Oil crop on-demand precision supplemental irrigation system and method

Abstract

The application discloses an oil crop on-demand precise supplemental irrigation system and method, the supplemental irrigation system comprises a sensor module, a cloud platform and a water and fertilizer machine; the sensor module is connected with the cloud platform and is used for detecting meteorological data and growth data of the oil crops; the cloud platform is connected with the sensor module and an action execution module, is used for making decisions according to the data detected by the sensor module and issuing instructions to the water and fertilizer machine; the water and fertilizer machine is connected with the cloud platform and is used for receiving the instructions and completing water and fertilizer integrated supplemental irrigation operation in cooperation with the cloud platform. The supplemental irrigation method is to establish a relative water content estimation model of different depths of soil in a regional plot, and to formulate a phased oil crop irrigation and fertilization scheme based on future crop evapotranspiration and rainfall. The application enables the oil crops to realize water and fertilizer regulation and control dynamically in the growth process by on-demand precise supplemental irrigation, and realizes efficient production of the oil crops.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of intelligent agriculture technology and relates to an on-demand precision irrigation system and method for oil crops, which enables dynamic water and fertilizer regulation of oil crops during their growth process by relying on on-demand precision irrigation. Background Technology

[0002] In the field management of oilseed crops such as soybeans and peanuts, problems such as asynchronous water and fertilizer supply and demand, and inaccurate water and fertilizer application decisions seriously affect the yield and quality of oilseed crops. Integrated water and fertilizer technologies such as drip irrigation under mulch provide reliable technical means to improve the quality and efficiency of oilseed crops. However, how to achieve dynamic regulation of water and fertilizer on demand during the growth process of oilseed crops remains a technical challenge.

[0003] A review of existing literature revealed that patent application number 201610594680.3, "A Method for On-Demand Irrigation of Crops," aims at water conservation and high yield. It implements precise water-saving irrigation through an on-demand irrigation model. However, the model does not consider the impact of future crop evapotranspiration on soil water storage, and it does not address how to plan topdressing during irrigation. Patent application number 201710148123.3, "An Intelligent Management System and Method for Integrated Water and Fertilizer Control in Fields Based on Multi-Source Information Fusion," comprehensively considers factors such as weather forecasts, cloud computing platforms, real-time meteorological data collection, and crop growth conditions. The paper makes corresponding irrigation and fertilization decisions. However, the weather forecast in the paper only considers the data for the next three days to make irrigation decisions, and does not involve the optimization of global water and fertilizer regulation during crop growth. The irrigation cloud in patent application number 202110299887.9, "A cloud computing method, cloud computing platform and irrigation terminal for irrigation decision-making based on maximizing rainfall utilization", is based on water balance calculation for maximizing rainfall utilization. The calculation process relies on data detected by soil moisture sensors that are pre-buried at a predetermined depth. However, relying solely on point measurement is difficult to accurately represent the soil moisture content between plots in a region, and it does not involve how to apply fertilizer while formulating irrigation strategies.

[0004] Therefore, in view of the problems existing in the current precision irrigation on demand for oil crops, there is an urgent need to invent a precision irrigation system and method for oil crops on demand, so that oil crops can dynamically regulate water and fertilizer through precision irrigation on demand during their growth process. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an on-demand precision irrigation system and method for oil crops, enabling dynamic water and fertilizer regulation during the growth process of oil crops through on-demand precision irrigation, thereby achieving high-efficiency production of oil crops.

[0006] An on-demand precision irrigation system for oilseed crops includes a sensor module, a cloud platform, and a water and fertilizer machine. The sensor module is connected to the cloud platform to detect meteorological and growth data of the oilseed crops. The cloud platform is connected to the sensor module and the action execution module to make decisions based on the data detected by the sensor module and send instructions to the water and fertilizer machine. The water and fertilizer machine is connected to the cloud platform to receive instructions and cooperate with the cloud platform to complete the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation operation.

[0007] The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, a wind speed sensor, a rainfall sensor, and an image sensor. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, wind speed sensor, and rainfall sensor are installed in the oilseed crop growing field to measure the temperature, humidity, light, wind speed, and rainfall information of the oilseed crop. The image sensor is installed in the oilseed crop field to collect images of the oilseed crop canopy and plant height.

