Offshore carbon capture and injection method and system

Abstract

A system for offshore power generation and direct carbon dioxide sequestration includes an offshore platform having a plurality of internal combustion engines mounted thereon. The ocean platform is deployed above an offshore subsea storage reservoir. The internal combustion engine drives a generator to generate electricity. Flue gas from an internal combustion engine is directed to a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to the internal combustion engine and in fluid communication with a flue gas exhaust pipe of the internal combustion engine. The carbon dioxide capture system captures gaseous carbon dioxide from the flue gas and then injects the captured carbon dioxide directly into the offshore subsea reservoir. A compressor in fluid communication with the carbon dioxide capture system may be used to increase the pressure of the captured gaseous carbon dioxide to a desired injection pressure. The power generated by the generator is delivered to a land-based power grid.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure generally relates to the capture and storage of carbon dioxide produced by offshore power generation facilities. Background Art

[0002] Carbon dioxide is a common byproduct of energy processes such as electricity generated from hydrocarbons. Traditionally, this carbon dioxide is only released into the atmosphere at power plants that generate electricity. Recently, attempts have been made to remove or "capture" carbon dioxide from the flue gases of these power plants to keep carbon dioxide emissions out of the atmosphere. But separating the captured carbon dioxide gas and storing it may consume a large percentage of the power generation capacity of the plant. In addition, the captured carbon dioxide must be transported to facilities for long-term storage, such as underground geological formations, using pipelines, pumping stations, vehicles, etc., all of which further reduce the benefits of capturing carbon dioxide in the first place. In some cases, the captured carbon dioxide will be transported by ship, it can be converted into cryogenic liquids on site at the power plant or along the pipeline, and then it can be loaded onto ships for transportation, thereby forming a sealed storage layer. At the reservoir, carbon dioxide is compressed to reach the pressure required for injection into the reservoir. The liquefaction and transportation of the captured carbon dioxide each have a carbon footprint, which reduces the value of the overall effect of capturing carbon dioxide in the first place. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0003] For a more complete understanding of the present disclosure and its features and advantages, reference is now made to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0004] Figure 1 is a system for utilizing adjacent ocean platforms for power generation and carbon capture.

[0005] Figure 2a is Figure 1 A system is configured to receive a hydrocarbon fuel from a fuel supply container.

[0006] Figure 2b is Figure 1 A system showing an arrangement of a gas-fired power generation system, a transformer, a floating storage facility and a carbon dioxide capture system.

[0007] Figure 2c is Figure 1 A system showing another arrangement of a gas-fired power generation system, a transformer, a floating storage facility and a carbon dioxide capture system.

[0008] Figure 3 It is a system for power generation and carbon capture on a single offshore platform.

[0009] Figure 4 It is a system for offshore power generation using wind turbines and gas-fired power generation systems.

[0010] Figure 5A gas power plant according to the present disclosure can be installed on an offshore platform.

[0011] Figure 6 is a method for power generation and carbon capture on a single ocean platform.

[0012] Figure 7 is a method for utilizing adjacent ocean platforms for power generation and carbon capture.

[0013] Figure 8 It is a method used to generate electricity offshore using wind turbines and gas-fired power systems.

[0014] Fig. 9 It is a method for generating electricity and capturing carbon using wind turbines and gas-fired power systems. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] Disclosed herein is a method and system for capturing and geologically storing carbon dioxide produced by a power plant. In particular, a gas-fired power plant carried on an offshore platform is semi-permanently installed near a carbon dioxide storage reservoir. The carbon dioxide capture system is located on the offshore platform or on an adjacent offshore platform. Flue gas from the power plant is directed to the carbon dioxide capture system to remove carbon dioxide from the flue gas. The removed carbon dioxide is then injected directly from the offshore platform into a carbon dioxide storage reservoir without the need for storage, liquefaction, transportation, and regasification.

[0016] refer to Figure 12, a carbon capture and geological storage system 10 is shown, wherein a first offshore platform 20 is located near a storage reservoir 49 into which carbon dioxide can be injected. The first offshore platform 20 includes a power plant 21 having one or more gas-fired power generation systems 22. In one or more embodiments, each gas-fired power generation system 22 may have a power generation capacity of 10 MW or more, which will be understood by those skilled in the art as being generally considered to be the minimum power generation capacity of a power plant 21 for generating and distributing electricity in large quantities on a power grid (e.g., a distribution facility 23 shown in FIG. 2). In other embodiments, one or more gas-fired power generation systems 22 may have a total power generation capacity of at least 100 MW. In other embodiments, one or more gas-fired power generation systems 22 together may have a total power generation capacity of at least 300 MW, wherein each gas-fired power generation system 22 has a power generation capacity of at least 10 MW. In other embodiments, one or more gas-fired power generation systems 22 may have a total power generation capacity of between 100-950 MW. In other embodiments, the power plant 21 may include a plurality of gas-fired power generation systems 22 having different power generation capacities, the sizes of which are set to cope with different loads at different times. Likewise, the gas power generation system 22 as described herein is not limited to a particular type, but may include any type of equipment in which fuel is burned to generate electricity. In any case, each gas power generation system 22 may include a flue gas exhaust duct 28 for handling flue gas produced by hydrocarbon combustion.

[0017] The first offshore platform 20 may be a jack-up platform, a semi-submersible platform, a barge, a buoyant vessel, a fixed platform, a spar platform, or a tension leg platform that is fixed to the seafloor or otherwise moored for long-term deployment in a single location, such as 5 months or more. In other embodiments, the offshore platform may be a buoyant vessel having an elongated hull having a first hull side and an opposing second hull side, a first hull end, and a second hull end that is moored in position for long-term deployment. In one or more embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 is fixed in place for several years, up to 20 years or more, and it should be understood that the power plant 21 carried on the first offshore platform 20 is provided to meet long-term power generation needs.

[0018] Storage reservoir 49 may be an undersea geological formation configured to receive and hold carbon dioxide gas or liquid. Storage reservoir 49 may include a depleted or semi-depleted hydrocarbon reservoir or a hydrocarbon reservoir that has reached the end of its life in terms of hydrocarbon production. Although storage reservoir 49 may be located onshore, in a preferred embodiment, such as Figure 1As shown, the storage reservoir 49 is located offshore, and it will be appreciated that the offshore storage reservoir 49 for carbon dioxide storage is preferred because the offshore storage reservoir 49 is farther away and deeper than the onshore geological reservoir used for this purpose. In addition, the use of the offshore storage reservoir 49 allows the first offshore platform 20 to be positioned near the storage reservoir 49, thereby allowing direct injection of captured carbon dioxide without the need for long-term storage or transportation of carbon dioxide. In this regard, in some embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 may be above the offshore storage reservoir 49, while in other embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 may be within 30 kilometers of the storage reservoir 49. In other embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 may be within 20 kilometers of the offshore storage reservoir 49 or a pipeline connected to such a reservoir.

