Novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of map design, and discloses a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method comprising the following steps: S1, obtaining indoor layout information and spatial structure data of a commercial building; s2, performing saliency calculation on the indoor landmark according to the earthquake situation saliency, the visual saliency, the individual attribute saliency and the space saliency; s3, extracting landmarks, and establishing a corresponding relationship between landmark levels and map scales; s4, designing a base map element layer, and ensuring that base map elements have relatively low visual saliency; s5, designing a thematic element layer; and S6, superposing the base map element layer and the thematic element layer to generate an emergency evacuation map. According to the method, saliency evaluation and visual design optimization are comprehensively utilized, and gender difference is considered, so that the evacuation efficiency and accuracy of the emergency evacuation map are remarkably improved, and the cognitive pressure of a user under an emergency condition is greatly relieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of map design, and in particular to a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method. Background Art

[0002] In large cities, people spend almost 90% of their daily time indoors, especially in commercial buildings such as shopping malls and urban complexes. These commercial buildings not only have cross-functional services, but also have extremely complex spatial layouts, types of objects, and connectivity, making positioning and navigation a major challenge. Especially in emergencies such as earthquakes, how to effectively guide people to evacuate quickly is a key issue in emergency management of commercial buildings.

[0003] Maps, as an important tool for human spatial cognition, play a vital role in emergency pathfinding. Landmarks, as prominent objects in the environment, are of great significance in improving people's spatial cognition and accelerating the evacuation process. The prominence of landmarks directly affects individuals' attention allocation to these key information and decision-making efficiency. However, traditional indoor maps mostly focus on the display of architectural design elements, often ignoring the effective expression of landmark prominence, resulting in a significant reduction in their application value in actual emergency situations. These maps are usually simply posted on the walls of commercial buildings, and their practicality is greatly reduced in the event of an emergency.

[0004] Although existing indoor map research covers design principles, map expression methods, and symbol design, it often fails to pay enough attention to the significant expression of landmarks on maps, especially the lack of sufficient research on the impact of gender differences on landmark perception. As a result, existing maps often cannot provide optimal navigation support for different users during emergency evacuation. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel method for designing emergency evacuation maps for commercial buildings, which solves the problem that existing indoor maps are not practical enough in emergency situations. By improving the expression of landmark prominence and considering the impact of gender differences, a more effective indoor emergency evacuation map is designed to improve the evacuation efficiency of personnel in emergency situations and the use effect of the map.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A new commercial building emergency evacuation map design method, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Obtain indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings;

[0008] The indoor landmarks are saliently calculated based on earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency.

[0009] Landmarks are extracted hierarchically based on their prominence, and the corresponding relationship between landmark levels and map scales is established;

[0010] Design the basemap feature layer to ensure that the basemap features have low visual prominence;

[0011] Design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance;

[0012] Overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer to generate an emergency evacuation map.

[0013] Preferably, the step of calculating the prominence of indoor landmarks according to earthquake situation prominence, visual prominence, individual attribute prominence and spatial prominence comprises:

[0014] Collect indoor landmark data in earthquake scenarios, including the location, type, and distance from safe exits of landmarks;

[0015] Assess the visual salience of each landmark, including its size, color, and lighting conditions;

[0016] Analyze the salience of individual attributes, involving the cognitive preferences of different user groups towards various landmarks;

[0017] Calculate spatial saliency, including the spatial location of landmarks in the indoor layout and their impact on evacuation routes;

[0018] Assess the importance of landmarks based on task relevance, taking into account the functionality and frequency of use of landmarks during actual evacuation;

[0019] Based on the above evaluation results, a weighted algorithm is used to determine the comprehensive significance of each landmark, providing a basis for the subsequent landmark hierarchical extraction.

[0020] Preferably, the correspondence between the landmark levels and the map scales is as follows:

[0021] A map with a scale of 1:25, showing first-level landmarks;

[0022] A map with a scale of 1:10, showing primary and secondary landmarks;

[0023] A map with a scale of 1:5 showing primary, secondary and tertiary landmarks.

[0024] Preferably, the base map element layer design includes the following steps:

[0025] The visual presentation of the interior of the business unit is designed with light blue filling to relieve users' nervousness and anxiety and promote quick cognition of the interior space;

[0026] Set the fill color of the indoor passage to white, which contrasts with the light blue inside the business unit and is close to the actual ground color of the indoor passage of the commercial building to avoid users' misunderstanding of the indoor space layout;

[0027] Use gray and black design for the building exterior walls and the external contours of the business units to strengthen the boundary recognition of the building structure and facilitate the rapid identification of evacuation routes;

[0028] The transparency of the interior of the business unit and its outline is set to 50% and 70% respectively to reduce the visual prominence of these base map elements and ensure the visual priority of the thematic elements.

