Three-way independent dynamic servo control rock mass mechanical loading device

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of rock mass mechanical loading, in particular to a three-way independent dynamic servo control rock mass mechanical loading device. According to the technical scheme, a horizontal X-direction dynamic support and a horizontal Y-direction dynamic support are installed on stand columns of a frame support, a normal oil cylinder is installed on an upper cross beam of a frame, an X-direction oil cylinder is installed on the horizontal X-direction dynamic support, and a Y-direction oil cylinder is installed on the horizontal Y-direction dynamic support. All the servo valves adjust the control rates of different loading directions according to instructions sent by the control module, the controller adjusts the servo valves according to data fed back by the force sensor, the displacement sensor and the deformation sensor so as to control loading and unloading of the corresponding oil cylinders, and the normal oil cylinder acts on the shear box pressure head to provide normal acting force. The X-direction oil cylinder acts on the X-direction pressing head of the shear box and then transmits to the lower shear box, and the Y-direction oil cylinder acts on the Y-direction pressing head of the shear box and then transmits to the upper shear box, so that three-direction independent static and dynamic loading is realized. The method is suitable for three-way independent static and dynamic loading.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of rock mass mechanics loading, and in particular to a rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control. Background Art

[0002] As national key projects move towards the west, more and more engineering activities have to pass through or cross active fault zones, which poses new challenges to engineering construction and subsequent operation and maintenance. In addition, the three-dimensional dynamic characteristics of near-field strong earthquakes have an impact on the dynamic characteristics of engineering rock mass that cannot be ignored. Affected by geological activities, weathering and erosion, rock masses close to the surface often have developed structural surfaces and cracks. Rock mass fissures are common fracture surfaces or cracks in rock masses. Their formation is affected by many complex factors such as geological structural deformation, diagenesis, metamorphic history, hydrological action, and biological action. Under frequent earthquake disturbances, the instability and destruction of fractured rock masses often cause geological disasters such as rockfall, collapse and landslides, posing a serious threat to people's lives and property and the safety of infrastructure operations. In order to prevent and control such safety hazards, it is very important to carry out dynamic load structural surface shear tests under three-dimensional complex stress conditions.

[0003] The shear test device is a key technical equipment for laboratory research on the shear mechanical properties of rock structural surfaces and revealing the damage and failure mechanism and instability slip mechanism of structural surfaces. The existing rock mass and structural surface shear test devices have the following shortcomings. First, the existing rock mass and structural surface shear test equipment is generally suitable for quasi-static mechanical response characteristics, and cannot achieve dynamic independent control of three directions for three-way dynamic loading. Therefore, it cannot simulate the multi-directional complex stress conditions and complex boundary condition evolution characteristics of the rock mass structural surface in deep underground engineering. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a rock mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control, which realizes three-way independent static and dynamic loading by real-time coordinated control of the loading power provided by the normal, lateral and longitudinal loading cylinders in matching directions through a control module.

[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical scheme to achieve the above-mentioned purpose. The present invention provides a three-way independent dynamic servo-controlled rock mechanics loading device, including: a frame, a horizontal X-direction dynamic support, a horizontal Y-direction dynamic support, a normal oil cylinder, an X-direction oil cylinder, a Y-direction oil cylinder, a first servo valve, a second servo valve, a third servo valve, a first controller, a second controller, a third controller, a sensor, a shear box and a control module, wherein the shear box includes an upper shear box and a lower shear box, the horizontal X-direction dynamic support and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic support are installed on the column of the frame support, the normal oil cylinder is installed on the upper crossbeam of the frame, the X-direction oil cylinder is installed on the horizontal X-direction dynamic support, the Y-direction oil cylinder is installed on the horizontal Y-direction dynamic support, the first servo valve is connected to the X-direction oil cylinder and the first controller respectively, the second servo valve is connected to the normal oil cylinder and the second controller respectively, and the third servo valve is connected to the Y-direction oil cylinder and the third controller respectively;

[0006] The first servo valve, the second servo valve and the third servo valve respectively adjust the loading control rates in the X direction, the normal direction and the Y direction according to the instructions of the control module. The first controller, the second controller and the third controller respectively adjust the corresponding first servo valve, the second servo valve and the third servo valve according to the data fed back by the sensor, so as to control the loading of the X-direction cylinder, the normal cylinder and the Y-direction cylinder. The normal cylinder acts on the shear box pressure head to provide a normal force, the X-direction cylinder acts on the X-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the lower shear box, and the Y-direction cylinder acts on the Y-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the upper shear box, so as to realize three-way independent static and dynamic loading.