[0019] Figure 1 2, a carbon dioxide capture system 38 is shown adjacent to the gas power generation system 22 and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust 28 of the gas power generation system 22. While in some embodiments the carbon dioxide capture system 38 may be mounted on the first offshore platform 20, in other embodiments, as shown, the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is mounted on a separate offshore platform 26 positioned adjacent to the first offshore platform 20 and the gas power generation system 22. The second offshore platform 26 may be similar to the first offshore platform 20 described above.

[0020] Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the carbon dioxide capture system 38 need not be limited to a particular system, method, or process for carbon dioxide scrubbing. However, in one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture system 38 may include one or more absorber towers 40 in fluid communication with the flue gas stack 28 and one or more stripping assemblies 42 (or desorbers) in fluid communication with the one or more absorber towers 40. The absorber towers 40 may contain a solvent, such as, but not limited to, an amine or potassium carbonate.

[0021] The carbon dioxide capture system 38 may include a heat generation system 48 that may be used to generate heat for use in the stripping assembly 42. Heat may be delivered to the stripping assembly 42 in the form of steam injection. Thus, carbon dioxide may be removed from the flue gas by introducing the flue gas into an absorption tower 40 with a liquid solvent and then transferring the saturated liquid solvent from the absorption tower 40 to the heated stripping assembly 42 to release carbon dioxide from the saturated liquid solvent. The released carbon dioxide may then be injected into a storage reservoir 49 as described above.

[0022] Thus, in an embodiment having two platforms, the first offshore platform 20 serves as a power generation platform, while the second offshore platform 26 serves as a carbon capture platform.

[0023] Although some embodiments of the carbon capture and geological storage system 10 are not limited to a particular arrangement, in other embodiments, the gas power generation system 22, the transformer 36, and the carbon dioxide capture system 38 can be arranged to facilitate flue gas handling and scalability. In one or more embodiments, to facilitate the flow of flue gas from the flue gas exhaust pipe 28 of the gas power generation system 22, in some embodiments, the gas power generation system 22 can be deployed on the first marine platform 20, and can be aligned in a row on the first marine platform 20, wherein an elongated linear exhaust duct 50 is in fluid communication with each flue gas exhaust pipe 28, interconnecting two or more flue gas exhaust pipes 28 to transport the flue gas to the carbon dioxide capture system 38. In this regard, the gas power generation system 22 can be aligned along the first side 20a of the first marine platform 20, wherein the second marine platform 26 is located adjacent to the first side 20a. A bridging exhaust duct 52 can extend from the elongated linear exhaust duct 50 to the carbon capture system 38 to interconnect the exhaust duct 50 with the absorption tower 40. It will be appreciated that by aligning the gas power generation system 22 as described above, particularly along the side of the first offshore platform 20 adjacent to the second offshore platform 26 (and the carbon dioxide capture system 38), piping can be minimized. Additionally, this arrangement also makes the system more easily expandable.

[0024] As described above, one benefit of the carbon capture and geological sequestration system 10 is the ability to inject carbon dioxide directly into the storage reservoir 49 after it is removed by the carbon dioxide capture system 38, thereby eliminating the need for local storage containers or tanks, which is particularly desirable considering the limited deck space available on the marine platform described herein. Therefore, the carbon capture and geological sequestration system 10 includes one or more compressor assemblies 43 in fluid communication with one or more stripping assemblies so as to pressurize the removed carbon dioxide to the pressure required for injection into the storage reservoir 49. For example, the compressor assembly 43 can pressurize the gaseous carbon dioxide to a desired pressure for injection purposes, which may be higher than the pressure of the carbon dioxide leaving the carbon dioxide capture system 38. This may require staged compression using multiple compressor assemblies 43. The compressor assembly 43 may be part of the carbon dioxide capture system 38 or separate. The compressor assembly 43 may also be carried on a second marine platform 26, or otherwise adjacent to the carbon dioxide capture system 38. As used herein, the compressor assembly 43 may include a pump.

[0025] Likewise, the carbon capture and geological storage system 10 includes a carbon dioxide delivery system 41 that extends from the carbon dioxide capture system 38 to the storage reservoir 49. In one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide delivery system 41 includes a conduit 44 extending from one of the offshore platforms 20, 26 to the carbon dioxide injection system 45. In one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide injection system 45 may include a wellhead 46 that controls the flow of fluid into a wellbore 47 extending into the storage reservoir 49. In other embodiments, the carbon dioxide injection system 45 may include a platform (not shown), such as a production platform associated with the storage reservoir 49, such as a drilling and / or production platform previously used to produce hydrocarbons from the storage reservoir 49. In any case, in one or more embodiments, the conduit 44 may be a pipeline disposed along the seafloor 51. However, it should be understood that due to the positioning of the offshore platform 20 relatively close to the storage reservoir 49, the length of the conduit 44 can be minimized, and the pressure required for the compressor assembly 43 to move the carbon dioxide through the conduit 44 to the storage reservoir 49 for injection is also minimized. However, it should be understood that locally generating and capturing carbon dioxide near the storage reservoir 49 and injecting the captured carbon dioxide into the storage reservoir 49 eliminates the need to transfer the carbon dioxide to a transportation vehicle (which also avoids the carbon footprint from any such transportation vehicle). In this regard, in one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide loop is closed, i.e., the carbon dioxide is directly transported from the carbon dioxide capture system 38 to the storage reservoir 49 via a pipeline.

[0026] In one or more embodiments, the electricity generated by the power plant 21 of the carbon capture and geological storage system 10 can be transmitted to an external or remote location, such as the land-based distribution facility 23 shown in Figure 2, via a power transmission system 34 extending from the first marine platform 20. The power transmission system 34 can be a cable deployed along the seabed 51. In order to facilitate the transmission of electricity from the first marine platform 20, one or more step-up transformers 36 can be installed on the first marine platform 20. In one or more embodiments, the step-up transformer 36 can have a step-up voltage of 60 to 1,200 kV, while in other embodiments, the step-up transformer 36 can have a step-up voltage of at least 220 kV. In one or more embodiments, the step-up transformer 36 can be spaced apart from the power plant 21 and any burning fuel source of the power plant 21 to limit the spread of any transformer accident (such as fire) into the gas hazard area. Therefore, the step-up transformer 36 is shown along a separate side 20c of the first marine platform 20. In this regard, a firewall 37 or structure can be erected to further separate the step-up transformer 36 from various other systems of power generation, carbon capture and geological storage.

