A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus

Abstract

A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus is to inoculate black fungus strains, perform fungus culture, apply a growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth after the ear teeth appear, and after the ear pieces are formed, the cultivation temperature is controlled at 16-18°C, and red light and yellow light are used alternately for light treatment every day. When the ear pieces are fully unfolded and mature, they can be harvested, and the growth promoter is a decoction obtained by boiling astragalus, white mulberry bark, rhizoma anemarrhenae, and radix puerariae as raw materials, and concentrated into an extract, and then quicklime is added and stirred evenly, and propylene glycol and palm oil are added and stirred and mixed to form a growth promoter. The present invention applies a growth promoter during the cultivation process, and after the ear pieces are formed during the cultivation process, red light and yellow light are alternately used for light treatment at low temperature, thereby increasing the yield of black fungus and effectively increasing the polysaccharide content in the black fungus. The polysaccharide content is more than 3 times that of the conventionally cultivated black fungus, and the yield is also increased by 36.1%.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and in particular to a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus. Background Art

[0002] Black Fungus ( Auricularia Auricular ), an edible fungus belonging to the class Basidiomycetes of the Fungi phylum, is a precious colloid fungus for both medicine and food in my country, and is also recognized as a health food in the world. my country is the world's main producer of black fungus, with an annual output accounting for more than 90% of the world's total output. It is produced in most parts of my country, which provides favorable conditions for the development and application of black fungus. Black fungus is crispy and delicious, and is extremely nutritious, with the reputation of "meat among vegetarians". Black fungus contains substances such as plant collagen and fungus polysaccharides. The content of protein, vitamins and iron in dried black fungus is very high. Its protein contains a variety of amino acids, especially lysine and leucine.

[0003] Modern scientific research shows that the biological activity of black fungus mainly comes from its polysaccharide components. Polysacchcrides ofAuricularia Auricular ) is an acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from black fungus. Its structure is more complex than that of proteins and nucleic acids. It is mainly composed of monosaccharides such as fucose, arabinose, xylose, mannose, and glucose. Black fungus polysaccharides have been proven to have a variety of effects on the human body, such as lowering blood sugar, lowering blood lipids, anti-thrombosis, anti-aging, anti-tumor, and improving immunity. In addition, black fungus polysaccharides also have antibacterial and antigenic properties. Anti-radiation, anti-fatigue, clearing active oxygen, and protecting mitochondria and other biological functions. Therefore, increasing the polysaccharide content in black fungus has a significant improvement in the nutritional value and medicinal value of black fungus. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus. By using a specific growth promoter and combining light treatment in a low temperature environment, the yield of black fungus is effectively increased, and the polysaccharide content in the black fungus is doubled, thereby improving the quality of the cultivated black fungus.

[0005] The second object of the present invention is to provide a growth promoter for improving the quality of black fungus.

[0006] The third object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above growth promoter.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0008] A cultivation method for improving the polysaccharide content of black fungus, characterized in that: the cultivation material is bagged and sterilized, black fungus strains are inoculated, fungus culture is carried out, holes are pierced on the fungus bags after the mycelium fills the bags, a growth promoter is applied to the roots of the auricular teeth after the auricular teeth appear, the cultivation temperature is controlled at 16-18 DEG C after the auricular pieces are formed, red light and yellow light are used alternately for light treatment every day, and the auricular pieces can be harvested when they are fully unfolded and mature, the growth promoter is a decoction obtained by boiling astragalus, white mulberry bark, rhizoma anemarrhenae and pueraria root as raw materials, concentrated into an extract, then quicklime is added and stirred evenly, and propylene glycol and palm oil are added and stirred and mixed continuously to form the growth promoter.

[0009] Furthermore, the raw materials include 25-30 parts of astragalus, 15-20 parts of white mulberry bark, 10-13 parts of anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of kudzu root in terms of weight.

[0010] Furthermore, the decoction is prepared by adding water to the raw materials and decocting them for 1-2 hours. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, water is added to the filter residue again for a second decoction, and after the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, and the two supernatants are combined to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total mass of the medicinal materials to the mass of the water added each time is 1:12~15.

[0011] Furthermore, the decoction is concentrated to an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60° C., and the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

[0012] Furthermore, the cultivation temperature is 20-25° C. and the relative humidity is 85-90%. After cultivation for 10-15 days until the ear pieces are formed, the cultivation temperature is lowered to 16-18° C. and the relative humidity remains unchanged. Red light and yellow light are used alternately for 2-3 hours every day, and the alternation is performed every 20-30 minutes.

