Antennas, glass antennas and vehicles

Abstract

This application relates to an antenna, a glass antenna, and a vehicle. The antenna includes a metal substrate with at least two antenna slots and at least one isolation slot, wherein the antenna slots and the isolation slots are not connected. A first feed point and a second feed point are respectively disposed on two opposite boundaries of the antenna slots to form a slotted antenna. The first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable, and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The isolation slot includes at least two non-connected first slots and is located near at least two of the slotted antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between the at least two slotted antennas. This solution enables a vertically polarized antenna to be implemented on a single surface of glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of glass technology, and in particular to an antenna, a glass antenna, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of intelligent vehicles, in-vehicle wireless systems are becoming increasingly sophisticated, encompassing functions such as mobile communication, satellite communication, and smart cockpits. To realize these functions, sufficient space is needed to house hardware such as antennas. Since glass provides ample space and is more open than the interior of a vehicle, more and more antennas are now integrated into the glass, resulting in glass antennas.

[0003] However, since glass is generally a planar structure, such as skylight glass, it is difficult to achieve vertically polarized antennas on the inner surface of skylight glass. Vertical polarization can reduce signal propagation loss and multipath interference, and provide better signal quality and reliability. Therefore, how to achieve vertically polarized antennas on a single surface of glass has become an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to provide an antenna, a glass antenna, and a vehicle capable of achieving vertical polarization on a single side of glass to address the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] In a first aspect, this application provides an antenna comprising a metal substrate having at least two antenna slots and at least one isolation slot, wherein the antenna slots and the isolation slots are not connected; a first feed point and a second feed point are respectively disposed on two opposite boundaries of the antenna slots to form a slot antenna, wherein the first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable; the isolation slot includes at least two non-connected first slots and is located near at least two slot antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between at least two slot antennas.

[0006] In one embodiment, the first gap is a non-closed ring, which includes a semi-circular ring, a U-shaped ring, a C-shaped ring, or a truncated polygonal ring.

[0007] In one embodiment, the opening ends of the plurality of first slot antennas may face the same or different directions;

[0008] There are two first slits, and the opening ends of the two first slits are facing each other or away from each other;

[0009] Alternatively, there are three first gaps, and the lines connecting the center points of the three first gaps form a triangle;

[0010] Alternatively, there are four first gaps, with the opening ends of two of the four first gaps facing a first direction and the opening ends of the other two first gaps facing a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are two opposite directions.

[0011] In one embodiment, when the number of first slits is three, the opening ends of the three first slits all face the center point of the triangle;

[0012] When the number of the first gaps is four, the two first gaps with their opening ends facing the first direction are arranged along the first direction, and the two first gaps with their opening ends facing the second direction are arranged along the second direction.

[0013] In one embodiment, the metal substrate is circular, elliptical, or polygonal in shape.

[0014] In one embodiment, the metal substrate has a notch.

[0015] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a first reflective stub disposed on one side of the metal substrate and with a gap between the first reflective stub and the metal substrate; and the size of the circumscribed matrix of the first reflective stub is larger than the size of the circumscribed matrix of the metal substrate.

[0016] In one embodiment, the first reflective branch is in the shape of a non-closed ring, circle, ellipse, or polygon.

[0017] In one embodiment, the antenna further includes a second reflective stub connected to a metal substrate, the second reflective stub having the same size as the metal substrate, and a second slit being formed on the second reflective stub.

[0018] In one embodiment, the number of second slots opened on the second reflective branch is the same as the number of slots opened on the metal substrate.

[0019] Secondly, this application also provides a glass antenna, which includes a glass element and at least one antenna as described in any one of the first aspects; the antennas are distributed on the glass element.

[0020] Thirdly, this application also provides a glass antenna, which includes a glass component and two antennas as described in any one of the first aspects, the two antennas being arranged back to back;

[0021] The two antennas are respectively mounted on the front windshield and the rear windshield;

[0022] Alternatively, the two antennas can be positioned on either side of the sunroof glass, near the front and rear of the vehicle, respectively.

[0023] Alternatively, the two antennas can be positioned on the side of the windshield and sunroof that is away from the windshield, respectively.

[0024] Alternatively, the two antennas can be positioned on the side of the rear windshield and sunroof that is away from the rear windshield.

