Multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large angle scanning and its element antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a multi-mode conformal phased array antenna for wide-angle scanning and an element antenna thereof, the phased array antenna comprising an arched metal base and a plurality of element antennas; the element antenna comprising a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer; the strip-shaped dielectric plate being perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer comprising a first impedance matching part, a first sawtooth part, a second impedance matching part and a first fin part; the second metal layer comprising a first grounding part, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part, a third impedance matching part and a second fin part; the first impedance matching part, the first sawtooth part, the second impedance matching part, the first grounding part, the second sawtooth part and the second grounding part cooperating with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP leaky waveguide; and the first fin part and the second fin part cooperating with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP end-fire antenna; the antenna structure can realize two-dimensional wide-angle beam scanning in the form of one-dimensional frequency scanning + one-dimensional electric control, and greatly reduce the cost of an array control system.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning and an element antenna thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, there are significant technical bottlenecks in realizing large-angle beam coverage for phased array antennas. The beam scanning range of traditional phased array antennas is limited, and it is difficult to realize large-angle coverage in a two-dimensional plane. In addition, most two-dimensional array antennas rely on high-cost large-scale TR (transmit / receive) components for amplitude and phase control, resulting in high overall system cost. Such high-cost and high-complexity design not only limits the application of phased array antennas in civilian fields, but also hinders their widespread use in special scenarios such as detection and imaging. Therefore, it is necessary to study multi-modal, low-cost phased arrays that can realize large-angle beam shaping.

[0003] At present, low-cost phased array antennas are mainly realized by simplifying antenna design, reducing manufacturing cost or adopting new materials and new technologies, mainly including distributed array, sparse array, frequency scanning antenna, MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical System) technology, etc. For example, a distributed array realizes large-range coverage and beam control by the cooperative work of multiple small antenna arrays; a sparse array arranges antenna elements non-uniformly through specific optimization algorithms and design rules to maintain good array performance while reducing the number; a frequency scanning antenna realizes beam scanning in one dimension by adjusting the frequency of the input signal, simplifying the array control system; in addition, there are also MEMS phased arrays suitable for various portable systems, which mainly realize signal control and beam scanning through micro-mechanical structures.

[0004] Although the low-cost phased array antenna technology at the present stage solves the problem of high cost and complexity of traditional phased array antenna to some extent, there are still some significant shortcomings and limitations. Distributed array needs multiple small antenna arrays to work together, which increases the complexity of the system and is prone to introduce phase synchronization and system integration problems; sparse array reduces the number of antenna elements, but the calculation complexity and signal processing demand are high, which increases the difficulty of design and implementation; frequency scanning antenna simplifies the control system, but can only realize single-dimensional scanning, and cannot realize global coverage, and frequency change may cause system instability; MEMS phased array antenna is suitable for portable systems, but the manufacturing precision and stability of the micro mechanical structure are high in cost and technology, which is difficult to be applied on a large scale. In addition, while pursuing low cost, the existing technology still needs to balance system complexity, performance stability and manufacturing difficulty, and the traditional array form only has a single radiation mode, which is difficult to fully meet the actual application requirements. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the above problems existing in the prior art, the present application provides a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning and its array element antenna.

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is solved by the following technical scheme:

[0007] A multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning, comprising: an arched metal base and a plurality of array element antennas arranged in sequence on the arched metal base.

[0008] The array element antenna comprises a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer; one long edge of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on the arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate.

[0009] The first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part, a first sawtooth part, a second impedance matching part and a first fin part connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part is circumscribed by a feeding wire; the second metal layer comprises a first grounding part, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part, a third impedance matching part and a second fin part connected in sequence.

[0010] The first impedance matching part and the first grounding part are opposite to each other in position; the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part are opposite to each other in position and are arranged in staggered sawtooth; the second impedance matching part and the second grounding part are opposite to each other in position; the first fin part and the second fin part are mirror image arranged.

[0011] Optionally, the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part are arranged in a manner that the sawtooth height gradually decreases from the middle to the two ends.