[0008] The cloud platform includes a historical meteorological data module, a crop growth period data module, a future weather data module, and a data processing and decision-making module. The historical meteorological data module connects to the national meteorological station API interface to acquire historical meteorological data for oilseed crop planting areas. The crop growth period data module receives environmental parameters of oilseed crop growth, canopy height, and plant height collected by sensor modules. The future weather data module connects to the national meteorological station API interface to receive future meteorological data for oilseed crop planting areas. The data processing and decision-making module connects the historical meteorological data module, the crop growth period data module, and the future weather data module to formulate supplementary irrigation plans based on the data.

[0009] The method for precise supplemental irrigation of oilseed crops on demand includes the following steps:

[0010] (1) Determine the field water holding capacity θ of oilseed crop planting plots. fc Soil bulk density ρ water Calculate the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to crops at different stages based on soil nutrient composition at different depths and the target yield.

[0011] (2) Establish a model for estimating the relative soil moisture content at different depths in a regional plot:

[0012] ① Divide the underground soil of the area into n layers, with heights of h1, h2, ..., h1 respectively. n Multiple sampling points were selected in the middle area of ​​each layer to measure the soil moisture content using the drying method, and the average value was taken to represent the soil moisture content of that layer, corresponding to layer h1, h2, ..., h n The mass moisture content of the soil layers are θ m1 ,θ m2 ,...,θmn θ mc This refers to the mass moisture content of the soil when it reaches field capacity.

[0013] Soil moisture content θ in layer h1 m1 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m1 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1;

[0014] h1 layer soil is composed of θ m1 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m1 =(θ mc -θ m1 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1;

[0015] Soil moisture content θ in layer h2 m2 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m2 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2;

[0016] h2 layer soil is composed of θ m2 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m2 =(θ mc -θ m2 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2;

[0017] And so on,

[0018] h n High soil moisture content θ mn Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ mn ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ;

[0019] h n The soil layer consists of θ mn to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h mn =(θ mc -θ mn )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ;

[0020] ground The relative water content of the soil at depth is

[0021]

[0022] ②Assume the daily irrigation volume is h irrigation Rainfall amount is h rain-j Crop evapotranspiration is ET0;

[0023] ET0 = kf(T,H,L,V), where T, H, L, and V are temperature, humidity, light intensity, and wind speed, respectively, and k is a proportionality coefficient;

[0024] Then the cumulative equivalent irrigation height on day t

[0025] when hour,

[0026]

[0027] when hour,

[0028]

[0029] when hour,

[0030]

[0031] And so on,

[0032] when hour,

[0033]

[0034] when hour,

[0035]

[0036] Once the soil moisture content of the first layer reaches saturation, the excess water seeps into the deeper soil layers.

[0037] (3) Based on the detected oilseed crop canopy image and plant height, determine the growth stage of the oilseed crop. Assume that the growth of the oilseed crop is divided into p stages, where 2 < p ≤ n;

[0038] Assume Δh rain-pre ET 0-pre This is based on future daily rainfall and crop evapotranspiration.

[0039] Among them, ET 0-pre =k1f(T), where k1 is the proportionality coefficient for predicted crop evapotranspiration, and Δh rain-pre =k2Δh rain k2 represents the predicted probability of future rainfall, and Δh rain This refers to the rainfall amount in the weather forecast;

[0040] Then the equivalent irrigation height on day tt in the future

[0041]

[0042] Minimum relative soil moisture content θ to ensure oilseed crop growth min Suitable soil relative moisture content lower limit θ shiyi_min Suitable upper limit of relative soil moisture content θ shiyi_max θ min <θ shiyi_min <θ shiyi_max ;

[0043] ①Assuming the first stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0044] Assume that only irrigation and no fertilization are applied during this stage;

[0045] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation1 Satisfying the following formula

[0046]

[0047] if No irrigation this time;

[0048] ②Assuming the second stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0049] Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer applied is large, if in If supplemental irrigation and topdressing are insufficient to completely apply the fertilizer for this stage, then consider... Apply fertilizer as needed to ensure that all fertilizer is applied to the soil during this stage;

[0050] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation2 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions.

[0051]

[0052] Assume the total amount of fertilizer to be applied in this stage is Q. If fertilizer amount Q1 is applied, then (Q-Q1) gram of fertilizer remains unapplied.