[0027] In one or more embodiments, one or both of the power delivery system 34 and the carbon dioxide delivery system 41 may extend from the deck 39 of the platform 20 , 26 to the seafloor 51 within the legs 33 of the platform 20 , 26 .

[0028] With particular reference to FIG. 2 , in one or more embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 may be positioned near an offshore wind farm 62 having a plurality of wind turbines 64. In such embodiments, the wind turbines 64 may be electrically connected to the first offshore platform 20 and / or the second offshore platform 26 to provide electrical power thereto. In some embodiments, the wind turbines 64 may be electrically connected to a transformer 36 mounted on the first offshore platform 20 to deliver electrical power via the power transmission system 34. It should be understood that in the event that the wind turbines 64 are available for generating electricity, the first offshore platform 20 may utilize the power plant 21 to supplement the power from the wind farm 62 when the power generation from the wind farm 62 decreases or in the event that the demand exceeds the electrical energy from the wind farm 62 alone. Thus, the first offshore platform 20 provides two sources of electrical power for delivery via the power transmission system 34. To manage the power from the two sources, the first offshore platform 20 may include a switch cabinet 66 electrically connected directly or indirectly to each power plant 21 and the plurality of wind turbines 64 to manage the power generated by the two sources.

[0029] The carbon capture and geological storage system 10 is not limited to a particular source of combustion fuel for the gas power generation system 22. Thus, in one or more embodiments, the combustion fuel may be delivered to the first offshore platform 20 via a pipeline (not shown). In other embodiments, the combustion fuel may be delivered via a fuel supply container 72 and stored in a storage facility 70 on-site at the first offshore platform 20. In one or more embodiments, the storage facility 70 may be located adjacent to the first offshore platform 20 to store hydrocarbon fuels (e.g., liquefied gas (LG), fuel oil, or diesel) and supply them to the first offshore platform, particularly the gas power generation system 22. As with the first offshore platform 20, in one or more embodiments, the storage facility 70 may be moored for a long period of time or semi-permanently installed next to the first offshore platform 20, as a continuous supply of hydrocarbon fuel for the operation of the gas power generation system 22 may be required. The storage facility 70 may be a buoyant vessel having one or more fuel cargo tanks 75. In some embodiments, the fuel cargo tanks 75 may be cryogenic fuel storage tanks in which liquefied gas may be stored. In the illustrated embodiment, the storage facility 70 is a liquefied gas ship having four liquefied gas cargo tanks 75. In order to minimize the length of a conduit (not shown) for supplying hydrocarbon fuel from the storage facility 70 to the first offshore platform 20, the storage facility 70 may be located proximate to the second side 20b of the first offshore platform 20, wherein the second offshore platform 26 having the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is located proximate to the first side 20a of the first offshore platform 20. In one or more embodiments, the liquefied gas may be liquefied natural gas. In one or more embodiments, the liquefied gas may be liquid petroleum gas, liquid ethane, methanol. In any case, in conjunction with local liquefied gas storage, a regasification unit 71 may be provided on the first offshore platform 20 to regasify the liquefied gas before the liquefied gas is discharged by the gas-fired power generation system 22 (particularly the internal combustion engine 24, see Figure 5 ) Gasify the liquefied gas before combustion.

[0030] It should be understood that by positioning one or both of the storage facility 70 and the carbon capture system 38 near the respective sides of the first marine platform 20, the need for additional or enhanced pumping of hydrocarbon fuels on the one hand and flue gas on the other hand is minimized. This is particularly ideal in the marine environment described herein. In addition, in certain embodiments, the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is positioned adjacent to the first side 20a so as to minimize the distance of the fluid communication pipeline / conduit between the gas power generation system 22 and the carbon dioxide capture system 38. Similarly, the storage facility 70 is positioned along the second side 20b so as to be easily fluidly connected to the gas power generation system 22 via the regasification unit 71, thereby minimizing the length of the conduit 73 for delivering liquefied gas to the gas power generation system 22, and allowing the conduit 73 to be an aerial hose. In addition, the transformer 36 can be positioned along the third side 20c so as to be spaced apart from the storage facility 70. Preferably, the second side 20b and the third side 20c are selected to be located at opposite ends of the first marine platform 20, with the first side 20a located therebetween.

[0031] In any case, the fuel supply vessel 72 may be moored separately from the storage facility 70 as shown. The fuel supply vessel 72 is configured to deliver hydrocarbon fuel to the storage facility 70.

[0032] As described above, while some embodiments of the carbon capture and geological storage system 10 are not limited to a particular arrangement, in other embodiments, the gas-fired power generation system 22, the transformer 36, the floating storage facility 70, and the carbon dioxide capture system 38 can be arranged to facilitate flue gas handling and scalability. FIG. 2b shows an embodiment of the power plant 21 and the carbon dioxide capture system 38, wherein the gas-fired power generation system 22 is generally deployed in a row on the deck 39 of the first marine platform 20. This in turn allows the flue gas exhaust pipe 28 to be more easily fluidly coupled to the exhaust duct 50, which can be generally linear in some embodiments due to the alignment of the flue gas exhaust pipe 28. As also shown in FIG. 2b, the first marine platform 20 has a first side 20a, the second marine platform 26 is positioned along the first side 20a, and the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is deployed on the second marine platform 26 to receive flue gas transported via a bridge exhaust duct 52 that is fluidly connected to the elongated exhaust duct 50. The first marine platform 20 has a second side 20b and a third side 20c. In one or more embodiments, the second side 20b and the third side 20c are opposite each other on opposite sides of the deck 39, wherein the floating storage facility 70 is positioned adjacent to the second side 20b, and one or more transformers 36 are positioned along the third side 20c, wherein the transformer 36 is positioned away from the floating storage facility 70 to limit the risk that any spark or fire at the transformer 36 may damage the floating storage facility 70. Similarly, FIG. 2c shows another embodiment of the power plant 21 and the carbon dioxide capture system 38, wherein the gas power generation system 22 is generally deployed in a row on the deck 39 of the first offshore platform 20. This in turn allows the flue gas exhaust pipe 28 to be more easily fluidly coupled to the exhaust duct 50, which can be generally linear in some embodiments due to the alignment of the flue gas exhaust pipe 28. As also shown in FIG. 2b, the first offshore platform 20 has a first side 20a, the second offshore platform 26 is positioned along the first side 20a, and the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is deployed on the second offshore platform 26 to receive the flue gas transported via the exhaust duct 50. The first offshore platform 20 has a second side 20b and a third side 20c. In one or more embodiments, the second side 20b and the third side 20c are opposite each other on opposite sides of the deck 39, wherein the floating storage facility 70 is positioned adjacent to the second side 20b, and one or more transformers 36 are positioned along the third side 20c, wherein the transformers 36 are positioned away from the floating storage facility 70 to limit the risk that any sparks or fires at the transformers 36 may damage the floating storage facility 70.

