A forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of forest gap monitoring, and is used to achieve accurate monitoring, dynamic change tracking and ecological impact assessment, and in particular to a remote sensing-based forest gap monitoring method; the present invention performs analysis from two points of remote sensing image acquisition and processing to ensure the availability of remote sensing images and the reliability of remote sensing image processing quality, and based on the premise that remote sensing image acquisition and processing are qualified, analyzes from two points of forest gap change trend and forest gap ecological impact by means of information feedback, that is, performs forest gap change supervision and assessment operations on forest gap data to understand the trend of changes in the number of forest gaps and the trend of changes in the area of ​​forest gaps in a target forest area, and then performs rational management based on the predicted change trend, and performs ecological impact supervision and assessment analysis on forest gap impact data, so as to intuitively understand the impact of forest gaps in a target forest area on regional ecology, which is helpful to provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of forest gap monitoring, and in particular to a forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing. Background Art

[0002] Forest gaps are gaps in the forest canopy caused by natural or human interference. They are widely present in forest ecosystems. The formation and changes of forest gaps have important impacts on forest biodiversity, community succession and ecological functions. Currently, the monitoring of forest gaps mainly relies on ground surveys and drone monitoring, but these methods have limited coverage and are difficult to monitor large areas of forest efficiently. Remote sensing technology, as a large-scale, low-cost ecological monitoring method, has advantages in time and space and can achieve rapid and accurate monitoring of large-scale forest gaps.

[0003] However, in the existing remote sensing monitoring technology, it is impossible to supervise and analyze the quality of remote sensing image acquisition and processing, which leads to interference of remote sensing image acquisition and processing quality on subsequent analysis, reducing the accuracy of remote sensing monitoring and analysis results, and it is impossible to supervise the trend of forest gap quantity and area change, which is not conducive to providing data support for subsequent forest gap management, and at the same time reduces the reliability of forest management and ecological protection;

[0004] In view of the above technical defects, a solution is now proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing to solve the technical defects mentioned above. The present invention ensures the availability of remote sensing images and the reliability of remote sensing image processing quality by analyzing from two points of remote sensing image acquisition and processing. Based on the premise that remote sensing image acquisition and processing are qualified, the present invention analyzes from two points of forest gap change trend and forest gap ecological impact through information feedback, that is, forest gap change supervision and evaluation operations are performed on forest gap data to understand the trend of changes in the number of forest gaps and the trend of changes in the area of ​​forest gaps in the target forest area, and then rational management is carried out according to the predicted change trend, and ecological impact supervision and evaluation analysis is performed on the forest gap impact data, so as to intuitively understand the impact of forest gaps in the target forest area on the regional ecology, which is helpful to provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection.

[0006] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solution: A forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Collect remote sensing image data and image processing data of the target forest area, and substitute them into step 2 for remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis and into step 3 for image processing quality assessment and analysis;

[0008] Step 2: Conduct remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis on remote sensing image data by means of information feedback, and compare and analyze the obtained acquisition reliability index. If a feedback instruction is obtained, further compare and analyze the obtained transmission evaluation index. If an available instruction is obtained, proceed to step 3. If a repair instruction is obtained, feedback is given to early warning management.

[0009] Step 3: Based on the available instructions, image processing quality assessment and analysis are performed on the image processing data, and the obtained processing assessment value and reliability assessment index are compared and analyzed. If a qualified instruction is obtained, step 4 and step 5 are entered. If an alarm instruction is obtained, feedback is given to the early warning management.

[0010] Step 4: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap data of the target forest area, and conduct forest gap change supervision and assessment operations on the forest gap data, compare and analyze the obtained forest gap assessment coefficients to obtain descending instructions and ascending instructions, and compare and analyze the obtained forest gap trend indexes to obtain contraction instructions and expansion instructions;

[0011] Step 5: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap impact data of the target forest area, conduct ecological impact supervision assessment analysis on the forest gap impact data, compare and analyze the obtained ecological impact assessment coefficient S, and immediately display the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value.

[0012] Preferably, the remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis process is as follows:

[0013] Set a monitoring period, obtain remote sensing image data of the target forest area within the monitoring period, the remote sensing image data includes a collection reliability index and a transmission evaluation index, the collection reliability index indicates the number of values ​​corresponding to the evaluation index that meet the preset range, the evaluation index includes spatial resolution, temporal resolution, spectral resolution and radiation resolution, and compare and analyze the collection reliability index with the preset collection reliability index threshold, if the collection reliability index is greater than or equal to the preset collection reliability index threshold, generate a feedback instruction;

[0014] When generating a feedback instruction, the transmission evaluation index is compared and analyzed with the preset transmission evaluation index threshold. If the transmission evaluation index is equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, an available instruction is generated. If the transmission evaluation index is not equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, a repair instruction is generated.

