Rapid drilling bit device for hard rock stratum drilling

Abstract

The invention provides a quick drilling bit device for hard rock stratum drilling. According to the rapid drilling drill bit device for hard rock stratum drilling, by means of the rotary connecting unit, a rotary drill bit keeps rotating motion relative to a first-stage sleeve in the drilling process, and meanwhile the first-stage sleeve is driven to move forwards; a sleeve mounting hole is formed in a rotary drill bit along the axis, an impact sleeve is mounted in the sleeve mounting hole, an impact cavity formed in the impact sleeve is utilized, high-pressure gas is provided for the interior of the impact cavity through a first gas channel and a second gas channel, the impact drill bit is driven to linearly move along an impact guide cylinder, and hard rock in front of a drilled hole is subjected to impact fracture; after the rock is impacted and fractured, the action of the percussion bit is stopped, and meanwhile, the percussion bit is tightly pressed on the upper end face of the rotating bit through a first air channel and a second air channel; and the drill rod rotates to drive the rotary drill bit to rotate, so that the broken rock is stripped.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of tunnel engineering, and in particular to a drill bit device for fast drilling holes in hard rock formations. Background Art

[0002] As tunnel projects place increasingly higher demands on the stability of the surrounding rock after drilling, the requirements for rock drilling drill bits are becoming more diversified in order to achieve higher engineering expectations.

[0003] At present, the drill bits used for rock drilling are mainly single drill bits. For example, column-tooth drill bits are mainly used for rock breaking projects in various mines, transportation, water conservancy, lanes, tunnel excavation, quarrying and municipal construction, and are used for dry and wet drilling of medium-hard and hard rocks; straight-shaped drill bits are suitable for drilling rock holes with a diameter of less than 50 mm and for drilling low-hardness rocks.

[0004] When it comes to drilling into hard rock formations, traditional single drill bits have problems such as low drilling efficiency and slow drilling speed. The drill bits strip away layers of rock during the drilling process, and when faced with hard rock formations with greater overall strength, the drill bits have difficulty moving, which greatly affects the construction progress.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a technical solution to the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present application is to provide a drill bit device for fast drilling in hard rock formations, so as to solve or alleviate the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0007] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following technical solutions: The present application provides a drill bit device for fast drilling holes in hard rock formations, comprising: a drilling module, a primary casing and a connecting drill rod; the drilling module comprises: a rotary drill bit, a rotary connection unit, an impact drill bit, an impact sleeve and an impact guide cylinder; the rotary drill bit is truncated, with a mounting groove provided on the bottom surface and a through sleeve mounting hole provided along the axis; wherein the rotary connection unit is installed in the mounting groove, and the impact sleeve is tightly fitted in the sleeve mounting hole; the rotary connection unit comprises: a rotating ring, a fixed ring and a steel ball, there are two rotating rings, the two rotating rings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed ring, and the end faces of the rotating ring facing the fixed ring are both provided with rotating grooves, and a plurality of steel balls are installed in the rotating grooves; wherein the outer side wall of the rotating ring is tightly fitted with the mounting groove; an impact chamber with an upper end opening and a lower end closing is provided on the impact sleeve, the upper end face is provided with a guide mounting groove extending downward in the axial direction, and the lower end face is provided with a first airway and a second airway extending upward in the axial direction, the first airway and the second The upper ends of the air passages are respectively communicated with the impact chambers, and the upper end opening of the first air passage is close to the bottom of the guide mounting groove, and the upper end opening of the second air passage is close to the bottom surface of the impact chamber; the impact guide cylinder is threadedly connected to the guide mounting groove, and a plurality of guide grooves are arranged on the inner side wall; the impact drill bit comprises: an impact head and an impact rod, the impact head is conical, the radial dimension of the bottom surface of the impact head matches the radial dimension of the top surface of the rotary drill bit, the bottom of the impact head is connected to the impact rod, the side wall of the impact rod is provided with a guide boss matched with the guide groove, the lower end of the impact rod penetrates into the impact chamber after passing through the impact guide cylinder, and the lower end of the impact rod is connected to an impact piston; wherein the impact piston is located below the first air passage and above the second air passage; the outer side wall of the primary casing is connected to the inner side wall of the fixing ring, the upper end of the connecting drill rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the impact sleeve, and the connecting drill rod is coaxially sleeved in the primary casing.

[0008] Preferably, a clamping end cap is detachably connected to the bottom of the rotary drill bit, and a clamping boss is provided on the upper end surface of the clamping end cap, and the clamping boss presses the rotary connection unit axially.