[0025] Fourthly, this application also provides a vehicle, which includes the glass antenna described in the second or third aspect above.

[0026] The aforementioned antenna includes a metal substrate with at least two antenna slots and at least one isolation slot. The antenna slots and isolation slots are not interconnected. A first feed point and a second feed point are respectively disposed on the two opposite boundaries of the antenna slots to form a slotted antenna. The first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable, and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The isolation slot includes at least two non-connected first slots located near at least two slotted antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between them. Thus, when this antenna is mounted on a glass component, after each slotted antenna is fed, due to the high dielectric constant of the glass, the electromagnetic waves at the edge of the metal substrate are redistributed, forming a ring-shaped magnetic flux loop, equivalent to a vertically polarized antenna, thereby achieving the goal of realizing a vertically polarized antenna on a single surface of the glass. Furthermore, by providing the first slots, the current directions on both sides of the first slot are opposite, thereby blocking electromagnetic coupling between the slotted antennas and improving the isolation between them. Attached Figure Description

[0027] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or related technologies, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments of this application or related technologies will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0028] Figure 1 This is a top view of the glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a side view of the glass antenna in one embodiment;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of a glass antenna with an isolation gap in one embodiment;

[0031] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a glass antenna with two isolation gaps in one embodiment;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram showing that the first gap in one embodiment is U-shaped;

[0033] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram showing that the first gap in one embodiment is C-shaped;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of a first gap being a truncated polygonal ring in one embodiment;

[0035] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a glass antenna with an isolation gap in another embodiment;

[0036] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first slits in one embodiment;

[0037] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of the first slits in another embodiment;

[0038] Figure 11 A top view of the glass antenna in another embodiment;

[0039] Figure 12 This is a top view of the glass antenna in yet another embodiment;

[0040] Figure 13 This is a top view of the glass antenna in yet another embodiment;

[0041] Figure 14 This is a top view of the glass antenna in yet another embodiment;

[0042] Figure 15 This is a top view of the glass antenna in yet another embodiment;

[0043] Figure 16 The VSWR curves of two slot antennas in one embodiment are shown.

[0044] Figure 17 This is a graph showing the isolation between two slot antennas in one embodiment;

[0045] Figure 18 This is a cross-sectional radiation pattern of two slot antennas with vertical and horizontal polarization in one embodiment;

[0046] Figure 19 In one embodiment, the horizontal cross-sectional radiation direction of the two slot antennas is defined.

[0047] Figure 20 This is a top view of the glass antenna with two antennas in one embodiment;

[0048] Figure 21 This is a schematic diagram of two first gaps facing each other in one embodiment.

[0049] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0050] 100-Glass component, 101-First glass component, 102-Second glass component, 103-Intermediate layer, S1-First surface, S2-Second surface, S3-Third surface, S4-Fourth surface;

[0051] 200-Antenna, 201-Metal substrate, 202-Antenna slot, 203-Isolation slot, 204-Feed port, 205-First slot, 206-Second slot, 207-First reflective stub, 208-Second reflective stub. Detailed Implementation

[0052] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the following detailed description is provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0053] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application pertains. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and are not intended to limit this application.

[0054] It is understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., used herein may be used to describe various elements, but these elements are not limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this application, a first resistor may be referred to as a second resistor, and similarly, a second resistor may be referred to as a first resistor. Both the first resistor and the second resistor are resistors, but they are not the same resistor.

[0055] It is understood that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "set on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there may be an intervening element. When an element is considered to be "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or there may be an intervening element. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only possible implementation.

[0056] In the description of this application, it should be understood that "electrical connection" can be understood as physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in a circuit structure are connected through physical lines that can transmit electrical signals, such as copper foil or wires on a printed circuit board (PCB). "Coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction through indirect coupling. Those skilled in the art will understand that coupling refers to the phenomenon where there is close cooperation and mutual influence between the inputs and outputs of two or more circuit elements or electrical networks, and energy is transferred from one side to the other through interaction.

