ear part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment performs initial hole and hole enlargement machining on it. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0076] S1, determine the machining scheme for the hinge hole of ear piece 5. That is: determine the single-step hole-making process type as a multi-step hole-making process including initial hole-making and reaming processes; determine the number of consecutive holes n, such as... Figure 4 As shown, n can be 4; prepare a hole-making tool 8 with a diameter of Φ9mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ9mm; prepare a hole-reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ11.7mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ11.7mm.

[0077] S2, Prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n. The auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base 4 and N bushing mounting seats 2; all bushing mounting seats 2 are fixed to the fixture base 4 at intervals, and the bushing mounting holes 3 of all bushing mounting seats 2 are coaxial. A clamping assembly 7 is provided between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2; where N≥5. Further, the diameter of the bushing mounting holes 3 in the bushing mounting seats 2 is Φ17mm, manufactured according to an H7 tolerance.

[0078] S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushing 1, including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushing 1 based on the number of consecutive holes n, where P≥5; determining the dimensions of all combined bushings 1 based on the single hole-making process type and the dimensions of the hole-making tool 8. In this embodiment, among the combined bushings 1, the bushing through hole 1.2 of the initial hole guide bushing has a diameter of Φ9mm, and the bushing through hole 1.2 of the enlarged hole guide bushing has a diameter of Φ11.7mm.

[0079] S4, install the four ear pieces 5 one by one onto the clamping assembly 7 of the fixture base 4, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, an ear piece 5 is installed between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2.

[0080] S5, combined Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, according to the single-stage hole-making process type and the combined bushing 1 installation structure disclosed in Example 6, the combined bushing 1 of the corresponding size is installed on the corresponding bushing mounting seat 2 to guide the hole-making tool 8. Specifically, when the number of prepared initial hole guide bushings is sufficient, initial hole guide bushings can be installed on the five bushing mounting seats 2 required; when the number of prepared initial hole guide bushings is insufficient, an initial hole guide bushing can be installed on the first bushing mounting seat 2 through which the subsequent hole-making tool 8 passes.

[0081] S6. The initial hole making tool 8, the Φ9mm tool guide rod, the reaming hole making tool 8 and the Φ11.7mm tool guide rod are sequentially combined and installed on the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool controls the hole making tool 8 to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes 3. During this period, the tool guide rod cooperates with the combined bushing 1 on the bushing mounting seat 2 to play a guiding role, and continuously make holes in the four lug parts 5 until the initial hole processing of the four lug parts 5 is completed.

[0082] Specifically, such as Figure 4 The diagram shows three stages of machining a continuous multi-ear hinge hole. Stage I involves initial hole machining of the first ear piece 5; Stage II involves initial hole machining of the second ear piece 5, while simultaneously enlarging the hole in the first ear piece 5; Stage III involves removing the drilling tool 8 from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture. A represents the length of the cutting edge of the drilling tool 8; B represents the total length of the combined bushing 1; C represents the minimum clearance between the combined bushing 1 and the hinge hole; L represents the shortest distance between the tip of the drilling tool 8 and its preceding bushing mounting base 2; and k represents the feed direction of the drilling tool 8.

[0083] Therefore, when the number of initial hole guide bushings prepared in step S5 is sufficient, after completing stage I and before proceeding to stage II, the initial hole guide bushings on the first bushing mounting base 2 are replaced with reaming guide bushings. During subsequent processing, the corresponding initial hole guide bushings are replaced with reaming guide bushings in the same manner during the transition between processing stages. When the number of initial hole guide bushings prepared in step S5 is sufficient, after completing stage I and before proceeding to stage II, the initial hole guide bushings on the first bushing mounting base 2 are replaced with reaming guide bushings, and the disassembled initial hole guide bushings are installed on the second bushing mounting base 2. During subsequent processing, the corresponding initial hole guide bushings are disassembled, installed, and replaced in the same manner during the transition between processing stages.

[0084] S7, the drilling tool 8 is removed from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture device.

[0085] Example 11

[0086] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, wherein the combined bushing 1 is used for machining hinge holes of continuous multi-eared parts. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-eared part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment performs hinge hole machining on it. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0087] First, the hole-expanding process of the ear piece 5 is completed using the hole-expanding process method in Example 9 or Example 10, or other existing hole-expanding processes.