[0009] Preferably, the distance between the upper end of the first air channel and the upper end of the second air channel is smaller than the length of the guide groove, and smaller than the length of the guide boss.

[0010] Preferably, the plurality of guide grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the impact guide cylinder, and the cross-section of the guide groove is rectangular.

[0011] Preferably, the upper end of the connecting drill rod is provided with a threaded countersunk hole, and the threaded countersunk hole is threadedly connected to the lower end of the impact sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, a threaded boss is provided at the lower end of the connecting drill rod, and the threaded boss matches the threaded countersunk hole.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting drill rod is further provided with a first air hole and a second air hole, both of which pass through the connecting drill rod along the axial direction, the first air hole is adapted to the first air duct, and the second air hole is adapted to the second air duct.

[0014] Preferably, it also includes: a secondary casing, the upper end of which is threadedly connected to the lower end of the primary casing, and a plurality of external liquid spray holes are provided on the side walls of the outer tube of the primary casing and the outer tube of the secondary casing; wherein the upper end of the primary casing is closed and the lower end is open; the upper end of the secondary casing is open and the lower end is axially provided with a liquid passing hole, and the liquid passing hole is located between the outer tube and the inner tube of the secondary casing.

[0015] Beneficial effects: In the drill bit device for fast drilling in hard rock formations provided by the embodiment of the present application, the rotary drill bit is truncated cone-shaped, and a mounting groove is provided on the bottom surface, and a rotary connection unit is installed in the mounting groove; the rotary connection unit includes: a rotary ring, a fixed ring and a steel ball, and there are two rotary rings, and the two rotary rings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed ring, and the end faces of the rotary ring and the fixed ring facing each other are provided with a rotary groove, and a plurality of steel balls are installed in the rotary groove; wherein, the outer wall of the rotary ring is tightly matched with the mounting groove; and the outer wall of the primary casing is connected with the inner wall of the fixed ring. Thus, through the rotary connection unit, the rotary drill bit maintains relative rotational motion with the primary sleeve during the drilling process, and drives the primary sleeve to move forward at the same time.

[0016] A through sleeve mounting hole is arranged along the axis of the rotary drill bit, and the sleeve mounting hole is tightly fitted with an impact sleeve; an impact chamber with an upper end open and a lower end closed is arranged on the impact sleeve, a guide mounting groove extending axially downward is arranged on the upper end surface, and a first air channel and a second air channel extending axially upward are arranged on the lower end surface; the impact guide cylinder is threadedly connected in the guide mounting groove, and a plurality of guide grooves are arranged on the inner side wall. A guide boss matching the guide groove is arranged on the side wall of the impact rod in the impact drill bit, and the lower end of the impact rod penetrates into the impact chamber after passing through the impact guide cylinder, and an impact piston is connected to the lower end of the impact rod. Thus, a sleeve mounting hole is arranged on the rotating drill bit along the axis, and an impact sleeve is installed in the sleeve mounting hole. By utilizing the impact chamber arranged on the impact sleeve, high-pressure gas is provided into the impact chamber through the first air channel and the second air channel, so as to drive the impact drill bit to move linearly along the impact guide tube, and to impact and fracture the hard rock in front of the borehole; after the rock impact fracture is completed, the impact drill bit is stopped, and at the same time, the impact drill bit is pressed against the upper end face of the rotating drill bit through the first air channel and the second air channel; the rotation of the drill rod drives the rotating drill bit to rotate, so as to realize the exploitation of the fractured rock. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The drawings constituting part of the present application are used to provide a further understanding of the present application. The exemplary embodiments and descriptions of the present application are used to explain the present application and do not constitute an improper limitation on the present application. Among them: Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of a drill bit device for fast drilling in hard rock formations provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of a drill bit device for rapid drilling of hard rock formations is shown; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Partial view at A in the middle; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a drilling module provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 5 Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the drilling module shown; Figure 6 A schematic diagram of the structure of a rotary drill bit provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Figure 7 Figure 6 a cross-sectional view of the rotary drill bit shown; Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of a rotating connection unit provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Fig. 9 A schematic structural diagram of an impact sleeve provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of an impact guide cylinder provided according to some embodiments of the present application; Fig.11 A schematic structural diagram of an impact drill bit is provided according to some embodiments of the present application.