[0029] Preferably, the thematic element layer design includes the following steps:

[0030] Design evacuation routes and mark them in bright red to maximize their visual prominence and guide users to evacuate to safe exits;

[0031] Marking individual current locations and primary landmarks using the same striking red color as evacuation routes ensures these elements can be quickly identified in an emergency;

[0032] Secondary landmarks are marked in yellow to give them moderate visual prominence, helping users identify important information points on the critical path;

[0033] The third-level landmarks are marked in blue, which is a relatively low visually significant color and is used to mark auxiliary or secondary information points;

[0034] Use green to mark stairs and emergency exits, symbolizing safety and facilitating rapid evacuation of users in an emergency;

[0035] The size of map markers and the dimensions of symbols are designed in a hierarchical manner to help users quickly identify the importance and function of landmarks based on color and size, thereby effectively assisting decision-making and evacuation actions.

[0036] Preferably, the step of superimposing the base map element layer and the thematic element layer to generate an emergency evacuation map comprises the following steps:

[0037] Receive base map feature layer and thematic feature layer data;

[0038] Use graphics processing software or programming interfaces to perform layer overlay processing, ensuring that the base map feature layer is the bottom layer and the thematic feature layer is the upper layer;

[0039] Adjust transparency and layer order during the overlay process to ensure visual priority of thematic elements, making key evacuation information visually stand out from basemap elements;

[0040] Apply graphics and color optimization algorithms to further enhance the map's visual clarity and user visual recognition.

[0041] Preferably, the method further comprises: a map availability evaluation step, the specific steps of which are as follows:

[0042] Audio and video stimulation materials were used to simulate earthquake environment, inducing state anxiety in subjects, so as to simulate cognitive stress in indoor emergency environment;

[0043] Provide the subjects with emergency evacuation maps, including indoor emergency evacuation maps designed for men and women, and existing fire evacuation diagrams;

[0044] Use virtual reality technology to recreate the indoor environment of a commercial complex and embed earthquake audio, allowing subjects to conduct evacuation drills in the VR environment;

[0045] The time it takes for subjects to evacuate using different maps was recorded to evaluate the evacuation efficiency of maps in practical applications;

[0046] The subjects' state anxiety was assessed before and after the evacuation drill, and the changes in state anxiety before and after using different maps were compared to evaluate the effect of maps in alleviating cognitive stress.

[0047] The present invention also provides a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design device, comprising:

[0048] A data acquisition module, used to acquire indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings;

[0049] A saliency calculation module is used to calculate the saliency of indoor landmarks based on earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency;

[0050] The landmark stratification module is used to extract landmarks based on their saliency and establish a corresponding relationship between the landmark levels and the map scale;

[0051] The base map element design module is used to design the base map element layer, including the outline of the business unit and indoor passages, to ensure that the base map elements have low visual significance;

[0052] Thematic element design module, used to design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance;

[0053] A map generation module is used to overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer to generate an emergency evacuation map;

[0054] The display module is used to display the emergency evacuation map on the mobile device and supports dynamic update function.

[0055] The present invention provides a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0056] 1. The present invention ensures that the most critical information in the emergency evacuation map, such as emergency exits and evacuation routes, can be quickly identified through hierarchical extraction of landmarks based on saliency evaluation. This clear setting of priorities helps to quickly guide people to safe areas in emergency situations, significantly improving evacuation efficiency.

[0057] 2. The design of the thematic element layer of the present invention uses different colors and symbol sizes to distinguish the importance level of landmarks, so that map users can respond quickly in emergency situations and reduce stress and confusion in the cognitive process. This hierarchical and visual guidance strategy effectively reduces the cognitive burden of users in high-pressure environments.

[0058] 3. The present invention provides evacuation maps that are more in line with the visual preferences and cognitive needs of different user groups by considering the impact of gender differences on map design. This personalized design method enhances the user's comfort and satisfaction, thereby improving the overall user experience.

[0059] 4. The present invention not only significantly improves the evacuation efficiency and accuracy of emergency evacuation maps by comprehensively utilizing saliency evaluation, visual design optimization, and consideration of gender differences, but also greatly reduces the cognitive pressure of users in emergency situations and optimizes user experience. These beneficial effects jointly ensure the efficiency and practicality of the map in practical applications, making it an indispensable navigation tool in commercial building emergency evacuation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0060] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method flow of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 An indoor emergency evacuation map of an urban complex for male groups according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 An indoor emergency evacuation map of an urban complex for female groups according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of an existing fire evacuation in a city complex according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0064] Figure 5 This is the experimental process for evaluating the availability of indoor emergency evacuation maps according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0065] Figure 6 The evacuation time and the evaluation results of the state anxiety after the experiment in the embodiment of the present invention;

[0066] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the device structure of the present invention.