[0013] During the cultivation process, we originally wanted to use colored light to study the effect of light on the yield of black fungus. However, the study found that under the condition of applying growth promoters, after the ear pieces were formed, the cultivation temperature was appropriately lowered, and red and yellow light were used alternately at a lower temperature for light treatment. This not only significantly increased the yield of black fungus, but also significantly doubled the polysaccharide content in black fungus.

[0014] Furthermore, the cultivation material is prepared by adding water to dry materials consisting of 70-80 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30-35 parts of basswood chips, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts of corn flour, and the materials are packed in bags with a weight of 2-2.5 kg per bag, and the black fungus inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2%.

[0015] Most specifically, a cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0016] Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter:

[0017] (1) According to weight, 25-30 parts of Astragalus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of Puerariae are taken as raw materials, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1-2 hours, then filtered and collected the supernatant, and then water was added to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1-2 hours. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, and the two supernatants are combined to obtain a decoction liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1::1-15;

[0018] (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix uniformly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix uniformly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1 to 2:8 to 10:15 to 18;

[0019] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0020] 70-80 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30-35 parts of basswood chips, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.0-2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 20-30 minutes;

[0021] Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation:

[0022] (1) Inoculate the black fungus strain in the cultivation bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; carry out the fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bag, expose it to light for 20-25 minutes every day and continue to culture for 3-5 days;

[0023] (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes in the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ears emerge, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth, with an application amount of 1-5 g for each ear bud. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with an intensity of 600-800Lx for 2-3 hours every day, alternating every 20-30 minutes, until the ear pieces are fully expanded and mature and can be harvested.

[0024] The above growth promoter is characterized in that: astragalus, mulberry bark, anemarrhena, and kudzu root are mixed as raw materials, water is added for two decoctions, the supernatant is collected by filtration, the two supernatants are combined to obtain a decoction, and the extract is concentrated into an extract, and quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil are added to mix to obtain the growth promoter.

[0025] Furthermore, 25-30 parts of Astragalus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of Pueraria were taken according to weight.

[0026] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18, and the relative density of the extract at 60° C. is 1.28-1.31.

[0027] The preparation method of the above growth promoter is characterized by: using astragalus, mulberry bark, anemarrhena and kudzu root as raw materials, mixing them in sequence, decocting and concentrating them to form an extract, then adding quicklime, stirring and mixing, and adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature to obtain the growth promoter.

[0028] Furthermore, 25-30 parts of Astragalus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of Pueraria were taken according to weight.

[0029] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18, and the relative density of the extract at 60° C. is 1.28-1.31.

[0030] The method for preparing the above growth promoter is characterized by comprising the following steps:

[0031] (1) According to weight, 25-30 parts of Astragalus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of Puerariae are taken as raw materials, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1-2 hours, then filtered and collected the supernatant, and then water was added to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1-2 hours. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, and the two supernatants are combined to obtain a decoction liquid, wherein the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time is 1::1-15;

[0032] (2) The decoction is concentrated to an extract having a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60° C., quicklime is added to the extract and stirred to mix evenly, and after cooling to room temperature, propylene glycol and palm oil are added, and stirring is continued. The growth promoter is mixed evenly, and the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

[0033] The invention adopts mulberry bark, rhizoma anemarrhenae, kudzu root and astragalus as raw materials to provide nutrients for polysaccharide deposition for black fungus, adds quicklime into the extract, releases heat to form calcium hydroxide, plays the role of regulating pH and sterilizing, and simultaneously adds palm oil and propylene glycol, on the one hand, plays a moisturizing effect on the growth promoter, on the other hand, the two act synergistically to regulate the osmotic pressure of the growth promoter, and effectively promotes the nutrients such as synthesis and deposition polysaccharides in the growth promoter to be effectively and smoothly absorbed by the black fungus.

[0034] The present invention has the following technical effects:

[0035] The invention applies a growth promoter during the cultivation process, and performs alternating red light and yellow light illumination treatment at low temperature after the auricles are formed during the cultivation process, thereby increasing the yield of black fungus and effectively increasing the polysaccharide content in the black fungus. The polysaccharide content is more than 3 times that of the conventionally cultivated black fungus, and the yield is also increased by 36.1%.

