Extraction device and ganoderma spore oil extraction process

Abstract

The application discloses an extraction device and a ganoderma spore oil extraction process, and relates to the field of extraction equipment. In the application, the pressure cavity and the gas distribution port are arranged on the stirring blade, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the gas conveying flow channel can be sprayed from one side of the stirring blade into the extraction kettle through the pressure cavity and the gas distribution port, and the stirring blade rotates and stirs in the extraction kettle, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is more uniformly distributed into the extraction kettle through the cooperation of the rotating stirring blade and the gas distribution port, the mixing effect of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and the raw materials in the extraction kettle is improved, and the extraction effect is improved. Moreover, the gas distribution ports on the two stirring blades which are symmetrically distributed in the same group are reversely arranged, so that the two corresponding stirring blades can receive the thrusts in opposite directions when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is sprayed through the gas distribution ports, and the thrusts can assist the rotation and stirring of the stirring blades, so that the working energy consumption of the driving assembly is reduced.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of extraction equipment, and particularly relates to an extraction device and a ganoderma spore oil extraction process. BACKGROUND

[0002] Supercritical extraction is to use supercritical fluid, i.e. fluid in a thermodynamic state with temperature higher than critical temperature and pressure higher than critical pressure, as an extractant to extract specific components from liquid or solid, so as to achieve the purpose of separation, which is commonly used in plant essential oil extraction and chemical and pharmaceutical industries.

[0003] Chinese patent CN108465267B discloses a supercritical extraction equipment for pharmaceutical use, wherein a disc-shaped spray disc is arranged, and uniform spray heads are arranged on the spray disc, so that the coverage of the sprayed supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is larger, thereby accelerating the extraction mixing effect and improving the extraction efficiency.

[0004] However, there are still the following problems: firstly, the spray disc can only uniformly distribute the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid at the bottom of the extraction tank, but not directly and uniformly distribute it in the entire extraction tank, so that the mixing effect of the carbon dioxide fluid and the raw material is limitedly improved; on the other hand, the spray disc is arranged at the bottom of the extraction tank, which will hinder the discharge of solid residues after the extraction is completed when the solid raw material is extracted. SUMMARY

[0005] In view of the problems in the related art, the present application provides an extraction device and a ganoderma spore oil extraction process to overcome the above technical problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present application is realized by the following technical scheme:

[0007] The present application is an extraction device, which comprises an extraction kettle and a stirring mechanism, the top end of the extraction kettle is provided with a raw material inlet, the bottom end of the extraction kettle is provided with an extraction liquid outlet and a residue discharge port, the stirring mechanism comprises a driving assembly and a stirring shaft, the stirring shaft is rotatably installed in the interior of the extraction kettle, a plurality of groups of symmetrical stirring blades are fixedly installed on the outer circle of the stirring shaft from top to bottom, and the driving assembly is fixedly installed at the top end of the extraction kettle and is in transmission connection with the stirring shaft.

[0008] A gas distribution mechanism for conveying an extraction agent is arranged in the stirring mechanism, the gas distribution mechanism comprises a gas conveying flow channel and a plurality of pressure cavities, the gas conveying flow channel is arranged in the interior of the stirring shaft, the plurality of pressure cavities are respectively arranged in the interiors of the plurality of stirring blades, and the gas conveying flow channel is in communication with the plurality of pressure cavities at the same time, a plurality of gas distribution openings in communication with the pressure cavities are formed on one side of the stirring blade, and the gas distribution openings on the two stirring blades in the same group are arranged in opposite directions.

[0009] The end of the stirring blade is provided with a cleaning mechanism capable of cleaning the inner wall of the extraction kettle and assisting in discharging;

[0010] The cleaning mechanism comprises a cleaning scraper and a pneumatic telescopic assembly, the cleaning scraper is installed at the end of the stirring blade through the pneumatic telescopic assembly, one side of the cleaning scraper is tightly attached to the inner wall of the extraction kettle, the pneumatic telescopic assembly can be retracted inward under the action of the gas pressure in the pressure chamber when the pressure chamber is filled with extractant, so as to drive the cleaning scraper to move towards the stirring blade, so that the cleaning scraper is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle, the pneumatic telescopic assembly can also be reset and elongated when not under the action of the gas pressure, so as to drive the cleaning scraper to move and tightly attach to the inner wall of the extraction kettle.