[0018] Description of reference numerals: 1. Drilling module; 2. Primary casing; 3. Connecting drill pipe; 4. Secondary casing; 101, rotary drill bit; 102, rotary connection unit; 103, impact drill bit; 104, impact sleeve; 105, impact guide cylinder; 106, clamping end cover; 111, mounting groove; 121, sleeve mounting hole; 112, fixed ring; 122, rotating ring; 132, steel ball; 113, guide boss; 114, impact chamber; 124, guide mounting groove; 134, first air passage; 144, second air passage; 115. Guide groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with embodiments. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the present application and does not limit the present application. In fact, it will be clear to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations may be made in the present application without departing from the scope or spirit of the present application. For example, a feature shown or described as a part of an embodiment may be used in another embodiment to produce yet another embodiment. Therefore, it is desired that the present application includes such modifications and variations within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

[0020] In order to overcome the current problems of slow drilling and low drilling efficiency of a single drill bit into hard rock formations during drilling, the present application proposes a drill bit device for fast drilling in hard rock formations. Through the coordinated cooperation of the impact drill bit and the rotary drill, a construction process of first breaking and then drilling is implemented for the hard rock formation, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency of the hard rock formation. When the drill bit drills into the rock formation, the slurry pump is started, and the slurry passes through the annular casing and is injected into the rock formation from the external spray holes on the annular casing, effectively improving the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0021] like Figures 1 to 11 As shown, the fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations comprises: a drilling module 1, a primary casing 2, a connecting drill rod 3 and a secondary casing 4. The connecting drill rod 3 drives the drilling module 1 to break and drill the hard rock formation, thereby improving the construction efficiency of the hard rock formation. The primary casing 2 and the secondary casing 4 connected to the drilling module 1 are annular and perform grouting reinforcement on the hole wall after the drill bit is pushed forward, thereby improving the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0022] The drilling module 1 includes: a rotary drill bit 101, a rotary connection unit 102, an impact drill bit 103, an impact sleeve 104 and an impact guide cylinder 105. The rotary drill bit 101 is truncated cone-shaped, with a mounting groove 111 on the bottom surface and a through sleeve mounting hole 121 along the axis; the rotary connection unit 102 is installed in the mounting groove 111. Specifically, the rotary connection unit 102 includes: a rotary ring 122, a fixed ring 112 and a steel ball 132. There are two rotary rings 122, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed ring 112. The end faces of the rotary ring 122 and the fixed ring 112 facing each other are both provided with rotary grooves, and a plurality of steel balls 132 are installed in the rotary grooves. The outer wall of the rotating ring 122 is tightly matched with the installation groove 111; the fixing ring 112 is connected to the outer tube of the primary sleeve (for example, by welding or threading), so that the rotating drill bit 101 and the primary sleeve 2 can have relative rotational movement, and can drive the primary sleeve 2 to move forward with the rotating drill bit 101. Furthermore, the bottom of the rotating drill bit 101 is detachably connected with a clamping end cap 106, and the upper end surface of the clamping end cap 106 is provided with a clamping boss, which presses the rotating connection unit 102 in the axial direction.

[0023] The sleeve mounting hole 121 fits tightly with the impact sleeve 104; the impact sleeve 104 is provided with an impact chamber 114 which is open at the upper end and closed at the lower end, the upper end surface is provided with a guide mounting groove 124 extending axially downward, and the lower end surface is provided with a first air duct 134 and a second air duct 144 extending axially upward, the upper ends of the first air duct 134 and the second air duct 144 are respectively connected to the impact chamber 114, and the upper end opening of the first air duct 134 is close to the bottom of the guide mounting groove 124, and the upper end opening of the second air duct 144 is close to the bottom surface of the impact chamber 114.

[0024] The inner thread of the guide installation groove 124 is connected to the impact guide cylinder 105, and a plurality of guide grooves 115 are arranged on the inner side wall of the impact guide cylinder 105; the side wall of the impact rod of the impact drill bit 103 is provided with a guide boss 113 matched with the guide groove 115, and the lower end of the impact rod penetrates the impact guide cylinder 105 and goes deep into the impact chamber 114, and the lower end of the impact rod is connected to an impact piston; the impact piston is located below the first gas channel 134 and above the second gas channel 144. Thus, high-pressure gas is provided to the impact chamber 114 through the first gas channel 134 and the second gas channel 144, driving the impact piston to move along the axial direction, thereby driving the impact drill bit 103 to break the hard rock formation.

