Binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees

Abstract

The invention discloses a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees, which comprises the following steps: a rootstock cutting method: cutting the old skin of a rootstock in the middle or slightly deviated position of the rootstock, and punching to a cambium by using a puncher; a scion cutting method: selecting new shoots for wrapping with wax liquid, and preserving moisture for storage; cutting a horse-ear-shaped large inclined surface at the base bud, reserving the bud, and cutting the lower part of the scion into a wedge surface; an inserting opening cutting method: peeling from a punching position in a manner of obliquely cutting a cortex in a triangular shape to a half scion thickness of a xylem at an interface; a forming layer of the scion is aligned with a forming layer of the stock, and the scion is inserted to the back surface of the stock; and sealing the wound: carrying out full-closed binding by using a polyurethane foaming agent. By standardizing the size of the wound of the rootstock, omitting a grafting plastic film and replacing the wound with the polyurethane foaming agent, the method has the advantages of saving labor and materials, being good in heat preservation effect and high in grafting survival rate, avoiding the problem of excessive wound caused by excessive root pressure, omitting a plastic film disassembling procedure, reducing the risk of infection of the tree body, and enabling the grafted tree to grow and bear fruits well.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant grafting, and in particular to a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees. Background Art

[0002] At present, the area of ​​old pear orchards in China accounts for more than 60%. Old varieties, closed orchards, and inability to mechanize have become the main problems faced by old pear orchards in upgrading, and it is urgent to carry out variety transformation and tree structure transformation. The transformation of older pear trees mostly adopts methods such as trunk cutting and cleft grafting, multi-head grafting, and main branch subcutaneous belly grafting. The crown recovery of trunk cutting and cleft grafting is slow and it is easy to cause tree death; multi-head grafting is grafted at the end of the fruiting branch group, and the crown recovery is fast. Since the main branch cannot be grafted, it is easy to cause the inner chamber to be empty; the main branch subcutaneous belly grafting can not only increase the inner chamber fruiting branches, but also quickly restore the crown, but the grafting site needs to be covered with film after grafting, and the survival rate is low. Main branch At present, the transformation of old pear orchards mainly adopts main branch subcutaneous belly grafting. This grafting technology has the problem of improper use of grafting film, which leads to serious wound flow, wound infection, and bark formation layer injury after grafting, affecting the normal growth of pear trees, and the later dismantling of the grafting plastic film is more polluted.

[0003] Therefore, how to provide a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees has become a technical problem that technical personnel in this field urgently need to solve. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees. By standardizing the size of the rootstock wound and eliminating the grafting plastic film, a polyurethane foaming agent is used instead, which saves labor and materials, has good thermal insulation effect, does not need to worry about excessive root pressure causing excessive wound flow, has a high grafting survival rate, and reduces a plastic film disassembly process, reduces the risk of tree infection, and the grafted tree can grow and bear fruit well.

[0005] The present invention solves the technical problem by adopting the following technical solution:

[0006] A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees comprises the following steps:

[0007] (a) Stock paring method: pare the old bark of the stock thinly in the middle or slightly off the stock, and use a hole puncher to punch holes down to the cambium layer;

[0008] (b) Scion cutting method: Wrap new shoots with wax liquid to keep them moisturized; cut a large bevel in the shape of a horse ear at the base bud, leaving the bud, and cut the lower part of the scion into a wedge surface;

[0009] (c) Socket cutting method: Cut the cortex in a triangular shape from the hole to the woody part of the interface to remove the bark to the size of half the thickness of the scion;

[0010] (d) Scion: The cambium of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the rootstock and inserted into the back of the rootstock;

[0011] (e) Wound sealing: Use polyurethane foam to perform full-closed bandage.

[0012] Furthermore, the puncher used in step (a) includes a handle, a cylindrical tube and a conical tube, wherein the conical tube is connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical tube, and the radius of the conical tube gradually decreases from one end close to the cylindrical tube to one end away from the cylindrical tube; the handle is connected to the outer wall of the cylindrical tube.