[0088] Secondly, based on embodiment 8, the initial hole-making tool 8 is replaced with a reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ12mm, and equipped with a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ12mm. Furthermore, the combined bushing 1 with a diameter of Φ12mm is replaced in the bushing through hole 1.2.

[0089] Then, repeat steps S2 to S7 in Example 8 to perform reaming on the ear piece 5 that has completed the enlargement process.

[0090] Example 12

[0091] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, wherein the combined bushing 1 is used for machining hinge holes of continuous multi-eared parts. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-eared part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment performs hinge hole machining on it. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the method includes the following steps:

[0092] First, the enlargement process of the ear piece 5 is completed using Example 8 or other existing initial hole machining methods.

[0093] Secondly, based on Example 10, the initial hole-making tool 8 is replaced with a reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ12mm, and equipped with a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ12mm. Furthermore, reaming guide bushings with diameters of Φ11.7mm and Φ12mm for the bushing through holes 1.2 are used to replace the initial hole guide bushing and reaming guide bushing in Example 10. Furthermore, the single hole-making process type is determined to be a multi-step hole-making process that includes both reaming and reaming processes.

[0094] Then, steps S2 to S7 in Example 10 are repeated to perform reaming and boring operations on the ear piece 5 after the initial hole machining is completed. In this example, without step S6, the reaming tool 8, the Φ11.7mm tool guide rod, the boring tool 8, and the Φ12mm tool guide rod are sequentially combined and installed on the CNC machine tool.

[0095] Example 13

[0096] This embodiment discloses a method for using a combined bushing, in which the combined bushing 1 is used for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes. In actual use, there is a continuous multi-ear part 5 with a hinge shaft mounted on a wall panel, which needs to have its hinge holes precision machined to Φ11mm with a coaxiality ≥Φ0.15mm. This embodiment performs initial hole and hole enlargement machining on it. Based on this, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the following steps are included:

[0097] S1, determine the machining scheme for the hinge hole of the ear piece 5. That is: determine the single-step hole-making process type as a multi-step hole-making process including initial hole making, reaming, and boring; determine the number of consecutive holes n, such as... Figure 4 As shown, n can be 4; prepare a hole-making tool 8 with a diameter of Φ9mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ9mm; prepare a hole-reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ11.7mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ11.7mm; prepare a hole-reaming tool 8 with a diameter of Φ12mm and a tool guide rod with a diameter of Φ12mm.

[0098] S2, Prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n. The auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base 4 and N bushing mounting seats 2; all bushing mounting seats 2 are fixed to the fixture base 4 at intervals, and the bushing mounting holes 3 of all bushing mounting seats 2 are coaxial. A clamping assembly 7 is provided between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2; where N≥5. Further, the diameter of the bushing mounting holes 3 in the bushing mounting seats 2 is Φ17mm, manufactured according to an H7 tolerance.

[0099] S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushing 1, including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushing 1 based on the number of consecutive holes n, where P≥5; determining the dimensions of all combined bushings 1 based on the single hole-making process type and the dimensions of the hole-making tool 8. In this embodiment, among the combined bushings 1, the bushing through hole 1.2 diameter of the initial hole guide bushing is Φ9mm, the bushing through hole 1.2 diameter of the reaming guide bushing is Φ11.7mm, and the bushing through hole 1.2 diameter of the reaming guide bushing is Φ12mm.

[0100] S4, install the four ear pieces 5 one by one onto the clamping assembly 7 of the fixture base 4, as shown. Figure 4 As shown, an ear piece 5 is installed between every two adjacent bushing mounting seats 2.

[0101] S5, combined Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, according to the single-stage hole-making process type and the combined bushing 1 installation structure disclosed in Example 6, the combined bushing 1 of the corresponding size is installed on the corresponding bushing mounting seat 2 to guide the hole-making tool 8. Specifically, when the number of prepared initial hole guide bushings is sufficient, initial hole guide bushings can be installed on the five bushing mounting seats 2 required; when the number of prepared initial hole guide bushings is insufficient, an initial hole guide bushing can be installed on the first bushing mounting seat 2 through which the subsequent hole-making tool 8 passes.

[0102] S6. The initial hole making tool 8, Φ9mm tool guide rod, reaming tool 8, Φ11.7mm tool, boring tool 8 and Φ12mm tool guide rod are sequentially combined and installed on the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool controls the hole making tool 8 to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes 3. During this period, the tool guide rod cooperates with the combined bushing 1 on the bushing mounting seat 2 to play a guiding role, and continuously make holes in the four lug parts 5 until the initial hole processing of the four lug parts 5 is completed.