[0007] Furthermore, the device also includes a guide rail module, which includes a reaction cap, a reaction rod, a shear support, a roller, a ball bar, a linear guide rail and a screw driving module. The screw driving module drives the shear support to move on the linear guide rail, and the reaction cap is used to install the reaction rod on the shear support and the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket. When the X-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box, the reaction rod can limit the shear box to follow the X-direction shear force through the shear support.

[0008] Furthermore, the device also includes a horizontal reaction force module, which is installed at the intersection of the upper crossbeam and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic support, and limits the movement of the upper shear box along the Y direction when the Y-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box by supporting the axial pressure head.

[0009] Furthermore, the device also includes four oil pumps, which serve as loading power sources, two of which provide normal loading power for the normal cylinder, and the other two oil pumps provide shearing power for the X-direction and Y-direction cylinders respectively.

[0010] Furthermore, the device also includes a hydraulic pipeline and an overflow valve matching the three loading directions of normal, X and Y, and the pressure of the hydraulic pipeline is controlled by the overflow valve.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0012] Compared with the prior art, the device of the present invention can independently load the normal, lateral and longitudinal cylinders statically or dynamically, the servo valve adjusts the control rate of different loading directions according to the instructions issued by the control system, and the controller adjusts the servo valve according to the data fed back by the force, displacement and deformation sensors to control the loading and unloading of the cylinders, thereby realizing three-way independent static and dynamic loading, and simulating the evolution characteristics of multi-directional complex stress conditions and complex boundary conditions on the rock structure surface of deep underground engineering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of servo control of a rock mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a normal oil cylinder provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the X-direction and Y-direction oil cylinder structures provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a guide rail structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a horizontal reaction force module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-way independent static and dynamic loading principle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] In the attached drawings, 1-normal servo cylinder; 2-ball head fixing plate; 3-locating pin; 4-compression spring; 5-axial pressure head; 6-first limit baffle; 7-second limit baffle; 8-heightened flange; 9-shear plate sensor; 10-static 150T dynamic 120T servo cylinder; 11-1500KN spoke sensor; 12-horizontal pressure head; 13-reaction rod; 14-bottom roller block column; 15-needle roller; 16-bottom roller side block; 17-first baffle; 18-second baffle; 19-reaction cap; 20-shear support plate; 21-roller; 22-ball bar; 23-linear guide; 24-screw driven module; 25-reaction flange; 26-horizontal reaction pad; 27-horizontal wear-reducing upper top plate; 28-horizontal wear-reducing lower baffle column; 29-horizontal wear-reducing limit; 30-horizontal wear-reducing needle roller. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] To make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0021] The present invention provides a rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control, such as Figure 1 , Figure 6 As shown, it includes: a frame, a horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket, a horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket, a normal cylinder, an X-direction cylinder, a Y-direction cylinder, servo valves and controllers corresponding to the normal cylinder, the X-direction cylinder, and the Y-direction cylinder, a shear box and a control module, the shear box includes an upper shear box and a lower shear box, the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket are installed on the column of the frame support, the normal cylinder is installed on the upper crossbeam of the frame, the X-direction cylinder is installed on the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket, the Y-direction cylinder is installed on the horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket, each loading direction matches the corresponding hydraulic pipeline, and the overflow valve controls the pipeline pressure. Each servo valve adjusts the control rate of different loading directions (normal, X-direction, and Y-direction) according to the instructions issued by the control module. The controller adjusts the servo valve according to the data fed back by the force, displacement, and deformation sensors to control the loading and unloading of the corresponding cylinders. The normal cylinder acts on the shear box pressure head to provide a normal force, the X-direction cylinder acts on the X-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the lower shear box, and the Y-direction cylinder acts on the Y-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the upper shear box, realizing three-way independent static and dynamic loading.

[0022] Specifically, the normal cylinder structure is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes a normal servo cylinder 1, an axial sensor cap, a ball head fixing plate 2, a positioning pin 3, a compression spring 4, an axial pressure head 5, a first limit baffle 6, a second limit baffle 7, a thrust joint bearing, a displacement sensor, a heightened flange 8, a shear plate sensor 9 and a ball bar. The joint mechanism composed of the ball head fixing 2, the positioning pin 3, the compression spring 4, the axial pressure head 5, and the thrust joint bearing can move slightly to protect the shear plate sensor from being damaged by horizontal forces. The ball bar is embedded on the axial pressure head to reduce the horizontal Y-direction friction. The normal servo cylinder 1 adopts a static 200T dynamic 150T servo cylinder, and the shear plate sensor 9 adopts a 2000KN shear plate sensor.