[0033] In one or more embodiments, a semi-submersible connection unit 74 may be provided between the fuel supply container 72 and the storage facility 70. The connection unit 74 is configured to allow a pipe 76 to be connected to the fuel supply manifold 12 on the container 72 for unloading hydrocarbon fuel from the container 72 to the storage facility 70 through the pipe 76. In this way, the first offshore platform may obtain a continuous or semi-continuous fuel supply without interrupting the operation of the gas power generation system 22 during the period when the fuel supply container 72 delivers the hydrocarbon fuel.

[0034] refer to Figure 3 , the power plant 21 and the carbon dioxide capture system 38 as described above are shown as being installed on a single offshore platform 20. The power plant 21 may have one or more gas-fired power generation systems 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the power plant 21 includes seven gas-fired power generation systems 22 as shown. As described above, although the present disclosure is not limited to a particular arrangement of the gas-fired power generation systems 22, in some embodiments, the gas-fired power generation systems 22 may be aligned in a row, thereby allowing an elongated linear exhaust duct 50 to be in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipe 28 from each gas-fired power generation system 22. In the illustrated embodiment, the exhaust duct 50 directs the flue gas to the carbon dioxide capture system 38. Likewise, although not limited to a particular arrangement, in one or more embodiments, the first offshore platform 20 may have an elongated deck 39, wherein the carbon dioxide capture system 38 is positioned at one end 39a of the deck 39, and the step-up transformer 36 is positioned at the opposite end 39b of the deck 39, with a plurality of aligned gas-fired power generation systems 22 disposed therebetween. "Linear" as used herein means extending generally in the same direction.

[0035] In this embodiment, the carbon dioxide capture system 38 includes an absorber 40 in fluid communication with the flue gas stack 28 (via conduit 50 ) and one or more stripping assemblies 42 in fluid communication with the absorber 40 .

[0036] Figure 4 Similar to Figure 3 , where a power plant 21 and a carbon dioxide capture system 38 are shown installed on a single ocean platform 20. In this embodiment, a wind farm 62 having several wind turbines 64 is shown near the ocean platform 20. Likewise, Figure 4 Combustion fuel is shown being delivered via a fuel supply container 72 and stored on-site at the first marine platform 20 in a storage facility 70. The storage facility 70 is located near the first marine platform 20 to store and supply hydrocarbon fuels, such as liquefied natural gas (LNG), to the first marine platform, in particular the gas power generation system 22. A semi-submersible connection unit 74 is provided between the fuel supply container 72 and the storage facility 70 to allow a pipe 76 to be connected to the fuel supply container 72 for unloading the hydrocarbon fuel from the container 72 to the storage facility 70 through the pipe 76.

[0037] While some embodiments contemplate direct injection of carbon dioxide produced by carbon dioxide capture system 38, in other embodiments, local temporary storage tanks for removing carbon dioxide produced by carbon dioxide capture system 38 or supplied from a source external to offshore platform 20 may be provided for temporary storage until a sufficient volume of carbon dioxide has been produced to achieve the desired capacity for injection via conduit 44. For example, Figure 4 As shown, carbon dioxide from the carbon dioxide capture system 38 or carbon dioxide supplied for injection from a source external to the marine platform 20 can be stored on-site in a storage facility 80. In one or more embodiments, the storage facility 80 can be located near the carbon dioxide capture system 38 (whether on the first marine platform 20 or on the second marine platform 26). The source external to the marine platform 20 can include a pipeline (not shown) that delivers carbon dioxide to the marine platform 20 or a marine cargo ship (not shown) that delivers carbon dioxide to the marine platform 20. The storage facility 80 can be moored for a long time or semi-permanently installed near the marine platform 20, 26, as the injection operation may require a large amount of carbon dioxide to be injected into the reservoir 49. The storage facility 80 can be a buoyant vessel with one or more cargo tanks 75, and the carbon dioxide can be stored in the cargo tanks 75 before injection. In addition, the storage facility 80 can also be used as a collection point for gaseous carbon dioxide supplied from a third party source, which can be combined with the carbon dioxide captured from the power plant 21 before injection into the reservoir 49.

[0038] The carbon capture and geological sequestration system 10 may also be used as a reservoir access hub utilizing the storage facility 80 to receive carbon dioxide from a transport vehicle (e.g., container 72) or via a pipeline and then store the received carbon dioxide in smaller volumes in the storage facility 80 until a sufficient volume has been received for injection into the reservoir 49 utilizing the compressor assembly 43, it being understood that establishing such an injection facility may be cost prohibitive for smaller carbon dioxide producers.

[0039] Although the power plant 21 is not limited to a particular configuration, Figure 5An example of a gas-fired power generation system 22 is shown. As shown, the gas-fired power generation system 22 includes an internal combustion engine 24 to which combustion fuel is supplied. For example, the combustion fuel may be supplied from a storage facility 70 or a fuel supply container 72 as described above. In any case, the flue gas from the internal combustion engine 24 is directed to a flue gas exhaust pipe 28. The internal combustion engine 24 drives a generator 32 to generate electricity, which is directed to a step-up transformer 36. A switch cabinet 66 may be provided to manage electricity from the gas-fired power generation system 22 and / or other sources, such as a wind turbine 64 (see FIG. 2 ). In one or more embodiments, each internal combustion engine 24 drives one or more generators 32. Therefore, in some embodiments, a power plant 21 having a plurality of internal combustion engines 24 may also include a corresponding plurality of generators 32. In order to further help manage the power at the first platform 20, one or more transformers 36 may be provided. The transformer 36 may be used to increase the power generated by the generator 32 and / or wind turbine (not shown) for transmission to a location away from the first platform 20. In one or more embodiments, the transformer 36 can be spaced apart from the gas power generation system 22 to minimize the interaction of the transformer with other components and equipment of the power plant 21. In one or more embodiments, the internal combustion engine 24 can be a piston engine, and in one or more embodiments, the internal combustion engine 24 can be a gas turbine engine. Thus, the power plant 21 can include a plurality of gas turbine engines for driving the generator 32, or a plurality of piston engines for driving the generator 32, or can include both gas turbine engines and piston engines configured to drive a plurality of generators 32.

