A martensitic elastic alloy with high mechanical quality factor

Abstract

The present invention relates to a martensitic elastic alloy with a high mechanical quality factor. The weight percentage content of each component is as follows: Ni: 20.0 - 30.0%; Co: 5.0 - 15.0%; Mo: 4.0 - 10.0%; W: 2.0 - 4.0%; Cr: 1.0 - 3.0%; Mn: 1.0 - 3.0%; C: ≤0.03%; Si: ≤0.4%; Al: ≤0.4%; P: ≤0.04%; S: ≤0.04%; Fe: the balance. For the martensitic elastic alloy with a high mechanical quality factor of the present invention, the mechanical quality factor ≥ 43000, the hardness ≥ 440 HBW, the elastic performance is good, the Young's modulus > 170 GPa, the frequency temperature coefficient ≤ 3×10-5 / °C, the grain size grade is 7, and it is applicable to precision sensor devices for aviation with special requirements and other precision instrument devices with the said requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, and in particular to a martensitic elastic alloy with a high mechanical quality factor. Background Art

[0002] The main characteristics of high quality factor alloys are low vibration damping and high energy transmission capacity. They are mainly used in mechanical filter oscillator materials, precision sensors, pressure measurement, force measurement instrument hairsprings, etc.

[0003] The mechanical quality factor is a dimensionless physical quantity used to characterize the energy loss of a material during vibration. Its value reflects the energy consumed by the material to overcome internal friction during resonance and is an important parameter for measuring the mechanical loss of the material. The smaller the mechanical quality factor, the greater the mechanical loss of the material, and vice versa. At present, the main elastic alloys with high mechanical quality factors are:

[0004] 1.Fe-Ni-Mo alloy: Typical grades include Ni44Mo7TiAl. This alloy is austenitic and has a mechanical quality factor of about 25,000.

[0005] 2.Fe-Ni-Co alloy: Typical grades include: Ni32Co16Cr6. This alloy is austenitic and has a mechanical quality factor of about 36,000.

[0006] Generally speaking, the current high mechanical quality alloys are austenitic structures. After cold drawing, intermetallic compounds are precipitated during aging to improve the mechanical quality factor, and the strength and hardness are slightly lower.

[0007] In order to meet the needs of the new generation of high-precision, high-performance aviation precision sensor equipment for high mechanical quality factor and high-strength alloys, a high mechanical quality factor and high-strength elastic alloy with a mechanical quality factor ≥ 43000 and a hardness ≥ 440HBW is required. At the same time, the alloy must meet the following requirements: Young's modulus ≥ 170GPa, frequency temperature coefficient ≤ 3×10 -5 / ℃, grain size is better than grade 5.

[0008] However, there are currently no materials on the market that meet the above performance requirements, and they need to be developed urgently. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The mechanical quality factor of the alloy is ≥43000, the hardness is ≥440HBW, and the alloy has a higher elastic modulus and a smaller average grain size. The alloy can be applied to precision sensor equipment for aviation with special requirements and other precision instruments and equipment with the above requirements.

[0010] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0011] A high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is,

[0012] Ni: 20.0~30.0%; Co: 5.0~15.0%; Mo: 4.0~10.0%; W: 2.0~4.0%; Cr: 1.0~3.0%; Mn: 1.0~3.0%; C: ≤0.03%; Si: ≤0.4%; Al: ≤0.4%; P: ≤0.04%; S: ≤0.04%; Fe: balance.

[0013] A better technical solution is that the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is,

[0014] Ni: 24.0~28.0%; Co: 10.0~13.0%; Mo: 5.0~7.0%; W: 2.2~3.5%; Cr: 1.5~2.5%; Mn: 1.5~2.5%; C: ≤0.01%; Si: ≤0.3%; Al: ≤0.2%; P: 0~0.03%; S: 0~0.01%; Fe: balance.

[0015] A better technical solution is that the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is,

[0016] Ni: 26.99%; Co: 11.58%; Mo: 5.54%; W: 2.50%; Cr: 1.99%; Mn: 2.25%; C: 0.0056%; Si: 0.244%; Al: 0.108%; Fe: balance.