[0013] Furthermore, the conical tube is 2.5 cm long, the aperture of one end of the conical tube is 3 cm, and the aperture of the other end is 4 cm; the columnar tube is 4.5 cm long, and the aperture of the columnar tube is 4 cm.

[0014] Furthermore, in step (b), a mother tree of pure variety, healthy growth and no danger is selected, and new shoots of normal growth are selected from the middle of the outer crown, wrapped with wax liquid to keep moisturizing; a large horse ear-shaped bevel is cut at the base bud, leaving the bud, and the area 1.5-2.0 cm below the scion is cut and cut into a wedge surface.

[0015] Furthermore, in step (c), during the peeling process, when the scion is thick, the apex of the triangle is higher; when the scion is thin, the apex of the triangle is lower.

[0016] Furthermore, in step (d), the method for inserting the scion into the back of the stock is: the inclined surface of the scion is toward the wood part and the scion tip of the stock, and the scion is gently nailed into the skin from the interface, and the stock clamps the scion.

[0017] Furthermore, the specific method of step (e) is: using polyurethane foaming agent to completely seal and wrap the wound between the scion and the rootstock, and padding it with paper and pressing it tightly to ensure that the wound is completely sealed.

[0018] Furthermore, the weight proportion of the raw materials of the polyurethane foaming agent is as follows: 100-150 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 10-70 parts of foaming agent, 1-15 parts of catalyst, 10-30 parts of nanofiller, 1-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 2-10 parts of surfactant, and 2-10 parts of chlorinated paraffin.

[0019] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0020] (1) The binding-free bark grafting technology is of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of the future pear grafting industry in terms of high-grafting and replacement of inferior varieties with superior ones.

[0021] (2) A special punch is used to punch directly into the cambium layer without causing additional damage to the rootstock. It does not require extensive experience and technology, saving time and labor.

[0022] (3) By eliminating the plastic film and replacing it with a polyurethane foaming agent, it is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, thus reducing the plastic pollution rate during the grafting process.

[0023] (4) By using polyurethane foam to seal the wound, the insulation effect is good, which can effectively resist winter frost damage and spring cold spells. There is no need to worry about excessive root pressure causing fluid accumulation and skin rot, excessive wound flow, and affecting the survival rate.

[0024] (5) It reduces one process step, thus lowering the risk of tree infection. The wrapping materials and methods are simple and easy to learn, which facilitates technology promotion and the operation of changing pear tree varieties, thus reducing production costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the puncher of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram comparing the survival rate difference between the binding-free grafting method of the present invention and the traditional film-covered single bud belly grafting;

[0028] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram comparing the survival rates of wounds sealed without binding using polyurethane foaming agent, waterproof penetrant and coating latex paint;

[0029] Figure 5 Grafting of pear trees of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0030] Figure 6 Grafting of pear trees of the present invention Figure 2 .

[0031] Among them, in the figure:

[0032] 1. Handle; 2. Cylindrical tube; 3. Conical tube; 4. Conical blade. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0034] The invention aims to solve the problems in the existing pear tree grafting technology that the wound of the rootstock is too large, resulting in infection of the wound of the grafted pear tree, injury to the bark, affecting the normal growth of the pear tree, and large pollution in the grafting process. The invention proposes a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees, which is a pear tree bark-insertion belly grafting method with a slightly larger diameter. The invention can realize the grafting of thick branches without peeling during the dormant period, prepare the scion in advance, and the height of the rootstock branch is not limited. The survival rate is high, and the invention is a large-scale fruit tree grafting method for replacing inferior branches with superior ones.

[0035] refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees, comprising the following steps:

[0036] (a) Stock paring method: pare the old bark of the stock thinly in the middle or slightly off the stock, and use a hole puncher to punch holes down to the cambium layer;

[0037] (b) Scion cutting method: Wrap new shoots with wax liquid to keep them moisturized; cut a large bevel in the shape of a horse ear at the base bud, leaving the bud, and cut the lower part of the scion into a wedge surface;

[0038] (c) Socket cutting method: Cut the cortex in a triangular shape from the hole to the woody part of the interface to remove the bark to the size of half the thickness of the scion;

[0039] (d) Scion insertion: The cambium of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the rootstock and inserted into the back of the rootstock to reduce light and promote the growth of callus tissue;

[0040] (e) Wound sealing: Use polyurethane foam to fully seal the wound. Figure 5 and Figure 6 shown.