[0040] Go to Figure 6 , a power generation and carbon capture method 100 is shown. In a first step 110, a first offshore platform (such as the first offshore platform 20) is positioned near an offshore subsea reservoir (such as a hydrocarbon reservoir that is depleted or has reached the end of its life). In one or more embodiments, the first offshore platform may be positioned on the seafloor above the reservoir (or moored on the ocean surface above the reservoir). In other embodiments, the first offshore platform may be positioned in the general vicinity of the subsea reservoir. In some embodiments, the first offshore platform may be positioned within 20-30 kilometers of a subsea reservoir or a pipeline connected to such a reservoir.

[0041] In a second step 120, the first offshore platform can be used to generate electricity through the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. This can be achieved using a power plant installed on the first offshore platform. In particular, a gas turbine engine and / or a piston engine of the power plant can be used to operate one or more generators to generate electricity. The hydrocarbon fuel is not limited to a specific type of combustion fuel and can include natural gas, hydrogen, gasoline, diesel fuel, marine fuel or similar fuels, all of which produce smoke when burned.

[0042] In step 130, the flue gas is directed to a carbon dioxide capture system. The carbon dioxide capture system may be located on the first offshore platform, or may be located on a second offshore platform installed or moored adjacent to the first offshore platform. A pipeline may be used to direct the flue gas from a flue gas exhaust pipe of the power plant to the carbon dioxide capture system.

[0043] In step 140, carbon dioxide is removed from the flue gas by a carbon dioxide capture system. Although the present disclosure is not limited to a specific method for removing carbon dioxide from flue gas, in one or more embodiments, the flue gas can be introduced into one or more absorption towers, which can include a solvent therein, which interacts with the flue gas passing through the tower to absorb carbon dioxide within the flue gas. The solvent is selected based on its ability to absorb carbon dioxide. In one or more embodiments, the solvent can be an amine or potassium carbonate. As is known in the art, an absorption tower is typically a vertical tower in which a packed bed is disposed. The gas to be cleaned, such as flue gas, is introduced into the lower portion of the tower and rises through the packed bed. A fluid solvent, typically in a liquid state, is introduced into the upper portion of the tower and flows downward through the packed bed, interacting with the rising flue gas in the packed portion of the tower. The clean gas, in this case, the flue gas stripped of a certain amount of carbon dioxide, leaves the tower near the upper portion of the tower, and the liquid solvent leaves the tower near the lower portion of the tower. Thereafter, carbon dioxide can be removed from the solvent for further processing.

[0044] In one or more embodiments, the saturated or carbon dioxide-rich liquid solvent from the absorber is directed to a stripping assembly where the solvent interacts with heat to produce a gaseous stream of carbon dioxide water vapor. The gaseous stream can pass through a condenser to separate the gaseous carbon dioxide from the water vapor, leaving the gaseous carbon dioxide for further processing as described herein.

[0045] In step 150, the carbon dioxide removed from the flue gas is injected into the carbon capture reservoir. As described above, in one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be injected directly from one of the offshore platforms into the carbon capture reservoir, thereby eliminating the need to transport the carbon dioxide to another location. In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be injected into the carbon capture reservoir in a continuous process as it is scrubbed from the flue gas, while in other embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be temporarily stored at the offshore platform and injected into the carbon capture reservoir in batches. In the latter case, it may be necessary to collect a minimum volume of carbon dioxide before injection is feasible or desired.

[0046] Go to Figure 7 , shows a power generation and carbon capture method 200 similar to method 100, wherein in a first step 210, a first offshore platform (eg, first offshore platform 20) is positioned near an offshore subsea reservoir (eg, a hydrocarbon reservoir that is depleted or has reached the end of its life).

[0047] In a second step 220, the first offshore platform may be used to generate electricity through combustion of a hydrocarbon fuel resulting in the production of flue gas containing carbon dioxide.

[0048] In step 225, a second offshore platform (such as second offshore platform 26) is positioned adjacent to the first offshore platform. The positioning of the two platforms is selected so that processes on the second offshore platform (e.g., generation of electricity and flue gas) can be coordinated with processes on the first offshore platform. In one or more embodiments, the second offshore platform can be positioned on the seafloor adjacent to the first offshore platform, or otherwise moored adjacent to the first offshore platform for long-term deployment.

[0049] In step 230, the flue gas is directed to a carbon dioxide capture system on a second offshore platform.

[0050] In step 240, carbon dioxide is removed from the flue gas by a carbon dioxide capture system. In one or more embodiments, the resulting carbon dioxide is in the form of gaseous carbon dioxide.

[0051] In step 250, the carbon dioxide removed from the flue gas is injected into the carbon capture reservoir. In one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide may be injected directly from the second offshore platform into the carbon capture reservoir. This direct injection may be a continuous process, or may be a batch process, as the desired volume of carbon dioxide is removed by the carbon dioxide capture system.

[0052] Go to Figure 8 , a method of generating electricity 300 is shown. In a first step 310, an offshore platform such as the first offshore platform 20 is positioned near an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines. Wind turbines as referred to herein are not limited to a particular type, but are generally configured to generate electricity generated by a rotating component driven by offshore wind. In one or more embodiments, the wind turbines may be mounted on a tower.

[0053] In step 320 , electricity generated by a wind farm, and in particular a number of wind turbines, is directed to a first offshore platform for collection, management, and distribution.

[0054] In step 330, the offshore platform may be used to generate electricity through the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. This may be accomplished using a power plant mounted on the offshore platform. In particular, a gas turbine engine and / or a piston engine of the power plant may be used to operate one or more generators to generate electricity. The hydrocarbon fuel is not limited to a particular type of combustion fuel and may include natural gas, hydrogen, diesel fuel, marine fuel, or similar fuels, all of which generate smoke when burned.

[0055] In step 340, transformers on the offshore platform may be used to manage power at the platform by boosting power from wind turbines and / or power from power plants for transmission to a location remote from the offshore platform, such as a land-based power distribution facility or grid. In this regard, electrical conduits or power lines may extend along the seabed from the offshore platform to such a location.

[0056] In step 350, to meet demand at the remote location, power from the wind turbines may be supplemented with power from the power plant, or alternatively, power from the power plant may be supplemented with power from the wind turbines. In one or more embodiments, power from the wind turbines may be the primary source of power transmitted to the remote location, and as demand rises, the power plant may be selectively operated to generate additional power to meet any demand that cannot be met by power from the wind turbines alone. This may occur, for example, when offshore winds are not driving the wind turbines at the speed required for the desired power generation capacity.

