Locking device, separation device and aerospace equipment

Abstract

The present invention provides a locking device, a separation device, and aerospace equipment, which relate to the field of aerospace technology. The locking device includes a locking main structure, which includes a fixed base, a rotating shell, and a driving member. The fixed base is connected to the separation plate, the rotating shell is rotatably connected to the fixed base, and the driving member is connected between the fixed base and the rotating shell. The driving member is used to drive the rotating shell to rotate relative to the fixed base. The locking mating structure includes a base, a locking rod, and a torsion spring. The base is connected to the main plate, the locking rod is rotatably connected to the base, and the torsion spring is provided between the locking rod and the base. A limiting portion is provided on the rotating shell, the locking rod is used to be clamped to the limiting portion under the action of the torsion spring, and the driving member is used to drive the rotating shell to rotate relative to the fixed base after being heated. Compared with the existing technology, the locking device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, and reliable performance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aerospace technology, and in particular to a locking device, a separating device and aerospace equipment. Background Art

[0002] With the recent development of automation, miniaturization, and intelligence in locking structures, the locking field has basically adopted a mechanical plus electrical locking mode. Specifically, a sensor senses a locking signal, and the signal is output to the locking actuator to drive the locking pin to lock. The above locking method has the following shortcomings: First, an additional power source is required or the power source of the output motion undergoes a complex conversion; second, this method is complex in structure, which reduces reliability and increases space dimensions. In particular, the locking devices required in the aerospace field have requirements such as simplicity, lightness, and reliability. If a mechanical mechanism is used for locking, the metal parts will make the weight too heavy, and the structure will be complex and easy to damage. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The problem to be solved by the present invention is: how to provide a locking device with a simple structure, light weight and reliable performance.

[0004] The present invention provides a locking device applied to a separation device, wherein the separation device includes a main plate, a separation plate, and a separation spring arranged between the main plate and the separation plate. The locking device includes:

[0005] A locking body structure, comprising a fixed base, a rotating shell, and a driving member, wherein the fixed base is connected to the separation plate, the rotating shell is rotatably connected to the fixed base, and the driving member is connected between the fixed base and the rotating shell, wherein the driving member is made based on a 4D-printed shape memory composite material and is configured to spontaneously transform its shape upon heating to drive the rotating shell to rotate relative to the fixed base;

[0006] A locking and fitting structure, comprising a base, a locking rod, and a torsion spring, wherein the base is connected to the main plate, the locking rod is rotatably connected to the base, and the torsion spring is disposed between the locking rod and the base;

[0007] A limiting portion is provided on the rotating housing, the locking rod is used to be clamped in the limiting portion under the action of the torsion spring, and the driving member is used to drive the rotating housing to rotate relative to the fixed base after being heated so that the locking rod is disengaged from the limiting portion.

[0008] The locking device provided by the present invention has, but is not limited to, the following beneficial effects compared to the prior art:

[0009] The locking device described in the present invention is applied to a separation device, which can be a separation device in the satellite field, wherein the separation device includes a main plate, a separation plate and a separation spring arranged between the main plate and the separation plate. The locking device is used to be installed between the main plate and the separation plate, so that the separation spring between the main plate and the separation plate is in a compressed state. When the locking device is unlocked, the separation spring can eject the separation plate. Specifically, the locking device includes a locking main structure installed on the separation plate and a locking matching structure installed on the main plate, wherein the locking rod on the locking matching structure can be engaged with the limiting part of the rotating shell on the locking main structure to limit the movement of the separation plate in the direction away from the main plate under the elastic force of the separation spring, wherein the driving member arranged between the fixed base and the rotating shell can spontaneously complete the shape transformation after being heated (for example, the spacecraft generates heat by friction with the air during the launch process). During this process, the driving member will drive the rotating shell to rotate relative to the fixed base, so that the locking rod can be disengaged from the limiting part, so that the locking rod and the rotating shell no longer interfere with each other, and the overall structure is unlocked. In this way, the separation spring will eject the separation plate under the action of the spring force, completing the separation action of the separation device. Compared with the existing technology, the locking device of the present invention does not require an external power source to achieve locking and unlocking actions. The driving member is made based on 4D printed shape memory composite materials. 4D printing has the ability to achieve active deformation without external force input, that is, locking and unlocking are achieved through the shape memory effect. Moreover, the locking device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and reliable performance.