[0067] Among them, 100, data acquisition module; 200, saliency calculation module; 300, landmark stratification module; 400, base map element design module; 500, thematic element design module; 600, map generation module; 700, display module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0068] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0069] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 6 ,The embodiment of the present invention provides a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method,which aims to improve indoor evacuation efficiency and reduce people’s cognitive stress in emergency situations.,The method describes in detail the whole process from acquiring building data to generating the final evacuation map, including saliency calculation, landmark layering extraction, base map and thematic elements design, and the generation of the final map.

[0070] Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:

[0071] S1. Obtain indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings

[0072] Before designing an effective commercial building emergency evacuation map, the first task is to obtain accurate indoor layout information and spatial structure data. This data is the basis for map design, ensuring the correct positioning of landmarks and effective planning of evacuation routes in subsequent steps. Accurate indoor layout data not only helps to accurately represent each area and channel on the map, but also supports the logical planning of evacuation routes, making it both intuitive and in line with the actual conditions of the building.

[0073] In this embodiment, the process of obtaining the indoor layout information and spatial structure data of a commercial building is as follows:

[0074] 1. Data collection: First, obtain detailed floor plans and structural drawings of the building through on-site surveys or from the building management department. These drawings usually contain detailed information on floor layout, main passages, emergency exit locations, safety areas, and other important facilities.

[0075] 2. Data collation: Organize and digitize the collected data, convert the paper floor plan into a digital format, such as using CAD software for digitization, so that it can be used in subsequent map design software.

[0076] 3. Data Verification: Verify the accuracy of the drawing information through on-site visits to ensure the existence and accessibility of all important emergency exits and evacuation routes in the actual building. This step ensures that the drawing data fully corresponds to the actual building.

[0077] 4. Data enhancement: More details may be added as needed, such as the specific location of important indoor landmarks (such as fire hydrants, emergency equipment, etc.), and the nature of the use of each area (such as restaurants, retail stores, etc.). This information will be used in subsequent steps to calculate the prominence of landmarks and perform landmark stratification.

[0078] Through the above steps, this embodiment ensures that the indoor layout information and spatial structure data obtained are not only accurate but also practical, laying a solid foundation for designing efficient and accurate emergency evacuation maps. These detailed starting data also provide key support for ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of evacuation maps in real evacuation scenarios.

[0079] S2. Calculate the saliency of indoor landmarks based on earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency

[0080] After collecting indoor layout information and spatial structure data, the next step is to perform a detailed calculation of the salience of indoor landmarks. This step is critical because it directly affects the representation and priority of landmarks in map design, thereby affecting the efficiency of emergency evacuation. Salience calculation not only helps identify and highlight landmarks that are critical in emergency situations, but also ensures that map users can quickly identify and respond in high-pressure situations.

[0081] In this embodiment, step S2 includes:

[0082] 1. Collect indoor landmark data in earthquake scenarios:

[0083] In this embodiment, the types of key landmarks in earthquake scenarios are first defined, such as emergency exits, firefighting equipment, and safe areas, and the specific locations, types, and distances of these landmarks to the nearest safe exits are collected. This information helps determine the functionality and location advantages of each landmark in emergency evacuation.

[0084] 2. Evaluate the visual saliency of each landmark:

[0085] Consider the physical characteristics of the landmarks, such as size, shape, color, and lighting conditions. For example, larger, brightly colored landmarks are easier to spot or in good lighting conditions. This step ensures that the map design uses visual factors to enhance the recognition of landmarks.

[0086] 3. Analyze the significance of individual attributes:

[0087] Analyze how different user groups (e.g., seniors, children, and the visually impaired) recognize and respond to different landmarks. Consider the specific needs and cognitive characteristics of these users to ensure that map design can meet the needs of a wide range of users.

[0088] 4. Calculate spatial saliency:

[0089] Evaluate the spatial location of landmarks in the interior layout and their potential impact on evacuation routes. Landmarks near major evacuation routes or key nodes (e.g., stairwells, lobbies) are more prominent.

[0090] 5. Evaluate the importance of landmarks based on task relevance:

[0091] Consider the frequency and functionality of landmarks during actual evacuation. Importance assessment helps determine which landmarks are the most important to display during an emergency.

[0092] 6. Based on the above evaluation results, a weighted algorithm is used to determine the comprehensive significance of each landmark:

[0093] The weighted algorithm combines various prominence factors to determine the overall prominence of each landmark. This comprehensive prominence will directly affect the representation and level of the landmark on the map.

[0094] This saliency calculation process ensures the efficiency and practicality of emergency evacuation maps in real applications. It optimizes map design through scientific methods to provide users with intuitive and fast evacuation guidance in emergency situations.

[0095] S3. Extract landmarks based on their saliency and establish a corresponding relationship between landmark levels and map scales

[0096] After calculating the saliency of indoor landmarks, the next key step is to extract landmarks according to these saliencies and appropriately associate them with the scale of the map. This step is key to ensuring the functionality and practicality of the map, so that the map can provide necessary information at different observation scales while avoiding information overload. Reasonable landmark hierarchy and scale matching not only optimizes the user's navigation experience, but also improves the actual application efficiency of the map in emergency evacuation.