[0041] Compared with the traditional pear tree grafting method, the present invention can standardize the size of the rootstock wound, does not use a grafting film, reduces tree infection and protects the environment, and greatly improves the survival rate of the scion after the pear tree is grafted. It is suitable for thick rootstocks, supplements space, increases the amount of fruiting in the inner hall, and lays a foundation for high yield. In addition, the present invention is specifically suitable for thick branches and trunks, which prolongs the grafting time in the north, makes up for the inner hall space and does not need to be decapitated, has a high survival rate, and creates conditions for high-grafting and changing varieties and changing inferior to better.

[0042] refer to Figure 2 The puncher used in step (a) comprises a handle 1, a cylindrical tube 2 and a conical tube 3. The conical tube is connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical tube, and the radius of the conical tube gradually decreases from the end close to the cylindrical tube to the end away from the cylindrical tube, and a conical blade 4 is formed at the end; the handle is connected to the outer wall of the cylindrical tube. The conical tube is 2.5 cm long, the aperture of one end of the conical tube is 3 cm, and the aperture of the other end is 4 cm. The length of the cylindrical tube is 4.5 cm, and the aperture of the cylindrical tube is 4 cm.

[0043] To further optimize the technical solution, in step (b), select a mother tree of pure variety, strong growth and no danger, select normally growing new shoots from the middle of the outer crown, wrap them with wax liquid, and store them moisturizingly; cut a 3-5 cm long horse ear-shaped large bevel at the base bud, leaving 2-3 buds on it, cut off the part 1.5-2.0 cm below the scion, and cut twice obliquely to make the chisel surface in the shape of an arrow, and gently cut the entire back until the epidermis turns green.

[0044] To further optimize the technical solution, in step (c), during the peeling process, when the scion is thick, the apex of the triangle is positioned higher; when the scion is thin, the apex of the triangle is positioned lower, so as not to affect the insertion and healing of the scion.

[0045] To further optimize the technical solution, in step (d), the method for inserting the scion into the back of the stock is: the inclined surface of the scion is facing the wood part and the scion tip of the stock, and the scion is gently nailed into the skin from the interface with a tool, and the stock clamps the scion.

[0046] To further optimize the technical solution, the specific method of step (e) is: use a polyurethane foaming agent to completely seal and wrap the wound between the scion and the rootstock, and pad it with paper and press it tightly to ensure that the wound is completely closed.

[0047] To further optimize the technical solution, the weight ratio of the raw materials of the polyurethane foaming agent is as follows: 100-150 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 10-70 parts of foaming agent, 1-15 parts of catalyst, 10-30 parts of nanofiller, 1-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 2-10 parts of surfactant, and 2-10 parts of chlorinated paraffin.

[0048] The binding-free bark grafting technology adopted by the present invention is of great significance to the sustainable and healthy development of the future high-grafting and replacement of pear tree grafting industry, and the replacement of inferior products with superior ones. A special puncher is used to directly reach the cambium layer, which will not cause additional damage to the rootstock, does not require rich experience and technology, and saves time and labor. By eliminating the plastic film and replacing it with a polyurethane foaming agent, it is environmentally friendly and pollution-free, and reduces the plastic pollution rate during the grafting process. By using a polyurethane foaming agent to seal the wound, the thermal insulation effect is good, and it can effectively resist winter frost damage and spring cold problems. There is no need to worry about excessive root pressure causing effusion and rotten skin, excessive wound flow, and affecting the survival rate. Reducing one process reduces the risk of tree infection, and the bandaging materials and methods are simple and easy to learn, which is convenient for technology promotion and pear tree variety change operations, and reduces production costs.