[0010] Optionally, the fixed base has a semi-disc-shaped structure, and a sliding groove is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed base. The rotating shell has a disc-shaped structure, and the disc-shaped structure is coaxially arranged with the semi-disc-shaped structure. The rotating shell is a hollow shell with an opening at one end toward the fixed base. The driving member is arranged in the hollow shell, and the opening edge of the rotating shell is bent into the hollow shell to form a protruding structure, and the protruding structure is slidably connected in the sliding groove.

[0011] Optionally, the driving member includes a bellows portion and two fixed portions connected to both ends of the bellows portion, the two fixed portions are respectively connected to the fixed base and the rotating shell, the bellows portion is made based on 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the bellows portion is used to shrink and deform after being heated to drive the rotating shell to rotate relative to the fixed base.

[0012] Optionally, when the rotating shell is in a locked state relative to the fixed base, the bellows portion is an elongated U-shaped structure; when the bellows portion undergoes a shape change due to heat, the bellows portion is gradually compressed into a cylindrical structure.

[0013] Optionally, the locking rod includes a round rod portion and a ball head portion connected to one end of the round rod portion, and the rotating housing is provided with a U-shaped through groove extending along its side wall to a center position, and the U-shaped through groove is configured as the limiting portion;

[0014] The diameter of the ball head is larger than the width of the U-shaped slot. When the locking rod is clamped on the limiting portion, the round rod portion passes through the U-shaped slot and abuts against the bottom wall of the U-shaped slot under the action of the torsion spring.

[0015] Optionally, the driving member is used to drive the rotating housing to rotate 180° around its own axis, so that the locking rod is separated from the limiting portion.

[0016] Optionally, the locking main structure further includes a limiting sheet layer, one end of the limiting sheet layer is connected to the rotating shell, and the side wall of the limiting sheet layer is used to abut against the fixed base to limit the rotation of the rotating shell relative to the fixed base, wherein the limiting sheet layer is made based on a 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the limiting sheet layer is used to spontaneously complete the shape transformation after heating to release the limit on the rotating shell.

[0017] Optionally, the limiting sheet layer is configured to undergo a morphological change earlier than the driving member under stimulation of the same temperature condition.

[0018] In addition, the present invention also provides a separation device, comprising a main body plate, a separation plate, a separation spring and the locking device as described above.

[0019] Since the technical improvements and technical effects of the separation device are the same as those of the locking device, the technical effects of the separation device will not be described in detail.

[0020] In addition, the present invention also provides an aerospace equipment, comprising the separation device as described above.

[0021] Since the technical improvements and technical effects achieved by the aerospace equipment are the same as those of the separation device, the technical effects of the aerospace equipment will not be described in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a locking device according to an embodiment of the present invention applied to a separation device;

[0023] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the locking body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0024] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the locking body structure according to an embodiment of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0025] Figure 4 An exploded view of the locking main structure of an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the locking main structure and the locking matching structure in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 6 An exploded view of the locking and fitting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of a driving member in a locked state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the structure of the driving member in the unlocked state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Description of reference numerals:

[0031] 1. Fixed base; 11. Slide groove; 2. Rotating shell; 21. Raised structure; 22. U-shaped through groove; 3. Driving part; 31. Bellows part; 32. Fixed part; 4. Base; 5. Locking rod; 51. Round rod part; 52. Ball head part; 6. Torsion spring; 7. Limiting plate layer; 100. Main plate; 200. Separation plate; 300. Separation spring. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] In the description of the present invention, the directions or positional relationships indicated by “up”, “down”, “left”, “right”, “top”, “bottom”, “front”, “back”, “inside” and “outside” are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention. They do not indicate or imply that the device referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction. Therefore, they should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood broadly. For example, they may refer to fixed, detachable, or integral connections; mechanical connections; direct connections or indirect connections via an intermediate medium; and internal communication between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0035] Throughout this specification, references to terms such as "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and "an implementation" indicate that the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described in conjunction with that embodiment or implementation are included in at least one embodiment or implementation of the present invention. In this specification, schematic representations of these terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or implementation. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or implementations.