[0011] Further, the driving assembly comprises a motor frame and a driven bevel gear, the motor frame is fixedly installed at the top end of the extraction kettle, the top end of the motor frame is fixedly provided with a stirring motor, the output shaft at the bottom end of the stirring motor is fixedly provided with a driving bevel gear;

[0012] The upper end of the stirring shaft extends to one side below the stirring motor, the driven bevel gear is fixedly installed at the top end of the stirring shaft, the inside of the motor frame is also rotatably provided with a transmission bevel gear engaged and transmissionally connected between the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear.

[0013] Further, a plurality of fixed sleeves are fixedly installed on the stirring shaft from top to bottom, the outer ring of the fixed sleeve is fixedly provided with symmetrically distributed stirring blades, the side of the stirring blade opposite to the gas distribution port direction is fixedly provided with a reinforcing rib plate.

[0014] Further, the gas conveying flow channel comprises a gas inlet and a gas inlet flow channel, the gas inlet flow channel is arranged in the inside of the stirring shaft, the gas inlet is rotatably installed at the top end of the stirring shaft and in communication with one end of the gas inlet flow channel, the stirring shaft is also provided with a gas guide groove connected between the gas inlet flow channel and the pressure chamber.

[0015] Further, the pneumatic telescopic assembly comprises a positioning plate, the positioning plate is fixedly installed at the outside end of the stirring blade, the inside of the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic slideways, the inside of the telescopic slideway is fixedly provided with a piston, the outside end of the piston is fixedly provided with a telescopic shaft, one end of the telescopic shaft extends to the outside of the positioning plate and is fixedly connected with one side of the cleaning scraper;

[0016] The inside of the positioning plate is also provided with a gas inlet groove in communication with the pressure chamber, one end of the gas inlet groove is provided with a gas inlet hole in communication with the outside end of the telescopic slideway.

[0017] Further, the inside of the piston is provided with a telescopic sliding hole, a hydraulic plug is slidingly installed in the telescopic sliding hole, a pin shaft capable of extending to the outside of the piston is fixedly installed on the outside end of the hydraulic plug, and a pin hole capable of being pinned with the pin shaft is formed on the inner wall of the telescopic sliding hole.

[0018] The telescopic shaft is provided with an air inlet nozzle, one end of the air inlet nozzle is communicated with the telescopic sliding channel, and the other end of the air inlet nozzle is communicated with the telescopic sliding hole.

[0019] Further, the outer ring of the pin shaft is sleeved with a return spring, one end of the return spring abuts against the hydraulic plug, and the other end of the return spring abuts against the end wall of the telescopic sliding hole.

[0020] Further, the inside end of the telescopic sliding channel is installed with a pressure spring abutting against the inside surface of the piston, and a limiting ring located at the inside end of the piston is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the telescopic sliding channel.

[0021] Further, the cleaning scraper comprises a side wall scraper and a bottom wall scraper, the side wall scraper is a vertical scraper, the bottom wall scraper is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the side wall scraper, and the bottom wall scraper is an arc-shaped scraper matching the arc line of the bottom wall of the extraction kettle.

[0022] The present application also discloses a ganoderma spore oil extraction process, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0023] Firstly, the broken wall and crushed ganoderma spore powder is transported into the extraction kettle through the raw material inlet, then the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is transported into the pressure cavity through the gas conveying flow channel, at this time, the pneumatic telescopic assembly is contracted inward under the pressure action of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure cavity, so as to drive the cleaning scraper to move to the direction of the stirring blade, so that the cleaning scraper is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle, meanwhile, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure cavity is sprayed outward into the extraction kettle through the gas distribution port on the side of the stirring blade, then the driving assembly drives the stirring shaft and the stirring blade to rotate in the extraction kettle, so that the ganoderma spore powder and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle are fully mixed through the rotation of the stirring blade, meanwhile, the stirring blade uniformly distributes the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle through rotation, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts the ganoderma spore oil from the ganoderma spore powder, and the ganoderma spore oil is discharged through the extraction liquid outlet, meanwhile, the gas conveying flow channel continuously transports the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the extraction kettle, so as to continuously carry out the extraction process.