[0049] Experimental Example 1

[0050] 200 pure, healthy and non-dangerous mother trees were selected, and 100 of them were grafted using the no-binding grafting method and the traditional film-covered single-bud belly grafting method. 93 trees survived the no-binding grafting method, and 59 trees survived the traditional film-covered single-bud belly grafting method. Figure 3As shown, through comparison of experimental examples, it can be seen that the survival rate of the traditional film-covered single bud belly grafting is significantly different from that of the binding-free grafting method of the present invention, and the grafting survival rate of the binding-free grafting method of the present invention exceeds 90%.

[0051] Experimental Example 2

[0052] 300 pure, healthy and non-hazardous mother trees were selected, and 100 grafted trees were sealed and bandaged using polyurethane foaming agent, waterproof penetrant and coating latex paint without binding (the method and steps are consistent with the method of the embodiment of the present invention). 92 grafted trees survived after being sealed and bandaged with polyurethane foaming agent, 37 survived after being sealed with waterproof penetrant, and 39 survived after being sealed with coating latex paint. Figure 4 As shown, through comparison of experimental examples, it can be seen that the survival rate of wound dressing using waterproof penetrant and coating latex paint is quite different from the grafting survival rate of closed bandage using polyurethane foaming agent in the present invention. The grafting survival rate of closed bandage using polyurethane foaming agent in the present invention exceeds 90%.

[0053] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees, characterized in that: The steps include: (a) Stock paring method: pare the old bark of the stock thinly in the middle or slightly off the stock, and use a hole puncher to punch holes down to the cambium layer; (b) Scion cutting method: Wrap new shoots with wax liquid to keep them moisturized; cut a large bevel in the shape of a horse ear at the base bud, leaving the bud, and cut the lower part of the scion into a wedge surface; (c) Socket cutting method: Cut the cortex in a triangular shape from the hole to the woody part of the interface to remove the bark to the size of half the thickness of the scion; (d) Scion: The cambium of the scion is aligned with the cambium of the rootstock and inserted into the back of the rootstock; (e) Wound sealing: Use polyurethane foam to perform full-closed bandage.

2. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The puncher used in step (a) includes a handle, a cylindrical tube and a conical tube, wherein the conical tube is connected to the bottom end of the cylindrical tube, and the radius of the conical tube gradually decreases from one end close to the cylindrical tube to the end away from the cylindrical tube; the handle is connected to the outer wall of the cylindrical tube.

3. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 2, characterized in that: The conical tube is 2.5 cm long, with a hole diameter of 3 cm at one end and 4 cm at the other end; the cylindrical tube is 4.5 cm long, with a hole diameter of 4 cm.

4. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (b), a pure variety, healthy and non-dangerous mother tree is selected, and new shoots with normal growth are selected from the middle of the outer crown and wrapped with wax liquid to keep them moisturized; a large horse ear-shaped bevel is cut at the base bud, leaving the bud, and the part 1.5-2.0 cm below the scion is cut and cut into a wedge surface.

5. The binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (c), during the peeling process, when the scion is thick, the apex of the triangle is higher; when the scion is thin, the apex of the triangle is lower.

6. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (d), the method of inserting the scion into the back of the stock is as follows: the inclined surface of the scion faces the wood part and the scion tip of the stock, and the scion is gently nailed into the skin from the interface, and the stock clamps the scion.

7. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 1, characterized in that: The specific method of step (e) is: use polyurethane foaming agent to completely seal and wrap the wound between the scion and the rootstock, and pad it with paper and press it tightly to ensure that the wound is completely sealed.

8. A binding-free grafting method suitable for pear trees according to claim 7, characterized in that: The weight proportion of the raw materials of the polyurethane foaming agent is as follows: 100-150 parts of polyurethane prepolymer, 10-70 parts of foaming agent, 1-15 parts of catalyst, 10-30 parts of nano filler, 1-10 parts of foam stabilizer, 2-10 parts of surfactant and 2-10 parts of chlorinated paraffin.

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