[0057] refer to Fig. 9 , another method of generating electricity 400 is shown. In a first step 410, an offshore platform (such as a first offshore platform 20) is positioned near an offshore submarine reservoir and near an offshore wind farm having several wind turbines. The offshore reservoir may be a submarine hydrocarbon reservoir that is depleted or has reached the end of its life. In one or more embodiments, the offshore platform may be positioned on the sea floor above the reservoir (or moored on the ocean surface above the reservoir). In other embodiments, the offshore platform may be positioned approximately near the submarine reservoir. In some embodiments, the offshore platform may be positioned within 20-30 kilometers of a submarine reservoir or a pipeline connected to such a reservoir. Wind turbines as referenced herein are not limited to a particular type, but are generally configured to generate electricity, the electricity being generated by a rotating component driven by offshore wind. In one or more embodiments, the wind turbine may be mounted on a tower.

[0058] In step 420, electricity generated by a wind farm, and specifically a number of wind turbines, is directed to an offshore platform for collection, management, and distribution.

[0059] In a second step 430, the offshore platform is used to generate electricity by combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. This can be achieved using a power plant installed on the offshore platform. In particular, the gas turbine engine and / or piston engine of the power plant can be used to operate one or more generators to generate electricity and flue gas from the combustion of hydrocarbons in the power plant.

[0060] In step 440, a transformer on the offshore platform may be used to manage power at the platform by boosting power from the wind turbines and / or power from the power plant for transmission to a location remote from the offshore platform, such as a land-based power distribution facility or grid. In this regard, electrical conduits or power lines may extend along the seabed from the offshore platform to such a location.

[0061] In step 450, to meet demand at the remote location, power from the wind turbines may be supplemented with power from the power plant, or alternatively, power from the power plant may be supplemented with power from the wind turbines as needed. In one or more embodiments, power from the wind turbines may be the primary source of power transmitted to the remote location, and as demand rises, the power plant may be selectively operated to generate additional power to meet any demand that cannot be met by power from the wind turbines alone. This may occur, for example, when offshore winds are not driving the wind turbines at the speed required for the desired power generation capacity.

[0062] In step 460, flue gas from the power plant is directed to a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to the power plant. The carbon dioxide capture system may be located on an offshore platform, or may be located on another offshore platform installed or moored adjacent to the offshore platform on which the power plant is installed. A pipeline may be used to direct the flue gas from the flue gas exhaust pipe of the power plant to the carbon dioxide capture system.

[0063] In step 470, carbon dioxide is removed from the flue gas by a carbon dioxide capture system. In one embodiment, the flue gas may be directed to one or more absorbers where a solvent removes carbon dioxide from the flue gas. Thereafter, the saturated or carbon dioxide-rich solvent from the absorber may be directed to a stripping assembly where the solvent interacts with heat to produce a gaseous fluid of carbon dioxide water vapor. The gaseous fluid may pass through a condenser to separate the gaseous carbon dioxide from the water vapor, leaving the gaseous carbon dioxide for further processing as described herein.

[0064] In step 480, the carbon dioxide removed from the flue gas is injected into the carbon capture storage reservoir. As described above, in one or more embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be injected directly from one of the ocean platforms directly into the subsea storage reservoir, thereby eliminating the need to transport the carbon dioxide to another location. In some embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be injected into the carbon capture reservoir in a continuous process as it is scrubbed from the flue gas, while in other embodiments, the carbon dioxide can be temporarily stored at the ocean platform and injected into the carbon capture reservoir in batches. In the latter case, it may be necessary to collect a minimum volume of carbon dioxide before injection is feasible or desired.

[0065] One benefit of the described method and system is that it eliminates the need to transport carbon dioxide. Typically, when carbon dioxide is produced by a land-based gas power plant, flue gas is first directed to a carbon dioxide capture system to remove carbon dioxide from the flue gas. The removed carbon dioxide is then liquefied and stored on land by cooling and compression until it can be transported to the dock on land by a tanker, and then the liquefied carbon dioxide is loaded onto a suitable sea vessel on the dock and transported to the injection site, where the liquefied carbon dioxide is transferred to a temporary storage device and then further compressed before being injected into the submarine reservoir. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the need to liquefy, store, transport (usually by land and sea) and store and then further compress carbon dioxide significantly increases the cost of carbon geological sequestration, and therefore increases the cost of generating electricity associated with carbon dioxide. For example, the additional logistics costs of 100USD / ton may increase the cost of 1 kilowatt of electricity by 3.5USc / kwh.

[0066] In order to remove the need to store, transport and regasify the carbon dioxide produced in the flue gas from power generation, in one or more embodiments described herein, the power plant is located near the seabed carbon dioxide storage reservoir at sea. The power plant, in particular the gas-fired power generation system carried by the first offshore platform, is fixed or moored to the seabed or otherwise installed for long-term power generation. The carbon dioxide capture system is also carried by the first offshore platform, or alternatively, by a second offshore platform installed near the first offshore platform. In the latter case, like the first offshore platform, the second offshore platform is installed for long-term deployment, and can therefore be fixed to the seabed or otherwise buoyed to operate in conjunction with the power plant. It should be understood that the carbon dioxide capture system is not limited to a specific type of carbon capture device. It should be understood that the power plant as contemplated herein is set to generate electricity for consumption by users, and therefore can generally be rated at 10MW or more. Similarly, because the electricity is generated at sea, the electricity must be transmitted over a longer distance in order to be connected to the power grid, and therefore the voltage of the first offshore platform can be increased to 60kV or more. However, the benefits of eliminating the need and cost of storing and transporting carbon dioxide greatly offset the potential longer transmission distance.

[0067] An additional benefit of the above arrangement relates to the fuel input for power generation. Almost all larger quantities of LNG are transported by ships. By placing the offshore platform terminal, power generation and CO2 capture facilities where these ships can easily unload, the logistical costs associated with fuel delivery and the associated carbon footprint are reduced.