[0023] Specifically, the X-axis and Y-axis cylinder structures are as follows: Figure 3 As shown, it is similar to the normal oil cylinder structure, including a horizontal servo cylinder 10, a horizontal sensor cap, a ball head fixing plate, a positioning pin, a compression spring, a horizontal pressure head 12, a limit baffle, a thrust joint bearing, a displacement sensor, a spoke sensor 11 and a ball bar, etc., to provide horizontal X and Y forces. The horizontal servo cylinder 10 uses a static 150T dynamic 120T servo cylinder, and the spoke sensor 11 uses a 1500KN spoke sensor.

[0024] Specifically, the device also includes a guide rail module, and the guide rail module structure is as follows Figure 4As shown, it includes a reaction rod 13, a bottom rolling block column 14, a needle roller 15, a bottom rolling side block 16, a first baffle 17, a second baffle 18, a reaction cap 19, a shearing support plate 20, a rolling block 21, a ball bar 22, a linear guide rail 23 and a lead screw driving module 24. The bottom rolling block column 14 and the bottom rolling block 16 are connected end to end to form a rectangular space. The needle roller 15 is evenly arranged in the rectangular space, and the first baffle 17 and the second baffle 18 are arranged at the beginning and the end to limit the displacement. The lead screw driving module 24 is arranged to drive the shearing support plate 20 to move on the linear guide rail 23. The reaction rod 13 is installed on the shearing support plate and the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket with the reaction cap 19. When the X-direction oil cylinder applies force to the shearing box, the reaction rod can limit the lower shearing box to follow the X-direction shear force through the shearing support plate. It can ensure that the lower shearing box will not move due to the X-direction loading during the shear test, and ensure the accuracy of the three-way loading.

[0025] Specifically, the device also includes a horizontal reaction force module, and the structure of the horizontal reaction force module is as follows: Figure 5 As shown, it includes a reaction flange 25, a horizontal reaction pad 26, a horizontal wear-reducing upper top plate 27, a horizontal wear-reducing lower stop column 28, a horizontal wear-reducing limiter 29, a horizontal wear-reducing needle roller 30, a wear-reducing roller row and a hydraulic buffer. The reaction flange 25 is horizontally connected to the horizontal reaction pad 26 by screws, the horizontal wear-reducing upper top plate 27 is connected to the top of the reaction flange 25 by screws, the horizontal wear-reducing lower stop column 28 is connected to the bottom of the reaction flange 25 by screws, the horizontal wear-reducing limiter 29 is respectively connected to both sides of the reaction flange 25 for limiting horizontal displacement, and the horizontal wear-reducing needle rollers 30 are evenly arranged on the surface of the reaction flange 25.

[0026] The horizontal reaction force module is installed at the intersection of the upper crossbeam and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket. By holding up the axial pressure head, it limits the upper shear box from moving in the Y direction when the Y-direction oil cylinder applies force to the shear box. This ensures the accuracy of three-way loading. The ball bar and the upper roller row work together to limit the movement of the lower shear box in the X direction without affecting its Y-direction shearing function, providing the feasibility of three-way independent loading.

[0027] During the test, the shear box is determined according to the test requirements, and then the shape and size of the sample are determined. The sample is placed in the shear box, placed on the guide rail and sent to the test position for testing.

[0028] In the device of the present invention, the oil cylinders in the three loading directions of normal, X and Y are respectively equipped with separate controllers and servo valves, and four oil pumps are used as loading power sources, among which two oil pumps provide normal loading power for the normal oil cylinder, and the other two oil pumps provide shearing power for the X and Y cylinders respectively. The loading devices in the three directions are matched with corresponding hydraulic pipelines, and the pipeline pressure is controlled by the controller overflow valve. The servo valves in the three directions adjust the control size and direction of different loading directions according to the instructions issued by the control module. The controller positively feedbacks and coordinates the servo valves according to the data provided by the force, displacement and deformation sensors to control the loading and unloading of the oil cylinders.

[0029] A friction-reducing roller and a shear box pressure head are arranged between the normal pressure head and the upper shear box. Since the friction-reducing roller and the shear box pressure head are in linear contact, when the force is transmitted to the friction-reducing roller and the shear box pressure head, the single concentrated force will be converted into a uniformly distributed surface load, and the uniformly distributed load can move with the friction-reducing roller. Under the action of the uniformly distributed load, the point of action of the normal force will not change, ensuring that the point of action of the normal force will not shift when the X and Z directions are loaded at the same time, thereby ensuring accurate loading of the three-way action point.