[0057] With the development of intelligent vehicles, in-vehicle systems are moving towards Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X), and wireless communication systems in cars are becoming increasingly sophisticated, such as mobile communication, satellite communication, and smart cockpits. To achieve these functions, the number and types of antennas required are gradually increasing, thus necessitating more space to accommodate antennas and other hardware. Because glass provides a large and more open space compared to the interior, more and more antennas are now integrated into the glass, forming glass antennas.

[0058] However, since glass is generally a planar or quasi-planar structure, such as skylight glass, it is difficult to realize vertically polarized antennas on the inner surface of skylight glass. Vertical polarization can reduce signal propagation loss and multipath interference, and provide better signal quality and reliability. Therefore, how to realize vertically polarized antennas on glass has become an urgent problem to be solved.

[0059] Therefore, it is necessary to propose effective technical means to solve the above problems. The technical solution of this application and how it solves the above technical problems will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. Furthermore, the following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0060] It should be noted that, in addition to being mounted on a glass component to achieve vertical polarization, the antenna of this application can also be mounted on other structural planes to achieve vertical polarization. The following example uses an antenna mounted on a glass component, which is referred to as a glass antenna.

[0061] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, a glass antenna is provided, which includes a glass element 100 and at least one antenna 200, each antenna 200 being disposed on the glass element 100. The figure shows an example of one antenna.

[0062] Antenna 200 includes a metal substrate 201, which has at least two antenna slots 202 and at least one isolation slot 203. The antenna slots 202 and the isolation slots 203 are not connected. A first feed point and a second feed point are respectively provided on two opposite boundaries of the antenna slots 202 to form a slot antenna. The first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of a coaxial cable, and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The first and second feed points constitute a feed port 204. The isolation slot 203 includes at least two non-connected first slots 205 and is located near at least two slot antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between the at least two slot antennas.

[0063] The glass component 100 includes a first glass component 101 and a second glass component 102. The first glass component 101 includes a first surface S1 and a second surface S2. The second glass component 102 includes a third surface S3 and a fourth surface S4. The first surface S1 is away from the third surface S3, the second surface S2 is close to the third surface S3, the third surface S3 is close to the second surface S2, and the fourth surface S4 is away from the second surface S2. When the glass component 100 is installed on a vehicle, the view from inside the vehicle looking out the window is the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3, and the fourth surface S4, respectively. In addition, the glass component 100 also includes an intermediate layer 103 disposed between the first glass component 101 and the second glass component 102. The intermediate layer 103 can be made of PVB (Polyvinyl Butyral), which can bond the first glass component 101 and the second glass component 102 together through a lamination process to form laminated glass. This can effectively improve the strength and toughness of the glass component 100, as well as improve its impact resistance and safety performance.

[0064] The antenna 200 can be disposed on any one of the first surface S1, the second surface S2, the third surface S3, and the fourth surface S4. Preferably, the antenna 200 is disposed on the first surface S1, which facilitates power supply to the antenna 200. Preferably, the antenna 200 is disposed within the black border area of ​​the glass component 100, so as not to affect the light transmission performance of the transparent area of ​​the glass component 100.

[0065] At least one antenna 200 is provided on the glass component 100. Specifically, one antenna 200 or two or more antennas 200 can be provided, which can be set as needed. The number of antennas 200 is not limited here.

[0066] The metal substrate 201 can be made of metal materials, such as copper. However, in order to facilitate production and improve accuracy, in this embodiment, the metal substrate 201 is produced by silver paste printing, and the printing accuracy can reach 0.1 mm. Of course, other processes such as carbon paste printing in the existing technology can also be used for production.

[0067] The metal substrate 201 can be circular, elliptical, or polygonal. Specifically, the polygon can be a decagon, octagon, hexagon, quadrilateral (rectangle, trapezoid), or triangle, etc. Preferably, the metal substrate 201 has a notch, such as... Figure 1 As shown, the notch can suppress the energy of the antenna pointing towards the notch, thus improving the antenna's directivity.

[0068] The distance from the center to the edge of the metal substrate 201 affects the resonant frequency of the antenna 200. Taking a circular metal substrate 201 as an example, the larger the radius of the metal substrate 201, the lower the resonant frequency; the smaller the radius, the higher the resonant frequency. Therefore, when designing the antenna 200, the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 can be adjusted by changing the distance from the center to the edge of the metal substrate 201. Generally, the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 needs to be greater than or equal to 3 GHz. Preferably, the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 needs to be in the range of 6 GHz to 9 GHz, and optimally, the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 needs to be in the range of 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz. Specifically, in order to make the resonant frequency of the antenna 200 within the range of 7.5 GHz to 8.5 GHz, the perimeter of the metal substrate 201 needs to be designed to be approximately 1 to 3 times the wavelength.