[0097] In this embodiment, step S3 includes:

[0098] 1. Landmark stratification:

[0099] In this embodiment, the landmarks are first classified into primary, secondary and tertiary landmarks according to the above-mentioned saliency calculation results. Primary landmarks include those landmarks that are crucial in any evacuation situation, such as emergency exits and safe assembly points; secondary landmarks may include important safety equipment locations, such as fire fighting facilities; and tertiary landmarks include other auxiliary information points, such as signboards and non-emergency exits.

[0100] 2. Choice of map scale:

[0101] Choose the appropriate map scale based on the importance of the landmarks and actual application needs. A map with a scale of 1:25 is suitable for providing a macro overview of the evacuation route, mainly showing the first-level landmarks; a map with a scale of 1:10 provides a more detailed view, suitable for displaying the first-level and second-level landmarks, to assist users in making evacuation decisions within a medium range; a map with a scale of 1:5 is used to display all levels of landmarks in detail, especially for situations where users need to identify and use various landmarks at close range during emergency evacuation.

[0102] 3. Map design and landmark representation:

[0103] In actual map design, ensure that landmarks of different levels are clearly marked on maps of corresponding scales. Use different graphics and colors to emphasize landmarks of different levels so that users can quickly identify the importance of each landmark. For example, you can use brighter colors and larger symbols to represent first-level landmarks, and use smaller symbols and softer colors to represent third-level landmarks.

[0104] The implementation of this step not only improves the usability and practicality of the map, but also greatly improves the navigation efficiency of users during the actual evacuation process through appropriate landmark representation and scale selection. In addition, reasonable landmark hierarchy division and map design can also help reduce the cognitive burden of users in high-pressure situations, allowing them to focus more on the most critical evacuation information.

[0105] S4. Design the basemap feature layer to ensure that the basemap features have low visual significance

[0106] After the saliency layer extraction and scale matching are completed, step S4 involves designing the base map feature layer, which is to ensure that the basic visual structure of the evacuation map reflects the real building layout while not overemphasizing those details that may distract users. The key to this step is to use color, contrast and transparency processing to highlight key evacuation information and relieve the tension and anxiety that users may experience in emergency situations.

[0107] In this embodiment, the design of the base map element layer includes the following steps:

[0108] 1. Design the visual presentation of the business unit:

[0109] In this example, light blue is chosen to fill the interior of the business unit. This color is chosen based on its visual calming and soothing properties. Light blue can help relieve users' tension and anxiety, while its soft tone also helps to quickly identify the interior space layout. This color strategy is particularly suitable for complex commercial building interiors, which can help users recognize and adapt to the environment faster.

[0110] 4. Set the fill color of the indoor channel to white:

[0111] To enhance the map’s readability and clarity, the indoor passages are filled with white, which contrasts sharply with the light blue business units. This contrast not only strengthens the visual guidance, but also ensures that the passages are clearly identifiable, avoiding users’ misunderstanding of the indoor layout in emergency situations. The choice of white is similar to the actual ground color of indoor passages in commercial buildings to maintain the authenticity and practicality of the design.

[0112] 5. Use gray and black design for the building exterior walls and the exterior contours of the business units:

[0113] Gray-black is used to mark the exterior walls of the building and the outer contours of the business units. This color tone is chosen to strengthen the boundary identification of the building structure. In emergency evacuation, it is crucial to quickly identify these boundaries because they are directly related to the choice of evacuation path and the location of safe exits. Gray-black provides sufficient contrast to ensure that users can quickly identify evacuation routes in an emergency.

[0114] 6. Adjust transparency to reduce the visual prominence of basemap features:

[0115] To ensure that the base map elements do not excessively occupy the visual focus, in this embodiment, the transparency of the interior of the business unit and its outline is set to 50% and 70% respectively. This transparency setting ensures that even when the base map elements are complex, thematic elements such as evacuation routes and emergency exits can still maintain visual priority, facilitating users' quick decision-making and response in high-pressure situations.

[0116] Through the above design steps, this embodiment ensures that the base map element layer not only truly reflects the building layout, but also supports effective evacuation through visual processing technology. This method significantly improves the practicality and efficiency of emergency evacuation maps, and helps to protect the safety of users in practical applications.

[0117] S5. Design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance

[0118] After designing the base map feature layer, step S5 aims to design the thematic feature layer, which is a key step to ensure the functionality of the emergency evacuation map. The thematic feature layer is directly related to the navigation efficiency and safety of users in emergency situations. This layer contains all key information, such as evacuation routes, individual locations, landmarks, and emergency exits, which need to be highlighted through highly salient visual design to ensure that they can be quickly identified and understood in an emergency.

