Vehicle window, head-up display system, and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides a vehicle window glass, a head-up display system and a vehicle. The vehicle window glass has a see-through area with a visible light transmittance greater than or equal to 70%; the see-through area has at least one head-up display area; the head-up display area is defined as m transverse sections arranged in a longitudinal direction and n longitudinal sections arranged in a transverse direction, 1≤i≤m, 1≤j≤n; the m transverse sections and the n longitudinal sections satisfy the following conditions: the maximum fluctuation of the sections is ROCs_max≤3mrad; the range of the sections is PVs≤0.6mm; the maximum adjacent distortion fluctuation is ROCnt_max≤1.5mrad / 100mm; and the distortion range is PVgt≤1.5mrad. The vehicle window glass can improve the imaging quality of the HUD system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of projection technology, specifically to a car window glass, a head-up display system, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, Head-Up Display (HUD) systems have been widely used in vehicles to reduce the need for drivers to look down at instrument panel information, facilitate switching between near and far vision, maximize driver focus, improve driving safety, and provide richer driving information. A HUD system consists of a windshield and a projection light source. The projection light source projects light containing instrument signals (such as vehicle speed and navigation information) onto the head-up display area of ​​the windshield. After reflection from the head-up display area, the projected light enters the driver's eyes, forming a head-up display image visible to the driver in front of the windshield, allowing the driver to see the projected information.

[0003] To achieve a superior HUD effect and driving experience in the final vehicle, automotive glass manufacturers need to pay special attention to the design and manufacturing of the windshield, particularly the surface design and manufacturing precision of the head-up display (HUD) area. Considering practical design and manufacturing feasibility, the HUD area of ​​the windshield cannot achieve the perfect ideal state of the theoretically designed surface, and manufacturing deviations will always introduce a certain degree of surface fluctuation, posing further challenges to HUD imaging quality. Furthermore, current technology has not found a correlation between the surface shape and fluctuation characteristics of the HUD area and HUD imaging quality, especially a quantitative correlation. This means that each windshield used in the HUD system needs to be tested for HUD imaging performance, significantly reducing production efficiency and increasing testing costs. Moreover, simply reducing the manufacturing tolerances of the windshield does not necessarily improve HUD imaging quality; on the other hand, excessively strict tolerances can lead to a decrease in yield, significantly increasing production costs. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a car window glass, a head-up display system, and a vehicle that can improve the imaging quality of a HUD system.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides a vehicle window glass having a transparent area, wherein the visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%.

[0006] The perspective area has at least one head-up display area;

[0007] The head-up display area is defined to have m transverse sections arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction and n longitudinal sections arranged sequentially along the transverse direction, 1≤i≤m, 1≤j≤n;

[0008] The m transverse sections and the n longitudinal sections satisfy the following conditions:

[0009] The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad;

[0010] Cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm;

[0011] The maximum adjacent torsional ripple ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm;

[0012] The distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad.

[0013] Wherein, the m transverse sections have a maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max, ROCs_h_max≤3mrad; the n longitudinal sections have a maximum longitudinal fluctuation ROCs_v_max, ROCs_v_max≤2.5mrad; the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max is the maximum value between the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max and the maximum longitudinal fluctuation ROCs_v_max.

[0014] Where ROCs_h_max≤2.5mrad, or ROCs_h_max≤2mrad; ROCs_v_max≤2mrad, or ROCs_v_max≤1.5mrad.

[0015] Wherein, the m transverse sections have a cross-sectional range PVs_h, where PVs_h ≤ 0.5 mm; the n longitudinal sections have a longitudinal range PVs_v, where PVs_v ≤ 0.6 mm; the cross-sectional range PVs is the maximum value between the cross-sectional range PVs_h and the longitudinal range PVs_v.

[0016] Wherein, PVs_h≤0.4mm, or PVs_h≤0.3mm, or PVs_h≤0.25mm; PVs_v≤0.5mm, or PVs_v≤0.4mm, or PVs_v≤0.3mm, or PVs_v≤0.2mm.

[0017] Wherein, the m transverse sections have the maximum longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max; the n longitudinal sections have the maximum transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max; the maximum longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max is equal to the maximum transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max, the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max is either the maximum longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max or the maximum transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max, the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max ≤ 1.25mrad / 100mm, or the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max ≤ 1mrad / 100mm, or the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max ≤ 0.75mrad / 100mm.

[0018] Wherein, the m transverse sections have a longitudinal torsion range PVgt_v, PVgt_v≤1.5mrad; the n longitudinal sections have a transverse torsion range PVgt_h, PVgt_h≤1.5mrad; the torsion range PVgt is the maximum value of the longitudinal torsion range PVgt_v and the transverse torsion range PVgt_h.

[0019] Wherein, PVgt_v≤1.25mrad, or PVgt_v≤1.05mrad; PVgt_h≤1.25mrad, or PVgt_h≤1.15mrad, or PVgt_h≤1mrad.

[0020] The spacing between adjacent transverse sections and the spacing between adjacent longitudinal sections are both L, with a spacing of L = 20mm to 25mm.

[0021] The vehicle window glass also has a shielding area, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 5%, and the distance between the shielding area and the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 20mm.

[0022] The vehicle window glass also has a functional layer that covers the head-up display area. The distance between the boundary of the functional layer and the boundary of the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 20 mm, or the distance between the boundary of the functional layer and the boundary of the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

[0023] Wherein, the vehicle window glass satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0024] (1) The installation angle of the vehicle window glass is greater than or equal to 24°;

[0025] (2) The central spherical surface value of the vehicle window glass is less than or equal to 25 mm / m;

[0026] (3) The height of the A-pillar of the vehicle window glass is less than or equal to 30mm / m;

[0027] (4) The arch height of the window glass is less than or equal to 165mm;

[0028] (5) The minimum radius of curvature of the window glass is greater than or equal to 1000 mm.

[0029] Wherein, the radius of curvature Rx of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction satisfies the following condition: Rx≥8000mm; and / or, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Rx_max of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction to the minimum radius of curvature Rx_min of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction satisfies the following relationship: Rx_max / Rx_min≤1.1.

[0030] Wherein, the radius of curvature Ry of the head-up display area in the lateral direction satisfies the following condition: Ry≥3000mm; and / or, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Ry_max of the head-up display area in the lateral direction to the minimum radius of curvature Ry_min of the head-up display area in the lateral direction satisfies the following relationship: Ry_max / Ry_min≤1.1.

[0031] Wherein, the radius of curvature of the head-up display area increases or decreases uniformly in the longitudinal direction, and / or the radius of curvature of the head-up display area increases or decreases uniformly in the transverse direction.

[0032] Secondly, this application also provides a head-up display system, the head-up display system including a projection light source and the aforementioned vehicle window glass, the projection light source being used to emit projection light to the head-up display area, and the head-up display area being used to reflect the projection light to form a head-up display image.

[0033] Thirdly, this application also provides a vehicle, the vehicle including a frame and the above-mentioned head-up display system, the window glass being installed at an opening in the frame, and the projection light source being installed inside the vehicle.

[0034] The vehicle window glass, head-up display system, and vehicle provided in this application utilize the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max, cross-sectional range PVs, maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max, and torsional range PVgt to reasonably determine the smoothness of the head-up display area. This helps to balance the difficulty of manufacturing with surface analysis and production improvement, thereby providing guidance for the design and manufacturing of vehicle window glass used in head-up display systems, improving the adaptability of the head-up display area's surface shape to the head-up display system's optical path, and thus significantly improving the HUD imaging quality. At the same time, it can also reduce or even eliminate HUD imaging inspection, reducing HUD inspection costs. Attached Figure Description

[0035] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the drawings used in the implementation will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementations of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0036] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a head-up display system provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a vehicle window glass provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the grid division of the head-up display area in related technologies.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of a partial cross-section of the head-up display area in related technologies.