[0024] When the extraction is completed, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the gas delivery channel is stopped, at this time, the pneumatic telescopic assembly is not reset to elongate under the action of gas pressure, and the cleaning scraper is moved close to the inner wall of the extraction kettle, and the driving assembly continues to work to drive the cleaning scraper to rotate along the inner wall of the extraction kettle, so that the ganoderma spore powder residue adhered to the inner wall of the extraction kettle is scraped off, and the residue is scraped out through the residue discharge port, so that the extraction kettle is cleaned.

[0025] The present application has the following advantages:

[0026] 1. In the present application, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the gas delivery channel can be injected from one side of the stirring blade into the extraction kettle through the pressure chamber and the gas distribution port, and the stirring blade rotates in the extraction kettle to mix the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and the raw materials in the extraction kettle, thereby improving the extraction effect; the gas distribution ports on the two stirring blades in the same group are oppositely arranged, so that the two stirring blades can receive opposite thrust when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is injected through the gas distribution ports, and the thrust direction of the stirring blade is the same as the direction of the driving assembly driving the stirring blade to rotate, thereby assisting the rotation of the stirring blade to reduce the energy consumption of the driving assembly.

[0027] 2. In the present application, the cleaning scraper is installed on the outer side of the stirring blade and abuts against the inner wall of the extraction kettle, which can rotate along the inner wall of the extraction kettle to scrape off the residue adhered to the inner wall of the extraction kettle, and the residue is scraped out through the residue discharge port, thereby making the cleaning of the residue in the extraction kettle more convenient and facilitating the rapid recovery of the extraction kettle; during the extraction process, the pneumatic telescopic assembly is contracted inward under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber to move the cleaning scraper towards the stirring blade, so that the cleaning scraper is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle, thereby preventing the cleaning scraper from continuously scraping the inner wall of the extraction kettle during the extraction process, and preventing the cleaning scraper from being worn out due to long-time scraping, thereby improving the service life of the cleaning scraper and reducing the resistance during rotation of the cleaning scraper to reduce the driving energy consumption.

[0028] Of course, any product implementing the present application does not necessarily need to achieve all the advantages described above. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for describing the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, they can also obtain drawings based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] Figure 1 This is one of the three-dimensional structural diagrams of the extraction device of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 For the present invention Figure 1 A local enlarged structural diagram of point A;

[0032] Figure 3 This is the second schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the extraction device of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at point B;

[0034] Figure 5 This is the third schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the extraction device of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 For the present invention Figure 5 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at point C;

[0036] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the stirring mechanism of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 8 For the present invention Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the local enlarged structure at point D.