[0017] The method for preparing high mechanical quality factor alloy is as follows:

[0018] 1) Smelting

[0019] Take each component according to the above ratio and carry out vacuum induction melting;

[0020] First Refining

[0021] Add bottom materials in the furnace: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, W, and melt into molten steel at a temperature of 1550℃~1600℃ and a vacuum degree of ≤10Pa at a time of 0.6~0.8min / kg;

[0022] Second Refining

[0023] Add the remaining alloy elements into the furnace, stir thoroughly, and heat to 1500℃~1580℃. After the alloy is completely melted, control the vacuum degree to ≤5Pa, fill with argon gas for protection, let the molten steel stand, adjust the temperature to 1450℃, and pour quickly.

[0024] After electroslag remelting, CaF 2 -CaO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO quaternary slag system, remelting temperature is 1650℃~1750℃, remelting speed is 0.6~1.0Kg / min;

[0025] Before the end of smelting, the power reduction method is used for heat shrinkage, and the shrinkage current reduction rate is 0.0015KA / S to obtain an alloy steel ingot;

[0026] 2) Forging

[0027] Step 1) the alloy steel ingot is forged into a square billet at a temperature of 950° C. to 1150° C. for 60 to 120 minutes with a starting forging temperature of ≥1100° C. and a final forging temperature of ≥850° C.;

[0028] 3) Hot rolling

[0029] Step 2) The forged billet is then hot rolled into φ52 +2 mm bar, and then turned into φ51 +0.5 mm bar, of which the cold-drawn chuck is turned into φ39 +1 mm×120 +20 mm is slightly smaller than the finished product size;

[0030] 4) Solution treatment

[0031] Step 3) the obtained rod is subjected to solution annealing treatment at a temperature of 950°C to 1050°C and a holding time of 50 to 90 minutes. The holding time varies according to the diameter of the rod and is calculated by increasing the time by 30 minutes for every 25 mm of diameter. Water cooling;

[0032] 5) Cold drawing

[0033] The alloy obtained in step 4) is further cold drawn into a rod with a deformation amount of 30-50%, thereby obtaining a high quality factor martensitic elastic alloy.

[0034] Step 1) The slag is CaF 2 :CaO 2 :Al 2 O 3 :MgO weight ratio is 75:10:10:5.

[0035] The remelting current in step 1) is 7±0.5KA and the voltage is 50±5V.

[0036] The diameter of the alloy steel ingot in step 1) is φ300 mm.

[0037] The square billet in step 2) is 95-100 mm×95-100 mm.

[0038] Step 3) The insulation temperature is 950° C. to 1150° C., and the insulation time is 60 to 120 minutes.

[0039] The alloy described in the present invention is a Fe-Ni-Co-Mo-W alloy containing Fe, Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, W and other elements designed according to the relationship between the influence of alloying elements on mechanical quality factor performance. At the same time, the performance is optimized by alloying elements such as C, Al, Mn, and a new type of high mechanical quality martensitic elastic alloy with a mechanical quality factor ≥43000 and a hardness ≥440HBW is successfully and stably prepared. The alloy described in the present invention is suitable for precision sensors for aviation that require a mechanical quality factor ≥43000 and a hardness ≥440HBW, and other precision instruments and equipment that have such mechanical quality factor performance requirements. The alloy is generally delivered as a cold-drawn polished rod, and the use state is the part aging state.

[0040] According to the influence of precipitation on the mechanical quality factor, the present invention can ensure that the mechanical quality factor of the alloy is high by controlling the content of elements such as Ni, Co, Mo, Cr, W, and Al in the precipitation hardening alloy.

[0041] By selecting high-purity raw materials, vacuum induction melting and electroslag remelting, the impurity elements of the alloy can be controlled and the purity of the alloy can be improved, which is beneficial to ensure the stability of the alloy performance.

[0042] Ni, Cr, and Al have a great influence on the elastic modulus. The ability of an object to restore its shape and size before deformation is called elasticity, which is a reflection of the bonding force between atoms. The bonding force between atoms is closely related to the atomic structure. In the periodic table, the number of outer electrons of atoms changes periodically, so the elastic modulus of metal elements also changes periodically with the atomic number. As the atomic number increases, the elastic modulus increases. Therefore, Ni, Cr, and Al have great benefits in improving the elastic modulus.