[0012] Optionally, the arched metal base comprises an arched plate surface and a plurality of reinforcing ribs; the reinforcing ribs are used for supporting the arched plate surface; and the long edge is fixed on the arched plate surface.

[0013] Optionally, the thickness of the arched plate surface is 1-5 mm, and the bending angle is 7-15 degrees.

[0014] Optionally, the deflection of the arched plate surface is 20-40 mm.

[0015] Optionally, the plate material of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is Rogers 4350B.

[0016] Optionally, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are formed by using copper foils with a thickness of 0.017-0.07 mm.

[0017] Optionally, the number of the array element antennas is 16.

[0018] Optionally, two-dimensional large-angle beam coverage is realized by electrically controlling scanning of the plurality of array element antennas.

[0019] The application further provides an array element antenna of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning, comprising a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer.

[0020] One long edge of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on an arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate.

[0021] The first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part, a first sawtooth part, a second impedance matching part and a first fin part connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part is circumscribed by a feeding line; the second metal layer comprises a first grounding part, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part, a third impedance matching part and a second fin part connected in sequence.

[0022] The first impedance matching part and the first grounding part are located opposite to each other; the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part are located opposite to each other and arranged in a staggered manner; the second impedance matching part and the second grounding part are located opposite to each other; and the first fin part and the second fin part are arranged in a mirror image manner.

[0023] In the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning provided by the application, the first impedance matching part, the first sawtooth part, the second impedance matching part, the first grounding part, the second sawtooth part, the second grounding part cooperate with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP leaky waveguide; the first fin part and the second fin part cooperate with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP end-fire antenna; the third impedance matching part cascades the SSPP leaky waveguide and the SSPP end-fire antenna; thus, through the low-pass transmission characteristic of the SSPP leaky waveguide, the cascaded SSPP end-fire antenna forms a combined array antenna structure, thereby realizing the coexistence of multiple radiation modes. Based on this antenna structure, two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning can be realized in the form of one-dimensional frequency scanning + one-dimensional electric control, and the cost of the array control system is greatly reduced, so that more advantageous beam detection and scanning effects can be realized at the level of low-cost phased arrays.

[0024] The application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and the application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning provided by an embodiment of the application;

[0026] Figure 2 is Figure 1 a structural schematic diagram of an array antenna in the antenna shown in

[0027] Figure 3 is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view of the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part in the array antenna shown in

[0028] Figure 4 is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view of the first fin part and the second fin part in the array antenna shown in

[0029] Figure 5 is Figure 2 a partial enlarged view of the second fin part in the array antenna shown in

[0030] Fig. 6(a) is an S parameter diagram of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna example provided in an embodiment of the application;

[0031] Fig. 6(b) is a beam pointing diagram of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna example provided in an embodiment of the application;

[0032] Fig. 6(c) is a radiation efficiency diagram of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna example provided in an embodiment of the application at each frequency point;

[0033] Fig. 6(d) is a frequency scanning cut-plane pattern diagram of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna example provided in an embodiment of the application at each frequency point;

[0034] Fig. 6(e) is a beam pattern along a phase scanning plane of an example of the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Reference signs:

[0036] 1, first impedance matching part; 2, first sawtooth part; 3, second impedance matching part; 4, first fin part; 5, first ground part; 6, second ground part; 7, third impedance matching part; 8, second fin part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present application will be further described below in connection with specific embodiments, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0038] Referring to Figures 1-5 , the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning provided in an embodiment of the present application comprises an arched metal base and a plurality of array element antennas arranged in sequence on the arched metal base. The number n of the array element antennas is not limited, and can be, for example, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 16 or 20, etc.

[0039] Referring to Figures 2-5 , each array element antenna comprises a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer. The first metal layer and the second metal layer can be formed by copper foil with a thickness of 0.017-0.07 mm, but are not limited thereto. The strip-shaped dielectric plate can be Rogers 4350B, which has a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a loss tangent angle of 0.0037. The type of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.

[0040] Referring to Figures 1-2 , one long edge of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on the arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate. It can be understood that the first surface and the second surface are two opposite surfaces of the strip-shaped dielectric plate.