[0038] Figure: 1. Extraction kettle; 11. Raw material inlet; 12. Extraction liquid outlet; 13. Slag discharge port; 2. Stirring mechanism; 21. Stirring shaft; 22. Stirring blade; 23. Stirring motor; 24. Motor frame; 25. Driving bevel gear; 26. Transmission bevel gear; 27. Driven bevel gear; 28. Fixed sleeve; 29. ​​Reinforcement rib plate; 3. Air distribution mechanism; 31. Air distribution port; 32. Air inlet; 33. Inlet flow channel; 34. Pressure chamber; 35. Air guide groove; 4. Cleaning mechanism; 41. Cleaning scraper; 42. Positioning plate; 43. Telescopic shaft; 44. Telescopic slide; 45. Piston; 46. Pressure spring; 47. Air inlet groove; 48. Air inlet hole; 49. Air inlet nozzle; 410. Pin shaft; 411. Telescopic slide hole; 412. Hydraulic plug; 413. Pin hole; 414. Return spring; 415. Limiting ring; 4101. Side wall scraper; 4102. Bottom wall scraper. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of the invention, not all of them. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0040] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "opening", "upper", "lower", "top", "middle", "inside" and the like indicating orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the components or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the invention.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See also Figure 1 、 Figure 2 As shown, the present invention is an extraction device, comprising an extraction kettle 1 and a stirring mechanism 2, wherein a raw material inlet 11 is provided at the top of the extraction kettle 1, an extract outlet 12 and a slag discharge port 13 are provided at the bottom of the extraction kettle 1, and the stirring mechanism 2 comprises a driving assembly and a stirring shaft 21, the stirring shaft 21 is rotatably mounted inside the extraction kettle 1, and a plurality of groups of symmetrically distributed stirring blades 22 are fixedly mounted on the outer ring of the stirring shaft 21 from top to bottom, the driving assembly is fixedly mounted on the top of the extraction kettle 1 and is transmission-connected to the stirring shaft 21; a gas distribution mechanism 3 for conveying an extractant is provided in the stirring mechanism 2, the gas distribution mechanism 3 comprises a gas conveying flow channel and a plurality of pressure chambers 34, the gas conveying flow channel is arranged inside the stirring shaft 21, the plurality of pressure chambers 34 are respectively arranged inside the plurality of stirring blades 22, and the gas conveying flow channel is communicated with the plurality of pressure chambers 34 at the same time, and the stirring blades 22 are One side is provided with a plurality of air distribution ports 31 connected to the pressure chamber 34, and the air distribution ports 31 on the two stirring blades 22 symmetrically distributed in the same group are arranged in opposite directions; the end of the stirring blade 22 is installed with a cleaning mechanism 4 that can clean the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 and assist in discharge; the cleaning mechanism 4 includes a cleaning scraper 41 and a pneumatic telescopic component, the cleaning scraper 41 is installed on the end of the stirring blade 22 through the pneumatic telescopic component, and one side of the cleaning scraper 41 is closely attached to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, the pneumatic telescopic component can be retracted inwardly under the action of the air pressure in the pressure chamber 34 when the pressure chamber 34 is filled with the extractant, so as to drive the cleaning scraper 41 to move toward the stirring blade 22, so that the cleaning scraper 41 is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, and the pneumatic telescopic component can also be reset and extended when not under the action of air pressure, so as to drive the cleaning scraper 41 to move closely to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1;

[0043] Specifically, when the extraction device is working, raw materials are first delivered into the extraction kettle 1 through the raw material inlet 11, and then the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is delivered into the pressure chamber 34 through the gas delivery channel. At this time, the pneumatic telescopic assembly is inwardly contracted under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber 34, so as to drive the cleaning scraper 41 to move towards the direction of the stirring blade 22, separate the cleaning scraper 41 from the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, and spray the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber 34 outwards to the extraction kettle 1 through the gas distribution port 31 on one side of the stirring blade 22. Then, the stirring shaft 21 and the stirring blade 22 are driven to rotate in the extraction kettle 1 by the driving assembly, so as to fully mix the raw materials and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle 1 through the rotation of the stirring blade 22, and uniformly distribute the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle 1 through the rotation of the stirring blade 22. The supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts the extract from the raw materials, and discharges the extract through the extract outlet 12. At the same time, the gas delivery channel continuously delivers the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the extraction kettle 1, so as to continuously carry out the extraction process. When the extraction is completed, the delivery of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the gas delivery channel is stopped. At this time, the pneumatic telescopic assembly is reset to elongate without the action of the gas pressure, and drives the cleaning scraper 41 to move closely to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1. The driving assembly continues to work, so that the stirring blade 22 drives the cleaning scraper 41 to rotate and move along the inside of the extraction kettle 1, scrapes off the residual raw materials adhered to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, and then opens the residue discharge port 13 to discharge the residual raw materials, so as to restore the cleanliness of the extraction kettle 1.

[0044] In this embodiment, the rotating stirring blade 22 cooperates with the air distribution port 31 to distribute the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid more evenly into the extraction kettle 1, which can improve the mixing effect of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid and the raw materials in the extraction kettle 1, thereby improving the extraction effect. At the same time, the reverse thrust force when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is ejected can assist the stirring blade 22 in rotating and stirring, so as to reduce the working energy consumption of the driving component. At the same time, the thrust of the stirring blade 22 when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is ejected helps to balance the rotational resistance of the stirring blade 22 and the stirring shaft 21 during rotation and stirring, and prevents the stirring blade 22 and the stirring shaft 21 from torsion deformation under the action of the rotational resistance, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the stirring blade 22 and the stirring shaft 21; the cleaning scraper 41 that can rotate after the extraction is completed can scrape the raw material residue adhering to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 The cleaning scraper 41 is removed and the residue is scraped and discharged through the residue discharge port 13, thereby making it more convenient to clean the residue in the extraction kettle 1, which is beneficial to quickly restore the cleaning of the extraction kettle 1. During the extraction process, the pneumatic telescopic component contracts inwardly under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber 34 to drive the cleaning scraper 41 to separate from the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, thereby preventing the cleaning scraper 41 from continuously scraping the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 during the extraction process, and further preventing the cleaning scraper 41 from being worn due to long-term scraping, which is beneficial to improving the service life of the cleaning scraper 41. At the same time, it can reduce the resistance of the cleaning scraper 41 during rotation to reduce driving energy consumption, and when the cleaning scraper 41 rotates, it can also stir the area near the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 to further improve the mixing effect of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle 1 and the raw materials in the extraction kettle.