[0043] The addition of a small amount of Co, Mo, and W can precipitate intermetallic compounds during the aging process, and the precipitation phase formed with the matrix components can greatly improve the mechanical quality factor of the alloy. At the same time, Ni, Mo, W, Mn, and Cr reduce the martensitic transformation starting temperature Ms point (Ms point refers to the temperature at which austenite begins to transform into martensite), making it easier for the alloy to undergo cold treatment or plastic deformation (cold drawing) to produce martensitic phase transformation, and the subsequent aging treatment precipitates precipitation hardening phases such as intermetallic compounds, so that the alloy is further strengthened and has higher strength and hardness.

[0044] The addition of a small amount of Si has little effect on the mechanical quality factor of the alloy. At the same time, it can react chemically with the oxygen in the alloy during the smelting process to generate silicon oxide slag to discharge the molten steel and reduce the non-metallic inclusions in the alloy. The addition of too high a content of Si will lead to the deterioration of the processing plasticity of the alloy.

[0045] The addition of appropriate amounts of Al and Mn elements is beneficial to improving the hot working properties of the alloy. In this application, Mn is controlled at 1.5-2.5%; Al is ≤0.2%.

[0046] The applicant has experimentally verified that the alloy of the present invention has a mechanical quality factor of ≥43000, a hardness of ≥440 HBW, good elastic properties, a Young's modulus of >170 GPa, and a frequency temperature coefficient of ≤3×10 -5 / ℃, grain size grade 7, which is better than grade 5 described in the background technology, and is suitable for precision sensors for aviation with special requirements, and other precision instruments and equipment with the above requirements. Compared with the existing highest performance alloys of the same type, the alloy described in the present invention not only has good elastic properties, high purity and fine grain metallographic structure, but also has high mechanical quality factor performance that meets specific needs, filling the gap in high mechanical quality factor alloys in this area, and can solve some problems that other alloys cannot solve or solve well, thereby promoting technological progress and industrial development in related industries, and its economic and social benefits are significant. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Figure 1 The microstructure morphology (metallographic image) of the alloy of the present invention (100X);

[0048] Figure 2 The microstructure morphology (metallographic image) of the alloy of the present invention (500X). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The present invention will be further described below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described. Embodiment 1:

[0050] A new type of high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 26.16%; Co: 10.49%; Mo: 5.26%; W: 3.2%; Cr: 2.06%; Mn: 1.71%; C: 0.0073%; Si: 0.153%; Al: 0.049%; P: 0.024%; S: 0.0051%; Fe: balance.

[0051] The above-mentioned novel high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy is prepared by the following method:

[0052] 1) Smelting

[0053] Weigh each component according to the weight percentage of its chemical composition and perform vacuum induction melting;

[0054] First Refining

[0055] Add bottom materials in the furnace: Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, Mo, W, and melt into molten steel at a temperature of 1550°C and a vacuum degree of ≤10Pa at a time of 0.65min / kg;

[0056] Second Refining

[0057] Add the remaining alloy elements into the furnace, stir thoroughly, and set the temperature to 1500℃. After the alloy is completely melted, control the vacuum degree to ≤5Pa, fill with argon gas for protection, let the molten steel stand, adjust the temperature to 1450℃, and pour quickly;

[0058] After electroslag remelting, CaF 2 -CaO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -MgO quaternary slag system, remelting temperature is 1750℃, remelting speed is 0.9Kg / min;

[0059] Before the end of smelting, the power reduction method is used for heat shrinkage, and the shrinkage current reduction rate is 0.0015KA / S to obtain an alloy steel ingot;

[0060] 2) Forging

[0061] Step 1) the alloy steel ingot is forged into a square billet at 1120° C. for 90 minutes with a starting forging temperature of ≥1100° C. and a final forging temperature of ≥850° C.;

[0062] 3) Hot rolling

[0063] Step 2) The forged billet is then hot rolled into φ52 +2 mm bar, and then turned into φ51 +0.5 mm bar, of which the cold-drawn chuck is turned into φ39 +1 mm×120 +20 mm is slightly smaller than the finished product size;

[0064] 4) Solution treatment

[0065] Step 3) The obtained rod is subjected to solution annealing treatment at a temperature of 980°C and a holding time of 60 minutes. The holding time varies according to the diameter of the rod and is calculated by increasing the time by 30 minutes for every 25 mm of diameter. Water cooling is performed.