[0069] At least two antenna slots 202 are formed on the metal substrate 201. Specifically, there may be two antenna slots 202 or three or more (including three) slots 202, which is not limited here. Among them, a first feed point and a second feed point are respectively provided on the two opposite boundaries of each antenna slot 202, that is, each antenna slot 202 is provided with a feed port 204.

[0070] The antenna slot 202 can be a closed ring or a non-closed ring. A closed ring can be, for example, a circular ring, an elliptical ring, or a polygonal ring; a non-closed ring can be a semi-circular ring, a U-shaped ring, a C-shaped ring, or a truncated polygonal ring. A truncated polygonal ring refers to a new polygonal ring formed by truncating a polygonal ring. The figure shows an example where the antenna slot 202 is a semi-circular ring.

[0071] When the antenna slot 202 is a non-closed ring and there are two antenna slots 202, the opening ends of the two antenna slots 202 can face the same direction, such as... Figure 1 As shown, they can also be oriented in different directions, such as all oriented towards the center point of the metal substrate 201.

[0072] When the antenna slot 202 is a non-closed ring and there are three antenna slots 202, the center points of the three antenna slots 202 can be collinear, that is, arranged side by side, or they can be non-collinear, that is, arranged in a triangle. When arranged in a triangle, preferably, the center points of the three antenna slots 202 form an equilateral triangle, that is, the individual slot antennas are arranged at 120°. In this way, the non-circularity of each slot antenna is within 4dB, which can improve the horizontal coverage range of the antenna.

[0073] Furthermore, the openings of the three antenna slots 202 can face the same direction or different directions. There are several ways to implement the openings of the three antenna slots 202 facing different directions. For example, the openings of all three antenna slots 202 can be away from the center point of the metal substrate, or the openings of all three antenna slots 202 can be facing the center point of the metal substrate. Figure 3 As shown.

[0074] The size of the antenna slot 202 affects the input impedance at the feed point. Therefore, when designing the antenna 200, the input impedance of the antenna 200 can be adjusted to around 50 ohms by adjusting the length and width of the antenna slot 202. Specifically, the perimeter of the antenna slot 202 is adjusted to be about 1 / 4 wavelength to 3 / 4 wavelength, and the width is less than or equal to 3 mm, so that the input impedance of the antenna 200 can reach around 50 ohms.

[0075] It should be noted that the size of each antenna slot 202 can be the same or different. Preferably, the size of each antenna slot 202 is the same, so that an antenna containing multiple slot antennas with the same aperture can be realized.

[0076] The metal substrate 201 has at least one isolation gap 203, which includes at least two non-communicating first gaps 205. Specifically, two first gaps 205 or three or more (including three) first gaps 205 are formed on the metal substrate 201, which is not limited here.

[0077] The openings of the multiple first slots 205 can face the same or different directions. The arrangement of the multiple first slots 205 can affect the isolation and phase difference between the multiple slot antennas. Specifically, the number and arrangement of the isolation slots 203 and the first slots 205 are related to the number and arrangement of the antenna slots 202. To achieve a 360° phase difference between the slot antennas and high isolation, several arrangements are possible, where the size of the first slot 205 is approximately equal to the size of the antenna slot 202.

[0078] If there are two antenna slots 202, and the openings of the two antenna slots 202 face the same direction, then there can be one isolation slot 203, and there can be two first slots 205, with the openings of the two first slots 205 facing each other. Figure 1 As shown.

[0079] If there are three antenna slots 202, and the openings of all three antenna slots 202 face the center point of the metal substrate 201, then the number of isolation slots 203 can be one, and the number of first slots 205 can be three, with the openings of all three first slots 205 facing the center point of the metal substrate 201. Figure 3 As shown.