[0103] Specifically, such as Figure 4 The diagram shows three stages of machining a continuous multi-ear hinge hole. Stage I involves initial hole machining of the first ear piece 5. Stage II involves initial hole machining of the second ear piece 5, while simultaneously enlarging the hole of the first ear piece 5. Further, in the next stage after Stage II, initial hole machining of the third ear piece 5 is performed, while simultaneously enlarging the hole of the second ear piece 5 and reaming the hole of the first ear piece 5. Stage III involves retracting the drilling tool 8 from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture. A represents the length of the cutting edge of the drilling tool 8. B represents the total length of the combined bushing 1. C represents the minimum clearance between the combined bushing 1 and the hinge hole. L represents the shortest distance between the tip of the drilling tool 8 and its preceding bushing mounting base 2. k represents the feed direction of the drilling tool 8.

[0104] Therefore, when the number of initial hole guide bushings prepared in step S5 is sufficient: after completing stage I and before proceeding to stage II, the initial hole guide bushing on the first bushing mounting base 2 is replaced with a reaming guide bushing; after completing stage II and before proceeding to the next stage, the reaming guide bushing on the first bushing mounting base 2 is replaced with a boring guide bushing, and the removed reaming guide bushing is used to replace the initial hole guide bushing on the second bushing mounting base 2. Based on this, during the subsequent processing, the disassembly, assembly, and replacement of the corresponding initial hole guide bushing, reaming guide bushing, and / or boring guide bushing are carried out in the same manner during the transition between processing stages.

[0105] When the number of initial hole guide bushings prepared in step S5 is sufficient: After completing stage I and before proceeding to stage II, replace the initial hole guide bushing on the first bushing mounting base 2 with a reaming guide bushing, and install the removed initial hole guide bushing on the second bushing mounting base 2; after completing stage II and before proceeding to the next stage, replace the reaming guide bushing on the first bushing mounting base 2 with a boring guide bushing, and use the removed reaming guide bushing to replace the initial hole guide bushing on the second bushing mounting base 2, and then install the removed initial hole guide bushing on the third bushing mounting base 2. Based on this, during the subsequent processing, the removal, installation, and replacement of the corresponding initial hole guide bushing, reaming guide bushing, and / or boring guide bushing are carried out in the same manner during the transition between processing stages.

[0106] S7, the drilling tool 8 is removed from the ear piece 5 and the auxiliary fixture device.

[0107] This embodiment combines Figure 4 This section describes the movement path of the drilling tool 8 before and after machining a single hinge hole using existing technology. Assuming the number of consecutive hinge holes to be machined is n, according to the existing technology, the drilling tool 8 redundantly passes through the first n-1 hinge holes twice after machining, while it passes through the last hinge hole only once after machining. Assuming the actual cutting edge length of the drilling tool 8 is A, the machining depth of the lug hinge hole is H, the total length of the guide bushing is B, and the minimum clearance between the guide bushing and the hinge hole is C, then the reverse feed distance of the drilling tool 8 (A+H+B+C) mm is just enough to make the shortest distance between the front end of the drilling tool 8 and the bushing mounting base 2 L. The distance L' for removing and installing the combined bushing 1 should be greater than L. Therefore, during actual machining, the drilling tool 8 needs to be withdrawn a certain distance further. Machining n hinge holes requires n-1 reverse withdrawals of the drilling tool 8 to replace the guide sleeve, resulting in low machining efficiency. In addition, the front and rear guide rods of the drilling tool 8 are clearance fits with the combined bushing 1, and the combined bushing 1 is fitted with the bushing mounting seat 2. During machining, tool vibration severely affects the diameter accuracy and coaxiality of the hinge holes. The quick-release and assembly combined bushing 1 structure design adopted in this technical solution, combined with the above-mentioned usage method, completely avoids the drawbacks of the existing technology.