[0068] Thus, an offshore power generation system has been described herein. In one or more embodiments, the offshore power generation system may include: a first offshore platform; at least one gas-fired power generation system mounted on the first offshore platform and having a power generation capacity greater than 10 MW, each gas-fired power generation system including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a power transmission system extending from the first offshore platform, the power transmission system being configured to supply user power to the outside of the first offshore platform; a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to the at least one gas-fired power generation system and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipe of the at least one gas-fired power generation system; and a carbon dioxide transmission system extending from the carbon dioxide capture system. In other embodiments, the offshore power generation system may include: a first offshore platform; a plurality of internal combustion engines mounted on the first offshore platform, each internal combustion engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first offshore platform and driven by the plurality of internal combustion engines; a power transmission system extending from the first offshore platform; a plurality of wind turbines; a power collection system mounted on the first offshore platform and electrically connected to the plurality of wind turbines; and one or more transformers mounted on the first offshore platform and electrically connected to the power collection system. Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first marine platform; a plurality of gas turbine engines mounted on the first marine platform, each gas turbine engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first marine platform and driven by the plurality of gas turbine engines; an electric power transmission system extending from the first marine platform; a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to the gas-fired power generation system and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of gas-fired power generation systems; and a carbon dioxide transmission system extending from the carbon capture system. Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first marine platform; at least one internal combustion engine mounted on the first marine platform, each internal combustion engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first marine platform and driven by the at least one internal combustion engine; an electric power transmission system extending from the first marine platform; a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to the gas-fired power generation system and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of gas-fired power generation systems; and a carbon dioxide transmission system extending from the carbon capture system. Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first offshore platform; a plurality of gas-fired power generation systems mounted on the first offshore platform, each gas-fired power generation system including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first offshore platform; a power transmission system extending from the first offshore platform; a second offshore platform adjacent to the first offshore platform; a carbon dioxide capture system mounted on the second offshore platform and fluidically connected to the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of gas-fired power generation systems; and a carbon dioxide transport system extending from the carbon capture system, wherein the carbon dioxide transport system is a conduit extending from the carbon capture system to a carbon dioxide injection wellhead.Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first offshore platform; a plurality of internal combustion engines mounted on the first offshore platform, each internal combustion engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first offshore platform; a power transmission system extending from the first offshore platform; a carbon dioxide capture system mounted on the offshore platform and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of internal combustion engines; and a carbon dioxide transmission system extending from the offshore platform. Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first offshore platform; a plurality of internal combustion engines mounted on the first offshore platform, each internal combustion engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first offshore platform; a power cable extending from the first offshore platform for transmitting electricity generated by the plurality of generators; a second offshore platform; a carbon dioxide capture system mounted on the second offshore platform and in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of internal combustion engines; a carbon dioxide injection wellhead; and a carbon dioxide transmission system extending from the second offshore platform to the carbon dioxide injection wellhead. Other embodiments of the offshore power generation system include: a first marine platform; a plurality of gas turbine engines mounted on the first marine platform, each gas turbine engine including a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first marine platform; a power transmission system extending from the first marine platform; a plurality of wind turbines; a power collection system mounted on the first marine platform and electrically connected to the plurality of wind turbines; and one or more transformers mounted on the first marine platform and electrically connected to the power collection system.

[0069] Any of the aforementioned offshore power generation systems may further include any of the following, alone or in combination:

[0070] The gas power generation system includes an internal combustion engine and a generator driven by the internal combustion engine.

[0071] The internal combustion engine comprises a gas turbine engine.

[0072] The internal combustion engine comprises a piston engine.

[0073] The plurality of internal combustion engines include one or more gas turbine engines and one or more piston engines.

[0074] The plurality of internal combustion engines include one or more gas turbine engines and one or more piston engines, wherein each of the gas turbine engines and piston engines drives a generator.

[0075] The at least one gas-fired generator has a generating capacity of 300-650 MW.

[0076] A plurality of gas-fired power generation systems having a total power generation capacity of 300-650 MW.

[0077] A plurality of gas-fired power generation systems having a total power generation capacity of at least 100 MW, wherein each gas-fired generator has a capacity of at least 10 MW.

[0078] The at least one gas-fired generator has a generating capacity of 100-950 MW.

[0079] A plurality of gas-fired power generation systems having a total power generation capacity of 100-950 MW.

[0080] The at least one gas generator has a total capacity of at least 300 MW of power generation capacity, wherein each gas generator has a capacity of at least 10 MW.

[0081] Each of the plurality of gas-fired power generation systems has a power generation capacity of at least 10 MW.

[0082] The gas-fired power generation system includes a gas turbine engine.

[0083] The gas-fired power generation system includes a piston engine.

[0084] The gas power generation system includes at least one gas turbine engine and at least one generator driven by the at least one gas turbine engine.

[0085] The first offshore platform is a power generation offshore platform.

[0086] The second ocean platform is a carbon capture ocean platform.

[0087] The first offshore platform is both a power generation offshore platform and a carbon capture offshore platform.

[0088] Each offshore platform is one of a jack-up platform, a semi-submersible platform, a barge, a buoyant vessel, a fixed platform, a spar platform, or a tension-leg platform.

[0089] The offshore platform is a buoyant vessel having an elongated hull with a first hull side and an opposing second hull side, a first hull end, and a second hull end.

[0090] The carbon capture system includes: one or more absorption towers in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipe; one or more stripping components (or desorbers) in fluid communication with the one or more absorption towers; and a compressor component in fluid communication with the one or more stripping components.

[0091] The power transmission system is cables.

[0092] A carbon dioxide injection system is in fluid communication with a carbon dioxide delivery system extending from the carbon dioxide capture system.

[0093] The carbon dioxide injection system includes a wellhead in fluid communication with a wellbore extending into the carbon capture reservoir.

[0094] The CO2 transport system is the conduit that extends from the carbon capture system to the wellhead.

[0095] The absorber contains a solvent.

[0096] The solvent is an amine.

[0097] The solvent was potassium carbonate.

[0098] The stripping assembly includes a heat generating system.

[0099] A plurality of internal combustion engines are linearly aligned on a first marine platform.

[0100] A plurality of internal combustion engines are linearly aligned along a first side of the first marine platform.

[0101] The second offshore platform is adjacent to the first offshore platform.

[0102] The second offshore platform is adjacent to the first side of the first offshore platform.

[0103] An elongated linear exhaust duct is in fluid communication with each of the flue gas exhaust pipes.

[0104] An elongated exhaust duct is in fluid communication with the two or more smoke exhaust pipes.

[0105] Bridge the exhaust duct, extending from the slim linear exhaust duct to the carbon capture system.

[0106] At least one exhaust conduit is in fluid communication with the absorber.

[0107] a plurality of wind turbines; a power collection system mounted on the first offshore platform and electrically connected to the plurality of wind turbines; and one or more transformers mounted on the first offshore platform and electrically connected to the power collection system.

[0108] Multiple step-up transformers installed on the first offshore platform.

[0109] The step-up transformer has a step-up voltage of 60 to 1,200 kV.

[0110] The step-up transformer has a step-up voltage of at least 220 kV.