[0036] Moreover, the Z axis in the drawings represents the vertical direction, that is, the up and down position, and the positive direction of the Z axis (that is, the direction of the arrow of the Z axis) represents the top, and the negative direction of the Z axis (that is, the direction opposite to the positive direction of the Z axis) represents the bottom.

[0037] It should also be noted that the aforementioned Z-axis representation is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0038] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the locking device of the embodiment of the present invention is applied to a separation device, which includes a main plate 100, a separation plate 200, and a separation spring 300 arranged between the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200. It is characterized in that the locking device includes:

[0039] A locking main structure, comprising a fixed base 1, a rotating shell 2, and a driving member 3. The fixed base 1 is connected to the separation plate 200, the rotating shell 2 is rotatably connected to the fixed base 1, and the driving member 3 is connected between the fixed base 1 and the rotating shell 2. The driving member 3 is made based on a 4D-printed shape memory composite material and is configured to spontaneously transform its shape upon heating to drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1.

[0040] A locking mating structure, comprising a base 4, a locking rod 5, and a torsion spring 6. The base 4 is connected to the main plate 100, the locking rod 5 is rotatably connected to the base 4, and the torsion spring 6 is disposed between the locking rod 5 and the base 4. The torsion spring 6 is used to cause the locking rod 5 to rotate toward the locking main structure.

[0041] A limiting portion is provided on the rotating shell 2, and the locking rod 5 is used to rotate toward the limiting portion and be clamped to the limiting portion under the action of the torsion spring 6, so as to limit the movement of the separation plate 200 toward the direction away from the main plate 100 under the elastic force of the separation spring 300, and the driving member 3 is used to drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1 after being heated, so that the locking rod 5 disengages from the limiting portion.

[0042] In this embodiment, combined with the Figures 1 to 8 As shown, the locking device can be applied to a separation device, which can be a separation device in the satellite field, wherein the separation device includes a main plate 100, a separation plate 200 and a separation spring 300 arranged between the main plate and the separation plate. The locking device is used to be installed between the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200, so that the separation spring 300 between the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200 is in a compressed state. When the locking device is unlocked, the separation spring 300 can eject the separation plate 200. Specifically, the locking device includes a locking main structure installed on the separation plate 100 and a locking matching structure installed on the main plate 100, wherein the locking rod 5 on the locking matching structure can be engaged with the limiting portion of the rotating shell 2 on the locking main structure to limit the separation plate 200 from moving in a direction away from the main plate 100 under the elastic force of the separation spring 300, wherein the driving member 3 arranged between the fixed base 1 and the rotating shell 2 can spontaneously complete the shape transformation after being heated (for example, the spacecraft generates heat by friction with the air during the launch process). During this process, the driving member 3 will drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1, so that the locking rod 5 can be disengaged from the limiting portion, so that the locking rod 5 and the rotating shell 2 no longer interfere with each other, thereby realizing the unlocking of the overall structure. In this way, the separation spring 300 will eject the separation plate 200 under the action of the spring force, completing the separation action of the separation device. Compared with the existing technology, the locking device of the present invention does not require an external power source to achieve locking and unlocking actions. The driving member is made based on 4D printed shape memory composite materials. 4D printing has the ability to achieve active deformation without external force input, that is, locking and unlocking are achieved through the shape memory effect. Moreover, the locking device of the present invention has the advantages of simple structure, light weight and reliable performance.

[0043] In other embodiments, an active heating element such as a heating plate can be installed on the driving member 3, which still has the advantages of simple structure and light weight compared to devices that use external power sources to achieve locking and unlocking actions.