[0015] The transmission evaluation index indicates the number of byte differences before and after the remote sensing image is transmitted.

[0016] Preferably, the image processing quality assessment and analysis process is as follows:

[0017] The image processing data of the target forest area within the monitoring period is obtained. The image processing data includes the processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index. The processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index are compared and analyzed with the preset processing evaluation value threshold and the preset reliability evaluation index threshold:

[0018] If the processing evaluation value is less than the preset processing evaluation value threshold, and the reliability evaluation index is greater than or equal to the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, a qualified instruction is generated;

[0019] If the processing evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset processing evaluation value threshold, or the reliability evaluation index is less than the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, an alarm instruction is generated.

[0020] Preferably, the processing evaluation value represents the difference between the actual surface reflectivity and the preset reflectivity after remote sensing image preprocessing, and the preprocessing includes atmospheric correction and radiation correction; the reliability evaluation index represents the picture quality index after remote sensing image preprocessing, and the picture quality index represents the product value obtained by multiplying the picture clarity and picture resolution after data normalization processing.

[0021] Preferably, the forest gap change supervision and assessment operation process is as follows:

[0022] The area with forest gaps is obtained from the remote sensing image data, and the area with forest gaps in the remote sensing image data is set as the forest gap area, the monitoring period is divided into i sub-time nodes, i is a natural number greater than zero, and the forest gap data of each forest gap area in each sub-time node is obtained, and the forest gap data represents the total area of ​​forest gaps and the total number of forest gap areas;

[0023] The total number of forest gap areas in each sub-time node is obtained and set as the forest gap change index. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the forest gap change index as the Y-axis. The forest gap change index curve is drawn by plotting points, and the change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is obtained. The change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is set as the forest gap evaluation coefficient, and the forest gap evaluation coefficient is compared and analyzed with the preset forest gap evaluation coefficient threshold:

[0024] If the ratio between the forest gap assessment coefficient and the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is less than 1, a descending instruction is generated;

[0025] If the ratio of the forest gap assessment coefficient to the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is greater than or equal to 1, an ascending instruction is generated.

[0026] Preferably, the total area of ​​the forest windows in the forest window area of ​​the target forest area in each sub-time node is obtained, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the total area of ​​the forest windows as the Y-axis, a total area curve of the forest windows is drawn by plotting points, and then a change trend value of the total area curve of the forest windows is obtained, and the change trend value of the total area curve of the forest windows is set as the forest window trend index;

[0027] The forest gap trend index is compared and analyzed with the preset forest gap trend index threshold. If the forest gap trend index is greater than or equal to the preset forest gap trend index threshold, an expansion instruction is generated. If the forest gap trend index is less than the preset forest gap trend index threshold, the corresponding forest gap area is set as a contraction instruction.

[0028] Preferably, the ecological impact regulatory assessment analysis process is as follows:

[0029] Obtain the forest gap impact data of the target forest area within the monitoring period. The forest gap impact data includes the forest gap area and the forest gap water evaporation. Then, the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is obtained, and the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is set as the forest gap interference area. At the same time, the forest gap water evaporation of each forest gap area is obtained in real time, and the sum of the forest gap water evaporation is set as the evaporation impact index. The forest gap interference area and the evaporation impact index are labeled CG and ZG respectively.

[0030] Substitute the gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG into the formula The ecological impact assessment coefficient is obtained, where a1 and a2 are the preset proportional factor coefficients of the forest gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG, respectively, a3 is the preset fault tolerance factor coefficient, a1, a2 and a3 are all greater than zero, and S is the ecological impact assessment coefficient.

[0031] Preferably, the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is compared and analyzed with a preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range:

[0032] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is greater than the maximum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a first-level impact;

[0033] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S falls within the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a secondary impact;

[0034] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is less than the minimum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a third-level impact, and the first-level impact, second-level impact and third-level impact are set as the ecological impact index ST, ST=1, 2, 3;

[0035] A rectangular coordinate system is established with time as the X-axis and the real-time ecological impact index ST as the Y-axis. The ecological impact index curve is drawn by plotting points, and the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value are immediately displayed.

