A multi-plate tailor-welding process for ring-shaped parts with high standard shape and position tolerances

Abstract

The application provides a multi-plate tailor-welding process for a ring-shaped piece with high standard shape and position tolerances, the high standard shape and position tolerances are less than or equal to ±1mm, the number of plate materials in the multi-plate tailor-welding is greater than or equal to 3, and the process comprises the following steps: taking the reference welding edge in each plate material as a reference, determining the original blanking shape according to the shape in the final product, and performing laser blanking; then performing step-by-step tailor-welding, aligning the reference welding edges in two adjacent plate materials, welding, obtaining a double-plate after welding, then correcting the subsequent welding edges on the double-plate to eliminate size deviation and release welding stress, and finally performing laser cutting on the ring-shaped blank to obtain a ring-shaped piece with high standard shape and position tolerances. The application can completely avoid various risks of the existing conventional process, achieve complete consistency, a high comprehensive material yield, and the optimization of quality and cost, and can effectively cooperate with the technical upgrading of reducing the subsequent 3D processing of the thermoformed parts.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application provides a multi-plate spliced welding process for ring-shaped parts with high standard shape and position tolerances, and belongs to the technical field of laser processing. BACKGROUND

[0002] Laser splicing is to use laser energy to automatically splice and weld a plurality of steel materials, stainless steel materials, aluminum alloy materials and the like with different materials, different thicknesses and different coatings to form a whole plate, profile, sandwich panel and the like, so as to meet different requirements of parts on material performance, and to realize lightweight of equipment with the lightest weight, the optimal structure and the best performance. At present, laser spliced plates are mainly applied to vehicle bodies in the automobile manufacturing industry. The product forms of door rings (commonly known as automobile door frames) are various, from 2 steel plates spliced to 6 steel plates spliced, each of which is different from each other, and each of which has a different original shape.

[0003] The multi-plate ring-shaped part splicing generally adopts the following process: first, a die blanking / laser blanking is adopted, and the blanking is the accurate shape of each plate and includes positioning holes. Then a special fixture is used for splicing (the positioning holes can be used for splicing positioning, and the fixture is used for overall clamping and positioning of each plate). In the splicing process of the above process, due to the difference in welding process, the welding stress has a great influence, resulting in 3-8 or even 10 mm of plate edge misalignment (commonly known as misalignment) of the finally welded plate. The welding stress after each weld seam is welded will cause dimensional deviation (or unevenness of the weld seam). Due to the sequence of a plurality of weld seams, the splicing seams that have not been welded are inconsistent, and the cumulative result is that the weld seam is invalid (welding defects) or the cumulative tolerance is too large, resulting in dimensional failure or workpiece deformation, which affects the quality of the product. The ring-shaped plate after splicing needs to be subjected to hot stamping treatment, and due to the existence of misalignment, the consistency of the plate is affected, resulting in the risk of material flow control in different misaligned plate materials during hot stamping; at the same time, the release of the weld seam stress after splicing will cause the relative position of the positioning hole to change, and the change of the relative position of the positioning hole will further cause the hot stamping loading deviation or even failure, affecting the continuity of stamping. The profile of the workpiece after hot stamping needs to be subjected to 3D laser cutting, and 3D laser cutting is the most important process in the entire production process, which is expensive. The plate with misalignment exists and the positioning hole position deviation will cause the cutting edge amount to be inconsistent when the above plate with misalignment exists is subjected to 3D laser cutting after hot stamping, and therefore it is possible to further cause the risk of 3D cutting (including production stoppage, cutting head operation failure and the like). More importantly, the workpiece with misalignment and positioning hole position deviation after hot stamping cannot support the higher production efficiency requirement of reducing 3D cutting amount (less cutting edge, no cutting edge, partial cutting edge and the like) in the 3D laser cutting link. SUMMARY

[0004] In response to the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a multi-plate welding process for annular parts with high-standard form and position tolerances. This process can achieve the ultimate form and position tolerance of the product of ≤±1mm, can successfully avoid the various risks of the aforementioned conventional processes, achieve complete consistency, a high comprehensive yield rate, and achieve the best quality and cost, and can effectively cooperate with the technical upgrade to reduce the subsequent 3D processing of thermoformed parts.