[0119] In this embodiment, the design of the thematic element layer includes the following steps:

[0120] 1. Design evacuation routes and mark them in bright red:

[0121] In this embodiment, the evacuation route is designed to be marked with eye-catching red, because red has a high visual impact among various colors and can immediately attract attention. This design ensures that in an emergency, the evacuation route can be quickly identified and guides users to evacuate to the safe exit.

[0122] 2. Mark the individual's current location and primary landmarks using the same eye-catching red color as the evacuation route:

[0123] The same red color as evacuation routes is also used for individual current locations and primary landmarks (such as major emergency exits and emergency equipment), ensuring that these critical information can be quickly identified in an emergency. This helps improve the user's ability to respond quickly in a tense environment.

[0124] 3. Mark secondary landmarks in yellow:

[0125] Secondary landmarks, such as auxiliary safety equipment and important information signs, are marked in yellow. Yellow has moderate visual prominence and can help users identify important information points on the critical path in less urgent but attention-demanding situations.

[0126] 4. Use blue to mark the third-level landmarks:

[0127] For tertiary landmarks, such as instructive signs and non-emergency exits, blue is used. Blue has low visual prominence and is suitable for marking auxiliary or secondary information points to avoid distracting users in emergency situations.

[0128] 5. Use green to mark stairs and emergency exits:

[0129] Green is often used to symbolize safety and the direction of progress, so in this embodiment, all stairs and emergency exits are marked with green. This color selection helps to quickly guide users to find the nearest exit in an emergency, so as to evacuate quickly.

[0130] 6. Design the size of the ground mark and the size of the symbol in a hierarchical manner:

[0131] The sizes of landmarks and symbols are designed hierarchically according to their importance. Larger and more obvious symbols are used for primary landmarks, and smaller symbols are used for secondary and tertiary landmarks. This design approach helps users quickly identify the importance and function of each landmark, thereby effectively assisting decision-making and evacuation actions.

[0132] Through these steps, this embodiment ensures that the design of the thematic element layer is not only beautiful but also practical, and can provide users with clear and intuitive evacuation guidance in emergency situations, thereby significantly improving the safety and efficiency of evacuation.

[0133] S6. Overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer to generate an emergency evacuation map

[0134] After completing the design of the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer, step S6 involves merging the two layers of data to form the final emergency evacuation map. This step is crucial because it determines the final visual presentation and functionality of the map, ensuring that key information can be quickly identified and acted upon when necessary. Correct layer overlay processing not only improves the practicality of the map, but also optimizes visual guidance, helping users to respond quickly in emergency situations.

[0135] In this embodiment, the steps of superimposing the base map element layer and the thematic element layer to generate an emergency evacuation map include:

[0136] 1. Receive base map feature layer and thematic feature layer data:

[0137] In this embodiment, firstly, it is ensured that complete base map feature layer and thematic feature layer data are received from the design software or database, which includes all visual and structural information designed previously, such as the outline of the business unit, passages, emergency exits, evacuation routes, etc.

[0138] 2. Use graphics processing software or programming interface to perform layer overlay processing:

[0139] Use professional graphics processing software or custom programming interfaces to accurately overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer. In this process, ensure that the base map feature layer is the bottom layer and the thematic feature layer is the top layer. This overlay order is to ensure that key evacuation information can be displayed visually first and not covered by other non-emergency information.

[0140] 3. Adjust transparency and layer order during the overlay process:

[0141] Adjust the transparency and order of overlaid layers to optimize visual impact and ensure visual priority of thematic features. For example, you may want to increase the saturation or contrast of emergency exit and evacuation route signs to make these elements more visually prominent.

[0142] 4. Apply graphics and color optimization algorithms:

[0143] Use graphics and color optimization algorithms to further improve the visual clarity and recognition of the map. This includes adjusting color balance, contrast, and brightness to ensure that the map maintains optimal visual effects and readability under different lighting conditions.

[0144] Through the above steps, the emergency evacuation map in this embodiment not only has optimized visual performance, but also greatly improved functionality, ensuring that it can effectively support emergency evacuation operations in practical applications. This comprehensive layer processing and visual optimization method makes the final map an indispensable navigation tool in emergency situations.

[0145] The method of the present invention provides a systematic design process for emergency evacuation maps of commercial buildings, optimizes the information transmission and recognition process in emergency situations, and significantly improves evacuation efficiency and safety. In addition, through scientific calculation of landmark prominence and hierarchical landmark display, the method can effectively reduce the cognitive burden of users in emergency situations and provide evacuation guidance that is more in line with human visual and cognitive habits.

[0146] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in order to ensure that the newly designed commercial building emergency evacuation map is not only effective in theory, but also can effectively support evacuation actions and reduce users' cognitive pressure in practical applications, a detailed map usability evaluation step is introduced. This evaluation step is the ultimate test of map design, which is directly related to the actual application value and effect of the map.