[0044] The driving element 3 is made based on 4D printing shape memory composite materials, in which 4D printing uses smart materials that can respond to changes in the external environment (i.e. electric field, magnetic field, temperature, humidity, pH, etc.). Or a specific printing process is used to make the printed component respond to external stimuli and change its geometric dimensions and internal structure. 4D printing can achieve the response of components to changes in the external environment by using shape memory materials with different properties. This reaction is the "driving" effect of external stimuli on the material. Research on 4D printing mainly focuses on the development of smart materials that can respond to external stimuli. At present, the materials that are widely used in 4D printing are shape memory polymers, natural fibers, and shape memory alloys. By combining the intelligent properties of materials with enhanced manufacturing technology, the overall response of the product to external stimuli can be achieved.

[0045] The driver 3 is made from a 4D-printed shape memory composite material, which can be a shape memory polymer (SMP), a new type of intelligent material that has the ability to maintain temporary deformation under different external environmental stimuli (such as heat, light, and magnetism). When subjected to the same external stimulus again, it can return to its original shape, thereby demonstrating a memory function for the initial shape. The foldable active metamaterial made from 4D-printed SMP and shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) has the ability to autonomously return to its original shape under external environmental stimuli without the need for external loading, and can achieve large deformations such as bending and folding.

[0046] Optionally, the fixed base 1 has a semi-disc-shaped structure, and a slide groove 11 is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed base 1. The rotating shell 2 has a disc-shaped structure, and the disc-shaped structure is coaxially arranged with the semi-disc-shaped structure. The rotating shell 2 is a hollow shell with an opening at one end toward the fixed base 1. The driving member 3 is arranged in the hollow shell. The opening edge of the rotating shell 2 is bent into the hollow shell to form a protruding structure 21, and the protruding structure 21 is slidably connected to the slide groove 11.

[0047] In this embodiment, combined with the Figure 2 and attached Figure 4As shown, the fixed base 1 has a semi-disc-shaped structure, and a slide groove 11 is formed on the circumferential side wall (semi-circular side wall) of the fixed base 1. The rotating housing 2 has a disc-shaped structure, and its dimensions are compatible with the fixed base 1. The rotating housing 2 is a hollow shell with an open bottom, and its interior is used to accommodate the driving member 3. The bottom wall of the rotating housing 2 is bent inward to form a protrusion structure 21. This protrusion structure 21 matches the slide groove 11 on the fixed base 1, thereby allowing the rotating housing 2 to rotate about its central axis relative to the fixed base 1. It is understood that the rotating housing 2 can rotate about its own axis under the action of the driving member 3.

[0048] Optionally, the driving member 3 includes a bellows portion 31 and two fixed portions 32 connected to both ends of the bellows portion 31, the two fixed portions 32 are respectively connected to the fixed base 1 and the rotating shell 2, and the bellows portion 31 is made based on 4D printed shape memory composite materials. The bellows portion 31 is used to shrink and deform after being heated to drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1.

[0049] In this embodiment, combined with the Figure 2 , Attachment Figure 7 and attached Figure 8 As shown, the driving member 3 includes a bellows portion 31 and two fixing portions 32 connected to both ends of the bellows portion 31, wherein the bellows portion 31 is made based on 4D printed shape memory composite materials, and the bellows portion 31 can shrink and deform after being heated to drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1. Figure 7 The figure shows the initial state of the driving member 3, that is, in the locked state (see Figure 5 As shown), Figure 8 The figure shows the state of the driving member 3 after being deformed by heat, that is, in the unlocked state.

[0050] Optionally, when the rotating housing 2 is locked relative to the fixed base 1, the bellows portion 31 is an elongated U-shaped structure. When the bellows portion 31 undergoes a shape change due to heat, it gradually compresses into a cylindrical structure. In other words, the bellows portion 31's path of expansion and contraction is semicircular, which facilitates driving the rotating housing 2 to rotate along the semicircular path relative to the fixed base 1, thereby achieving a 180-degree rotation.

[0051] Optionally, the locking rod 5 includes a round rod portion 51 and a ball head portion 52 connected to one end of the round rod portion 51, and the rotating housing 2 is provided with a U-shaped through groove 22 extending along its side wall to the center position, and the U-shaped through groove 22 is configured as the limiting portion;

[0052] The diameter of the ball head 52 is larger than the width of the U-shaped slot 22. When the locking rod 5 is engaged with the limiting portion, the round rod portion 51 passes through the U-shaped slot 22 and abuts against the bottom wall of the U-shaped slot 22 under the action of the torsion spring 6.