[0066] 5) Cold drawing

[0067] The alloy obtained in step 4) is further cold drawn into a rod with a deformation amount of 40% to obtain a high quality factor martensitic elastic alloy.

[0068] The microstructure morphology of the obtained alloy can be found in Figure 1 and Figure 2 .

[0069] The obtained alloy was tested by direct reading spectrum analysis, and the contents of each component are shown in the following table:

[0070] Embodiment 2:

[0071] A new type of high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 26.99%; Co: 11.58%; Mo: 5.54%; W: 2.50%; Cr: 1.99%; Mn: 2.25%; C: 0.0056%; Si: 0.244%; Al: 0.108%; P: 0.025%; S: 0.0058%; Fe: balance. The produced alloy ingots are hot-processed and cold-processed into alloy bars for use in elastic components.

[0072] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0073] The obtained alloy was tested by direct reading spectrum analysis, and the contents of each component are shown in the following table:

[0074] Embodiment 3:

[0075] A new type of high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 25.95%; Co: 10.56%; Mo: 5.26%; W: 3.19%; Cr: 1.99%; Mn: 1.63%; C: 0.0084%; Si: 0.145%; Al: 0.056%; P: 0.021%; S: 0.0050%; Fe: balance. The produced alloy ingots are hot-processed and cold-processed into alloy bars for use in elastic components.

[0076] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0077] The obtained alloy was tested by direct reading spectrum analysis, and the contents of each component are shown in the following table:

[0078] Embodiment 4:

[0079] A new type of high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, the weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 27.11%; Co: 11.62%; Mo: 5.70%; W: 2.58%; Cr: 2.00%; Mn: 2.28%; C: 0.0059%; Si: 0.292%; Al: 0.044%; P: 0.021%; S: 0.0047%; Fe: balance. The produced alloy ingots are hot-processed and cold-processed into alloy bars for use in elastic components.

[0080] The preparation method is the same as that of Example 1.

[0081] The obtained alloy was tested by direct reading spectrum analysis, and the contents of each component are shown in the following table:

[0082]

[0083] The alloys obtained in Examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 were tested for performance, and their performance is shown in Table 1.

[0084] Table 1 Properties of alloy after aging

[0085]

[0086] Conclusion: The alloy described in the present invention has a mechanical quality factor ≥43000, a hardness ≥440HBW, good elastic properties, a Young's modulus >170GPa, a frequency temperature coefficient ≤3×10-5 / ℃, and a grain size grade of 7, which is better than the grade 5 described in the background technology. It is suitable for precision sensors for aviation with special requirements, and other precision instruments and equipment with the above requirements.

[0087] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described, a person skilled in the art may make various variations or modifications within the scope of the attached claims. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection claimed in the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high mechanical quality factor martensitic elastic alloy, characterized in that: The weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 20.0~30.0%; Co: 5.0~15.0%; Mo: 4.0~10.0%; W: 2.0~4.0%; Cr: 1.0~3.0%; Mn: 1.0~3.0%; C: ≤0.03%; Si: ≤0.4%; Al: ≤0.4%; P: ≤0.04%; S: ≤0.04%; Fe: balance.

2. The alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 24.0~28.0%; Co: 10.0~13.0%; Mo: 5.0~7.0%; W: 2.2~3.5%; Cr: 1.5~2.5%; Mn: 1.5~2.5%; C: ≤0.01%; Si: ≤0.3%; Al: ≤0.2%; P: 0~0.03%; S: 0~0.01%; Fe: balance.

3. The alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that The weight percentage of each component of the alloy is: Ni: 26.99%; Co: 11.58%; Mo: 5.54%; W: 2.50%; Cr: 1.99%; Mn: 2.25%; C: 0.0056%; Si: 0.244%; Al: 0.108%; Fe: balance.

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