[0045] Example 2

[0046] See also Figures 1-4 、 Figure 7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the driving assembly includes a motor frame 24 and a driven bevel gear 27. The motor frame 24 is fixedly mounted on the top of the extraction kettle 1. The stirring motor 23 is fixedly mounted on the top of the motor frame 24. The output shaft at the bottom of the stirring motor 23 is fixedly mounted with a driving bevel gear 25. The upper end of the stirring shaft 21 extends to one side below the stirring motor 23, and the driven bevel gear 27 is fixedly mounted on the top of the stirring shaft 21. A transmission bevel gear 26 is rotatably mounted inside the motor frame 24 and is meshed and connected between the driving bevel gear 25 and the driven bevel gear 27.

[0047] During extraction, the stirring motor 23 drives the driving bevel gear 25 to rotate, and when the driving bevel gear 25 rotates, the driven bevel gear 27 is driven to rotate through the meshing transmission of the transmission bevel gear 26, so that the driven bevel gear 27 drives the stirring shaft 21 and the stirring blade 22 to rotate, so that the stirring shaft 21 and the stirring blade 22 stir the extraction kettle 1.

[0048] Furthermore, a plurality of fixed sleeves 28 are fixedly installed on the stirring shaft 21 from top to bottom, and the outer ring of the fixed sleeve 28 is fixedly installed with symmetrically distributed stirring blades 22. A reinforcing rib plate 29 is fixedly installed on the side of the stirring blade 22 opposite to the air distribution port 31. By providing the reinforcing rib plate 29, the stirring blade 22 can be reinforced to increase the bearing capacity of the stirring blade 22 and prevent the stirring blade 22 from being deformed by force during rotation and stirring.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] See also Figures 3-7 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the gas delivery channel includes an air inlet 32 ​​and an air inlet channel 33. The air inlet channel 33 is arranged inside the stirring shaft 21. The air inlet 32 ​​is rotatably mounted on the top of the stirring shaft 21 and is connected to one end of the air inlet channel 33. The stirring shaft 21 is also provided with an air guide groove 35 connected between the air inlet channel 33 and the pressure chamber 34. The air inlet 32 ​​is connected to the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid storage tank. During extraction, supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is continuously delivered to the air inlet 32 ​​through the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid storage tank. Thereafter, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is delivered to the pressure chamber 34 inside each stirring blade 22 through the air inlet channel 33 and the air guide groove 35, and finally ejected from the air distribution port 31.

[0051] By meshing the stirring motor 23 and the stirring shaft 21 through a bevel gear set, a space is left at the top of the stirring shaft 21, so that the stirring shaft 21 can be rotatably connected to the air inlet 32 ​​through the top. As a result, when the stirring shaft 21 rotates, the air inlet 32 ​​can remain stationary, thereby ensuring that the air inlet 32 ​​can continuously and stably transport supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the extraction kettle 1.