[0053] exist At that time, the fertilizer amount (Q-Q1) is applied to the soil in r portions with water, assuming that the relative soil moisture content corresponding to each application is θ. r, and θ r ≥θ min The corresponding water level for each irrigation is h. r The concentration of fertilizer for each supplemental irrigation is kJ. r Satisfying the following formula

[0054]

[0055] ③ And so on, assuming the p-th stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0056] Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer is small, the fertilizer will be used in... Timely irrigation and topdressing are necessary, and all fertilizers should be applied to the soil during this stage.

[0057] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation3 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions.

[0058]

[0059] if No irrigation this time;

[0060] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0061] (1) The method of precise supplemental irrigation for oil crops according to demand in this invention solves the problem that a single monitoring point is difficult to represent the soil moisture content of a regional plot by using real-time monitored meteorological data and combined with data from each irrigation session, and relies on an established model for estimating the relative soil moisture content at different depths of regional plots. This improves the accuracy of irrigation decisions based on the relative soil moisture content of regional plots.

[0062] (2) The present invention provides a method for precise supplemental irrigation of oil crops on demand. It integrates weather forecasts and historical meteorological data to dynamically formulate irrigation and fertilization plans for the future growth process of oil crops. The irrigation and fertilization plans are revised based on real-time monitored meteorological data to optimize the irrigation and fertilization strategies for the growth process of oil crops, improve the level of digital management of water and fertilizer for oil crops, reduce energy consumption and increase production capacity.

[0063] (3) The method of precise supplemental irrigation for oil crops based on demand in this invention is based on the overall growth process of oil crops, and coordinates the overall process. It takes the maximum utilization of rainfall as the main method, supplemented by irrigation, and takes fertilization into account. It optimizes the irrigation and fertilization strategy. During the peak period of fertilizer demand of oil crops, it predicts the time and amount of topdressing during supplemental irrigation, effectively avoiding the waste of fertilizer caused by early topdressing due to the infiltration of rainwater into deeper soil layers under the influence of severe weather such as rainstorms. At the same time, it reduces the impact of the lack of timely and effective replenishment of fertilizer in the soil around the roots on the normal growth of oil crops. Attached Figure Description

[0064] The accompanying drawings are provided to further illustrate the invention and form part of the specification. They are used together with the embodiments of the invention to explain the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof. In the drawings:

[0065] Fig. 1 Irrigation and Fertilization Flowchart

[0066] Fig. 2 Soil moisture content plane sampling points

[0067] Fig. 3 Vertical sampling points for soil moisture content

[0068] Fig. 4 Soil relative moisture content estimation Detailed Implementation

[0069] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Figs. 1 to 4 As shown, the oilseed crop on-demand precision irrigation system includes a sensor module, a cloud platform, and a water and fertilizer machine. The sensor module is connected to the cloud platform and is used to detect meteorological and growth data of the oilseed crop. The cloud platform is connected to the sensor module and the action execution module, and is used to make decisions based on the data detected by the sensor module and send instructions to the water and fertilizer machine. The water and fertilizer machine is connected to the cloud platform and is used to receive instructions and cooperate with the cloud platform to complete the integrated water and fertilizer irrigation operation.

[0070] The sensor module includes a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, a light sensor, a wind speed sensor, a rainfall sensor, and an image sensor. The temperature sensor, humidity sensor, light sensor, wind speed sensor, and rainfall sensor are installed in the oilseed crop growing field to measure the temperature, humidity, light, wind speed, and rainfall information of the oilseed crop. The image sensor is installed in the oilseed crop field to collect images of the oilseed crop canopy and plant height.

[0071] The cloud platform includes a historical meteorological data module, a crop growth period data module, a future weather data module, and a data processing and decision-making module. The historical meteorological data module connects to the national meteorological station API interface to acquire historical meteorological data for oilseed crop planting areas. The crop growth period data module receives environmental parameters of oilseed crop growth, canopy height, and plant height collected by sensor modules. The future weather data module connects to the national meteorological station API interface to receive future meteorological data for oilseed crop planting areas. The data processing and decision-making module connects the historical meteorological data module, the crop growth period data module, and the future weather data module to formulate supplementary irrigation plans based on the data.