[0036] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0037] (1) The present invention ensures the availability of remote sensing images and the reliability of remote sensing image processing quality by analyzing remote sensing image acquisition and processing. That is, remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis of remote sensing image data helps to improve the effectiveness of subsequent analysis data, while image processing quality assessment and analysis of image processing data helps to eliminate the influence caused by sensors and atmospheric conditions, thereby ensuring the consistency and accuracy of remote sensing image data.

[0038] (2) Based on the premise that remote sensing image acquisition and processing are qualified, the present invention analyzes the forest gap change trend and the forest gap ecological impact through information feedback. That is, the forest gap change supervision and evaluation operation is performed on the forest gap data to understand the change trend of the number of forest gaps and the change trend of the forest gap area in the target forest area, and then rational management is carried out according to the predicted change trend. The ecological impact supervision and evaluation analysis is performed on the forest gap impact data so as to intuitively understand the impact of forest gaps in the target forest area on the regional ecology, which helps to provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0039] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings;

[0040] Figure 1 It is a reference diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Embodiment 1:

[0042] See also Figure 1 As shown, the present invention is a forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing, comprising the following steps:

[0043] Step 1: Collect remote sensing image data and image processing data of the target forest area, and substitute them into step 2 for remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis and into step 3 for image processing quality assessment and analysis;

[0044] Step 2: Conduct remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis on remote sensing image data by means of information feedback, and compare and analyze the obtained acquisition reliability index. If a feedback instruction is obtained, further compare and analyze the obtained transmission evaluation index. If an available instruction is obtained, proceed to step 3. If a repair instruction is obtained, feedback is given to early warning management.

[0045] Step 3: Based on the available instructions, image processing quality assessment and analysis are performed on the image processing data, and the obtained processing assessment value and reliability assessment index are compared and analyzed. If a qualified instruction is obtained, step 4 and step 5 are entered. If an alarm instruction is obtained, feedback is given to the early warning management.

[0046] Step 4: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap data of the target forest area, and conduct forest gap change supervision and assessment operations on the forest gap data, compare and analyze the obtained forest gap assessment coefficients to obtain descending instructions and ascending instructions, and compare and analyze the obtained forest gap trend indexes to obtain contraction instructions and expansion instructions;

[0047] Step 5: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap impact data of the target forest area, conduct ecological impact supervision assessment and analysis on the forest gap impact data, compare and analyze the obtained ecological impact assessment coefficient S, and immediately display the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value;

[0048] In the embodiment of the present invention, remote sensing image data is collected: multi-temporal, multi-spectral, high-resolution remote sensing image data is obtained using a satellite remote sensing platform or an aerial remote sensing platform, and the obtained remote sensing image data is analyzed to determine whether the remote sensing image data is available, so as to ensure the accuracy of subsequent analysis results. The specific remote sensing acquisition availability evaluation analysis process is as follows:

[0049] A monitoring period is set to obtain remote sensing image data of the target forest area within the monitoring period. The remote sensing image data includes an acquisition reliability index and a transmission evaluation index. The acquisition reliability index indicates the number of values ​​corresponding to the evaluation index that meet the preset range. The evaluation index includes spatial resolution, temporal resolution, spectral resolution, and radiation resolution, etc. The acquisition reliability index is compared and analyzed with a preset acquisition reliability index threshold. If the acquisition reliability index is greater than or equal to the preset acquisition reliability index threshold, a feedback instruction is generated. When the feedback instruction is generated, the transmission evaluation index is compared and analyzed with the preset transmission evaluation index threshold. If the transmission evaluation index is equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, an available instruction is generated. If the transmission evaluation index is not equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, a repair instruction is generated, and a preset warning operation corresponding to the repair instruction is performed, so as to repair the remote sensing image according to the information feedback to ensure the availability and integrity of the remote sensing image.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present invention, the transmission evaluation index represents the number of byte differences before and after the remote sensing image is transmitted. It should be noted that the larger the value of the transmission evaluation index is, the greater the remote sensing image availability risk is.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present invention, based on the available instructions, image processing data is evaluated and analyzed for image processing quality, thereby helping to eliminate the influence caused by sensors and atmospheric conditions and ensure the consistency and accuracy of remote sensing image data. The specific image processing quality evaluation and analysis process is as follows:

[0052] The image processing data of the target forest area within the monitoring period is obtained. The image processing data includes the processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index. The processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index are compared and analyzed with the preset processing evaluation value threshold and the preset reliability evaluation index threshold:

[0053] If the processing evaluation value is less than the preset processing evaluation value threshold, and the reliability evaluation index is greater than or equal to the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, a qualified instruction is generated;

[0054] If the processing evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset processing evaluation value threshold, or the reliability evaluation index is less than the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, an alarm instruction is generated, and a preset early warning operation corresponding to the alarm instruction is performed, so as to adjust the remote sensing image preprocessing process according to the information feedback to ensure the remote sensing image preprocessing effect and the reliability of remote sensing image preprocessing;

[0055] In the embodiment of the present invention, the processing evaluation value represents the difference between the actual reflectivity of the surface after the remote sensing image is preprocessed and the preset reflectivity. The preprocessing includes atmospheric correction, radiation correction, etc. It should be noted that the larger the value of the processing evaluation value, the greater the quality risk of the remote sensing image preprocessing;

[0056] In the embodiment of the present invention, the reliability assessment index represents the image quality index after remote sensing image preprocessing, and the image quality index represents the product value obtained by multiplying the image clarity and image resolution after data normalization processing. It should be noted that the larger the value of the reliability assessment index is, the smaller the quality risk of remote sensing image preprocessing is. Embodiment 2:

[0057] In the embodiment of the present invention, when a qualified instruction is generated, a forest gap change supervision and evaluation operation is performed on the forest gap data to understand the change trend of the number of forest gap areas and the change trend of the forest gap area in the target forest area, so as to provide a data basis for subsequent management. The specific forest gap change supervision and evaluation operation process is as follows:

[0058] The area with forest gaps is obtained from the remote sensing image data, and the area with forest gaps in the remote sensing image data is set as the forest gap area, the monitoring period is divided into i sub-time nodes, i is a natural number greater than zero, and the forest gap data of each forest gap area in each sub-time node is obtained, and the forest gap data represents the total area of ​​forest gaps and the total number of forest gap areas;

[0059] The total number of forest gap areas in each sub-time node is obtained and set as the forest gap change index. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the forest gap change index as the Y-axis. The forest gap change index curve is drawn by plotting points, and the change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is obtained. The change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is set as the forest gap evaluation coefficient, and the forest gap evaluation coefficient is compared and analyzed with the preset forest gap evaluation coefficient threshold:

[0060] If the ratio between the forest gap assessment coefficient and the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is less than 1, a descending instruction is generated;

[0061] If the ratio between the forest gap assessment coefficient and the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is greater than or equal to 1, an ascending instruction is generated, and the preset warning operations corresponding to the descending instruction and the ascending instruction are immediately made, so as to intuitively understand the trend of the number of forest gap areas in the target forest area;

[0062] At the same time, the total area of ​​the forest gaps in the target forest area in each sub-time node is obtained, and a rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the total area of ​​the forest gaps as the Y-axis. The total area curve of the forest gaps is drawn by plotting points, and then the change trend value of the total area curve of the forest gaps is obtained, and the change trend value of the total area curve of the forest gaps is set as the forest gap trend index;

[0063] Compare and analyze the forest window trend index with the preset forest window trend index threshold. If the forest window trend index is greater than or equal to the preset forest window trend index threshold, an expansion instruction is generated. If the forest window trend index is less than the preset forest window trend index threshold, the corresponding forest window area is set as a contraction instruction, and the preset warning operations corresponding to the contraction instruction and the expansion instruction are immediately made, so as to intuitively understand the change trend of the forest window area in the target forest area, so as to provide data basis for subsequent management;

[0064] In the embodiment of the present invention, when a qualified instruction is generated, forest gap impact data of the target forest area is immediately collected, and ecological impact supervision assessment and analysis is performed on the forest gap impact data to understand the impact of forest gaps on the ecology, and provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection. The specific ecological impact supervision assessment and analysis process is as follows:

[0065] Obtain the forest gap impact data of the target forest area within the monitoring period. The forest gap impact data includes the forest gap area and the forest gap water evaporation. Then, the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is obtained, and the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is set as the forest gap interference area. At the same time, the forest gap water evaporation of each forest gap area is obtained in real time, and the sum of the forest gap water evaporation is set as the evaporation impact index. The forest gap interference area and the evaporation impact index are labeled CG and ZG respectively.