[0052] Example 4

[0053] See also Figures 4-8 As shown, the difference between this embodiment and the above embodiment is that the pneumatic telescopic assembly includes a positioning plate 42, which is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the stirring blade 22, and a plurality of telescopic slides 44 are provided inside the positioning plate 42, and a piston 45 is fixedly mounted inside the telescopic slide 44. A telescopic shaft 43 is fixedly mounted on the outer end of the piston 45, and one end of the telescopic shaft 43 extends to the outside of the positioning plate 42 and is fixedly connected to one side of the cleaning scraper 41; an air inlet groove 47 communicating with the pressure chamber 34 is further provided inside the positioning plate 42, and an air inlet hole 48 communicating with the outer end of the telescopic slide 44 is provided at one end of the air inlet groove 47; a pressure spring 46 abutting against the inner side surface of the piston 45 is installed on the inner end of the telescopic slide 44, and a limiting ring 415 located at the inner end of the piston 45 is fixedly mounted on the inner wall of the telescopic slide 44;

[0054] When the high pressure supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is input into the pressure cavity 34 during the extraction, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is delivered to the outside end of the telescopic slide 44 through the air inlet groove 47 and the air inlet hole 48, at this time the piston 45 in the telescopic slide 44 slides to the inside end of the telescopic slide 44 under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, so as to drive the telescopic shaft 43 to slide into the inside of the telescopic slide 44 and contract, at the same time the telescopic shaft 43 drives the cleaning scraper 41 to move to the direction of the stirring blade 22, so that the cleaning scraper 41 is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, and then the cleaning scraper 41 and the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 are always in a separated state during the extraction process, and when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is stopped to be delivered into the pressure cavity 34 after the extraction is completed, the outside end of the piston 45 is no longer subjected to the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, at this time the piston 45 slides to the outside end of the telescopic slide 44 under the elastic force of the pressure spring 46 and resets, and drives the cleaning scraper 41 to move and reset and tightly adhere to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, so that the cleaning scraper 41 can scrape and clean the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 during the rotation.

[0055] Further, the inside of the piston 45 is provided with a telescopic sliding hole 411, the inside of the telescopic sliding hole 411 is slidably installed with a hydraulic plug 412, the outside end of the hydraulic plug 412 is fixedly installed with a pin shaft 410 which can extend to the outside of the piston 45, the inner wall of the telescopic slide 44 is provided with a pin hole 413 which can be pinned with the pin shaft 410; the telescopic shaft 43 is provided with an air inlet nozzle 49, one end of the air inlet nozzle 49 communicates with the telescopic slide 44, the other end of the air inlet nozzle 49 communicates with the telescopic sliding hole 411; the outer ring of the pin shaft 410 is sleeved with a reset spring 414, one end of the reset spring 414 abuts against the hydraulic plug 412, the other end of the reset spring 414 abuts against the end wall of the telescopic sliding hole 411;

[0056] When the piston 45 slides to the inner end of the telescopic slide 44 and abuts against the limiting ring 415, the pin shaft 410 is just aligned with the pin hole 413, and at this time the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the telescopic slide 44 flows into the telescopic slide hole 411 through the air inlet 49, so that the hydraulic plug 412 in the telescopic slide hole 411 slides outward under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, thereby driving the pin shaft 410 to be inserted into the pin hole 413, so as to lock the piston 45 by the cooperation of the pin shaft 410 and the pin hole 413, thereby locking the telescopic shaft 43 and the cleaning scraper 41, preventing the cleaning scraper 41 from moving close to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 under the action of the rotating centrifugal force when the cleaning scraper 41 rotates subsequently, ensuring that the cleaning scraper 41 and the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1 are always in a separated state during the extraction process, and when the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is stopped from being delivered into the pressure cavity 34 after the extraction is completed, the hydraulic plug 412 is no longer subjected to the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid, and slides to the inner end of the telescopic slide hole 411 under the resetting elastic force of the resetting spring 414, so as to drive the pin shaft 410 to reset, and make the pin shaft 410 extracted from the pin hole 413, thereby releasing the locking of the piston 45, so that the piston 45 can slide to reset under the elastic force of the pressure spring 46.

[0057] The cleaning scraper 41 comprises a side wall scraper 4101 and a bottom wall scraper 4102, the side wall scraper 4101 is a vertical scraper, and the bottom wall scraper 4102 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the side wall scraper 4101 and is an arc-shaped scraper which is in line with the arc line of the bottom wall of the extraction kettle 1, so that the inner side wall and the bottom wall of the extraction kettle 1 are scraped and cleaned by the side wall scraper 4101 and the bottom wall scraper 4102 respectively, and the residue in the extraction kettle 1 is cleaned more thoroughly, preventing the residue of the raw material after extraction from remaining in the extraction kettle 1.