[0041] Referring to Figure 2 , the first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part 1, a first sawtooth part 2, a second impedance matching part 3 and a first fin part 4 connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part 1 is circumscribed by a feeding line; and the second metal layer comprises a first ground part 5, a second sawtooth part, a second ground part 6, a third impedance matching part 7 and a second fin part 8 connected in sequence.

[0042] Figure 2 In order to clearly show the positional correspondence of the parts, the first ground part 5, the second ground part 6 and the third impedance matching part 7 are shown in perspective, and in actuality Figure 2The first grounding portion 5, the second grounding portion 6 and the third impedance matching portion 7 cannot be seen from the view angle.

[0043] The first fin portion 4 and the second fin portion 8 each include a strip-shaped microstrip stub and a plurality of parallel stubs connected to the strip-shaped microstrip stub, the lengths of the parallel stubs gradually decrease with the distance from the antenna feed port, forming a triangular fin structure, i.e., the fins of the first fin portion and the second fin portion.

[0044] Referring to Figure 2 The first impedance matching portion 1 and the first grounding portion 5 are opposite to each other; the first sawtooth portion 2 and the second sawtooth portion are opposite to each other, and the sawteeth are staggered, Figure 2 The second sawtooth portion is not shown in the figure; the sawteeth can be rectangular sawteeth, semicircular sawteeth, triangular sawteeth or trapezoidal sawteeth, etc. Alternatively, the heights of the sawteeth distributed from the middle to the two ends of the first sawtooth portion 2 and the second sawtooth portion gradually decrease. In this way, the momentum matching of the microstrip transmission mode and the SSPP planar wave mode can be achieved. The second impedance matching portion 3 and the second grounding portion 6 are opposite to each other; the fins of the first fin portion 4 and the second fin portion 8 are mirror image arranged. Moreover, along the signal propagation direction, the length of the strip-shaped microstrip stub of the first fin portion 4 is equal to the sum of the lengths of the strip-shaped microstrip stub of the second fin portion 8 and the third impedance matching portion 7.

[0045] As to the arched metal base, there are various specific structural composition manners. Exemplarily, in an implementation manner, the arched metal base can include an arched plate surface, the two ends of the arched plate surface serve as supports, and the long edges of the strip-shaped dielectric plate are fixed on the arched plate surface, so that the entire antenna structure is supported by the arched metal base. The arched metal base can be made of aluminum alloy, of course, but is not limited thereto.

[0046] In another implementation manner, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 , the arched metal base can include an arched plate surface 9 and a plurality of reinforcing ribs 10; the reinforcing ribs 10 serve to support the arched plate surface; the reinforcing ribs 10 can also be made of aluminum alloy, for example, can be integrally formed with or welded to the arched plate surface 9, which is all possible. In this implementation manner, the long edges of the strip-shaped dielectric plate are also fixed on the arched plate surface.

[0047] The deflection H of the arched plate surface 9 is preferably 20-40 mm. Preferably, the thickness of the arched plate surface 9 can be 1-5 mm, and the bending angle can be 7-15 degrees.