[0066] Substitute the gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG into the formula The ecological impact assessment coefficient is obtained, where a1 and a2 are the preset proportional factor coefficients of the forest gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG, respectively. The proportional factor coefficient is used to correct the deviation of various parameters in the formula calculation process, so as to make the calculation result more accurate. a3 is the preset fault tolerance factor coefficient. a1, a2 and a3 are all greater than zero. S is the ecological impact assessment coefficient. The ecological impact assessment coefficient S is compared and analyzed with the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range:

[0067] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is greater than the maximum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a first-level impact;

[0068] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S falls within the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a secondary impact;

[0069] If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is less than the minimum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a third-level impact, where the ecological impact degrees corresponding to the first-level impact, the second-level impact and the third-level impact are successively reduced, and the first-level impact, the second-level impact and the third-level impact are set as the ecological impact index ST, ST=1, 2, 3, that is, the ecological impact index ST=1 indicates a first-level impact, the ecological impact index ST=2 indicates a second-level impact, and the ecological impact index ST=3 indicates a third-level impact;

[0070] A rectangular coordinate system is established with time as the X-axis and the real-time ecological impact index ST as the Y-axis. The ecological impact index curve is drawn by plotting points, and then the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value are immediately displayed, so as to intuitively understand the impact of forest gaps in the target forest area on the regional ecology, and provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection;

[0071] In summary, the present invention ensures the availability of remote sensing images and the reliability of remote sensing image processing quality by analyzing from two points of remote sensing image acquisition and processing, that is, remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis is performed on remote sensing image data, which helps to improve the effectiveness of subsequent analysis data, and image processing quality assessment and analysis is performed on image processing data, which helps to eliminate the influence of sensors and atmospheric conditions and ensure the consistency and accuracy of remote sensing image data. Based on the premise that remote sensing image acquisition and processing are qualified, information feedback is used to analyze from two points of forest window change trend and forest window ecological impact, that is, forest window change supervision and assessment operation is performed on forest window data to understand the change trend of the number of forest window areas and the change trend of the forest window area in the target forest area, and then rational management is carried out according to the predicted change trend, and ecological impact supervision and assessment analysis is performed on forest window impact data, so as to intuitively understand the impact of forest windows in the target forest area on the regional ecology, which helps to provide a scientific basis for forest management and ecological protection.

[0072] The threshold is set to facilitate comparison. The size of the threshold depends on the amount of sample data and the number of bases set by technicians in this field for each group of sample data; as long as it does not affect the proportional relationship between the parameter and the quantized value.