[0058] Example Five

[0059] Please refer to Figures 1-8 As shown in the figure, the embodiment discloses a ganoderma spore oil extraction process, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0060] Firstly, the broken wall pulverized ganoderma spore powder is delivered into the extraction kettle 1 through the raw material inlet 11, then the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is delivered into the pressure cavity 34 through the gas delivery channel, at this time the pneumatic telescopic assembly is in the pressure cavity 34 under the pressure action of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid to shrink inward, to drive the cleaning scraper 41 to move to the direction of the stirring blade 22, so that the cleaning scraper 41 is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, at the same time the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure cavity 34 is sprayed outward to the extraction kettle 1 through the gas distribution port 31 on one side of the stirring blade 22, then the stirring shaft 21 and the stirring blade 22 are driven to rotate in the extraction kettle 1 through the driving assembly, so that the broken wall pulverized ganoderma spore powder and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle 1 are fully mixed through the rotation of the stirring blade 22, at the same time the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is uniformly distributed in the extraction kettle 1 through the rotation of the stirring blade 22, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts the ganoderma spore oil from the broken wall pulverized ganoderma spore powder, and the ganoderma spore oil is discharged through the extraction liquid outlet 12, at the same time the gas delivery channel continuously delivers the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the extraction kettle 1 to continuously carry out the extraction process;

[0061] When the extraction is completed, the delivery of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the gas delivery channel is stopped, at this time the pneumatic telescopic assembly is reset to elongate without the action of the gas pressure, and drives the cleaning scraper 41 to move closely to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, while the driving assembly continues to work to make the stirring blade 22 drive the cleaning scraper 41 to rotate and move along the inside of the extraction kettle 1, so as to scrape off the broken wall pulverized ganoderma spore powder residues adhered to the inner wall of the extraction kettle 1, then the residue discharge port 13 is opened to discharge the residues scraped off, so that the extraction kettle 1 is restored to be clean.

[0062] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "example", "specific example" and the like means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are contained in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0063] The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are only used to help explain the invention. The preferred embodiments do not describe all the details and limit the invention to the specific embodiments described. Obviously, many modifications and changes can be made according to the content of the present specification. The present specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments in order to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, so that those skilled in the art can well understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. An extraction device comprising an extraction kettle and a stirring mechanism, characterized in that: The top of the extraction kettle is provided with a raw material inlet, the bottom of the extraction kettle is provided with an extract outlet and a slag discharge port, and the stirring mechanism includes a driving assembly and a stirring shaft. The stirring shaft is rotatably mounted inside the extraction kettle, and the outer ring of the stirring shaft is fixedly mounted with multiple groups of symmetrically distributed stirring blades from top to bottom. The driving assembly is fixedly mounted on the top of the extraction kettle and is in transmission connection with the stirring shaft. The stirring mechanism is provided with a gas distribution mechanism for conveying the extractant. The gas distribution mechanism includes a gas delivery channel and multiple pressure chambers. The gas delivery channel is provided inside the stirring shaft, and the multiple pressure chambers are respectively provided inside the multiple stirring blades. The gas delivery channel is connected to the multiple pressure chambers at the same time. One side of the stirring blade is provided with multiple gas distribution ports connected to the pressure chambers, and the gas distribution ports on the two symmetrically distributed stirring blades in the same group are arranged in opposite directions. The gas delivery channel includes an air inlet and an air inlet channel. The air inlet channel is arranged inside the stirring shaft. The air inlet is rotatably mounted on the top of the stirring shaft and is connected to one end of the air inlet channel. The stirring shaft is also provided with an air guide groove connected between the air inlet channel and the pressure chamber. The end of the stirring blade is equipped with a cleaning mechanism that can clean the inner wall of the extraction kettle and assist in discharging; The cleaning mechanism includes a cleaning scraper and a pneumatic telescopic assembly. The cleaning scraper is mounted on the end of the stirring blade via the pneumatic telescopic assembly, and one side of the cleaning scraper is in close contact with the inner wall of the extraction kettle. When the pressure chamber is filled with an extractant, the pneumatic telescopic assembly can retract inward under the action of the air pressure in the pressure chamber to drive the cleaning scraper to move toward the stirring blade, thereby separating the cleaning scraper from the inner wall of the extraction kettle. The pneumatic telescopic assembly can also reset and extend when not under the action of air pressure to drive the cleaning scraper to move in close contact with the inner wall of the extraction kettle. The pneumatic telescopic assembly includes a positioning plate fixedly mounted on the outer end of the stirring blade, and the interior of the positioning plate is provided with a plurality of telescopic slideways and an air inlet groove connected to the pressure chamber; A piston is fixedly installed inside the telescopic slide and is provided with a pin hole. A pressure spring is installed on the inner end of the telescopic slide to abut the inner side of the piston. A limit ring is fixedly installed on the inner wall of the telescopic slide and is located at the inner end of the piston. A telescopic shaft is fixedly installed on the outer end of the piston, one end of which extends to the outside of the positioning plate and is fixedly connected to one side of the cleaning scraper. An air inlet nozzle is provided on the telescopic shaft. A telescopic sliding hole is provided inside the piston, and both ends of the air inlet nozzle are respectively connected to the telescopic slide and the telescopic sliding hole. One end of the air inlet groove is provided with an air inlet hole which is in communication with the outer end of the telescopic slideway; A hydraulic plug is installed in the internal sliding of the telescopic sliding hole, and a pin shaft that can extend to the outside of the piston is fixedly installed on the outer end of the hydraulic plug, and the pin shaft can be pin-connected with the pin hole; a return spring is installed on the outer ring of the pin shaft, and the two ends of the return spring respectively abut against the hydraulic plug and the end wall of the telescopic sliding hole.