[0053] In this embodiment, combined with the Figure 5 As shown, the locking rod 5 includes a round rod portion 51 and a portion connected to the upper end of the round rod portion 51 (attached Figure 5 The ball head 52 (in the positive direction of the center Z axis), i.e., the top end of the locking rod 5, is spherical. The diameter of the ball head 52 is slightly larger than the width of the U-shaped slot 22 on the rotating housing 2 to achieve vertical locking. The diameter of the round rod 51 is slightly smaller than the width of the U-shaped slot 22. It is used to pass through the U-shaped slot 22, and its side wall abuts the bottom of the U-shaped slot 22 to achieve horizontal locking. Because the U-shaped slot 22 extends to the center along the side wall of the rotating housing 2, when the round rod 51 is engaged and locked with the U-shaped slot 22, the round rod 51 is located at the center axis of the U-shaped slot 22. This prevents the round rod 51 from interfering with the rotation of the rotating housing 2.

[0054] Optionally, the driving member 3 is used to drive the rotating housing 2 to rotate 180° around its own axis.

[0055] In this embodiment, combined with the Figure 5 As shown, attached Figure 5 The state is the state when the locking device is in a locked state. When the driving member 3 drives the rotating housing 2 to rotate 180 degrees around its own axis, the positions of the notch and the bottom of the U-shaped through groove 22 are interchanged, and the torsion spring 6 can drive the locking rod 5 to rotate and rotate out of the notch of the U-shaped through groove 22 from the notch of the U-shaped through groove 22, thereby disengaging from the U-shaped through groove 22 of the rotating housing 2 to achieve the unlocking action.

[0056] Optionally, the locking main structure further includes a limiting sheet layer 7, one end of the limiting sheet layer 7 is connected to the rotating shell 2, and the side wall of the limiting sheet layer 7 is used to abut against the fixed base 1 to limit the rotation of the rotating shell 2 relative to the fixed base 1, wherein the limiting sheet layer 7 is made based on a 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the limiting sheet layer 7 is used to spontaneously complete the shape transformation after being heated to release the limit on the rotating shell 2.

[0057] In this embodiment, combined with the Figures 2 to 4As shown, the limiting plate 7 is made of a 4D-printed shape-memory composite material. In the locked state, the locking plate 7 is flat, and its sidewalls abut against the fixed base 1 to restrict the rotation of the rotating housing 2 relative to the fixed base 1, thus achieving the locking function. When unlocking is required, the limiting plate 7 spontaneously transforms its shape after being heated, eliminating interference between the limiting plate 7 and the fixed base 1, thereby releasing the restraint on the rotating housing 2.

[0058] Optionally, the limiting sheet layer 7 is configured to undergo a morphological change earlier than the driving member 3 under the stimulation of the same temperature condition.

[0059] In this embodiment, the function of the limiting layer 7 is to prevent the rotating shell 2 from rotating relative to the fixed base 1 when it is in the locked state, thereby ensuring the stability of the locked state. When unlocking is required, the limiting layer 7 needs to undergo a morphological change earlier than the driving member 3 under the stimulation of the same temperature conditions, thereby ensuring that the driving member 3 can smoothly drive the rotating shell 2 to rotate relative to the fixed base 1.

[0060] In addition, the present invention further provides a separation device, comprising a main plate 100, a separation plate 200, a separation spring 300 and the locking device as described above.

[0061] In this embodiment, combined with the Figure 1 As shown, multiple locking devices can be arranged at intervals between the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200. For example, the four corners of the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200 are respectively provided with the locking devices. The multiple locking devices jointly realize the locking and unlocking between the main plate 100 and the separation plate 200.

[0062] Since the technical improvements and technical effects of the separation device are the same as those of the locking device, the technical effects of the separation device will not be described in detail.

[0063] In addition, the present invention also provides an aerospace equipment, comprising the separation device as described above.

[0064] Since the technical improvements and technical effects achieved by the aerospace equipment are the same as those of the separation device, the technical effects of the aerospace equipment will not be described in detail.