[0036] The growth promoter used in the present invention is used in the cultivation of black fungus, and can effectively promote the rapid and effective absorption of nutrients by the black fungus through the regulation of pH and osmotic pressure, thereby increasing the yield of the black fungus and the polysaccharide content in the black fungus. Compared with the black fungus without the growth promoter, the yield of the black fungus is increased by 11.1%, the polysaccharide content is increased to 1.54 times of the original, and the infection of miscellaneous bacteria in the black fungus cultivation bag is also reduced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention is described in detail below through examples. It is necessary to point out that the following examples are only used to further illustrate the present invention and cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can make some non-essential improvements and adjustments to the present invention based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0040] Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter:

[0041] (1) 28 parts of Astragalus, 18 parts of Morus alba, 12 parts of Anemarrhena, and 22 parts of Puerariae were taken as raw materials according to weight, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1.5 hours, then filtered and collected the supernatant, and then added water to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1.5 hours. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was filtered and collected, and the two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction liquid, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time was 1:12;

[0042] (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix evenly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16;

[0043] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0044] 75 parts by weight of corn stalks, 32 parts by weight of basswood chips, 1.5 parts by weight of quicklime, 2.5 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 16 parts by weight of wheat bran, and 14 parts by weight of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 25 minutes;

[0045] Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation:

[0046] (1) Inoculate the black fungus strain in the cultivation bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bag, light is exposed for 25 minutes per day and culture is continued for 4 days;

[0047] (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes in the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ears emerge, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth. The average application amount for each ear bud is 2 g. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Irradiate with red light with an intensity of 600Lx for 2 hours every day until the ear pieces are fully unfolded and 80% mature, and then harvest.

[0048] Controlled trials:

[0049] On the basis of Example 1, under normal temperature, after the ear pieces are formed, the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light and white light are used to continuously irradiate instead of alternating red light and yellow light, and the irradiation time is the same. After the ear pieces are formed, the cultivation temperature is further reduced to 16-18°C, and the same red light, green light, blue light, yellow light and white light are used to continuously irradiate instead of alternating red light and yellow light, and the irradiation time is the same. The yield and polysaccharide content of the cultivated black fungus are counted, and the results are shown in Table 1. The polysaccharide content involved in the present invention is all data measured after extraction from black fungus.

[0050] Table 1:

[0051]

[0052] The yield of dried black fungus obtained by applying growth promoter alone at room temperature was 79g / bag, the polysaccharide content was 6.81%, and the contamination rate of fungus bags was 8.6%. The yield of dried black fungus obtained by lowering the cultivation temperature after the auricle pieces were formed was 76g / bag, the polysaccharide content was also reduced to 6.03%, and the contamination rate of fungi did not change significantly, at 8.4%.

[0053] After being irradiated with various colored lights at room temperature, the yield of cultivated black fungus increased slightly to varying degrees, and the polysaccharide content of black fungus cultivated at room temperature increased and decreased compared with the case of no light, but the overall changes were not significant. After light treatment at low temperature, the polysaccharide content of black fungus cultivated under the above different light conditions showed an upward trend compared with the low temperature and no light condition, but the red light treatment was only similar to the room temperature and no light treatment, and the polysaccharide content of the black fungus corresponding to the other light conditions was even lower than that of the room temperature and no light group.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0056] Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter:

[0057] (1) 28 parts of Astragalus, 18 parts of Morus alba, 12 parts of Anemarrhena, and 22 parts of Puerariae were taken as raw materials according to weight, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1.5 hours, then filtered and collected the supernatant, and then added water to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1.5 hours. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was filtered and collected, and the two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction liquid, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time was 1:12;

[0058] (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix evenly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1.5:9:16;

[0059] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0060] 75 parts by weight of corn stalks, 32 parts by weight of basswood chips, 1.5 parts by weight of quicklime, 2.5 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 16 parts by weight of wheat bran, and 14 parts by weight of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 25 minutes;

[0061] Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation:

[0062] (1) Inoculate the black fungus strain in the cultivation bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 1.0% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bag, light is exposed for 25 minutes per day and culture is continued for 4 days;

[0063] (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes on the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ear emerges, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth, with an average application amount of 2 g for each ear bud. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear piece is formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with an intensity of 600Lx for 2 hours every day, alternating every 20 minutes, until the ear piece is fully unfolded and 80% mature, and then it can be harvested.

[0064] Comparative Example 1

[0065] Compared with Example 2, when preparing the growth promoter, an equal amount of propylene glycol was used to replace palm oil, and the remaining steps were the same as those in Example 2, that is, only propylene glycol was used as the solvent in this scheme.