[0005] The technical solution adopted to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention is:

[0006] A process for welding a ring-shaped part with multiple plates with high-standard form and position tolerances, wherein the high-standard form and position tolerances are ≤±1 mm and the number of plates in the welding process is ≥3, comprises the following steps:

[0007] (1) The first welded edge of each sheet is defined as the reference welded edge according to the welding sequence, and the subsequently welded edge is defined as the subsequent welded edge; the reference welded edge of each sheet is used as the reference, and the original blanking shape of each sheet is determined according to the shape of each sheet in the final annular product, wherein, except for the reference welded edge, the remaining contour edges and the subsequent welded edges in the original blanking shape are all set with cutting allowances based on the shape of the sheet in the final product;

[0008] (2) Laser blanking is performed according to the original blanking shape of each sheet;

[0009] (3) Perform step-by-step welding. First, align the reference welding edges of the two adjacent sheets, fix them with a clamp, and then weld them. After welding, a double-piece plate is obtained. If the total number of sheets is an odd number, the extra sheet is not welded first.

[0010] (4) Before welding the double panels to the double panels, or before welding the double panels to the single sheet, the cutting head is used to correct the subsequent welding edges on the double panels to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding process, and at the same time, the original welding stress is released. After correction, the panels are fixed on the fixture and then welded. After welding, multiple panels or annular blanks are obtained; this step is repeated for multiple panels until the final annular blank is formed;

[0011] (5) The annular blank is laser cut, and its inner and outer contours and positioning holes are precisely cut and processed to obtain an annular part with high standard form and position tolerances.

[0012] Furthermore, the shape and position tolerance of the annular parts with high standard shape and position tolerance is ≤±0.5mm, and there is no misalignment in the welding position of the annular parts, which fully meets the requirements of the product design contour line.

[0013] Furthermore, the width of the cutting margin set in step (1) is greater than 1 to 10 mm.

[0014] Further, in step (2), if the subsequent welding process is laser welding with filler wire, the edge gap between the reference welding edge and the subsequent welding edge is preformed at the same time of laser blanking.

[0015] Further, the welding in steps (3) and (4) is specifically laser welding with filler wire or laser welding.

[0016] Further, the ring-shaped piece with high standard geometric tolerance obtained in step (5) can be used to obtain the final product after subsequent hot stamping and three-dimensional laser cutting.

[0017] The application also provides a ring-shaped piece with high standard geometric tolerance, which is obtained by using the above multi-plate welding process.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages: (1) the ring-shaped piece with high standard geometric tolerance prepared by using the process of the application is basically completely consistent with the design CAD drawing, and can realize accurate positioning and accurate control of material flow in the subsequent hot stamping process, thereby guaranteeing the process consistency of the stamping result and the design target. Compared with the stamping blank with inner and outer edge material defects or excess material produced without the special process, the uncontrollability and consistency deviation of the edge material in the stamping process reduces the wrinkling and material defects and quality risks caused by the accidental flow of the material; (2) the geometric tolerance of each positioning hole and the blank shape is accurately controlled, the edge line position and precision of the stamped part can be accurately controlled, the edge cutting amount design of the stamped part is greatly reduced, the blank shearing and blanking sample is optimized in advance, the material utilization rate is greatly improved, the material consumption is saved, and partial edge cutting or even no edge cutting drawing forming is realized; especially for the parts after hot stamping, the processing amount of the three-dimensional laser cutting part shape profile is reduced, the processing bottleneck is reduced, and the production efficiency of the hot forming part is greatly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 is the CAD design drawing of the ring-shaped piece provided in Example 1;

[0020] Figure 2 is the final shape and original blanking shape drawing of the blank A in Example 1;

[0021] Figure 3 is the final shape and original blanking shape drawing of the blank B in Example 1;

[0022] Figure 4 is the final shape and original blanking shape drawing of the blank C in Example 1;

[0023] Figure 5 is the final shape and original blanking shape drawing of the blank D in Example 1;

[0024] Figure 6 The outline drawing of the double-punched plate AD in Example 1;

[0025] Figure 7 The outline drawing of the double-punched plate BC in Example 1;

[0026] Figure 8 The outline drawing of the ring-shaped blank and the cutting schematic drawing in Example 1;

[0027] Figure 9 The CAD design drawing of the ring-shaped part provided in Example 2. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples.