[0048] When the above array element antenna works, the radio frequency signal with the frequency of f0~4f0 is fed into one end of the first impedance matching part 1 in a frequency sweeping mode, and before the cutoff frequency of the SSPP leaky waveguide, the energy can be transmitted to the SSPP end-fire antenna through the low-loss SSPP waveguide for radiation. Wherein, the front end of the SSPP end-fire antenna is in a low-pass transmission mode at f0, so the array element antenna can realize effective radiation mode around f0. After experiencing a short closed blocking frequency band, the antenna enters the leaky wave working mode, and around f0, the antenna shows a backward end-fire mode, and at 1.4*f0, the antenna works in a backward radiation state, and then scans from backward to forward with the frequency. Here, the division of forward and backward is distinguished by the direction of the fed signal, and the same direction as the fed signal is forward, and the opposite direction is backward. When the length of the double-layer dispersion period structure formed by the first fin part 4 and the second fin part 8 cooperates with the strip-shaped dielectric plate is discontinuously modulated, the leaky wave beam is directed to the normal direction (the vertical direction of the arched plate surface) at 2.2*f0, and there is usually a short open blocking band effect. Thus, the scanning of the backward beam has been completed, and the antenna enters a forward radiation mode. In the forward radiation state, due to the smaller slope of the periodic dispersion curve in the entering Brillouin radiation area, the beam scanning with the frequency changes slowly, resulting in a backward radiation scanning mode at 2.2*f0~4*f0, and the beam pointing angle usually shows a near-end-fire state at 4*f0. Considering the coverage range of the 3dB beam width, in the frequency sweeping mode of f0~4*f0, the beam coverage range can realize 180° coverage of the upper half space. At the same time, the radiation efficiency of the array element antenna is greater than 60% above f0, which is due to the too long waveguide transmission structure, resulting in too large transmission loss. In addition, the 2D beam coverage range of the frequency scanning section of the array element antenna is a single beam scanning with the frequency change within f0~4*f0, which can effectively realize 180° coverage of the upper half space, but there is a large gain fluctuation at some frequency points, which is due to the influence of the metal arched plate surface on the electric field distribution of the waveguide leakage, resulting in that the normal gain is less than the 3D gain. The 3dB beam width of the array element antenna along the phase scanning plane is usually 100° (the beam pointing direction is the normal direction), which is sufficient to realize the beam scanning range of ±45° in another dimension of electrically controlled phase scanning.

[0049] In summary, in the embodiment of the present application, the first impedance matching part 1, the first sawtooth part 2, the second impedance matching part 3, the first ground part 5, the second sawtooth part, the second ground part 6 cooperate with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP (artificial surface plasmon) leaky waveguide, and the leaky waveguide can realize unilateral large-angle leakage. Since the periodic artificial surface plasmon structure formed by the periodically arranged sawtooth has strong dispersion and strong localization, the leaky waveguide can still ensure good large-angle frequency scanning performance in the conformal design.

[0050] In the embodiment of the present application, the first fin part 4 and the second fin part 8 cooperate with the strip-shaped dielectric plate to form an SSPP end-fire antenna, which adopts a double-layer mirror image structure capable of exciting high-order modes simultaneously, and realizes miniaturization and wideband end-fire radiation mode; meanwhile, due to the strong local area characteristics of the periodic artificial surface plasmon structure formed by the periodically arranged sawtooth, the antenna still has certain conformal ability.

[0051] In the embodiment of the present application, the third impedance matching part 7 is used to cascade the SSPP leaky waveguide and the SSPP end-fire antenna. Thus, by using the low-pass transmission characteristics of the periodic artificial surface plasmon, the SSPP end-fire antenna is cascaded at the end of the SSPP leaky waveguide to form a combined array antenna structure, and multiple radiation modes coexist are realized. Meanwhile, the end-fire antenna compensates for the scanning blind area that the leaky waveguide cannot cover, and realizes 180° beam coverage range in a single dimension; on this basis, through one-dimensional electrically controlled scanning in the phase dimension, two-dimensional large-angle beam coverage can be realized, so that while realizing two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning in the form of one-dimensional frequency scanning + one-dimensional electrically controlled, the cost of the array control system is greatly reduced, and more advantageous beam detection and scanning effects can be realized on the low-cost phased array level. It can be understood that the one-dimensional frequency scanning here refers to frequency scanning of a single array antenna, and the one-dimensional electrically controlled refers to control scanning of the feeding phase of each array antenna.

[0052] In one specific example, the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna includes 16 array antennas, the structure width W of the entire conformal phased array antenna along the array direction is 180 mm, the structure length L along the signal propagation direction is 280 mm, the strip-shaped dielectric plate in the array antenna adopts Rogers 4350B, the first metal layer and the second metal layer are formed by copper foil, the arched metal base includes an arched plate surface and two reinforcing ribs, and the specific structure parameters of the antenna are as shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1

[0054]

[0055]