[0080] If there are three antenna slots 202, the center points of the three antenna slots 202 are collinear, and the opening ends of the three antenna slots 202 all face the same direction, then the number of isolation slots 203 can be two. Each isolation slot 203 includes two first slots 205, the opening ends of the two first slots 205 in each isolation slot 203 are opposite each other, and each isolation slot 203 is located near the corresponding two antenna slots 203, such as... Figure 4 As shown.

[0081] The antenna 200 includes a metal substrate 201, which has at least two antenna slots 202 and at least one isolation slot 203. The antenna slots 202 and the isolation slots 203 are not connected. A first feed point and a second feed point are respectively provided on the two opposite boundaries of the antenna slots 202 to form a slot antenna. The first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The isolation slot 203 includes at least two non-connected first slots 205 and is located near the at least two slot antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between the at least two slot antennas. Thus, when the antenna 200 is disposed on the glass component 100, after each slot antenna is fed, due to the high dielectric constant of the glass, the electromagnetic waves at the edge of the metal substrate 201 are redistributed, forming a ring-shaped magnetic flux loop, equivalent to a vertically polarized antenna, thereby achieving the purpose of realizing a vertically polarized antenna on a single surface of the glass. In addition, by setting the first gap 205, the current directions on both sides of the first gap are opposite, thereby blocking the electromagnetic coupling between the slot antennas and achieving the purpose of improving the isolation between the slot antennas.

[0082] In one exemplary embodiment, the first gap 205 is a non-closed ring, which includes a semi-circular ring, a U-shaped ring, a C-shaped ring, or a truncated polygonal ring.

[0083] The following example uses two antenna slots 202 and one isolation slot 203. When the first slot 205 is a semi-circular ring, as shown... Figure 1 As shown; when the first gap 205 is U-shaped, as Figure 5 As shown; when the first gap 205 is C-shaped, as Figure 6 As shown; when the first gap 205 is a truncated polygonal ring, as Figure 7 As shown, it is a new polygonal ring formed after the triangular ring is truncated, similar to the less-than symbol "<".

[0084] In one feasible embodiment, there can be two first slots 205. The opening ends of the two first slots 205 can face the same direction or different directions. When the opening ends of the two first slots 205 face different directions, the opening ends of the two first slots 205 can be opposite to each other or away from each other. Preferably, the opening ends of the two first slots 205 are arranged opposite each other, so that the radiation direction of the two slot antennas is... Figure 1 The two first slots 205 can both be located on one side near the opening end of the antenna slot 202, such as... Figure 1 As shown, both first slots 205 can also be located on the side away from the opening end of the antenna slot 202, such as... Figure 8 As shown. The opening ends of the two first slots 205 face the first direction and the second direction respectively, and the opening ends of the two antenna slots 202 face the third direction. The first direction and the second direction are two opposite directions, and the third direction has an angle with the first direction, for example, the third direction is 90° with the first direction.

[0085] It should be noted that the terms "relative" and "opposite" in this application are interpreted broadly. Taking "relative" as an example, the opening ends of the two first gaps 205 are arranged opposite each other, which can be as follows: Figure 1 The opposite shown can also be as follows: Figure 21 The directions shown are not directly opposite. The first and second directions are two opposing directions, which can refer to two opposite directions or two directions at a certain angle.

[0086] In another possible embodiment, the number of first slits 205 can be three. The line connecting the center points of the three first slits 205 forms a triangle. The opening ends of the three first slits 205 can all face the center point of the triangle or all face away from the center point of the triangle. Preferably, the line connecting the center points of the three first slits 205 forms an equilateral triangle, and the opening ends of the three first slits 205 all face the center point of the triangle (the center point of the triangle can coincide with the center point of the metal substrate 201). Figure 7 As shown. The opening ends of the two antenna slots 202 can both face a third direction, or both face the center point of the metal substrate 201.

[0087] In another possible embodiment, the number of first slits 205 can be four. Two of the four first slits 205 have their opening ends facing a first direction, and the opening ends of the other two first slits face a second direction. The two first slits 205 with their opening ends facing the first direction are arranged along the first direction, and the two first slits 205 with their opening ends facing the second direction are arranged along the second direction, as shown below. Figure 9 As shown. The two first slits 205 with their openings facing the first direction can also be arranged along a third direction, and the two first slits 205 with their openings facing the second direction can also be arranged along a third direction, as shown. Figure 10 As shown. It should be noted that the dimensions of the two first slots 205 with their openings facing the first direction can be different, and the dimensions of the two first slots 205 with their openings facing the second direction can also be different. Preferably, the two first slots 205 with their openings facing the first direction are arranged along the first direction, and the two first slots 205 with their openings facing the second direction are arranged along the second direction, which can improve the isolation between the slot antennas.