[0029] Example 1

[0030] The CAD design drawing of the ring-shaped part required to be prepared in the present example is shown in Figure 1 , which is required to be made by welding four different plates A / B / C / D.

[0031] According to the welding sequence, the first welded welding edge in each plate is defined as the reference welding edge, and the subsequent welding edges are defined as the subsequent welding edges; each of the plates A / B / C / D has one reference welding edge. Taking the reference welding edge in each plate as the reference, the original blanking outline of each plate is determined according to the outline of each plate in the final product of the ring-shaped part, wherein, in addition to the reference welding edge, the remaining profile edges and the subsequent welding edges in the original blanking outline are provided with a cutting allowance based on the outline of the plate in the final product; the original blanking outline of the plates A / B / C / D is shown in Figures 2-5 , in which the single solid line represents the reference welding edge, and the double solid line represents the cutting allowance, which is usually greater than 1-10 mm in width.

[0032] According to the original blanking outline of each plate, laser blanking is performed; if the subsequent welding process is laser wire filling welding, the edge gap is pre-prepared between the reference welding edge and the subsequent welding edge during laser blanking.

[0033] Then, step-by-step welding is performed, the reference welding edges in the two adjacent plates are aligned first, then fixed by a clamp, and then welded, which is specifically wire filling welding or laser welding. After welding, a double-punched plate is obtained; the double-punched plates AD and BC after welding are shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 The double-punched plates AD and BC are pre-docked, the subsequent welding edges on the double-punched plates are corrected by a cutting head to eliminate the dimensional deviation caused by the previous welding process, Figure 6and Figure 7 The double solid line in the figure means the subsequent welding edge that needs to be corrected. After correction, it is fixed on the fixture and then welded. The ring-shaped blank is obtained after welding, as shown in Figure 8 The thick solid line in the figure is the outer contour of the ring-shaped blank, and the thin solid line is the cutting line of the cutting line and positioning hole. After cutting, the ring-shaped part with high standard form and position tolerance is obtained, and the form and position tolerance is ≤±0.5mm. Figure 8

[0034] Example 2

[0035] The CAD design drawing of the automobile body ring-shaped part required to be prepared in this embodiment is shown in Figure 9 It is required to be made by welding 5 different plates, which are plates A / B / C / D / E.

[0036] According to the welding sequence, the first welded edge in each plate is defined as the reference welding edge, and the subsequent welding edge is defined as the subsequent welding edge. Each of the plates A / B / C / D / E has a reference welding edge. Taking the reference welding edge in each plate as the reference, according to the shape of each plate in the final product of the ring-shaped part, the original blanking shape of each plate is determined, wherein the contour edges and the subsequent welding edges in the original blanking shape except the reference welding edge are set with a cutting allowance based on the shape of the plate in the final product. Generally, the width of the cutting allowance is greater than 1-10mm.

[0037] According to the original blanking shape of each plate, laser blanking is performed. If the subsequent welding process is laser wire filling welding, the gap between the reference welding edge and the subsequent welding edge is preformed during laser blanking.

[0038] Then, step-by-step welding is performed. The reference welding edges of the two adjacent plates are aligned, and then fixed by the fixture, and then welded by wire filling welding or laser welding. After welding, the double-spliced plate is obtained. In this embodiment, the double-spliced plates CD and AB are welded first, and the plate E is not welded first. Then, the double-spliced plate AB and the plate E are pre-docked. The subsequent welding edge on the double-spliced plate AB is corrected by the cutting head to eliminate the size deviation caused by the previous welding process. After correction, it is fixed on the fixture and then welded. After welding, the multi-spliced plate ABE is obtained.