[0041] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram illustrating various surface fluctuations in the head-up display area in related technologies.

[0042] Figure 7 A three-dimensional schematic diagram of the grid division of the head-up display area provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a planar schematic diagram of the grid division of the head-up display area provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0044] Figure 9 This is a cross-sectional view of the vehicle window glass provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0045] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a vehicle window glass with a functional layer provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0046] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0047] In this document, references to "embodiment" or "implementation" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment or implementation may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.

[0048] Please refer to 1 and Figure 2 This application provides a vehicle 100, which may be, but is not limited to, a sedan, a multi-purpose vehicle (MPV), a sport / suburban utility vehicle (SUV), an off-road vehicle (ORV), a pickup truck, a van, a bus, a truck, etc. The vehicle 100 includes a frame 10 and a head-up display system 20. The head-up display system 20 includes a projection light source 21 and a window 22. The window 22 is installed at an opening in the frame 10, and the projection light source 21 is installed inside the vehicle 100. The projection light source 21 emits projection light to the window 22, and the window 22 reflects the projection light to form a head-up display image that is visible to the human eye.

[0049] Please refer to Figure 3 This application also provides a vehicle window glass 22, which has a viewing area 224, and the visible light transmittance of the viewing area 224 is greater than or equal to 70%. The visible light transmittance of the viewing area 224 can be 70%, 72%, 75%, 79%, 80%, 82%, 86%, 88%, 90%, 91%, 93%, 95%, etc. The viewing area 224 has at least one head-up display area 224A, and the number of head-up display areas 224A can be one, two, three, etc.

[0050] Specifically, the projection light source 21 emits projection light to the head-up display area 224A, and the head-up display area 224A reflects the projection light to form a head-up display image. That is, the projection light source 21 can project instrument information (such as vehicle speed, navigation, etc.) into the head-up display area 224A of the window glass 22 in the form of light. After reflection by the head-up display area 224A, the information enters the driver's eye, allowing the driver to see the projected information. The number of projection light sources 21 can be one, two, three, or even more. Projecting instrument information reduces the time the driver spends looking down at the dashboard or related information, facilitates switching between near and far vision, maximizes the driver's focus while driving, improves driving safety, and provides richer driving information.

[0051] This application finds that the surface design and manufacturing precision of the head-up display area 224A both affect the HUD imaging quality. Considering the actual design and manufacturing feasibility, the head-up display area 224A cannot achieve the perfect ideal state of the theoretically designed surface, and the manufacturing deviation of the head-up display area 224A will always bring a certain degree of surface fluctuation.

[0052] The surface shape fluctuation of the head-up display area 224A refers to the smoothness of the deviation of the actual product's surface from the theoretical glass surface shape within the head-up display area 224A. Typically, relevant technologies evaluate the surface shape fluctuation of the head-up display area primarily based on surface profile and fluctuation amount, such as... Figure 4 and Figure 5 As shown, the relevant technology divides the head-up display area into m rows × n columns, with a row / column spacing L = 25mm or 50mm. A cross-section of the head-up display area is taken along the row or column direction, and test points are taken at spacing L. The ROC (Rate of Change, also known as slope K, which is the ratio of the difference between two measurements to the spacing between them) between two adjacent measurement points is equal to the slope K. The slope K is calculated using the following formula:

[0053]

[0054] In related technologies, the fluctuation amount ROC can be 0.75mm / 100mm or 0.5mm / 100mm, etc. However, this application found that the correlation between the fluctuation amount ROC and the HUD imaging quality of the HUD system is not strong. This is because the head-up display area has a complex three-dimensional curved surface shape. Traditional surface profile and fluctuation amount are simple and general measurement indicators or trends. They are not strongly correlated with the final imaging quality of the HUD system. This makes it necessary to test the HUD imaging effect of each piece of car window glass used for the head-up display system, which significantly reduces production efficiency and increases testing costs.

[0055] like Figure 6 As shown, within the head-up display area, the deviation between the three-dimensional curved surface of the actual product and the three-dimensional curved surface of the theoretical glass surface (reference plane) is processed into a coordinate system relative to the plane reference plane. This allows for a direct visualization of the relative fluctuations in the surface shape. The head-up display area of ​​the vehicle window glass 22 used in the head-up display system 20 typically has... Figure 6 The actual surface shape of one or more composite forms shown (the above curved surfaces are not limited to any orientation) means that, under approximately the same tolerance bandwidth, the surface shape fluctuation of the head-up display area produced and processed conforms to certain fluctuation characteristics. This can improve the compatibility between the head-up display area of ​​the window glass 22 and the optical path of the head-up display system 20, resulting in better HUD imaging quality.

[0056] exist Figure 6 In the above cases, situations ①②③ exhibit a single-corner warping defect, situation ④ exhibits a double-corner warping defect, situation ⑤ exhibits a single-sided central bulge defect, situation ⑥ exhibits a double-sided central bulge defect, situation ⑦ exhibits a rotational twisting defect, situation ⑧ exhibits a central bulge defect, and situation ⑨ exhibits a surface S-shaped tilting defect. These situations only show a monotonically decreasing deviation in certain corners, edges, or sections of the head-up display area, but they do not consider the curved and twisted characteristics of the head-up display area, thus failing to guarantee the smoothness of the head-up display area; while situation ⑩... The curved surface is monotonously tilted, which ensures the smoothness of the head-up display area.

[0057] The surface fluctuation characteristics (smoothness characteristics) of the head-up display area are reasonably determined by the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max, cross-sectional range PVs, maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max, and torsional range PVgt of the head-up display area 224A.

[0058] like Figure 7 and Figure 8 As shown, the head-up display area 224A is defined as having m transverse sections arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction and n longitudinal sections arranged sequentially along the transverse direction, 1≤i≤m, 1≤j≤n. The spacing between adjacent transverse sections and the spacing between adjacent longitudinal sections are both L. The intersection of the transverse sections and the longitudinal sections is defined as the measurement point P. i,j The measurement point P i,j The deviation relative to the theoretical reference surface is T. i,j .

[0059] The m transverse sections and the n longitudinal sections satisfy the following conditions:

[0060] The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad (area fluctuation characteristic 1);

[0061] Cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm (surface shape fluctuation characteristic 2);

[0062] The maximum adjacent torsional ripple ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm (surface ripple feature 3);

[0063] The distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad (surface fluctuation characteristic 4).

[0064] For surface ripple characteristic 1 (maximum cross-sectional ripple ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad)

[0065] The m transverse sections have a maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max, where ROCs_h_max ≤ 3mrad.

[0066] The n longitudinal sections have a maximum longitudinal section fluctuation ROCs_v_max, where ROCs_v_max ≤ 2.5 mrad.

[0067] The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max is the maximum value between the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max and the maximum longitudinal fluctuation ROCs_v_max.

[0068] Specifically, the ratio of the difference in deviation between two adjacent measurement points on a single transverse section to the distance L between these two measurement points is denoted as the transverse section fluctuation ROCs_h, i.e., ROCs_h = (T i,j+1 -T i,j The maximum absolute value of the cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h across all cross-sections is denoted as the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max. This ROCs_h_max can be, but is not limited to, 3.0 mrad, 2.9 mrad, 2.8 mrad, 2.75 mrad, 2.63 mrad, 2.55 mrad, 2.3 mrad, 2.0 mrad, 1.9 mrad, 1.8 mrad, 1.7 mrad, 1.6 mrad, 1.5 mrad, 1.3 mrad, 1.2 mrad, 1.0 mrad, etc.