[0088] In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a first reflective stub 207, which is disposed on one side of the metal substrate 201 and has a gap with the metal substrate 201; and the size of the circumscribed matrix of the first reflective stub 207 is larger than the size of the circumscribed matrix of the metal substrate 201. Here, the circumscribed matrix refers to the minimum circumscribed matrix.

[0089] Since the first reflective branch 207 has the function of changing the radiation direction of the metal substrate 201, the first reflective branch 207 is disposed on one side of the metal substrate 201, specifically, the first reflective branch 207 is disposed on the side of the metal substrate 201 in which the radiation energy needs to be suppressed.

[0090] When the metal substrate 201 has a notch, the first reflective branch 207 is preferably disposed on the side of the metal substrate 201 with the notch.

[0091] The first reflective branch 207 can be made of metal material, and the material of the first reflective branch 207 can be the same as or different from the material of the metal substrate 201.

[0092] The shape of the first reflective branch 207 can be an open ring, circle, ellipse, or polygon. The first reflective branch 207 can be disposed on one side of any of the aforementioned metal substrates 201. For example, the first reflective branch 207 and the aforementioned... Figure 1 The metal substrate 201 in the middle is combined to obtain Figure 11 The glass antenna shown; the first reflecting stub 207 and the above-mentioned Figure 7 The metal substrate 201 in the middle is combined to obtain Figure 12 The glass antenna shown; the first reflecting stub 207 and the above-mentioned Figure 9 The metal substrate 201 in the middle is combined to obtain Figure 13 The glass antenna shown. Among them, Figure 11 , Figure 12 and Figure 13 The first reflection branch 207 in the example is a non-closed ring.

[0093] The size of the outer matrix of the first reflective branch 207 refers to the length of the outer matrix of the first reflective branch 207 along the first direction to the second direction. The size of the outer matrix of the metal substrate 201 refers to the length of the outer matrix of the metal substrate 201 along the first direction to the second direction. The size of the outer matrix of the first reflective branch 207 is larger than the size of the outer matrix of the metal substrate 201, so that the first reflective branch 207 can completely cover the metal substrate 201, so as to better suppress the radiation energy on one side of the metal substrate 201.

[0094] Preferably, the metal substrate 201 is circular with a notch, and the first reflective stub 207 is disposed on the side close to the notch of the metal substrate 201. This can better suppress the energy radiated behind the antenna and improve the antenna's directivity. It should be noted that the area of ​​the notch in the metal substrate 201, the size of the first reflective stub 207, and the distance between the first reflective stub 207 and the metal substrate 201 all affect the antenna's directivity. These can be set as needed and are not limited here.

[0095] In one exemplary embodiment, such as Figure 14 As shown, the antenna 200 also includes a second reflective stub 208, which is connected to the metal substrate 201. The size of the second reflective stub 208 is the same as that of the metal substrate 201, and a second slot 206 is provided on the second reflective stub 208.

[0096] The second reflective branch 208 has the same size as the metal substrate 201, meaning that the perimeter of the second reflective branch 208 is the same as the perimeter of the metal substrate 201. Preferably, the shape and size of the second reflective branch 208 are the same as those of the metal substrate 201.

[0097] The number of second slots 206 on the second reflective stub 208 can be one or more. Specifically, the number of second slots 206 can be the same as the number of antenna slots 202 on the metal substrate 201, and the arrangement of the multiple second slots 206 can be the same as the arrangement of the multiple antenna slots 201. Preferably, the size of the second slot 206 is the same as the size of the antenna slot 202.

[0098] Figure 14In the example, the second reflective branch 208 and the metal substrate 201 are both circular with notches, and the second reflective branch 208 is connected to the notch of the metal substrate 201. Two non-connected second gaps 206 are opened on the second reflective branch 208.