[0072] The method based on the on-demand precision irrigation system for oilseed crops follows these steps:

[0073] (1) Determine the field water holding capacity θ of oilseed crop planting plots. fc Soil bulk density ρ soil Calculate the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to crops at different stages based on soil nutrient composition at different depths and the target yield.

[0074] (2) Establish a model for estimating the relative soil moisture content at different depths in a regional plot:

[0075] ① Divide the underground soil of the area into n layers, with heights of h1, h2, ..., h1 respectively. n Multiple sampling points were selected in the middle area of ​​each layer to measure the soil moisture content using the drying method, and the average value was taken to represent the soil moisture content of that layer, corresponding to layer h1, h2, ..., h n The mass moisture content of the soil layers are θ m1 ,θ m2 ,...,θ mn θ mc This refers to the mass moisture content of the soil when it reaches field capacity.

[0076] Soil moisture content θ in layer h1 m1 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m1 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1;

[0077] h1 layer soil is composed of θ m1 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m1 =(θ mc -θ m1 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1;

[0078] Soil moisture content θ in layer h2 m2 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m2 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2;

[0079] h2 layer soil is composed of θ m2 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m2 =(θ mc -θ m2 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2;

[0080] And so on,

[0081] hn High soil moisture content θ mn Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ mn ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ;

[0082] h n The soil layer consists of θ mn to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h mn =(θ mc -θ mn )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ;

[0083] ground The relative water content of the soil at depth is

[0084]

[0085] ②Assume the daily irrigation volume is h irrigation Rainfall amount is h rain-j Crop evapotranspiration is ET0;

[0086] ET0 = kf(T,H,L,V), where T, H, L, and V are temperature, humidity, light intensity, and wind speed, respectively, and k is a proportionality coefficient;

[0087] Then the cumulative equivalent irrigation height on day t

[0088] when hour,

[0089]

[0090] when hour,

[0091]

[0092] when hour,

[0093]

[0094] And so on,

[0095] when hour,

[0096]

[0097] when hour,

[0098]

[0099] Once the soil moisture content of the first layer reaches saturation, the excess water seeps into the deeper soil layers.

[0100] (3) Based on the detected oilseed crop canopy image and plant height, determine the growth stage of the oilseed crop. Assume that the growth of the oilseed crop is divided into p stages, where 2 < p ≤ n;

[0101] Assume Δh rain-pre ET 0-pre This is based on future daily rainfall and crop evapotranspiration.

[0102] Among them, ET 0-pre =k1f(T), where k1 is the proportionality coefficient for predicted crop evapotranspiration, and Δh rain-pre =k2Δh rain k2 represents the predicted probability of future rainfall, and Δh rain This refers to the rainfall amount in the weather forecast;

[0103] Then the equivalent irrigation height on day tt in the future

[0104]

[0105] Minimum relative soil moisture content θ to ensure oilseed crop growth min Suitable soil relative moisture content lower limit θ shiyi_min Suitable upper limit of relative soil moisture content θ shiyi_max θ min <θ shiyi_min <θ shiyi_max ;

[0106] ①Assuming the first stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0107] Assume that only irrigation and no fertilization are applied during this stage;

[0108] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation1 Satisfying the following formula

[0109]

[0110] if No irrigation this time;

[0111] ②Assuming the second stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0112] Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer applied is large, if in If supplemental irrigation and topdressing are insufficient to completely apply the fertilizer for this stage, then consider... Apply fertilizer as needed to ensure that all fertilizer is applied to the soil during this stage;

[0113] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation2 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions.

[0114]

[0115] Assume the total amount of fertilizer to be applied in this stage is Q. If fertilizer amount Q1 is applied, then (Q-Q1) gram of fertilizer remains unapplied.

[0116] exist At that time, the fertilizer amount (Q-Q1) is applied to the soil in r portions with water, assuming that the relative soil moisture content corresponding to each application is θ. r , and θ r ≥θ min The corresponding water level for each irrigation is h. r The concentration of fertilizer for each supplemental irrigation is kJ. r Satisfying the following formula

[0117]

[0118] ③ And so on, assuming the p-th stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil

[0119]

[0120] Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer is small, the fertilizer will be used in... Timely irrigation and topdressing are necessary, and all fertilizers should be applied to the soil during this stage.