[0066] Comparative Example 2

[0067] Compared with Example 2, in this solution, after the ear piece is formed, the same light irradiation is still carried out at a room temperature of 22-25° C., and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0068] Comparative Example 3

[0069] Compared with Example 2, after the ear pieces mature, under the same low temperature environment, green light is used instead of yellow light to form an alternating light treatment with red light, and the remaining steps are the same as in Example 2.

[0070] Example 3

[0071] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0072] Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter:

[0073] (1) 25 parts of Astragalus, 15 parts of Morus alba, 10 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20 parts of Puerariae were taken as raw materials according to weight, mixed, added with water and boiled for 2 hours, then filtered to collect the supernatant, and then added water to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1 hour. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was filtered to collect, and the two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction liquid. The mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time was 1:13;

[0074] (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix evenly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix evenly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1:8:18;

[0075] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0076] 80 parts by weight of corn stalks, 35 parts of basswood chips, 2 parts of quicklime, 3 parts of gypsum powder, 18 parts of wheat bran, and 15 parts of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.0 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 30 minutes;

[0077] Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation:

[0078] (1) Inoculate the black fungus strain in the cultivation bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 1.2% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bag, light is exposed for 20 minutes per day and culture is continued for 3 days;

[0079] (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes in the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ear emerges, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth, with an average application amount of 2 g for each ear bud. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear piece is formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with an intensity of 800Lx to alternate for 2.5 hours every day, and alternate every 30 minutes until the ear piece is fully unfolded and about 80% mature, and then it can be harvested.

[0080] Example 4

[0081] A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus comprises the following steps:

[0082] Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter:

[0083] (1) 30 parts of Astragalus, 20 parts of Morus alba, 13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 25 parts of Puerariae were taken as raw materials according to weight, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1 hour, then filtered to collect the supernatant, and then added water to the filter residue for a second decoction for 2 hours. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was filtered to collect, and the two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction liquid, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time was 1:15;

[0084] (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix uniformly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix uniformly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:2:10:15;

[0085] Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material:

[0086] 70 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30 parts by weight of basswood chips, 1 part by weight of quicklime, 2 parts by weight of gypsum powder, 1 part by weight of wheat bran, and 12 parts by weight of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 20 minutes;

[0087] Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation:

[0088] (1) Inoculate the black fungus strain in the cultivation bag after the mold, and the inoculation amount is 0.8% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; carry out fungus culture at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bag, light is exposed for 20 minutes per day and culture is continued for 5 days;

[0089] (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes in the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ear emerges, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth, with an average application amount of 5 g for each ear bud. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear piece is formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with an intensity of 700Lx to alternate for 3 hours every day, and alternate every 30 minutes until the ear piece is fully unfolded and about 80% mature, and then it can be harvested.

[0090] In the cultivation methods of Examples 2-4, Comparative Examples 1-3 and the blank group, 500 bags were cultivated respectively, and the yield of black fungus, bag contamination rate, growth of black fungus, polysaccharide content and other indicators of each scheme control were statistically analyzed. Except for the contamination rate, the indicators did not consider the contaminated bags, and the harvest volume of the uncontaminated bags was calculated. The blank control group used the cultivation bag of Example 1 to inoculate the same amount of black fungus strains, but no growth promoter was applied during the inoculation and cultivation process, and the cultivation temperature was not reduced after the ear pieces were formed. The statistical results are shown in Table 2.

[0091] Table 2:

[0092]

[0093] It can be seen that under conventional cultivation methods, the yield of dry black fungus bags is 72g / bag, and the polysaccharide content is only 4.42%. Compared with the group in the above control test where growth promoters were added (normal temperature group), the yield increased by 11.1% after adding growth promoters, and the polysaccharide content was 1.54 times that of the blank control group.

[0094] In Example 2, the output of dried black fungus reached 98g / bag, the polysaccharide content was increased to 12.37%, and the contamination rate of the fungus bag was also significantly reduced. In Comparative Example 1, on the basis of Example 2, the solvent in the growth promoter used only used propylene glycol, which had a large difference in the moisturizing and osmotic pressure regulating effects of the growth promoter, and the final black fungus polysaccharide content entered the black fungus for precipitation, which was not ideal. Although the same illumination as in Example 2 was used in Comparative Example 2, the cultivation temperature during illumination was room temperature, which ultimately resulted in illumination not playing a role in promoting the absorption and synthesis of polysaccharides. Although Comparative Example 3 was illuminated at a low temperature cultivation temperature, red light and green light were used for alternate illumination, and the final polysaccharide content in the black fungus decreased instead.