[0039] ​Finally, the double-ply plate CD is pre-docked with the multi-ply plate ABE, a cutting head is used to correct the subsequent welding edges on the double-ply plate CD and the multi-ply plate ABE to eliminate the size deviation caused by the previous welding process, after the correction is completed, the double-ply plate CD is fixed on the fixture, then welding is performed, and after the welding is completed, a ring-shaped blank is obtained. The ring-shaped blank is subjected to laser cutting, and the inner and outer contours and positioning holes are accurately cut and processed, and after cutting, a ring-shaped part with high standard form and position tolerances is obtained, as shown in Figure 9 the figure, the form and position tolerances are ≤±0.5mm.

[0040] The ring-shaped part with high standard form and position tolerances obtained in examples 1 and 2 in the application can be used to manufacture final products after subsequent hot stamping and three-dimensional laser cutting. This process can adapt to the continuous improvement design of subsequent products, partially reduce or even completely cancel the 3D laser contour cutting process after subsequent hot stamping, greatly improve the production efficiency, reduce the investment of 3D cutting equipment, and reduce the manufacturing cost.

Claims

1. A multi-plate tailor-welding process of a ring-shaped piece with high standard shape and position tolerances, the high standard shape and position tolerances being ≤ ±1 mm, the number of sheet materials in the multi-plate tailor-welding being ≥ 3, characterized in that The method comprises the following steps: (1) defining the first welded edge in each plate as a reference welded edge according to the welding sequence, and defining the subsequent welded edge as a subsequent welded edge; taking the reference welded edge in each plate as a reference, determining the original blanking shape of each plate according to the shape of each plate in the final product of the ring-shaped part, wherein, in the original blanking shape, the remaining profile edges and the subsequent welded edge are set with a cutting allowance based on the shape of the plate in the final product except the reference welded edge; (2) carrying out laser blanking according to the original blanking shape of each plate; (3) carrying out step-by-step welding, aligning the reference welded edges in the two adjacent plates, fixing them with a clamp, and then welding, to obtain a double-pasted plate; if the total number of plates is odd, the extra plate is not welded first; (4) before welding the double-pasted plate and the double-pasted plate, or before welding the double-pasted plate and the single plate, the subsequent welded edge on the double-pasted plate is corrected by a cutting head to eliminate the size deviation caused by the previous welding process, and the original welding stress is released, and after correction, it is fixed on the clamp and then welded, to obtain a multi-pasted plate or a ring-shaped blank; for the multi-pasted plate, the step is repeated until the final ring-shaped blank is formed; (5) carrying out laser cutting on the ring-shaped blank to accurately cut the inner and outer contours and positioning holes, to obtain a ring-shaped part with high standard shape and position tolerances.

2. The high-standards of form tolerance ring multi-panel tailor welding process of claim 1, wherein: The shape and position tolerances of the ring-shaped part with high standard shape and position tolerances are ≤±0.5mm, and the ring-shaped part welding position has no wrong edge, completely meeting the product design contour line requirements.

3. The high-standards of form tolerance ring multi-panel tailor welding process of claim 1, wherein: The width of the cutting allowance set in step (1) is greater than 1-10mm.

4. The high-standards of form tolerance ring multi-panel tailor welding process of claim 1, wherein: In step (2), if the subsequent welding process is laser wire filling welding, the reference welded edge and the subsequent welded edge are preformed with a gap between the edges at the same time of laser blanking.

5. The high-stand-ard-form-tolerance ring multi-panel tailor welding process of claim 1, wherein: The welding in steps (3) and (4) specifically adopts wire filling welding or laser welding.

6. The high-stand-ard-form-tolerance ring multi-panel tailor welding process of claim 1, wherein: The ring-shaped part with high standard shape and position tolerances obtained in step (5) can be used to manufacture the final product after hot stamping and three-dimensional laser cutting.

7. A ring-shaped part with high standard shape and position tolerances, which is manufactured by the multi-plate welding process in claim 1.

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