[0025] Furthermore, the first air passage 134 and the second air passage 144 are respectively connected to a pressure valve, and the impact movement of the impact piston is effectively controlled by controlling the opening pressure of the pressure valve. For example, by setting the opening pressure of the pressure valve, the impact piston performs a certain pressure buffer to avoid collision between the impact piston and the impact guide cylinder 105.

[0026] When the impact piston drives the impact drill bit 103 to break the rock, the structural relationship among the first air channel 134, the second air channel 144, the guide groove 115 and the guide boss 113 is utilized. Specifically, the distance between the upper end of the first air channel 134 and the upper end of the second air channel 144 is smaller than the length of the guide groove 115, and smaller than the length of the guide boss 113. In this way, the stroke of the impact piston in the impact chamber 114 is effectively controlled, and possible collision between the impact piston and the impact guide cylinder 105 is further avoided, thereby extending the service life of the components.

[0027] In order to further improve the breaking effect of the impact drill bit 103 on hard rock, the impact head of the impact drill bit 103 is conical, and the radial size of the bottom surface of the impact head matches the radial size of the top surface of the rotary drill bit 101. This not only effectively improves the impact effect of the impact drill bit 103 on the rock, but also makes the impact drill bit 103 and the rotary drill bit 101 have the same radial size at the joint surface, which is beneficial to improve the exploitation effect of the rotary drill bit 101 on the rock during the rotational movement.

[0028] When the rotary drill bit 101 exploits the compression by rotating, the impact drill bit 103 is pressed against the upper end surface of the rotating drill bit 101 through the first air channel 134 and the second air channel 144, and the impact sleeve 104 is driven by the rotation of the connected drill rod 3 to transmit the rotational force to the rotary drill bit 101 for rotation, thereby realizing the exploitation of the broken rock. In this process, the impact drill bit 103 is driven to rotate together by the cooperation of the guide groove 115 in the impact guide cylinder 105 and the guide boss 113 on the impact rod. Specifically, a plurality of guide grooves 115 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the impact guide cylinder 105, and the cross-section of the guide groove 115 is rectangular, whereby the rotational force is transmitted to the impact drill bit 103 by the cooperation of the guide groove 115 with a rectangular cross-section and the guide boss 113, driving the impact drill bit 103 to rotate together.

[0029] In the present application, a threaded countersunk hole is provided at the upper end of the connecting drill rod 3, and the threaded countersunk hole is threadedly connected to the lower end of the impact sleeve 104; a threaded boss is provided at the lower end of the connecting drill rod 3, and the threaded boss matches the threaded countersunk hole, thereby realizing an effective connection between the impact sleeve 104 and the connecting drill rod 3, as well as a connection and power transmission between different connecting drill rods 3.

[0030] The connecting drill rod 3 is also provided with a first air hole and a second air hole, both of which are connected along the axial direction of the connecting drill rod 3, the first air hole is adapted to the first air channel 134, and the second air hole is adapted to the second air channel 144. In this way, the high-pressure gas is transmitted to the impact chamber 114 along the axial direction of the connecting drill rod 3. Furthermore, in order to ensure the gas sealing effect between different connecting drill rods 3, a sealing gasket can be installed between the impact sleeve 104, the connecting drill rod 3, and between different connecting drill rods 3, or a sealing structure can be designed.

[0031] When the drill bit drills into the rock formation, the slurry pump is started, and the slurry passes through the annular casing and is injected into the rock formation through the external injection holes on the annular casing, effectively improving the stability of the surrounding rock. Specifically, the upper end of the secondary casing 4 is threadedly connected to the lower end of the primary casing 2, and multiple external injection holes are provided on the side walls of the outer tube of the primary casing 2 and the outer tube of the secondary casing 4; the upper end of the primary casing 2 is closed and the lower end is open; the upper end of the secondary casing 4 is open, and the lower end is provided with a liquid hole along the axial direction, and the liquid hole is located between the outer tube and the inner tube of the secondary casing 4. In this way, the slurry is transported into the annular casing through the liquid hole, and under the drive of the slurry pump, the slurry is injected into the rock formation through the external injection port on the outer tube of the annular casing (primary casing 2, secondary casing 4) to reinforce the rock formation.