[0030] The normal cylinder acts on the shear box pressure head to provide a normal force, the X-direction cylinder acts on the X-direction pressure head and then transmits it to the lower shear box, the Y-direction cylinder acts on the Y-direction pressure head and then transmits it to the upper shear box, and the X-direction and Y-direction cylinders are respectively placed on the upper shear box and the lower shear box, which can ensure that the point of action of the resultant force passes through the center of the shear box during horizontal loading, and the X-direction and Y-direction cylinders are arranged separately to avoid the problem of mutual offset of opposite forces in the same direction, and can better realize three-way independent static and dynamic loading; a Y-direction reaction force device is set on the lower shear box to limit the movement of the lower shear box with the X-direction shear force, which can prevent the lower shear box from moving with the Y-direction shear force when the horizontal Y-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box and affecting the shearing result; an X-direction reaction force device is set on the upper shear box to limit the upper shear box from moving along the X direction when the horizontal X-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box, and prevent the displacement of the upper shear box from being affected when the X moves to the lower shear box, thereby realizing three-way independent static and dynamic loading.

[0031] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the form disclosed herein, and should not be regarded as excluding other embodiments, but can be used in various other combinations, modifications and environments, and can be modified within the scope of the concept described herein through the above teachings or the technology or knowledge of the relevant field. The changes and modifications made by those skilled in the art shall not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and shall be within the scope of protection of the claims attached to the present invention.

Claims

1. A three-way independent dynamic servo-controlled rock mass mechanics loading device, characterized in that: include: A frame, a horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket, a horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket, a normal oil cylinder, an X-direction oil cylinder, a Y-direction oil cylinder, a first servo valve, a second servo valve, a third servo valve, a first controller, a second controller, a third controller, a sensor, a shear box and a control module, wherein the shear box comprises an upper shear box and a lower shear box, the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket are mounted on the upright column of the frame support, the normal oil cylinder is mounted on the upper crossbeam of the frame, the X-direction oil cylinder is mounted on the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket, the Y-direction oil cylinder is mounted on the horizontal Y-direction dynamic bracket, the first servo valve is connected to the X-direction oil cylinder and the first controller respectively, the second servo valve is connected to the normal oil cylinder and the second controller respectively, and the third servo valve is connected to the Y-direction oil cylinder and the third controller respectively; The first servo valve, the second servo valve and the third servo valve respectively adjust the loading control rates in the X direction, the normal direction and the Y direction according to the instructions of the control module. The first controller, the second controller and the third controller respectively adjust the corresponding first servo valve, the second servo valve and the third servo valve according to the data fed back by the sensor, so as to control the loading of the X-direction cylinder, the normal cylinder and the Y-direction cylinder. The normal cylinder acts on the shear box pressure head to provide a normal force, the X-direction cylinder acts on the X-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the lower shear box, and the Y-direction cylinder acts on the Y-direction pressure head of the shear box and then transmits it to the upper shear box, so as to realize three-way independent static and dynamic loading.

2. The rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes a guide rail module, which includes a reaction cap, a reaction rod, a shear support, a bottom roller block, a bottom roller block, a needle roller, a first baffle, a second baffle, a linear guide rail and a lead screw driven module. The bottom roller block and the bottom roller block are connected end to end to form a rectangular space, the needle rollers are evenly arranged in the rectangular space, and the first baffle and the second baffle are respectively arranged at the head and tail to limit the displacement. The lead screw driven module drives the shear support to move on the linear guide rail, and the reaction rod is installed on the shear support and the horizontal X-direction dynamic bracket with a reaction cap. When the X-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box, the reaction rod limits the shear box to follow the X-direction shear force through the shear support.

3. The rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes a horizontal reaction force module, which is installed at the intersection of the upper crossbeam and the horizontal Y-direction dynamic support. By supporting the axial pressure head, the upper shear box is restricted from moving along the Y direction when the Y-direction cylinder applies force to the shear box.

4. The rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes four oil pumps, which serve as loading power sources, two of which provide normal loading power for the normal cylinder, and the other two provide shearing power for the X-direction and Y-direction cylinders respectively.

5. The rock mass mechanics loading device with three-way independent dynamic servo control according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The device also includes a hydraulic pipeline and an overflow valve matching the three loading directions of normal, X and Y, and the pressure of the hydraulic pipeline is controlled by the overflow valve.

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