[0056] When the above array element antenna works, the radio frequency signals of 10GHz (f0) ~ 40GHz (4*f0) are fed into one end of the first impedance matching part 1 in a frequency sweeping manner, and before the cutoff frequency of the SSPP leaky waveguide, the energy can be transmitted to the SSPP end-fire antenna through the low-loss SSPP leaky waveguide for radiation. The S parameters of the array element antenna are shown in Figure 6(a), and it can be seen from Figure 6(a) that the antenna behaves as a wideband traveling wave structure. Among them, the front-end SSPP end-fire antenna is in a low-pass transmission mode at 10GHz, and the insertion loss when entering the SSPP end-fire antenna is about 2.0dB. The S parameter shown in Figure 6(a) shows that the array element antenna realizes an effective radiation mode at about 10GHz. After experiencing a short closed blocking band, the antenna enters a leaky wave working mode. Figure 6(b) shows the beam pointing condition of the antenna. It can be seen that at about 10GHz, the antenna behaves as a backward end-fire mode of -180°. After that, the array element antenna enters the leaky wave working state at 14GHz (1.4*f0), and first works in a backward radiation state, which is scanned from backward to normal direction with frequency; at about 22GHz (2.2*f0), the leaky wave beam pointing is normal, and there is a short open blocking band. By then, the scanning of the backward beam has ended, and the antenna enters a forward radiation mode. In the forward radiation state, due to the smaller slope of the period dispersion curve in the Bragg radiation region, the beam scanning with frequency changes slowly. Therefore, as can be seen from Figure 6(b), 22GHz~40GHz is a forward radiation scanning mode, and the beam pointing angle is 150° at 40GHz. Considering the coverage range of 3dB beam width, in the frequency sweeping mode of 10GHz~40GHz, the beam coverage range can realize 180° coverage of the upper half space. Figure 6(c) shows that the radiation efficiency of the array element antenna is greater than 60% at 10GHz and above, which is due to the too long waveguide transmission structure, resulting in too large transmission loss. The 2D beam coverage range of the frequency-sweep cross section of the array element antenna is shown in Figure 6(d), and the results show that the beam coverage range is a single-beam scanning with frequency change in 10GHz~40GHz, effectively realizing 180° coverage of the upper half space, but there is a large gain fluctuation at some frequency points, which is due to the influence of the metal arched plate on the electric field distribution of the waveguide leakage, resulting in a normal gain less than the 3D gain. Finally, Figure 6(e) shows the beam diagram of the array element antenna along the phase-scan plane at a frequency of 22GHz, and it can be seen that the 3dB beam width is 115° (the beam pointing is in the normal direction), which is sufficient to realize a beam scanning range of ±45° in the other dimension of electrically controlled phase scanning.

[0057] The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle beam scanning provided by the embodiment of the application realizes full-dimensional beam scanning in one dimension by adopting a one-dimensional frequency scanning antenna, and realizes large-angle beam coverage in another dimension by an electrically controlled manner, thereby not only realizing two-dimensional large-angle beam scanning while maintaining high-efficiency radiation performance, but also significantly reducing system cost, having a wide application prospect, being particularly suitable for antenna application scenarios requiring large-angle beam coverage, and having important practical application significance.

[0058] The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle beam scanning provided by the embodiment of the application realizes 180° beam scanning by combining multiple radiation modes, and realizes large-angle scanning in another dimension in the form of one-dimensional electrically controlled array, thereby comprehensively improving the system performance of the conformal phased array and effectively reducing system cost.

[0059] Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the application further provides an array element antenna of a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large-angle scanning, referring to Figures 2-5 The array element antenna comprises a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer.

[0060] One long side of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on an arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate.

[0061] The first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part 1, a first sawtooth part 2, a second impedance matching part 3 and a first fin part 4 connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part is circumscribed by a feeding wire; the second metal layer comprises a first grounding part 5, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part 6, a third impedance matching part 7 and a second fin part 8 connected in sequence.

[0062] The first impedance matching part 1 and the first grounding part 5 are located opposite to each other; the first sawtooth part 2 and the second sawtooth part are located opposite to each other and are arranged in a staggered manner; the second impedance matching part 3 and the second grounding part 6 are located opposite to each other; and the first fin part 4 and the second fin part 8 are mirror-image arranged.

[0063] For the array element antenna embodiment, the structure is the same as that of the array element antenna in the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna embodiment, so the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the part of the multi-modal conformal phased array antenna embodiment.