[0147] In this embodiment, the specific steps of map usability evaluation include:

[0148] 1. Use audio and video stimulation materials to simulate earthquake environment:

[0149] In this embodiment, the emergency evacuation environment is first simulated by playing audio and video materials of earthquakes. These materials can effectively induce the state anxiety of the subjects and simulate the cognitive stress that users may encounter in an indoor emergency environment. This step is intended to create a test environment that is as close to reality as possible, so as to more accurately evaluate the practicality of the map.

[0150] 2. Provide subjects with emergency evacuation maps:

[0151] The subjects will be given indoor emergency evacuation maps designed for different genders, as well as existing fire evacuation diagrams for comparison. This step allows the evaluation of the performance of maps with different designs under the same test conditions to verify whether specific design improvements can lead to better usage results.

[0152] 3. Use virtual reality technology to reproduce the indoor environment of the commercial complex:

[0153] Using virtual reality (VR) technology, this embodiment reproduces a detailed indoor environment of a commercial complex and embeds earthquake audio in it. The VR environment provides an immersive testing platform that enables subjects to conduct evacuation drills under nearly realistic conditions.

[0154] 4. Record the time it takes for the subjects to evacuate using different maps:

[0155] During the drill, the time it took for each subject to complete the evacuation using different maps was recorded in detail. This data is a key indicator for evaluating the efficiency of map evacuation and can directly reflect the impact of map design on the actual evacuation speed.

[0156] 5. Conduct state anxiety assessment of subjects before and after the evacuation drill:

[0157] The subjects were assessed for state anxiety using a standardized anxiety scale before and after the evacuation drill. By comparing the changes in anxiety levels before and after using different maps, the effectiveness of map design in alleviating users' cognitive stress in actual use can be evaluated.

[0158] Through these detailed steps, this embodiment not only comprehensively evaluates the actual application effect of the map, but also verifies the advantages and potential improvements of the map design from multiple perspectives. This systematic evaluation method ensures that the newly designed emergency evacuation map can effectively improve evacuation efficiency and reduce the psychological pressure of users when it is actually deployed in the future, thereby improving safety performance.

[0159] Example:

[0160] The embodiment of the present invention provides an indoor emergency evacuation map design method based on saliency evaluation and optimization, especially for a large commercial complex in Lanzhou. This embodiment accurately calculates the saliency of various landmarks and combines the actual building layout to produce a series of evacuation maps that meet the needs of different genders, so as to improve the evacuation efficiency in emergency situations such as earthquakes.

[0161] 1. Saliency calculation and landmark stratification:

[0162] In this embodiment, the prominence of 268 candidate landmarks was first calculated. This includes a comprehensive evaluation of earthquake context prominence, visual prominence, individual attribute prominence, and spatial prominence. Based on the analysis results of these primary indicators and 12 secondary indicators, the landmarks were effectively stratified to ensure appropriate representation on the map.

[0163] 2. Map data vectorization and update:

[0164] Using Amap's indoor map as a basis, the indoor map of the commercial complex was vectorized. Combined with field survey data, the map content was updated and simplified to ensure the map's realistic accuracy and functional applicability.

[0165] 3. Design of base map element layer:

[0166] The base map elements such as the outline of the business unit and the indoor passages mainly play the role of assisting spatial cognition in the emergency evacuation process and should have low visual significance. The base map elements are mainly expressed in surface and line symbols:

[0167] 1) Within the business unit

[0168] The interior of shops and other business units is filled with light blue (190, 225, 244) to relieve users' nervousness and anxiety and facilitate individuals to quickly realize indoor space cognition with the help of maps.

[0169] 2) Indoor passage

[0170] The indoor passages are filled with white, which is similar to the floor color of the indoor passages of the commercial building. It can form a sharp contrast with the color of the interior and outline of the business unit, avoiding individuals from misunderstanding the interior space layout.

[0171] 3) Building exterior walls and business unit exterior outlines

[0172] The exterior walls of the buildings and the external contours of the business units are designed in gray and black (169,169,169), which contrasts sharply with the colors of the passages and the interiors of the business units, making it easier for individuals to quickly identify the boundaries and evacuation passages of shops, etc.

[0173] In addition, this embodiment sets the transparency of the interior of the business unit and its outline to 50% and 70% respectively to reduce the visual significance of the base map elements.

[0174] 4. Thematic element layer design:

[0175] Thematic elements include landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs. Compared with base map elements, their expressions should have higher visual significance. Key pathfinding elements such as evacuation routes, individual locations, and primary landmarks are in eye-catching red (255, 0, 0), which has the highest visual significance; secondary and tertiary landmarks are in yellow (255, 192, 0) and blue (0, 176, 240), respectively, with decreasing visual significance; elements such as stairs and emergency exits are in green (0, 255, 0), which symbolizes that they are safe evacuation passages or indoor exits.