[0032] In the present application, the rotary connection unit 102 is used to make the rotary drill bit 101 maintain relative rotational motion with the primary sleeve during the drilling process, and at the same time drive the primary sleeve to move forward; the impact chamber 114 provided on the impact sleeve 104 is used to provide high-pressure gas into the impact chamber 114, driving the impact drill bit 103 to move linearly along the impact guide tube 105, and impact-fracture the hard rock in front of the borehole; after the rock impact fracture is completed, the impact drill bit 103 is stopped, and at the same time, the impact drill bit 103 is pressed against the upper end face of the rotating drill bit 101; the rotation of the drill rod drives the rotary drill bit 101 to rotate, thereby realizing the exploitation of the fractured rock.

[0033] Thus, through the coordinated cooperation between the impact drill bit 103 and the rotary drill, the construction process of first breaking and then drilling is implemented for the hard rock formation, which greatly improves the drilling efficiency of the hard rock formation; when the drill bit drills into the rock formation, the slurry pump is started, and the slurry passes through the annular casing, and the external injection hole on the annular casing is used to grout and reinforce the hole wall after the drill bit is pushed forward, effectively improving the stability of the surrounding rock.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A drill bit device for fast drilling in hard rock formations, characterized in that: include: Drilling module, primary casing and connecting drill pipe; The drilling module comprises: a rotary drill bit, a rotary connection unit, an impact drill bit, an impact sleeve and an impact guide cylinder; The rotary drill bit is truncated cone-shaped, with a mounting groove on the bottom surface and a through sleeve mounting hole along the axis; wherein the rotary connection unit is mounted in the mounting groove, and the impact sleeve is tightly fitted in the sleeve mounting hole; The rotating connection unit comprises: a rotating ring, a fixed ring and steel balls. There are two rotating rings, which are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the fixed ring. The end faces of the rotating ring and the fixed ring facing each other are both provided with rotating grooves, and a plurality of steel balls are installed in the rotating grooves. The outer side wall of the rotating ring is tightly matched with the installation groove. The impact sleeve is provided with an impact chamber with an upper end open and a lower end closed, the upper end surface is provided with a guide installation groove extending axially downward, and the lower end surface is provided with a first air channel and a second air channel extending axially upward, the upper ends of the first air channel and the second air channel are respectively communicated with the impact chamber, and the upper end opening of the first air channel is close to the bottom of the guide installation groove, and the upper end opening of the second air channel is close to the bottom surface of the impact chamber; The impact guide cylinder is threadedly connected to the guide installation groove, and a plurality of guide grooves are arranged on the inner side wall; The impact drill bit comprises: an impact head and an impact rod, the impact head is conical, the radial dimension of the bottom surface of the impact head matches the radial dimension of the top surface of the rotary drill bit, the bottom of the impact head is connected to the impact rod, the side wall of the impact rod is provided with a guide boss matched with the guide groove, the lower end of the impact rod passes through the impact guide cylinder and penetrates into the impact chamber, and the lower end of the impact rod is connected to an impact piston; wherein the impact piston is located below the first air passage and above the second air passage; The outer side wall of the primary casing is connected to the inner side wall of the fixing ring, the upper end of the connecting drill rod is detachably connected to the lower end of the impact sleeve, and the connecting drill rod is coaxially sleeved in the primary casing.

2. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the rotary drill bit is detachably connected with a clamping end cover, and the upper end surface of the clamping end cover is provided with a clamping boss, and the clamping boss presses the rotary connection unit in the axial direction.

3. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the upper end of the first air channel and the upper end of the second air channel is smaller than the length of the guide groove and smaller than the length of the guide boss.

4. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of guide grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the impact guide cylinder, and the cross section of the guide groove is rectangular.

5. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the connecting drill rod is provided with a threaded countersunk hole, and the threaded countersunk hole is threadedly connected to the lower end of the impact sleeve.

6. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 4, characterized in that: A threaded boss is provided at the lower end of the connecting drill rod, and the threaded boss matches the threaded countersunk hole.

7. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting drill rod is also provided with a first air hole and a second air hole. The first air hole and the second air hole both penetrate along the axial direction of the connecting drill rod. The first air hole is adapted to the first air passage, and the second air hole is adapted to the second air passage.

8. The fast drilling drill bit device for drilling holes in hard rock formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: Also includes: A secondary casing, wherein the upper end of the secondary casing is threadedly connected to the lower end of the primary casing, and a plurality of external liquid spray holes are arranged on the side walls of the outer tube of the primary casing and the outer tube of the secondary casing; wherein the upper end of the primary casing is closed and the lower end is open; the upper end of the secondary casing is open and the lower end is axially provided with a liquid passing hole, and the liquid passing hole is located between the outer tube and the inner tube of the secondary casing.

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