[0064] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", and so on do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence, but are used to distinguish similar objects. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchanged under appropriate circumstances, so that the embodiments of the disclosure described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of devices and methods consistent with some aspects of the present disclosure.

[0065] In the description of the present specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "an example", "a specific example", or "some examples" and the like means that the specific features or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In the present specification, the illustrative description of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Also, the specific features or characteristics described can be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples described in the present specification.

[0066] Although the present application is described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, other variations of the disclosed embodiments can be understood and implemented by those skilled in the art with reference to the drawings and the disclosure. In the description of the present application, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, "one" or "an" does not exclude a plurality, and "plurality" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified. In addition, some measures are described in different embodiments, but this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

[0067] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "transverse", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the indicated device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0068] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, the terms "mounting", "connected", "connecting", "fixed", and the like should be understood broadly, for example, can be fixed connection, can also be detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0069] In the present application, unless specifically defined and limited otherwise, "on" or "under" of the first feature to the second feature can include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, "on", "above" and "above" of the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. "Below", "below" and "below" of the first feature to the second feature include that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or only indicates that the horizontal height of the first feature is less than that of the second feature.

[0070] The above is a further detailed description of the present application in combination with specific preferred embodiments, and cannot be considered as limiting the specific implementation of the present application to these descriptions. For those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs, without departing from the concept of the present application, a number of simple deductions or substitutions can also be made, which should be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for large angle scanning, characterized in that, The application relates to an array antenna, which comprises an arched metal base and a plurality of array elements arranged on the arched metal base in sequence. The array element antenna comprises a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer. One long side of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on the arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate. The first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part, a first sawtooth part, a second impedance matching part and a first fin part which are connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part is circumscribed by a feeding line; the second metal layer comprises a first grounding part, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part, a third impedance matching part and a second fin part which are connected in sequence. The first impedance matching part and the first grounding part are located opposite to each other; the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part are located opposite to each other and are arranged in a staggered manner; the second impedance matching part and the second grounding part are located opposite to each other; the first fin part and the second fin part are arranged in a mirror image manner; and the sawtooth heights of the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part gradually decrease from the middle to the two ends. The arched metal base comprises an arched plate surface and a plurality of reinforcing ribs; the reinforcing ribs are used for supporting the arched plate surface; and the long side is fixed on the arched plate surface. The thickness of the arched plate surface is 1-5 mm, and the bending angle is 7-15 degrees.

2. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The deflection of the arched plate surface is 20-40 mm.

3. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein, The plate material of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is Rogers 4350B.

4. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 2, wherein, The first metal layer and the second metal layer are both formed by copper foils with a thickness of 0.017-0.07 mm.

5. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The number of the array element antennas is 16.

6. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein, Two-dimensional large-angle beam coverage is realized by electrically controlling scanning of the plurality of array element antennas.

7. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of claim 1, wherein, The application relates to an array antenna, which comprises a strip-shaped dielectric plate, a first metal layer and a second metal layer.

8. The multi-modal conformal phased array antenna of any of claims 1-7, wherein, One long side of the strip-shaped dielectric plate is fixed on an arched metal base, and the strip-shaped dielectric plate is perpendicular to the arched metal base; the first metal layer is located on a first plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate, and the second metal layer is located on a second plate surface of the strip-shaped dielectric plate.

9. A unit cell antenna for a multi-modal conformal phased array antenna for wide angle scanning, the unit cell antenna comprising: The first metal layer comprises a first impedance matching part, a first sawtooth part, a second impedance matching part and a first fin part which are connected in sequence; the first impedance matching part is circumscribed by a feeding line; the second metal layer comprises a first grounding part, a second sawtooth part, a second grounding part, a third impedance matching part and a second fin part which are connected in sequence. The first impedance matching part and the first grounding part are located opposite to each other; the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part are located opposite to each other and are arranged in a staggered manner; the second impedance matching part and the second grounding part are located opposite to each other; the first fin part and the second fin part are arranged in a mirror image manner; and the sawtooth heights of the first sawtooth part and the second sawtooth part gradually decrease from the middle to the two ends. ​ ​ ​

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