[0065] Although the present invention is disclosed as above, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art may make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and these changes and modifications will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A locking device, applied to a separation device, the separation device comprising a main plate (100), a separation plate (200), and a separation spring (300) arranged between the main plate (100) and the separation plate (200), characterized in that: The locking device comprises: A locking main body structure, the locking main body structure comprising a fixed base (1), a rotating shell (2) and a driving member (3), the fixed base (1) being connected to the separation plate (200), the rotating shell (2) being rotatably connected to the fixed base (1), the driving member (3) being connected between the fixed base (1) and the rotating shell (2), wherein the driving member (3) is made based on a 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the driving member (3) is used to spontaneously complete a shape transformation after being heated, so as to drive the rotating shell (2) to rotate relative to the fixed base (1); A locking matching structure, the locking matching structure comprising a base (4), a locking rod (5) and a torsion spring (6), the base (4) being connected to the main plate (100), the locking rod (5) being rotatably connected to the base (4), and the torsion spring (6) being arranged between the locking rod (5) and the base (4); A limiting portion is provided on the rotating housing (2); the locking rod (5) is used to be engaged with the limiting portion under the action of the torsion spring (6); and the driving member (3) is used to drive the rotating housing (2) to rotate relative to the fixed base (1) after being heated, so that the locking rod (5) is disengaged from the limiting portion.

2. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fixed base (1) is a semi-disc-shaped structure, and a chute (11) is provided on the circumferential side wall of the fixed base (1). The rotating shell (2) is a disc-shaped structure, and the disc-shaped structure is coaxially arranged with the semi-disc-shaped structure. The rotating shell (2) is a hollow shell with an opening toward one end of the fixed base (1). The driving member (3) is arranged in the hollow shell. The opening edge of the rotating shell (2) is bent into the hollow shell to form a protruding structure (21), and the protruding structure (21) is slidably connected in the chute (11).

3. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving member (3) comprises a bellows portion (31) and two fixing portions (32) connected to both ends of the bellows portion (31), the two fixing portions (32) being connected to the fixed base (1) and the rotating shell (2) respectively, the bellows portion (31) being made based on a 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the bellows portion (31) being used to shrink and deform after being heated, so as to drive the rotating shell (2) to rotate relative to the fixed base (1).

4. The locking device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the rotating housing (2) is in a locked state relative to the fixed base (1), the bellows portion (31) is an elongated U-shaped structure; when the bellows portion (31) undergoes a shape change due to heat, the bellows portion (31) is gradually compressed into a cylindrical structure.

5. The locking device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The locking rod (5) comprises a round rod portion (51) and a ball head portion (52) connected to one end of the round rod portion (51); the rotating housing (2) is provided with a U-shaped through groove (22) extending along its side wall to a central position; the U-shaped through groove (22) is configured as the limiting portion; The diameter of the ball head (52) is larger than the width of the U-shaped slot (22). When the locking rod (5) is engaged with the limiting portion, the round rod portion (51) passes through the U-shaped slot (22) and abuts against the bottom wall of the U-shaped slot (22) under the action of the torsion spring (6).

6. The locking device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The driving member (3) is used to drive the rotating housing (2) to rotate 180° around its own axis, so that the locking rod (5) is separated from the limiting portion.

7. The locking device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking main body structure further comprises a limiting sheet layer (7), one end of the limiting sheet layer (7) is connected to the rotating shell (2), and the side wall of the limiting sheet layer (7) is used to abut against the fixed base (1) to limit the rotation of the rotating shell (2) relative to the fixed base (1), wherein the limiting sheet layer (7) is made based on a 4D printed shape memory composite material, and the limiting sheet layer (7) is used to spontaneously complete the transformation of the shape after being heated to release the limit on the rotating shell (2).

8. The locking device according to claim 7, characterized in that: The limiting sheet layer (7) is used to undergo a morphological change earlier than the driving member (3) under the stimulation of the same temperature conditions.

9. A separation device, characterized in that: The invention comprises a main body plate (100), a separation plate (200), a separation spring (300) and a locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. An aerospace device, characterized in that: Comprising the separation device as claimed in claim 9.

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