[0069] Furthermore, the ratio of the difference in deviation between two adjacent measurement points on a single longitudinal section to the distance L between these two measurement points is denoted as the longitudinal section fluctuation ROCs_v, i.e., ROCs_v = (T i+1,j -T i,jThe maximum absolute value of the longitudinal section fluctuation ROCs_v on all longitudinal sections is denoted as the longitudinal section maximum fluctuation ROCs_v_max. The value of ROCs_v_max can be, but is not limited to, 2.5mrad, 2.3mrad, 2.0mrad, 1.9mrad, 1.8mrad, 1.7mrad, 1.6mrad, 1.5mrad, 1.3mrad, 1.2mrad, 1.0mrad, etc.

[0070] Optionally, ROCs_h_max ≤ 2.5 mrad, or ROCs_h_max ≤ 2 mrad.

[0071] Optionally, ROCs_v_max ≤ 2mrad or ROCs_v_max ≤ 1.5mrad.

[0072] For surface fluctuation characteristic 2 (cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm)

[0073] The m transverse sections have a cross-sectional range PVs_h, where PVs_h ≤ 0.5 mm.

[0074] The n longitudinal sections have a longitudinal section range PVs_v, where PVs_v ≤ 0.6 mm.

[0075] The cross-sectional range PVs is the maximum value between the cross-sectional range PVs_h and the longitudinal range PVs_v.

[0076] Specifically, the deviation between any two measurement points on a single transverse section has a maximum difference value PVs_sh, which is equal to the maximum deviation value minus the minimum deviation value on the single transverse section. The maximum value of all maximum differences PVs_sh on all transverse sections is denoted as the transverse range PVs_h, which can be, but is not limited to, 0.50mm, 0.46mm, 0.43mm, 0.42mm, 0.4mm, 0.38mm, 0.35mm, 0.32mm, 0.3mm, 0.28mm, 0.25mm, 0.22mm, 0.2mm, 0.18mm, 0.15mm, 0.1mm, etc.

[0077] Furthermore, the deviation between any two measurement points on a single longitudinal section has a maximum difference value PVs_sv, that is, the maximum difference value PVs_sv is equal to the maximum deviation value minus the minimum deviation value on a single longitudinal section. The maximum value of all maximum differences PVs_sv on all longitudinal sections is denoted as the longitudinal section range PVs_v, which can be, but is not limited to, 0.6mm, 0.58mm, 0.57mm, 0.54mm, 0.50mm, 0.46mm, 0.43mm, 0.42mm, 0.4mm, 0.38mm, 0.35mm, 0.32mm, 0.3mm, 0.28mm, 0.25mm, 0.22mm, 0.2mm, 0.18mm, 0.15mm, 0.1mm, etc.

[0078] Optionally, PVs_h ≤ 0.4 mm, or PVs_h ≤ 0.3 mm, or PVs_h ≤ 0.25 mm.

[0079] Optionally, PVs_v ≤ 0.5 mm, or PVs_v ≤ 0.4 mm, or PVs_v ≤ 0.3 mm, or PVs_v ≤ 0.2 mm.

[0080] For surface undulation feature 3 (maximum adjacent torsional undulation ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm)

[0081] The m transverse sections have a maximum longitudinal adjacent torsional undulation ROCnt_v_max.

[0082] The n longitudinal sections have a maximum transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max.

[0083] The maximum adjacent longitudinal torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max is equal to the maximum adjacent transverse torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max. The maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max is either the maximum adjacent longitudinal torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max or the maximum adjacent transverse torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max. The maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max is ≤1.25mrad / 100mm, or ≤1mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.75mrad / 100mm.

[0084] Specifically, there are two longitudinal section fluctuations ROCs_v on any two adjacent longitudinal sections along the same transverse direction. The ratio of the difference between the two longitudinal section fluctuations ROCs_v to the distance L between the two longitudinal section fluctuations ROCs_v is denoted as the transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h. The maximum absolute value of all transverse adjacent torsional fluctuations ROCnt_h in the transverse direction is denoted as the transverse adjacent maximum torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max.

[0085] Furthermore, there are two cross-sectional fluctuations ROCs_h on any two adjacent transverse sections along the same longitudinal direction. The ratio of the difference between the two cross-sectional fluctuations ROCs_h to the distance L between the two cross-sectional fluctuations ROCs_h is denoted as the longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v. The maximum absolute value of all longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuations ROCnt_v in the longitudinal direction is denoted as the longitudinal adjacent maximum torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max.

[0086] Among them, the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max is equal to the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max in the longitudinal direction. Both are denoted as the maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max. ROCnt_max ≤ 1.25mrad / 100mm, or ROCnt_max ≤ 1mrad / 100mm, or ROCnt_max ≤ 0.75mrad / 100mm.

[0087] Among them, ROCnt_max can be, but is not limited to, 1.25mrad / 100mm, 1.2mrad / 100mm, 1.1mrad / 100mm, 1.0mrad / 100mm, 0.9mrad / 100mm, 0.8mrad / 100mm, 0.7mrad / 100mm, 0.6mrad / 100mm, 0.55mrad / 100mm, 0.5mrad / 100mm, 0.4mrad / 100mm, 0.36mrad / 100mm, 0.3mrad / 100mm, 0.2mrad / 100mm, 0.1mrad / 100mm, etc.

[0088] Furthermore, considering the measurement stability of the data, ROCnt_h_max and ROCnt_v_max can generally be taken as the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​of all ROCnt_h and ROCnt_v, or the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​after removing extreme values. That is, the maximum horizontally adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_h_max can be taken as the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​of all horizontally adjacent distortion fluctuations ROCnt_h, or the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​after removing extreme values. The maximum vertically adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_v_max can be taken as the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​of all vertically adjacent distortion fluctuations ROCnt_v, or the average of the first three largest absolute values ​​after removing extreme values. Here, extreme values ​​refer to outliers that deviate significantly from normal values ​​in a set of data.

[0089] For surface fluctuation characteristic 4 (distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad)

[0090] The m transverse sections have a longitudinal torsion range PVgt_v, where PVgt_v ≤ 1.5 mrad.

[0091] The n longitudinal sections have a transverse torsion range PVgt_h, where PVgt_h ≤ 1.5 mrad.

[0092] The tortuosity range PVgt is the maximum value between the longitudinal tortuosity range PVgt_v and the transverse tortuosity range PVgt_h.

[0093] Specifically, there are two longitudinal section fluctuations ROCs_v on any two adjacent longitudinal sections along the same transverse direction. The maximum value of the difference between any two longitudinal section fluctuations ROCs_v along the same transverse direction is denoted as the transverse torsion range PVgt_h. PVgt_h can be, but is not limited to, 1.5mrad, 1.46mrad, 1.41mrad, 1.39mrad, 1.38mrad, 1.32mrad, 1.2mrad, 1.1mrad, 1.0mrad, 0.9mrad, 0.83mrad, 0.8mrad, 0.7mrad, 0.65mrad, 0.6mrad, 0.55mrad, 0.5mrad, 0.49mrad, 0.4mrad, 0.36mrad, 0.3mrad, 0.2mrad, 0.1mrad, etc.