Claims

1. A method for installing and using a combined bushing mounting structure, characterized in that: The combined bushing mounting structure includes a combined bushing and a bushing mounting base (2); The combined bushing includes a bushing body (1.1); the bushing body (1.1) has an axially formed bushing through hole (1.2) inside; the bushing body (1.1) is axially cut into a first half-body (1.11) and a second half-body (1.12) along its central axis; the bushing body (1.1) includes a head locking structure (1.13) and a tail shaft structure (1.14), and a locking mechanism is provided at the head locking structure (1.13), and the first half-body (1.11) and the second half-body (1.12) are detachably connected by the locking mechanism; The bushing mounting base (2) is provided with a bushing mounting hole (3); the first half-body (1.11) and the second half-body (1.12) are detachably positioned and spliced ​​into a bushing body (1.1) by a snap-fit ​​mechanism; the tail shaft structure (1.14) of the bushing body (1.1) is axially inserted into the bushing mounting hole (3) of the bushing mounting base (2) and is clearance-fitted with the bushing mounting hole (3); the bushing mounting base (2) is provided with adjustable fasteners (6) for fixing the bushing body (1.1). The installation and usage method involves using the combined bushing mounting structure for machining continuous multi-ear hinge holes, including the following steps: S1, determine the hinge hole processing scheme of the ear piece (5), that is, based on the three hole making processes of the ear piece (5) of the initial hole, the reaming hole and the boring hole, determine the single hole making process type and the number of consecutive holes n, and prepare the hole making tool (8); among which, the single hole making process type includes single-step hole making and multi-step hole making; among which, single-step hole making refers to completing any one of the three hole making processes in a single time, and multi-step hole making refers to completing any two or three adjacent hole making processes in a single time. S2, prepare an auxiliary fixture device according to the number of consecutive holes n; wherein, the auxiliary fixture device includes a fixture base (4) and N bushing mounting seats (2); all bushing mounting seats (2) are fixed at intervals on the fixture base (4), and the bushing mounting holes (3) of all bushing mounting seats (2) are coaxial, and a clamping assembly (7) is provided between each two adjacent bushing mounting seats (2); wherein, N≥n+1; S3, determine the model and quantity of the combined bushing (1), including: determining the quantity P of the combined bushing (1) based on the number of consecutive holes n, and P≥n+1; determining the size of all combined bushings (1) based on the single hole-making process type and the size of the hole-making tool (8); S4, install n ear pieces (5) one by one onto the clamping assembly (7) of the fixture base (4); S5. According to the single hole-making process type, the corresponding size of the combined bushing (1) is installed on the corresponding bushing mounting seat (2) according to the combined bushing mounting structure, so as to guide the hole-making tool (8). S6. According to the type of single hole making process, the corresponding hole making tool (8) is installed on the CNC machine tool. The CNC machine tool controls the hole making tool (8) to feed along the axial direction of all bushing mounting holes (3). With the guidance of the combined bushing (1) on the bushing mounting seat (2), continuous hole making is carried out on n ear pieces (5) until the current single hole making process of n ear pieces (5) is completed. During this period, if the type of single hole making process is multi-step hole making, the model of the combined bushing (1) on the relevant bushing mounting seat (2) is changed according to the conversion of the hole making process on a single ear piece (5). S7, remove the hole-making tool (8) from the ear piece (5) and the auxiliary fixture device.

2. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The head locking structure (1.13) has an axial pressure bearing plane (1.3) on its side.

3. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The snap-fit ​​mechanism includes a connecting pin (1.5) disposed on the first half-body (1.11) and a pin hole (1.6) disposed on the second half-body (1.12); the connecting pin (1.5) and the pin hole (1.6) are clearance-fitted to allow the first half-body (1.11) and the second half-body (1.12) to be detachably positioned and spliced.

4. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The first half-body (1.11) is provided with a fixing pin through hole (1.4), and the connecting pin (1.5) is interference-fitted with the fixing pin through hole (1.4).

5. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism includes a locking groove (1.7) on the first half-body (1.11) and a locking boss (1.8) on the second half-body (1.12). The locking groove (1.7) and the locking boss (1.8) are fitted with a clearance, so that the first half-body (1.11) and the second half-body (1.12) can be detachably positioned and spliced.

6. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The head locking structure (1.13) has a planar structure (1.9) on its side for clamping and assisting in disassembly.

7. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The fastener (6) includes a connecting screw, the top of which is provided with a pressure nut for axially locking the head locking structure (1.13) of the bushing body (1.1), and the top of the pressure nut is provided with an auxiliary adjustment groove.

8. The installation and use method of the combined bushing mounting structure as described in claim 1, characterized in that: The axial dimension of the tail shaft structure (1.14) that mates with the bushing mounting hole (3) is not less than 10 mm.

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