Claims

1. A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus, characterized in that: The cultivation material is bagged and sterilized, and black fungus is inoculated for fungus culture. After the mycelium fills the bag, holes are pierced on the bag. After the ear teeth appear, a growth promoter is applied to the root of the ear teeth. After the ear pieces are formed, the cultivation temperature is controlled at 16-18°C, and red light and yellow light with an intensity of 600-800Lx are used for illumination alternately for 2-3 hours every day, and the alternation is performed every 20-30 minutes. When the ear pieces are fully unfolded and mature, they can be harvested. The growth promoter is obtained by boiling 25-30 parts of astragalus, 15-20 parts of white mulberry bark, 10-13 parts of anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of kudzu root in parts by weight. The decoction obtained is concentrated into an extract with a relative density of 1.28-1.31 at 60°C, and then quicklime is added and stirred evenly, and then propylene glycol and palm oil are added and stirred to form a growth promoter. The decoction is prepared by adding water to the raw material and decocting it for 1-2 hours. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, and water is added to the filter residue again for a second decoction. After the decoction is completed, the supernatant is filtered and collected, and the two supernatants are combined to obtain a decoction. The mass ratio of the total mass of the raw material to the water added each time is 1:12-15, and the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1-2:8-10:15-18.

2. A method for cultivating black fungus to increase the polysaccharide content as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The incubation temperature is 20-25° C., and the relative humidity is 85-90%. After incubation for 10-15 days until the ear pieces are formed, the incubation temperature is reduced to 16-18° C.

3. A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The cultivation material is prepared by adding water to dry materials consisting of 70-80 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30-35 parts of basswood chips, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts of corn flour, and is packed in bags with a weight of 2-2.5 kg per bag, and the black fungus inoculation amount is 0.8-1.2%.

4. A cultivation method for increasing the polysaccharide content of black fungus, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1: Preparation of growth promoter: (1) According to weight, 25-30 parts of Astragalus, 15-20 parts of Morus alba, 10-13 parts of Anemarrhena, and 20-25 parts of Puerariae were taken as raw materials, mixed, added with water and boiled for 1-2 hours, then filtered and collected the supernatant, and then added water to the filter residue for a second decoction for 1-2 hours. After the decoction was completed, the supernatant was filtered and collected, and the two supernatants were combined to obtain a decoction liquid, and the mass ratio of the total amount of the raw materials to the water used each time was 1:12-15; (2) Concentrating the decoction to an extract having a relative density of 1.28 to 1.31 at 60° C., adding quicklime to the extract and stirring to mix uniformly, adding propylene glycol and palm oil after cooling to room temperature, continuing to stir and mix uniformly to obtain a growth promoter, wherein the mass ratio of the extract, quicklime, propylene glycol and palm oil is 100:1 to 2:8 to 10:15 to 18; Step 2: Prepare the cultivation material: 70-80 parts by weight of corn stalks, 30-35 parts of basswood chips, 1-2 parts of quicklime, 2-3 parts of gypsum powder, 15-18 parts of wheat bran, and 12-15 parts of corn flour are placed in a universal grinder, crushed, passed through a 20-mesh sieve, and stirred to obtain a matrix powder; purified water is added to the matrix powder, and the mixture is uniformly mixed to obtain a cultivation wet material, and the cultivation wet material is loaded into an edible fungus bag according to a specification of 2.0-2.5 kg per bag, and sterilized at 121° C. for 20-30 minutes; Step 3: Inoculation and cultivation: (1) Inoculate black fungus in sterilized cultivation bags, with the inoculation amount being 0.8-1.2% based on the mass ratio of black fungus to substrate; culture the bags at a temperature of 22-25°C and a relative humidity of 80-90%. After the mycelium fills the bags, expose the bags to light for 20-25 minutes per day and continue culturing for 3-5 days; (2) Use an iron nail with a diameter of 5-7 mm to evenly pierce holes in the mushroom bag. The number of holes in the entire cultivation bag is 15-18, and the hole depth is 1-2 cm. After the ears emerge, apply growth promoter to the root of the ear teeth, with an application amount of 1-5 g for each ear bud. Continue to cultivate at a temperature of 20-25°C and a relative humidity of 85-90% until the ear pieces are formed. Then reduce the temperature to 16-18°C and the relative humidity to 85-90%. Use red light and yellow light with an intensity of 600-800Lx for 2-3 hours every day, alternating every 20-30 minutes, until the ear pieces are fully expanded and mature and can be harvested.

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