[0094] Furthermore, there are two cross-sectional fluctuations ROCs_h on any two adjacent transverse sections along the same longitudinal direction. The maximum value of the difference between any two cross-sectional fluctuations ROCs_h along the same longitudinal direction is denoted as the longitudinal torsion range PVgt_v. This PVgt_v can be, but is not limited to, 1.5mrad, 1.46mrad, 1.41mrad, 1.39mrad, 1.38mrad, 1.32mrad, 1.2mrad, 1.1mrad, 1.0mrad, 0.9mrad, 0.83mrad, 0.8mrad, 0.7mrad, 0.65mrad, 0.6mrad, 0.55mrad, 0.5mrad, 0.49mrad, 0.4mrad, 0.36mrad, 0.3mrad, 0.2mrad, 0.1mrad, etc.

[0095] Optionally, PVgt_v ≤ 1.25 mrad or PVgt_v ≤ 1.05 mrad.

[0096] Optionally, PVgt_h ≤ 1.25 mrad, or PVgt_h ≤ 1.15 mrad, PVgt_h ≤ 1 mrad.

[0097] Furthermore, the spacing between adjacent transverse sections and the spacing between adjacent longitudinal sections are both L. Optionally, the spacing L = 20mm to 25mm. This L can be, but is not limited to, 20mm, 20.6mm, 21mm, 21.7mm, 22mm, 22.5mm, 23mm, 23.8mm, 24mm, 24.2mm, 25mm, etc.

[0098] It should be noted that, based on production experience, the measurement interval L should ideally be set to 25mm. Setting L to 10mm / 15mm, etc., will result in almost no change in the surface deviation, maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs, and cross-sectional range PVs, while the maximum adjacent torsion fluctuation ROCnt_max will fluctuate significantly. This is due to insufficient equipment accuracy and different measurement intervals. Therefore, the measurement interval L should not be too small. Furthermore, when the measurement interval L is not set to 25mm, the limit value of the 224A smoothness index of the HUD head-up display area needs to be reset based on equipment accuracy and production experience.

[0099] In summary, the surface undulation characteristics (four smoothness parameters: ROCs_max≤3mrad, PVs≤0.6mm, ROCnt_max≤1.5mrad / 100mm, PVgt≤1.5mrad) of the head-up display area 224A of the actually manufactured vehicle window glass 22 proposed in this application can effectively ensure the smoothness of the HUD head-up display area 224A surface. The vehicle window glass 22 with this characteristic will have better imaging capabilities, which can reduce or even eliminate HUD imaging inspection and reduce HUD inspection costs.

[0100] Please refer to Figure 3 The vehicle window glass 22 also has a shielding area 225 surrounding the viewing area 224. The visible light transmittance of the shielding area 225 is less than or equal to 5%, and its transmittance may be, but is not limited to, 5%, 4.6%, 4%, 3.5%, 3%, 2.1%, 1.5%, 1%, 0%, etc. The distance between the shielding area 225 and the head-up display area 224A is greater than or equal to 20mm, and this distance may be, but is not limited to, 20mm, 22mm, 25mm, 30mm, 36mm, 41mm, 46mm, 49mm, 50mm, etc. Figure 9 As shown, the shielding area 225 is provided with a shielding layer 226. The material of the shielding layer 226 can be dark ink, which can be ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink. The ceramic ink or ultraviolet ink is printed on the surface of the car window glass 22 through processes such as screen printing and inkjet printing, and the shielding layer 226 is formed after curing or high-temperature sintering. The thickness of the shielding layer formed by the dark ink is 5μm to 40μm.

[0101] Optionally, the window glass 22 is produced using a pressing molding process, which has higher stability and precision, and is more conducive to obtaining window glass 22 with high imaging quality.

[0102] Please refer to Figure 9 The vehicle window glass 22 includes multiple curved glass panels and an adhesive layer 222. The multiple curved glass panels are arranged sequentially opposite to each other, and the adhesive layer 222 is bonded between two adjacent curved glass panels, forming a laminated glass structure. That is, the vehicle window glass 22 is formed by stacking at least two curved glass panels and at least one adhesive layer 222.

[0103] Specifically, the window glass 22 includes two curved glass panels and an adhesive layer 222. The two curved glass panels are an outer glass panel 221 and an inner glass panel 223, and the adhesive layer 222 is bonded between the outer glass panel 221 and the inner glass panel 223.

[0104] The outer glass panel 221 is transparent or tinted glass. The visible light transmittance of the outer glass panel 221 is greater than or equal to 80%. The thickness of the outer glass panel 221 ranges from 1.6 mm to 5.0 mm. For example, the thickness of the outer glass panel 221 can be, but is not limited to, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.6 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, or other values ​​between 1.6 mm and 5.0 mm. For example, the thickness of the outer glass panel 221 is 1.8 mm, 2.1 mm, or 3.2 mm.

[0105] The adhesive layer 222 is a transparent or colored thermoplastic polymer film, and its thickness is 0.38 mm to 2.28 mm. For example, the thickness of the adhesive layer 222 can be, but is not limited to, 0.38 mm, 0.76 mm, 1.14 mm, 1.52 mm, 1.9 mm, 2.28 mm, or other values ​​between 0.38 mm and 2.28 mm. The thermoplastic polymer film material can be selected from at least one of the following: polyvinyl butyral (PVB), polyurethane (PU), ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyacrylate (PA), and ionic polymers (Sentry Glass Plus, SGP). For example, the visible light transmittance of the adhesive layer 222 can be, but is not limited to, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%. The adhesive layer 222 can be a single-layer or multi-layer structure, and multi-layer structures can include, for example, double-layer, triple-layer, quadruple-layer, and five-layer structures. The adhesive layer 222 can also have other functions, such as providing at least one tinted area as a shaded area to reduce sunlight interference with the human eye, or adding an infrared absorber to provide sun protection or heat insulation, or adding an ultraviolet absorber to provide ultraviolet protection, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure with a higher plasticizer content to provide sound insulation, or having at least one layer of the multi-layer structure be wedge-shaped to meet the head-up display function requirements of the window glass 22.

[0106] The inner glass plate 223 is transparent or tinted glass. The visible light transmittance of the inner glass plate 223 is greater than or equal to 80%. The thickness of the inner glass plate 223 ranges from 0.7 mm to 5.0 mm. For example, the thickness of the inner glass plate 223 can be, but is not limited to, 0.7 mm, 1.1 mm, 1.6 mm, 1.8 mm, 2.1 mm, 2.6 mm, 3.2 mm, 3.5 mm, 4.0 mm, 4.5 mm, 5.0 mm, or other values ​​between 0.7 mm and 5.0 mm. For example, the thickness of the inner glass plate 223 is 1.1 mm, 1.8 mm, or 2.1 mm.

[0107] In some embodiments, the outer glass panel 221 and the inner glass panel 223 are identical in at least one aspect, such as color, thickness, and composition. This ensures better consistency between the outer glass panel 221 and the inner glass panel 223, better guaranteeing that the surface shape of the outer glass panel 221 and the inner glass panel 223 remains consistent after bending and forming, further reducing fluctuations in the amount of ghosting in the HUD image and improving the HUD imaging quality. Specifically, for example, both the outer glass panel 221 and the inner glass panel 223 may be made of 2.1mm thick green glass, or both may be made of 2.1mm thick transparent glass, or the outer glass panel 221 may be made of 2.1mm thick green glass and the inner glass panel 223 may be made of 1.8mm thick green glass, or the outer glass panel 221 may be made of 2.1mm thick transparent glass and the inner glass panel 223 may be made of 1.8mm thick transparent glass. Preferably, the outer glass plate 221 and the inner glass plate 223 are the same in at least two aspects, such as color, thickness and composition; more preferably, the outer glass plate 221 and the inner glass plate 223 are the same in color, thickness and composition.