[0121] if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation3 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions.

[0122]

[0123] if No irrigation this time;

[0124] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for precise supplemental irrigation of oilseed crops based on demand, characterized in that, The steps include the following: (1) Determine the field water holding capacity θ of oilseed crop planting plots. fc Soil bulk density ρ water Calculate the total amount of fertilizer to be applied to crops at different stages based on soil nutrient composition at different depths and the target yield. (2) Establish a model for estimating the relative soil moisture content at different depths in a regional plot: ① Divide the underground soil of the area into n layers, with heights of h1, h2, ..., h1 respectively. n Multiple sampling points were selected in the middle area of ​​each layer to measure the soil moisture content using the drying method, and the average value was taken to represent the soil moisture content of that layer, corresponding to layer h1, h2, ..., h n The mass moisture content of the soil layers are θ m1 ,θ m2 ,...,θ mn θ mc This refers to the mass moisture content of the soil when it reaches field capacity. Soil moisture content θ in layer h1 m1 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m1 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1; h1 layer soil is composed of θ m1 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m1 =(θ mc -θ m1 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h1; Soil moisture content θ in layer h2 m2 Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ m2 ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2; h2 layer soil is composed of θ m2 to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h m2 =(θ mc -θ m2 )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h2; And so on, h n High soil moisture content θ mn Equivalent to the equivalent irrigation height θ mn ×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ; h n The soil layer consists of θ mn to θ mc Minimum irrigation height h mn =(θ mc -θ mn )×(ρ soil / ρ water )×h n ; ground The relative water content of the soil at depth is ②Assume the daily irrigation volume is h irrigation Rainfall amount is h rain-j Crop evapotranspiration is ET0; ET0 = kf(T,H,L,V), where T, H, L, and V are temperature, humidity, light intensity, and wind speed, respectively, and k is a proportionality coefficient; Then the cumulative equivalent irrigation height on day t when hour, when hour, when hour, And so on, when hour, when hour, Once the soil moisture content of the first layer reaches saturation, the excess water seeps into the deeper soil layers. (3) Based on the detected oilseed crop canopy image and plant height, determine the growth stage of the oilseed crop. Assume that the growth of the oilseed crop is divided into p stages, where 2 < p ≤ n; Assume Δh rain-pre ET 0-pre This is based on future daily rainfall and crop evapotranspiration. Among them, ET 0-pre =k1f(T), where k1 is the proportionality coefficient for predicted crop evapotranspiration, and Δh rain-pre =k2Δh rain k2 represents the predicted probability of future rainfall, and Δh rain This refers to the rainfall amount in the weather forecast; Then the equivalent irrigation height on day tt in the future Minimum relative soil moisture content θ to ensure oilseed crop growth min Suitable soil relative moisture content lower limit θ shiyi_min Suitable upper limit of relative soil moisture content θ shiyi_max θ min <θ shiyi_min <θ shiyi_max ; ①Assuming the first stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil Assume that only irrigation and no fertilization are applied during this stage; if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation1 Satisfying the following formula if No irrigation this time; ②Assuming the second stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer applied is large, if in If supplemental irrigation and topdressing are insufficient to completely apply the fertilizer for this stage, then consider... Apply fertilizer as needed to ensure that all fertilizer is applied to the soil during this stage; if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation2 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions. Assume the total amount of fertilizer to be applied in this stage is Q. If fertilizer amount Q1 is applied, then (Q-Q1) gram of fertilizer remains unapplied. exist At that time, the fertilizer amount (Q-Q1) is applied to the soil in r portions with water, assuming that the relative soil moisture content corresponding to each application is θ. r , and θ r ≥θ min The corresponding water level for each irrigation is h. r The concentration of fertilizer for each supplemental irrigation is kJ. r Satisfying the following formula ③ And so on, assuming the p-th stage starts from Deeply absorbs moisture. relative moisture content of deep soil Assuming irrigation and fertilization are carried out in this stage, and the amount of fertilizer is small, the fertilizer will be used in... Timely irrigation and topdressing are necessary, and all fertilizers should be applied to the soil during this stage. if The irrigation height for this irrigation is h. irrigation3 Simultaneously apply fertilizer to meet the following conditions. if No irrigation will be carried out this time.

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