[0176] In addition, this embodiment also makes a hierarchical design for the size of the landmarks and the size of the symbols to help individuals achieve a hierarchical cognition of the landmarks. The indoor emergency evacuation maps designed for the male and female groups in this embodiment are as follows: Figure 2 , Figure 3 shown.

[0177] 5. Usability Evaluation of Indoor Emergency Evacuation Map

[0178] This example uses an experiment on individual cognitive stress and evacuation efficiency to Figure 2 and Figure 3 The map was used for usability evaluation.

[0179] Firstly, audio and video stimulation materials of earthquake were used to induce the subjects' state anxiety. Then, earthquake evacuation was simulated. The effects of different indoor emergency evacuation maps in alleviating the subjects' cognitive stress were evaluated based on the state anxiety assessment results before and after the subjects.

[0180] This example recruited 60 college students, including 30 boys and 30 girls, all of whom had normal vision, were right-handed, and had never participated in such experiments. The experimental materials included Figure 2 , Figure 3 Indoor emergency evacuation map, existing fire evacuation diagram of the city's commercial complex ( Figure 4 ), the VR virtual scene of the city's commercial complex and earthquake state anxiety emotional materials. Before the experiment, the anxiety scale of the informal experimental subjects was evaluated and the state anxiety induction effect of the emotional materials was good. The experimental equipment included two ordinary PCs and two sets of HTC Vive virtual reality head-mounted displays.

[0181] The experiment randomly divided the subjects into two groups, A and B, with a male-female ratio of 1:1. The male subjects in group A were numbered A1 to A15. Figure 3 Indoor emergency evacuation map, female numbers are A16 to A30, use Figure 3 Indoor emergency evacuation map; the male subjects in group B are numbered B1 to B15, and the female subjects are numbered B16 to B30. All subjects in this group use Figure 4The fire evacuation diagram is shown in the figure. The experiment requires the subjects to clarify the time requirements for evacuation efficiency and wear a virtual reality head-mounted display to watch an earthquake video first. The video applies visual and auditory stimulation to the subjects to arouse their state anxiety and induce the subjects to integrate into the earthquake situation. Then the subjects are required to start from the starting point and roam in the VR scene embedded with earthquake audio to find a safe exit as quickly as possible to complete the emergency evacuation. The experiment records the evacuation time of the two groups of subjects, and again assesses the state anxiety of the subjects who have completed the emergency evacuation simulation. The experimental process is as follows: Figure 5 shown.

[0182] The evacuation time of Groups A and B was counted, and the state anxiety of 60 subjects was assessed. The results are as follows: Figure 6 Independent sample t-tests were performed on the evacuation time and state anxiety scores, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0183] The experimental results show that there are significant differences in the evacuation time and state anxiety scores between groups A and B. Compared with group B (M=232.50, SD=29.52), the average evacuation time of group A (M=171.30, SD=25.55) was reduced by 61.2s, and the evacuation efficiency was improved by about 26.32%. The average state anxiety score of group A was significantly lower than that of group B (47.55<54.75). Between different groups, the difference in evacuation time and anxiety state scores of subjects of the same gender was large, and the evacuation time and anxiety state scores of male and female in group A were significantly lower than those in group B. The above results fully demonstrate that the indoor evacuation map designed in accordance with the design principles and design methods of the present invention can significantly speed up the evacuation process and greatly alleviate the state anxiety of individuals in the process of emergency pathfinding.

[0184] Table 1 T-test results of evacuation time and state anxiety after the experiment

[0185]

[0186] The novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design device described below and the novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method described above can be referenced to each other.

[0187] Please see attached Figure 7 The present invention also provides a novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design device, comprising:

[0188] The data acquisition module 100 is used to acquire indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings;

[0189] A saliency calculation module 200 is used to calculate the saliency of indoor landmarks according to earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency;

[0190] The landmark stratification module 300 is used to extract landmarks in layers based on their prominence, and to establish a corresponding relationship between the landmark levels and the map scales;

[0191] A base map element design module 400 is used to design a base map element layer, including information such as the outline of the business unit and indoor passages, to ensure that the base map elements have low visual significance;

[0192] Thematic element design module 500 is used to design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance;

[0193] A map generation module 600 is used to overlay the base map element layer and the thematic element layer to generate an emergency evacuation map;

[0194] The display module 700 is used to display the emergency evacuation map on the mobile device and supports a dynamic update function.

[0195] The device of this embodiment can be used to execute the above method embodiment, and its principles and technical effects are similar, which will not be repeated here.

[0196] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A new method for designing emergency evacuation maps for commercial buildings. It is characterized in that The following steps are involved: Obtain indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings; The indoor landmarks are saliently calculated based on earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency. Landmarks are extracted hierarchically based on their prominence, and the corresponding relationship between landmark levels and map scales is established; Design the basemap feature layer to ensure that the basemap features have low visual prominence; Design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance; Overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer to generate an emergency evacuation map.