[0108] In other embodiments, the thickness difference between the outer glass plate 221 and the inner glass plate 223 is less than or equal to 0.5 mm. For example, the thickness difference is 0.5 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.05 mm, 0 mm, etc. Preferably, the thickness difference between the outer glass plate 221 and the inner glass plate 223 is less than or equal to 0.3 mm, for example, the thickness difference is 0.3 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.21 mm, 0.16 mm, 0.13 mm, 0.05 mm, 0 mm, etc. If the thickness difference between the outer glass plate 221 and the inner glass plate 223 is too large, they cannot be manufactured using the same molding process. Outer glass plates 221 and inner glass plates 223 produced using different molding processes are unlikely to maintain a consistent surface shape for the head-up display area 224A, and also increase production costs.

[0109] In this application, to better control ghosting in the HUD image, the total thickness of the window glass 22 is preferably less than or equal to 4.36 mm. Under the same conditions, the smaller the total thickness of the window glass 22, the better it is for improving the display effect of the HUD image. It is also preferred that the total thickness of the window glass 22 is less than or equal to 4.16 mm, or even less than or equal to 3.96 mm. However, to ensure the safety of the window glass 22, the total thickness of the window glass 22 is greater than or equal to 2.96 mm.

[0110] like Figure 10 As shown, the vehicle window glass 22 also includes a functional layer 227, which covers the head-up display area 224A. The distance between the boundary of the functional layer 227 and the boundary of the head-up display area 224A is greater than or equal to 20 mm, or greater than or equal to 50 mm. That is, the head-up display area 224A is located within the area covered by the functional layer, and the boundary of the functional layer 227 extends beyond the boundary of the head-up display area 224A by 20 mm or more, or 50 mm or more. The functional layer 227 can be disposed on the surface of the outer glass panel 221 facing the adhesive layer 222, or on the surface of the inner glass panel 223 facing the adhesive layer 222, or on the surface of the inner glass panel 223 away from the adhesive layer 222.

[0111] Among them, functional layer 227 can be exemplified as heat insulation layer, electric heating layer, anti-reflective layer, anti-fingerprint layer, P-light anti-reflective layer, ultraviolet blocking layer, blue light blocking layer, etc.

[0112] The heat insulation layer meets the requirements for heat insulation and sun protection, increasing the comfort of the vehicle interior. The heat insulation layer can be an infrared reflective layer or an infrared absorbing layer, etc. The infrared reflective layer includes at least one metal layer or a transparent conductive oxide layer. The film material of the metal layer can be any material capable of reflecting infrared energy, such as (but not limited to) silver, gold, aluminum, copper, etc., preferably silver or a silver-containing alloy, wherein the silver alloy is preferably an alloy of silver with at least one of gold, aluminum, and copper; the infrared reflective layer containing the metal layer can be, for example, a single silver coating, a double silver coating, a triple silver coating, or a silver alloy coating, etc.; the transparent conductive oxide (TCO) layer can be ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), etc. The infrared absorbing layer can be formed by preparing inorganic infrared absorbing components on the glass surface using a sol-gel method and then curing them. Specifically, inorganic silanol salts, organic solvents, silane coupling agents, catalysts, and deionized water can be selected, and after mixing and stirring, a silica sol is obtained; then the silica sol, transparent conductive oxide nanoparticles, and additives are mixed and stirred to obtain an infrared absorbing heat insulation coating liquid.

[0113] The electric heating layer can be a single-silver electric heating layer, a double-silver electric heating layer, a triple-silver electric heating layer, a quadruple-silver electric heating layer, a penta-silver electric heating layer, or a TCO electric heating layer. The single-silver, double-silver, triple-silver, quadruple-silver, penta-silver, and TCO electric heating layers can be formed by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and their physical thickness is preferably 100 nm to 500 nm. The single-silver electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having one silver layer and at least two dielectric layers; the double-silver electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having two silver layers and at least three dielectric layers; the triple-silver electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having three silver layers and at least four dielectric layers; the quadruple-silver electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having four silver layers and at least five dielectric layers; and the penta-silver electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having five silver layers and at least six dielectric layers. The TCO electric heating layer is a transparent nano-coating having at least one transparent conductive oxide (TCO) functional layer. The material of the TCO functional layer can be ITO (indium tin oxide), FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide), or AZO (aluminum-doped zinc oxide), etc. The TCO electric heating layer may also include at least one dielectric layer. The material of the dielectric layer is selected from at least one oxide, nitride, or oxynitride selected from Zn, Ti, Si, Al, Sn, Se, Zr, Ni, In, Cr, W, Ca, Y, Nb, Cu, and Sm.

[0114] The anti-reflective layer reduces the reflectivity of the window glass 22 to visible light. The anti-reflective layer material can be a porous silica coating, a high- or low-refractive-index laminated film, etc. The anti-fingerprint layer improves the surface resistance to fingerprints and oil stains on the window glass 22, effectively preventing fingerprint and oil residue. Specifically, the anti-fingerprint layer can be a silicone coating, an acrylic coating, a polyurethane coating, a polyacrylate coating, or an organosiloxane coating, etc. The P-polarized anti-reflective layer increases the reflectivity of the window glass 22 to P-polarized light. The P-polarized anti-reflective layer can use the transparent nanofilm in patent CN104267499B or the transparent nanofilm in patent CN104267498B. The ultraviolet (UV) blocking layer reduces the UV transmittance of the window glass 22. The UV blocking layer contains a UV absorber that can absorb UV light with a wide wavelength range. The UV absorber is preferably selected from at least one of benzophenone-based UV absorbers, benzimidazole-based UV absorbers, and triazine-based UV absorbers. The blue light blocking layer is used to reduce the blue light transmittance of the window glass 22. The blue light blocking layer contains a blue light absorber. The maximum absorption peak of the blue light absorber is in the wavelength range of 400nm to 420nm. The blue light absorber is preferably selected from at least one of azo blue light absorbers, isoindoline ketone blue light absorbers, quinoline ketone blue light absorbers, benzimidazolone blue light absorbers, and organic-inorganic composite blue light absorbers.

[0115] In this embodiment, the distance from the boundary of the functional layer to the boundary of the head-up display area 224A is limited to greater than or equal to 20mm or greater than or equal to 50mm. This significantly reduces the adverse effects of surrounding functional layers on the head-up display area 224A. Specifically, the distance from the boundary of the functional layer to the boundary of the head-up display area 224A can be 20mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 46mm, 50mm, 57mm, 60mm, 61mm, 70mm, 76mm, 80mm, etc.

[0116] In this application, the mounting angle of the vehicle window glass 22 is greater than or equal to 24°. The specific value of this mounting angle can be 24°, 25°, 26°, 28°, 30°, 35°, 40°, 42°, 46°, 50°, 55°, 59°, 60°, etc. The mounting angle, also known as the vehicle mounting angle, reflects the degree of inclination of the vehicle window glass 22 towards the inside of the vehicle 100. The more tilted the vehicle window glass 22, the greater the difficulty in achieving the HUD optical quality. This embodiment limits the mounting angle of the vehicle window glass 22 to greater than or equal to 24°, avoiding excessive tilting of the vehicle window glass 22 during installation, thereby ensuring that the vehicle window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect.

[0117] Optionally, the central spherical value of the window glass 22 is less than or equal to 25 mm / m, preferably less than or equal to 20 mm / m. Specific values ​​for this central spherical value can be 25 mm / m, 24 mm / m, 23.6 mm / m, 23 mm / m, 22 mm / m, 21.6 mm / m, 21 mm / m, 20 mm / m, 19 mm / m, 18 mm / m, 17 mm / m, 16.5 mm / m, 16 mm / m, 15 mm / m, etc. The central spherical value reflects the degree of longitudinal inward curvature of the center of the window glass 22. The more curved the window glass 22, the greater the difficulty in achieving HUD optical quality. This embodiment limits the central spherical value of the window glass 22 to less than or equal to 25 mm / m, avoiding excessive curvature of the window glass 22 and thus ensuring that the window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect.