[0099] In one exemplary embodiment, the number of second slots 206 formed on the second reflective branch 208 is the same as the number of slots formed on the metal substrate 201. In other words, the number of second slots 206 is the sum of the number of antenna slots 202 and the number of first slots 205 formed on the metal substrate 201.

[0100] Specifically, the arrangement of the multiple second slots 206 on the second reflective stub 208 can be the same as the arrangement of the multiple antenna slots 202 and the first slot 205, so as to... Figure 1 Taking antenna 200 as an example, the second reflecting stub 208 can be as follows: Figure 15 As shown.

[0101] This application also addresses the above. Figure 11 Antenna 200, as shown, underwent implementation testing. The two slot antennas in antenna 200 operate at frequencies between 7.5 GHz and 8.5 GHz. The VSWR curves of the two slot antennas (horizontal axis: frequency, vertical axis: VSWR) are shown below. Figure 16 As shown, it can be seen that the VSWR of each slot antenna is less than 2. This indicates that by opening two antenna slots 202 on the metal substrate 201, with the opening ends of the two antenna slots 202 facing the same direction, and with a first feed point and a second feed point respectively set on the two opposite boundaries of each antenna slot 202, the input impedance of the antenna 200 can be made closer to 50 ohms.

[0102] Antenna 200 operates within the frequency range of 7.5GHz-8.5GHz. The isolation curve between the two slot antennas in antenna 200 (horizontal axis: frequency, vertical axis: isolation) is shown below. Figure 17 As shown, the isolation is less than -15dB, which indicates that by setting the isolation gap 203, the two gap antennas have good isolation.

[0103] when Figure 11 The glass antenna is placed horizontally. The two slot antennas operate at frequencies of 8 GHz. The horizontal cross-sectional radiation patterns of the vertically and horizontally polarized antennas are shown below. Figure 18 As shown, vertical polarization is the main polarization, and horizontal polarization is cross polarization. The cross polarization ratio is within the range of 8dB-30dB within 360 degrees. This indicates that by setting the metal substrate 201 with antenna slots 202 on the glass component, the purpose of realizing a vertically polarized antenna on a single side of the glass can be achieved.

[0104] When the two slot antennas operate at a frequency of 8 GHz, the horizontal cross-sectional radiation patterns of the two slot antennas are as follows: Figure 19 As shown, the average gain of both slot antennas in the horizontal plane within the range of 0°-180° is 2.34 dBi, indicating that each slot antenna has good radiation performance within the range of 0°-180°.

[0105] In one embodiment, a glass antenna is provided, comprising a glass element 100 and two antennas 200 arranged opposite to each other.

[0106] The glass antenna can be a mobile communication antenna, a positioning antenna, or a broadcast communication antenna, such as a UWB (Ultra Wideband) antenna, a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna, a 5G antenna, a Bluetooth antenna, etc. In this embodiment, a UWB antenna is used as an example, and only two antennas 200 are needed to improve positioning accuracy.

[0107] The glass component 100 includes a windshield, a rear windshield, a sunroof, or a side window. The sunroof includes a panoramic sunroof.

[0108] In one feasible embodiment, the glass antenna includes a sunroof glass and two antennas 200, with one antenna 200 positioned near the front of the vehicle and the other near the rear. In other words, the two antennas 200 are positioned on either side of the sunroof glass near the front and rear of the vehicle.

[0109] In another possible implementation, the glass antenna includes a front windshield and a rear windshield, with two antennas 200 respectively mounted on the front windshield and the rear windshield. Specifically, the antennas can be mounted on the side of the front windshield near the roof and the side of the rear windshield near the roof.

[0110] In another possible implementation, the glass antenna includes a windshield and a sunroof, with two antennas 200 respectively positioned on the side of the windshield and sunroof facing away from the windshield. In other words, one of the two antennas 200 is positioned on the windshield, and the other is positioned on the side of the sunroof near the rear of the vehicle.

[0111] In another possible implementation, the glass antenna includes a rear windshield and a sunroof, with two antennas 200 respectively positioned on the side of the rear windshield and the sunroof facing away from the rear windshield. In other words, one of the two antennas 200 is positioned on the rear windshield, and the other is positioned on the side of the sunroof closer to the front of the vehicle.