[0073] The above formulas are obtained by collecting a large amount of data for software simulation and selecting a formula that is close to the actual value. The coefficients in the formula are set by technical personnel in this field according to actual conditions. The above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this. Any technical personnel familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, according to the technical solution and the inventive concept of the present invention, make equivalent replacement or change, which should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A forest gap monitoring method based on remote sensing, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Collect remote sensing image data and image processing data of the target forest area, and substitute them into step 2 for remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis and into step 3 for image processing quality assessment and analysis; Step 2: Conduct remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis on remote sensing image data by means of information feedback, and compare and analyze the obtained acquisition reliability index. If a feedback instruction is obtained, further compare and analyze the obtained transmission evaluation index. If an available instruction is obtained, proceed to step 3. If a repair instruction is obtained, feedback is given to early warning management. Step 3: Based on the available instructions, image processing quality assessment and analysis are performed on the image processing data, and the obtained processing assessment value and reliability assessment index are compared and analyzed. If a qualified instruction is obtained, step 4 and step 5 are entered. If an alarm instruction is obtained, feedback is given to the early warning management. Step 4: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap data of the target forest area, and conduct forest gap change supervision and assessment operations on the forest gap data, compare and analyze the obtained forest gap assessment coefficients to obtain descending instructions and ascending instructions, and compare and analyze the obtained forest gap trend indexes to obtain contraction instructions and expansion instructions; Step 5: Based on the premise of qualified instructions, collect forest gap impact data of the target forest area, conduct ecological impact supervision assessment and analysis on the forest gap impact data, compare and analyze the obtained ecological impact assessment coefficient S, and immediately display the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value; The remote sensing acquisition availability assessment and analysis process is as follows: Set a monitoring period, obtain remote sensing image data of the target forest area within the monitoring period, the remote sensing image data includes a collection reliability index and a transmission evaluation index, the collection reliability index indicates the number of values ​​corresponding to the evaluation index that meet the preset range, the evaluation index includes spatial resolution, temporal resolution, spectral resolution and radiation resolution, and compare and analyze the collection reliability index with the preset collection reliability index threshold, if the collection reliability index is greater than or equal to the preset collection reliability index threshold, generate a feedback instruction; When generating a feedback instruction, the transmission evaluation index is compared and analyzed with the preset transmission evaluation index threshold. If the transmission evaluation index is equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, an available instruction is generated. If the transmission evaluation index is not equal to the preset transmission evaluation index threshold, a repair instruction is generated. The transmission evaluation index represents the number of byte differences before and after the remote sensing image is transmitted; The image processing quality assessment and analysis process is as follows: The image processing data of the target forest area within the monitoring period is obtained. The image processing data includes the processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index. The processing evaluation value and the reliability evaluation index are compared and analyzed with the preset processing evaluation value threshold and the preset reliability evaluation index threshold: If the processing evaluation value is less than the preset processing evaluation value threshold, and the reliability evaluation index is greater than or equal to the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, a qualified instruction is generated; If the processing evaluation value is greater than or equal to the preset processing evaluation value threshold, or the reliability evaluation index is less than the preset reliability evaluation index threshold, an alarm instruction is generated; The processing evaluation value represents the difference between the actual reflectivity of the surface after remote sensing image preprocessing and the preset reflectivity, and the preprocessing includes atmospheric correction and radiation correction; the reliability evaluation index represents the image quality index after remote sensing image preprocessing, and the image quality index represents the product value obtained by multiplying the image clarity and image resolution after data normalization processing; The operation process of forest gap change supervision and assessment is as follows: The area with forest gaps is obtained from the remote sensing image data, and the area with forest gaps in the remote sensing image data is set as the forest gap area, the monitoring period is divided into i sub-time nodes, i is a natural number greater than zero, and the forest gap data of each forest gap area in each sub-time node is obtained, and the forest gap data represents the total area of ​​forest gaps and the total number of forest gap areas; The total number of forest gap areas in each sub-time node is obtained and set as the forest gap change index. A rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the forest gap change index as the Y-axis. The forest gap change index curve is drawn by plotting points, and the change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is obtained. The change trend value of the forest gap change index curve is set as the forest gap evaluation coefficient, and the forest gap evaluation coefficient is compared and analyzed with the preset forest gap evaluation coefficient threshold: If the ratio between the forest gap assessment coefficient and the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is less than 1, a descending instruction is generated; If the ratio between the forest gap assessment coefficient and the preset forest gap assessment coefficient threshold is greater than or equal to 1, an ascending instruction is generated; The total area of ​​forest gaps in the target forest area in each sub-time node is obtained, a rectangular coordinate system is established with the number of sub-time nodes as the X-axis and the total area of ​​forest gaps as the Y-axis, a total area curve of forest gaps is drawn by plotting points, and then the change trend value of the total area curve of forest gaps is obtained, and the change trend value of the total area curve of forest gaps is set as the forest gap trend index; Compare and analyze the forest window trend index with the preset forest window trend index threshold. If the forest window trend index is greater than or equal to the preset forest window trend index threshold, an expansion instruction is generated. If the forest window trend index is less than the preset forest window trend index threshold, the corresponding forest window area is set as a contraction instruction. The ecological impact regulatory assessment analysis process is as follows: Obtain the forest gap impact data of the target forest area within the monitoring period. The forest gap impact data includes the forest gap area and the forest gap water evaporation. Then, the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is obtained, and the sum of the forest gap areas obtained in real time is set as the forest gap interference area. At the same time, the forest gap water evaporation of each forest gap area is obtained in real time, and the sum of the forest gap water evaporation is set as the evaporation impact index. The forest gap interference area and the evaporation impact index are labeled CG and ZG respectively. Substitute the gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG into the formula The ecological impact assessment coefficient is obtained, where a1 and a2 are the preset proportional factor coefficients of the forest gap interference area CG and the evaporation impact index ZG, respectively, a3 is the preset fault tolerance factor coefficient, a1, a2 and a3 are all greater than zero, and S is the ecological impact assessment coefficient; Compare and analyze the ecological impact assessment coefficient S with the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range: If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is greater than the maximum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a first-level impact; If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S falls within the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a secondary impact; If the ecological impact assessment coefficient S is less than the minimum value in the preset ecological impact assessment coefficient range, it is determined to be a third-level impact, and the first-level impact, second-level impact and third-level impact are set as the ecological impact index ST, ST = 1, 2, 3; A rectangular coordinate system is established with time as the X-axis and the real-time ecological impact index ST as the Y-axis. The ecological impact index curve is drawn by plotting points, and the ecological impact index curve and the corresponding ecological impact index ST value are immediately displayed.

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