[0118] Optionally, the A-pillar height of the window glass 22 is less than or equal to 30 mm / m, preferably less than or equal to 22 mm / m. Specific values ​​for the A-pillar height can be 30 mm / m, 29 mm / m, 28 mm / m, 27 mm / m, 26 mm / m, 25 mm / m, 24 mm / m, 23 mm / m, 22.5 mm / m, 22 mm / m, 21 mm / m, 20.7 mm / m, 20 mm / m, 19 mm / m, 18.6 mm / m, 18 mm / m, 17.6 mm / m, 17 mm / m, 16.5 mm / m, etc. The A-pillar height reflects the degree of longitudinal inward curvature of both sides of the window glass 22 (i.e., the side closest to the A-pillar of the vehicle). The more curved the window glass 22, the greater the difficulty in achieving optical quality. In this embodiment, the height of the A-pillar of the window glass 22 is limited to less than or equal to 30mm / m, thereby avoiding excessive curvature of the window glass 22, thus ensuring that the window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect and is easy to form.

[0119] Optionally, the arch height of the window glass 22 is less than or equal to 165mm, preferably less than or equal to 150mm. Specific values ​​for the arch height can be 165mm, 162mm, 160mm, 159mm, 156mm, 153mm, 150mm, 146mm, 143mm, 141mm, 140mm, 139mm, 135mm, 131mm, 130mm, etc. The arch height reflects the degree of inward curvature of the window glass 22. The more curved the window glass 22, the greater the difficulty in achieving the desired HUD optical quality. This embodiment limits the arch height of the window glass 22 to less than or equal to 165mm, avoiding excessive curvature of the window glass 22, thereby ensuring that the window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect and is easy to mold.

[0120] Optionally, the minimum radius of curvature of the window glass 22 is greater than or equal to 1000 mm. Specific values ​​for this minimum radius of curvature can be 1000 mm, 1080 mm, 1100 mm, 1156 mm, 1200 mm, 1235 mm, 1259 mm, 1300 mm, 1355 mm, 1369 mm, 1400 mm, 1468 mm, 1499 mm, 1500 mm, 1700 mm, 1750 mm, 1800 mm, 1900 mm, 2000 mm, 2100 mm, 2300 mm, 2500 mm, etc. The minimum radius of curvature reflects the degree of inward curvature of the window glass 22's surface. The more curved the window glass 22, the greater the difficulty in achieving the desired HUD optical quality. In this embodiment, the minimum radius of curvature of the window glass 22 is limited to greater than or equal to 1000mm, which avoids the window glass 22 from being too curved, thereby ensuring that the window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect and is easy to form.

[0121] Optionally, the radius of curvature Rx of the head-up display area 224A in the longitudinal direction (the longitudinal radius of curvature Rx of the head-up display area 224A) satisfies the following condition: Rx ≥ 8000 mm. The specific value of the radius of curvature Rx can be 8000 mm, 8100 mm, 8256 mm, 8362 mm, 8500 mm, 8726 mm, 8800 mm, 8987 mm, 9000 mm, 9200 mm, 9600 mm, 9756 mm, 9822 mm, etc. This embodiment limits the radius of curvature Rx to greater than or equal to 8000 mm, avoiding excessive curvature of the head-up display area 224A and better conforming to the characteristics of the HUD optical path, thereby improving optical path adaptability and ensuring that the vehicle window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect.

[0122] Optionally, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Rx_max to the minimum radius of curvature Rx_min of the head-up display area 224A in the longitudinal direction (the rate of change of the lateral radius of curvature Rx_max / Rx_min of the head-up display area 224A) satisfies the following relationship: Rx_max / Rx_min ≤ 1.1, and the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A increases or decreases uniformly in the longitudinal direction. Specific values ​​for Rx_max / Rx_min can be 1.1, 1.09, 1.08, 1.07, 1.06, 1.05, 1.04, 1.03, 1.02, 1.01, 1.0, etc. In this embodiment, Rx_max / Rx_min is limited to less than or equal to 1.1, and the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A increases or decreases uniformly in the longitudinal direction. This ensures that the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A changes more smoothly and uniformly, thereby reducing the dynamic distortion of the HUD virtual image observed by the human eye and better conforming to the characteristics of the HUD optical path, thus improving the optical path adaptability and resulting in higher HUD imaging quality.

[0123] Optionally, the radius of curvature Ry of the head-up display area 224A in the lateral direction (the lateral radius of curvature Ry of the head-up display area 224A) satisfies the following condition: Ry ≥ 3000 mm. The specific value of this radius of curvature Ry can be 3000 mm, 3121 mm, 3356 mm, 3392 mm, 3512 mm, 3788 mm, 3800 mm, 3967 mm, 3000 mm, 3210 mm, 3700 mm, 3756 mm, 3852 mm, etc. This embodiment limits the radius of curvature Ry to greater than or equal to 3000 mm, avoiding excessive curvature of the head-up display area 224A and better conforming to the characteristics of the HUD optical path, thereby improving optical path adaptability and ensuring that the vehicle window glass 22 has a better HUD display effect.

[0124] Optionally, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Ry_max to the minimum radius of curvature Ry_min of the head-up display area 224A in the lateral direction (the rate of change of the lateral radius of curvature Ry_max / Ry_min of the head-up display area 224A) satisfies the following relationship: Ry_max / Ry_min ≤ 1.1, and the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A increases or decreases uniformly in the lateral direction. Specific values ​​for Ry_max / Ry_min can be 1.1, 1.09, 1.08, 1.07, 1.06, 1.05, 1.04, 1.03, 1.02, 1.01, 1.0, etc. In this embodiment, Ry_max / Ry_min is limited to less than or equal to 1.1, and the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A increases or decreases uniformly in the horizontal direction. This ensures that the radius of curvature of the head-up display area 224A changes more smoothly and uniformly, thereby reducing the dynamic distortion of the HUD virtual image observed by the human eye and better conforming to the characteristics of the HUD optical path, thus improving the optical path adaptability and resulting in higher HUD imaging quality.

[0125] To confirm the rationality of the relevant parameters of the surface fluctuation characteristics of the head-up display area and their correlation with the HUD imaging quality, the following examples and comparative examples further illustrate this.

[0126] Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0127] The vehicle window glass includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is bonded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. Both the first and second transparent substrates are 1.8mm thick transparent glass (1.8C), processed according to automotive glass forming technology. The adhesive layer is made of 0.76mm thick transparent PVB. The first transparent substrate, adhesive layer, and second transparent substrate are laminated and processed using automotive glass manufacturing technology to obtain the parameters shown in Table 1. Table 1 shows the parameters of the vehicle window glass in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2.

[0128] The vehicle window glass in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 is used in a W-HUD system. The vehicle window glass has a head-up display area. Projection light is projected onto the head-up display area using a projection light source to form an observable HUD image.

[0129] Table 1: Window glass parameters in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0130]

[0131]

[0132] The smoothness of the head-up display area in both Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 does not meet the requirements for HUD use. The distortion range PVgt of the head-up display area in Comparative Example 1 is greater than 1.5mrad and the maximum adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_max is greater than 1.5mrad / 100mm; the distortion range PVgt of the head-up display area in Comparative Example 2 is greater than 1.5mrad.