2. According to the novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method of claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of calculating the saliency of indoor landmarks according to earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency comprises: Collect indoor landmark data in earthquake scenarios, including the location, type, and distance from safe exits of landmarks; Assess the visual salience of each landmark, including its size, color, and lighting conditions; Analyze the salience of individual attributes, involving the cognitive preferences of different user groups towards various landmarks; Calculate spatial saliency, including the spatial location of landmarks in the indoor layout and their impact on evacuation routes; Assess the importance of landmarks based on task relevance, taking into account the functionality and frequency of use of landmarks during actual evacuation; Based on the above evaluation results, a weighted algorithm is used to determine the comprehensive significance of each landmark, providing a basis for the subsequent landmark hierarchical extraction.

3. According to the novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method of claim 1, It is characterized in that The correspondence between the landmark levels and the map scales is as follows: A map with a scale of 1:25, showing first-level landmarks; A map with a scale of 1:10, showing primary and secondary landmarks; A map with a scale of 1:5 showing primary, secondary and tertiary landmarks.

4. The novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The base map element layer design includes the following steps: The visual presentation of the interior of the business unit is designed with light blue filling to relieve users' nervousness and anxiety and promote quick cognition of the interior space; Set the fill color of the indoor passage to white, which contrasts with the light blue inside the business unit and is close to the actual ground color of the indoor passage of the commercial building to avoid users' misunderstanding of the indoor space layout; Use gray and black design for the building exterior walls and the external contours of the business units to strengthen the boundary recognition of the building structure and facilitate the rapid identification of evacuation routes; The transparency of the interior of the business unit and its outline is set to 50% and 70% respectively to reduce the visual prominence of these base map elements and ensure the visual priority of the thematic elements.

5. The novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The thematic element layer design includes the following steps: Design evacuation routes and mark them in bright red to maximize their visual prominence and guide users to evacuate to safe exits; Marking individual current locations and primary landmarks using the same striking red color as evacuation routes ensures these elements can be quickly identified in an emergency; Secondary landmarks are marked in yellow to give them moderate visual prominence, helping users identify important information points on the critical path; The third-level landmarks are marked in blue, which is a relatively low visually significant color and is used to mark auxiliary or secondary information points; Use green to mark stairs and emergency exits, symbolizing safety and facilitating rapid evacuation of users in an emergency; The size of map markers and the dimensions of symbols are designed in a hierarchical manner to help users quickly identify the importance and function of landmarks based on color and size, thereby effectively assisting decision-making and evacuation actions.

6. The novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of superimposing the base map element layer and the thematic element layer to generate an emergency evacuation map comprises the following steps: Receive base map feature layer and thematic feature layer data; Use graphics processing software or programming interfaces to perform layer overlay processing, ensuring that the base map feature layer is the bottom layer and the thematic feature layer is the upper layer; Adjust transparency and layer order during the overlay process to ensure visual priority of thematic elements, making key evacuation information visually stand out from basemap elements; Apply graphics and color optimization algorithms to further enhance the map's visual clarity and user visual recognition.

7. The novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The method further includes: a map usability evaluation step, the specific steps of which are as follows: Audio and video stimulation materials were used to simulate earthquake environment, inducing state anxiety in subjects, so as to simulate cognitive stress in indoor emergency environment; Provide the subjects with emergency evacuation maps, including indoor emergency evacuation maps designed for men and women, and existing fire evacuation diagrams; Use virtual reality technology to recreate the indoor environment of a commercial complex and embed earthquake audio, allowing subjects to conduct evacuation drills in the VR environment; The time it takes for subjects to evacuate using different maps was recorded to evaluate the evacuation efficiency of maps in practical applications; The subjects' state anxiety was assessed before and after the evacuation drill, and the changes in state anxiety before and after using different maps were compared to evaluate the effect of maps in alleviating cognitive stress.

8. A novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design device, used to implement the novel commercial building emergency evacuation map design method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, It is characterized in that include: A data acquisition module, used to acquire indoor layout information and spatial structure data of commercial buildings; A saliency calculation module is used to calculate the saliency of indoor landmarks based on earthquake situation saliency, visual saliency, individual attribute saliency and spatial saliency; The landmark stratification module is used to extract landmarks based on their saliency and establish a corresponding relationship between the landmark levels and the map scale; The base map element design module is used to design the base map element layer, including the outline of the business unit and indoor passages, to ensure that the base map elements have low visual significance; Thematic element design module, used to design thematic element layers, including landmarks, individual locations, evacuation routes, emergency exit locations, and directional signs, to ensure that thematic elements have high visual significance; A map generation module is used to overlay the base map feature layer and the thematic feature layer to generate an emergency evacuation map; The display module is used to display the emergency evacuation map on the mobile device and supports dynamic update function.

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