[0112] In this embodiment, the two antennas 200 are arranged back-to-back, achieving 360° omnidirectional coverage. Figure 11 Taking the antenna 200 shown as an example, the two antennas 200 being set back to each other means that the opening ends of the first reflecting stubs 207 in the two antennas 200 are back to back. Figure 20 A schematic diagram is shown showing two antennas 200 positioned opposite each other on the sunroof glass.

[0113] In one exemplary embodiment, this application also provides a vehicle that includes the glass antenna described in any of the glass antenna embodiments above.

[0114] The means of transport can include road vehicles, water vehicles, air vehicles, industrial equipment, agricultural equipment, or recreational equipment. For example, a means of transport can be a vehicle, which is a vehicle in a broad sense, including transportation vehicles (such as commercial vehicles, passenger cars, motorcycles, flying cars, trains, etc.), industrial vehicles (such as forklifts, trailers, tractors, etc.), engineering vehicles (such as excavators, bulldozers, cranes, etc.), agricultural equipment (such as lawnmowers, harvesters, etc.), amusement equipment, toy vehicles, etc. The embodiments of this application do not specifically limit the type of vehicle. As another example, a means of transport can be an airplane or a ship.

[0115] The technical features of the above embodiments can be combined in any way. For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this application.

[0116] The above-described embodiments merely represent several implementation methods of the present application. While the descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application. It should be noted that a person of ordinary skill in the art may make various modifications and improvements without departing from the spirit of the present application, and these modifications and improvements fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present application shall be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An antenna, characterized in that, The antenna includes a metal substrate, the metal substrate having at least two antenna slots and at least one isolation slot, and the antenna slots and the isolation slots are not connected. A first feed point and a second feed point are respectively provided on the two opposite boundaries of the antenna slot to form a slot antenna. The first feed point is electrically connected to the inner conductor of the coaxial cable, and the second feed point is electrically connected to the outer conductor of the coaxial cable. The isolation gap includes at least two non-communicating first gaps and is located near at least two of the slot antennas to block electromagnetic coupling between at least two of the slot antennas; The antenna further includes a first reflective stub, which is disposed on one side of the metal substrate and has a gap with the metal substrate; and the size of the external matrix of the first reflective stub is larger than the size of the external matrix of the metal substrate.

2. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first gap is a non-closed ring, which includes a semi-circular ring, a U-shaped ring, a C-shaped ring, or a truncated polygonal ring.

3. The antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that, The opening ends of the multiple first slits may face the same or different directions; The number of the first gaps is two, and the opening ends of the two first gaps are opposite to each other or away from each other; Alternatively, the number of the first gaps is three, and the line connecting the center points of the three first gaps forms a triangle; Alternatively, the number of the first gaps is four, with the opening ends of two of the four first gaps facing a first direction, and the opening ends of the other two first gaps facing a second direction, wherein the first direction and the second direction are two opposite directions.

4. The antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that, When there are three first gaps, the opening ends of the three first gaps all face the center point of the triangle; When the number of the first gaps is four, the two first gaps with their opening ends facing the first direction are arranged along the first direction, and the two first gaps with their opening ends facing the second direction are arranged along the second direction.

5. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the metal substrate is circular, elliptical, or polygonal.

6. The antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that, The metal substrate has a notch.

7. The antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shape of the first reflective branch is a non-closed ring, circle, ellipse or polygon.

8. The antenna according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The antenna further includes a second reflective stub, which is connected to the metal substrate. The second reflective stub has the same size as the metal substrate, and a second slit is provided on the second reflective stub.

9. A glass antenna, characterized in that, The glass antenna includes a glass element and at least one antenna according to any one of claims 1-8; each of the antennas is distributed on the glass element.

10. A glass antenna, characterized in that, The glass antenna includes a glass component and two antennas as described in any one of claims 1-8, wherein the two antennas are arranged back to back. The two antennas are respectively mounted on the front windshield and the rear windshield; Alternatively, the two antennas may be respectively positioned on either side of the sunroof glass near the front and rear of the vehicle; Alternatively, the two antennas may be respectively disposed on the side of the windshield and sunroof that is away from the windshield; Alternatively, the two antennas may be respectively positioned on the side of the rear windshield and sunroof that is away from the rear windshield.

11. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the glass antenna as described in claim 9 or 10.

Images