[0133] The smoothness of the head-up display area in both Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 meets the requirements for HUD use. The head-up display areas in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2 meet the following conditions:

[0134] The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad;

[0135] Cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm;

[0136] The maximum adjacent torsional ripple ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm;

[0137] The distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad.

[0138] This application evaluates HUD imaging quality by employing specific HUD evaluation functions to quantify and calculate HUD image quality, including ghosting, distortion, sharpness, and color. Typically, this is accomplished through actual testing using a dedicated HUD imaging testing system or simulation based on the actual glass surface shape. To facilitate the quantitative evaluation of HUD imaging quality, the HUD image is divided into a grid, for example, a 9-row × 21-column dot matrix line drawing. Since fluctuations in glass surface shape deviation primarily affect the distortion of the HUD main image, this HUD imaging quality specifically refers to the quality of the distortion of the HUD main image pattern. The following items are selected for this analysis, and their corresponding definitions are as follows. The tolerances of the following HUD imaging test items represent the expected targets set in this analysis; meeting these expected targets indicates that the HUD glass has good imaging quality.

[0139] The average horizontal offset (mrad) of the image is ≤5, which refers to the average value of the offset of all dots in the HUD image along the horizontal direction. It is positive to the right and negative to the left.

[0140] The average vertical offset (mrad) of the image is ≤5, which means that the average offset of all dots in the HUD image along the vertical direction is positive when it is upward and negative when it is downward.

[0141] The average tilt angle (mrad) of the horizontal lines in the image is ≤0.8, which refers to the average amount of rotation of all horizontal lines in the HUD image. Clockwise is positive and counterclockwise is negative.

[0142] The average tilt angle (mrad) of the vertical lines in the image is ≤1.5, which refers to the average amount of rotation of all vertical lines in the HUD image. Clockwise is positive and counterclockwise is negative.

[0143] The average horizontal stretch rate of the image is ≤4%, which refers to the average stretch rate of all two adjacent points in the horizontal direction in the HUD image. The stretch rate is positive and the stretch rate is negative.

[0144] The average vertical stretch rate of the image is ≤4%, which refers to the average stretch rate of all two adjacent points in the vertical direction in the HUD image. The stretch rate is positive and the stretch rate is negative.

[0145] Average level parallax (mrad) ≤ 1.5, the average horizontal parallax of the HUD image (all dots) observed at a standard interpupillary distance of 65mm;

[0146] The mean vertical parallax (mrad) is ≤0.8, which is the average value of the vertical parallax of the HUD image (all dots) observed at a standard interpupillary distance of 65mm.

[0147] The absolute maximum horizontal parallax (mrad) ≤ 2.0 is the maximum horizontal parallax of the HUD image (all dots) observed at a standard interpupillary distance of 65mm (calculated as the absolute value of the corresponding average parallax plus twice the standard deviation of the parallax).

[0148] The absolute maximum vertical parallax (mrad) ≤ 1.2 is the maximum vertical parallax of the HUD image (all dots) observed at a standard interpupillary distance of 65mm (calculated as the absolute value of the corresponding average parallax plus twice the standard deviation of the parallax).

[0149] The horizontal offset dynamic distortion (mrad / °FOV) within the image ≤1.5 refers to the maximum deviation between two adjacent points in the horizontal / vertical direction in the HUD image within each unit of viewing angle along the horizontal direction.

[0150] The vertical offset dynamic distortion (mrad / °FOV) within the image ≤1.5 refers to the maximum deviation between two adjacent points in the horizontal / vertical direction in the HUD image within each unit of viewing angle along the vertical direction.

[0151] Image horizontal tilt dynamic distortion (° / °FOV) ≤ 10 refers to the maximum slope deviation of the line connecting two adjacent points in the horizontal / vertical direction in the HUD image within each unit of viewing angle.

[0152] The vertical tilt dynamic distortion (° / °FOV) within the image ≤10 refers to the maximum slope deviation of the line connecting two adjacent points in the horizontal / vertical direction in the HUD image along the vertical direction within each unit of viewing angle.

[0153] Based on the above evaluation parameters, the HUD imaging quality of the head-up display area of ​​the vehicle windows in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2 was evaluated, and the evaluation results are recorded in Table 2. The negative sign "-" in Tables 1 and 2 only indicates direction and does not indicate numerical value; only numerical values ​​are compared during the evaluation.

[0154] Table 2: Evaluation results of HUD imaging quality of the head-up display area of ​​the vehicle window glass in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-2

[0155]

[0156]

[0157] As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the smoothness of the head-up display area in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 does not meet the requirements for HUD use, and at least one of the HUD imaging quality evaluation indicators in Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 fails to meet the standard. In contrast, the smoothness of the head-up display area in Examples 1 and 2 meets the requirements for HUD use, and all HUD imaging quality evaluation indicators in Examples 1 and 2 meet the standards. Examples 1 and 2 exhibit good HUD imaging effects and excellent HUD imaging quality.

[0158] Compared with Example 1, the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max and cross-sectional range PVs of Comparative Example 1 have been optimized after debugging. Under the previous evaluation method, the HUD imaging quality should be better. However, under the evaluation method of this application, the actual HUD imaging quality has decreased or even failed. This is mainly due to the deterioration of the imaging indicators of the local head-up display area, such as vertical offset dynamic distortion within the image. This is because the distortion parameters of the local segment and the overall surface (maximum adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_max and distortion range PVgt) have deteriorated. This indicates that simply limiting the surface deviation of the HUD area and the fluctuation of the horizontal / vertical cross-section is not enough and may not be able to obtain a good HUD imaging effect.

[0159] Compared with Examples 1 and 2, the longitudinal distortion range of Comparative Example 2 is unqualified, resulting in both the average vertical stretching rate of the image and the dynamic distortion of vertical offset within the image being unqualified. This indicates that all four parameters for determining the smoothness of the head-up display area need to be set to be qualified in order to obtain a better HUD imaging effect.

[0160] Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0161] The vehicle window glass includes a first transparent substrate, a second transparent substrate, and an adhesive layer, wherein the adhesive layer is bonded between the first transparent substrate and the second transparent substrate. Both the first and second transparent substrates are 1.8mm thick transparent glass (1.8C), processed according to automotive glass forming technology. The adhesive layer is made of 0.76mm thick transparent PVB. The first transparent substrate, adhesive layer, and second transparent substrate are laminated and processed using automotive glass manufacturing technology to obtain the parameters shown in Table 3. Table 3 shows the parameters of the vehicle window glass in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4.

[0162] The vehicle window glass in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 is used in the AR-HUD system. The vehicle window glass has a head-up display area. Projection light is projected onto the head-up display area using a projection light source to form an observable HUD image.

[0163] Table 3: Window glass parameters in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0164]

[0165]

[0166] The smoothness of the head-up display area in Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4 does not meet the requirements for HUD use. In Comparative Example 3, the distortion range PVgt of the head-up display area is greater than 1.5 mrad and the maximum adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_max is greater than 1.5 mrad / 100 mm. In Comparative Example 4, the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max of the head-up display area is greater than 3.0 mrad, the distortion range PVgt is greater than 1.5 mrad and the maximum adjacent distortion fluctuation ROCnt_max is greater than 1.5 mrad / 100 mm.

[0167] The smoothness of the head-up display area in both Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 meets the requirements for HUD use. The head-up display areas in Embodiment 3 and Embodiment 4 meet the following conditions:

[0168] The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad;

[0169] Cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm;

[0170] The maximum adjacent torsional ripple ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm;

[0171] The distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad.