2. An extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving assembly includes a motor frame and a driven bevel gear. The motor frame is fixedly installed on the top of the extraction kettle. The stirring motor is fixedly installed on the top of the motor frame. The driving bevel gear is fixedly installed on the output shaft at the bottom of the stirring motor. The upper end of the stirring shaft extends to one side below the stirring motor, and the driven bevel gear is fixedly installed on the top of the stirring shaft. The inside of the motor frame is also rotatably installed with a transmission bevel gear that is meshed and connected between the driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear.

3. The extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of fixed sleeves are fixedly installed on the stirring shaft from top to bottom, the outer ring of the fixed sleeve is fixedly installed with symmetrically distributed stirring blades, and a reinforcing rib plate is fixedly installed on the side of the stirring blade opposite to the air distribution port.

4. The extraction device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning scraper includes a side wall scraper and a bottom wall scraper. The side wall scraper is a vertical scraper. The bottom wall scraper is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the side wall scraper, and the bottom wall scraper is an arc scraper that matches the arc line of the bottom wall of the extraction kettle.

5. A process for extracting Ganoderma lucidum spore oil, using the extraction device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: First, the broken and crushed Ganoderma lucidum spore powder is transported into the extraction kettle through the raw material inlet, and then the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is transported into the pressure chamber through the gas delivery channel. At this time, the pneumatic telescopic component contracts inwardly under the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber to drive the cleaning scraper to move toward the stirring blade, so that the cleaning scraper is separated from the inner wall of the extraction kettle. At the same time, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the pressure chamber is sprayed outward into the extraction kettle through the air distribution port on one side of the stirring blade. The stirring shaft and the stirring blade are then driven by the driving component to rotate in the extraction kettle, so that the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder and the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid in the extraction kettle are fully mixed through the rotation and stirring of the stirring blade. At the same time, the stirring blade evenly distributes the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid fed into the extraction kettle through rotation, so that the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extracts Ganoderma lucidum spore oil from the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder, and the Ganoderma lucidum spore oil is discharged through the extract outlet. At the same time, the gas delivery channel continuously transports supercritical carbon dioxide fluid into the extraction kettle to continue the extraction process; When the extraction is completed, the supercritical carbon dioxide fluid is stopped from being transported into the gas delivery channel. At this time, the pneumatic telescopic component is not affected by the air pressure and is reset to extend, and drives the cleaning scraper to move close to the inner wall of the extraction kettle, while the driving component continues to work, so that the stirring blade drives the cleaning scraper to rotate along the inside of the extraction kettle, scraping off the Ganoderma lucidum spore powder residue adhering to the inner wall of the extraction kettle, and then the slag discharge port is opened to scrape and discharge the residue, so that the extraction kettle is restored to cleanliness.

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