[0172] This application evaluates HUD imaging quality by employing specific HUD evaluation functions to quantify and calculate HUD image quality, including ghosting, distortion, sharpness, and color. Typically, this is accomplished through actual testing using a dedicated HUD imaging testing system or simulation based on the actual glass surface shape. To facilitate the quantitative evaluation of HUD imaging quality, the HUD image is divided into a grid, for example, a 9-row × 21-column dot matrix line drawing. Since fluctuations in glass surface shape deviation primarily affect the distortion of the HUD main image, this HUD imaging quality specifically refers to the quality of the distortion of the HUD main image pattern. The tolerances for the following HUD imaging test items represent the expected targets set in this analysis; meeting these expected targets indicates that the HUD glass has good imaging quality.

[0173] Based on the evaluation parameters of Examples 1-2, the HUD imaging quality of the head-up display area of ​​the vehicle windows in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4 was evaluated, and the evaluation results are recorded in Table 4. The negative sign "-" in Tables 3 and 4 only indicates direction and does not indicate numerical value; only numerical values ​​are compared during the evaluation.

[0174] Table 4: Evaluation results of HUD imaging quality of the head-up display area of ​​the vehicle window glass in Examples 3-4 and Comparative Examples 3-4

[0175]

[0176]

[0177] As can be seen from Tables 3 and 4, the smoothness of the head-up display area in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 does not meet the requirements for HUD use, and at least one of the HUD imaging quality evaluation indicators in Comparative Examples 3 and 4 fails to meet the standard. In contrast, the smoothness of the head-up display area in Examples 3 and 4 meets the requirements for HUD use, and all HUD imaging quality evaluation indicators in Examples 3 and 4 meet the standards. Examples 3 and 4 exhibit good HUD imaging effects and excellent HUD imaging quality.

[0178] Compared with Examples 3 and 4, Comparative Examples 3 and 4 have some of the four parameters of the smoothness of the head-up display area that are even better than those of Examples 3 and 4. However, if one or more parameters are not up to standard, it reflects that the surface smoothness of the head-up display area is not good, and it is more difficult to obtain a good HUD imaging effect.

[0179] As can be seen from Comparative Examples 1-4 and Examples 1-4, the four parameters for determining the smoothness of the head-up display area can accurately and completely reflect the surface smoothness. Incomplete use of parameters may lead to an inability to effectively assess the relationship between smoothness and HUD imaging quality, or even result in misjudgment. The four parameters for determining the smoothness of the head-up display area can provide production guidance for high-quality HUD imaging and are beneficial to improving HUD imaging quality.

[0180] Although embodiments of this application have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting this application. Those skilled in the art can make changes, modifications, substitutions and variations to the above embodiments within the scope of this application, and such improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A type of vehicle window glass, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass has a transparent area, and the visible light transmittance of the transparent area is greater than or equal to 70%. The perspective area has at least one head-up display area; The head-up display area is defined to have m transverse sections arranged sequentially along the longitudinal direction and n longitudinal sections arranged sequentially along the transverse direction, 1≤i≤m, 1≤j≤n; The m transverse sections and the n longitudinal sections satisfy the following conditions: The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max ≤ 3mrad; Cross-sectional range PVs ≤ 0.6 mm; The maximum adjacent torsional ripple ROCnt_max ≤ 1.5 mrad / 100 mm; The distortion range PVgt ≤ 1.5 mrad.

2. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The m transverse sections have a maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max, where ROCs_h_max ≤ 3 mrad; the n longitudinal sections have a maximum longitudinal fluctuation ROCs_v_max, where ROCs_v_max ≤ 2.5 mrad. The maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_max is the maximum value between the maximum cross-sectional fluctuation ROCs_h_max and the maximum longitudinal fluctuation ROCs_v_max.

3. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 2, characterized in that, ROCs_h_max≤2.5mrad, or ROCs_h_max≤2mrad; ROCs_v_max≤2mrad, or ROCs_v_max≤1.5mrad.

4. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The m transverse sections have a cross-sectional range PVs_h, where PVs_h ≤ 0.5 mm; the n longitudinal sections have a longitudinal range PVs_v, where PVs_v ≤ 0.6 mm. The cross-sectional range PVs is the maximum value between the cross-sectional range PVs_h and the longitudinal range PVs_v.

5. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 4, characterized in that, PVs_h≤0.4mm, or PVs_h≤0.3mm, or PVs_h≤0.25mm; PVs_v≤0.5mm, or PVs_v≤0.4mm, or PVs_v≤0.3mm, or PVs_v≤0.2mm.

6. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The m transverse sections have the maximum longitudinal adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max; the n longitudinal sections have the maximum transverse adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max; The maximum adjacent longitudinal torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max is equal to the maximum adjacent transverse torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max. The maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max is either the maximum adjacent longitudinal torsional fluctuation ROCnt_v_max or the maximum adjacent transverse torsional fluctuation ROCnt_h_max. The maximum adjacent torsional fluctuation ROCnt_max is ≤1.25mrad / 100mm, or ≤1mrad / 100mm, or ≤0.75mrad / 100mm.

7. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The m transverse sections have a longitudinal torsion range PVgt_v, where PVgt_v ≤ 1.5 mrad; the n longitudinal sections have a transverse torsion range PVgt_h, where PVgt_h ≤ 1.5 mrad; The tortuosity range PVgt is the maximum value between the longitudinal tortuosity range PVgt_v and the transverse tortuosity range PVgt_h.

8. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 7, characterized in that, PVgt_v≤1.25mrad, or PVgt_v≤1.05mrad; PVgt_h≤1.25mrad, or PVgt_h≤1.15mrad, PVgt_h≤1mrad.

9. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing between adjacent transverse sections and the spacing between adjacent longitudinal sections are both L, with a spacing of L = 20mm to 25mm.

10. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also has a shielding area, the visible light transmittance of the shielding area is less than or equal to 5%, and the distance between the shielding area and the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 20mm.

11. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass also has a functional layer that covers the head-up display area. The distance between the boundary of the functional layer and the boundary of the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 20 mm, or the distance between the boundary of the functional layer and the boundary of the head-up display area is greater than or equal to 50 mm.

12. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The vehicle window glass meets at least one of the following conditions: (1) The installation angle of the vehicle window glass is greater than or equal to 24°; (2) The central spherical surface value of the vehicle window glass is less than or equal to 25 mm / m; (3) The height of the A-pillar of the vehicle window glass is less than or equal to 30mm / m; (4) The arch height of the window glass is less than or equal to 165mm; (5) The minimum radius of curvature of the window glass is greater than or equal to 1000 mm.

13. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of curvature Rx of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction satisfies the following condition: Rx≥8000mm; And / or, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Rx_max of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction to the minimum radius of curvature Rx_min of the head-up display area in the longitudinal direction satisfies the following relationship: Rx_max / Rx_min≤1.

1.

14. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The radius of curvature Ry of the head-up display area in the lateral direction satisfies the following condition: Ry≥3000mm; And / or, the ratio of the maximum radius of curvature Ry_max of the head-up display area in the lateral direction to the minimum radius of curvature Ry_min of the head-up display area in the lateral direction satisfies the following relationship: Ry_max / Ry_min≤1.

1.

15. The vehicle window glass as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The head-up display area has a uniformly increasing or decreasing radius of curvature in the longitudinal direction, and / or the head-up display area has a uniformly increasing or decreasing radius of curvature in the transverse direction.

16. A head-up display system, characterized in that, The head-up display system includes a projection light source and a vehicle window glass as described in any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the projection light source is used to emit projection light to the head-up display area, and the head-up display area is used to reflect the projection light to form a head-up display image.

17. A vehicle, characterized in that, The vehicle includes a frame and a head-up display system as described in claim 16, wherein the window glass is mounted at an opening in the frame and the projection light source is mounted inside the vehicle.

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