[0111] Likewise, a method for generating electricity has been described. The method for generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore storage reservoir; operating a plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; directing the flue gas to a carbon dioxide capture system; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas using the carbon dioxide capture system; and injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the storage reservoir. Other embodiments of the method for generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines; directing electricity generated by the plurality of wind turbines to the first offshore platform; operating a plurality of gas turbine engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; stepping up the electricity from the wind turbines and the gas turbine engines for transmission using a transformer on the first offshore platform; and supplementing electricity generated by one type of turbine with electricity generated by another type of turbine. Other embodiments of the method for generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore carbon capture reservoir; operating a plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; directing the flue gas to a carbon dioxide capture system; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas using the carbon dioxide capture system; and injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the carbon capture reservoir. Other embodiments of the method for generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore carbon capture reservoir; operating a plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; positioning a second offshore platform adjacent to the first offshore platform; directing the flue gas to the second offshore platform; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas on the second offshore platform; and injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the carbon capture reservoir. Other embodiments of the method of generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines; directing electricity generated by the plurality of wind turbines to the first offshore platform; operating a plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; stepping up electricity for transmission using a transformer on the first offshore platform; and supplementing electricity generated by the wind turbines with electricity generated by the plurality of internal combustion engines. Other embodiments of the method of generating electricity may include: positioning a first offshore platform near an offshore carbon capture reservoir and an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines; directing electricity generated by the plurality of wind turbines to the first offshore platform; operating a gas-fired power generation system on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; stepping up electricity for transmission using a transformer on the first offshore platform; supplementing electricity generated by the wind turbines with electricity generated by the gas-fired power generation system, wherein the supplementing step includes: directing flue gas generated by the gas-fired power generation system to a carbon dioxide capture system; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas using the carbon dioxide capture system; and injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the carbon capture reservoir.

[0112] Any of the foregoing embodiments of the method for generating electricity may include any of the following, alone or in combination:

[0113] Operating the internal combustion engine includes operating a plurality of gas turbine engines.

[0114] Operating an internal combustion engine includes operating multiple piston engines.

[0115] Operating an internal combustion engine includes operating one or more piston engines and one or more gas turbine engines.

[0116] Removing carbon dioxide from flue gas includes introducing the flue gas into an absorber tower having a liquid solvent; then, passing the saturated liquid solvent from the absorber tower into a heated stripping assembly to release carbon dioxide from the saturated liquid solvent; and then, injecting the released carbon dioxide into an offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0117] Heat is provided to the stripper by injecting steam into the stripping assembly.

[0118] The CO2 is pumped directly from the second ocean platform into an offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0119] The CO2 is pumped directly from the CO2 capture system into an offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0120] Injection involves pumping carbon dioxide directly from a second ocean platform into a carbon capture reservoir.

[0121] Injection involves pumping carbon dioxide into a conduit extending from a second ocean platform to the carbon capture reservoir.

[0122] Injection involves pumping CO2 into a wellbore that extends into a carbon capture reservoir.

[0123] Positioning the first offshore platform proximate the offshore carbon capture reservoir includes positioning the first offshore platform above the offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0124] Positioning the first offshore platform proximate to the offshore carbon capture reservoir includes positioning the first offshore platform within 30 kilometers of the offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0125] Positioning the first offshore platform proximate to the offshore carbon capture reservoir includes positioning the first offshore platform within 20 kilometers of the offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0126] Operating the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas includes utilizing a plurality of gas turbine engines on the first offshore platform to drive a plurality of generators on the first offshore platform.

[0127] Combustion fuel is supplied from a floating storage facility to the internal combustion engine of the first marine platform.

[0128] Combustion fuel is transferred from an ocean transport vessel to a floating storage facility moored adjacent to the first ocean platform.

[0129] Supplying the combustion fuel includes delivering gas via a pipeline to the first marine platform.

[0130] Supplying the combustion fuel includes delivering gas to the first offshore platform using a LG vessel moored near the first offshore platform.

[0131] The first marine platform is positioned near an offshore wind farm having several wind turbines and near an offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0132] Carbon dioxide is captured from flue gas produced by the plurality of gas turbine engines and the captured carbon dioxide is directly injected into an offshore carbon capture reservoir.

[0133] The first or second offshore platform also serves as a receiving platform for carbon dioxide transported by ship from other carbon capture plants for the purpose of injecting the carbon dioxide into the carbon capture reservoir.

[0134] Although various embodiments have been shown and described, the present disclosure is not limited to these embodiments, and should be understood to include all modifications and changes that are obvious to those skilled in the art. Therefore, it should be understood that the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the specific forms disclosed; on the contrary, it is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents and substitutes that fall within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An offshore power generation system, comprising: First Marine Platform; at least one gas-fired power generation system installed on the first offshore platform and having a power generation capacity greater than 10 MW, each gas-fired power generation system comprising a flue gas exhaust pipe; a power transmission system extending from the first offshore platform, the power transmission system being configured to supply power to users outside the first offshore platform; a carbon dioxide capture system adjacent to said at least one gas-fired power generation system and in fluid communication with said flue gas stack of said at least one gas-fired power generation system; and A carbon dioxide delivery system extends from the carbon dioxide capture system.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one gas-fired power generation system comprises: a plurality of internal combustion engines mounted on the first offshore platform, each of the plurality of internal combustion engines comprising one of the flue gas exhaust pipes; and A plurality of generators are installed on the first offshore platform and driven by the plurality of internal combustion engines.

3. The system of claim 2, further comprising a second offshore platform adjacent to the first offshore platform, wherein: The plurality of gas-fired power generation systems are mounted on the first offshore platform; and wherein the plurality of generators are mounted on the first offshore platform; and wherein the carbon dioxide capture system is mounted on the second offshore platform and is fluidly connected to the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of gas-fired power generation systems; and wherein the carbon dioxide transport system extends from the carbon capture system, wherein the carbon dioxide transport system is a conduit extending from the carbon capture system to a proximal carbon dioxide injection wellhead.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The at least one gas powered power generation system has a total power generation capacity of at least 100 MW.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The carbon capture system includes: one or more absorption towers in fluid communication with the flue gas stack; one or more stripping assemblies in fluid communication with the one or more absorption towers; and a compressor assembly in fluid communication with the one or more stripping assemblies.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The stripping assembly includes a heat generating system.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The one or more absorption columns contain a solvent selected from the group consisting of an amine and potassium carbonate.

8. An offshore power generation system, comprising: First Marine Platform; a plurality of gas turbine engines mounted on the first offshore platform, each gas turbine engine comprising a flue gas exhaust pipe; a plurality of generators mounted on the first offshore platform and driven by the plurality of gas turbine engines; a power transmission system extending from said first offshore platform; several wind turbines; an electric power collection system mounted on the first offshore platform and electrically connected to the plurality of wind turbines; as well as One or more transformers are mounted on the first offshore platform and are electrically connected to the power collection system.

9. The system according to claim 8, further comprising: a carbon dioxide capture system in fluid communication with said flue gas exhaust ducts of said plurality of gas turbine engines; as well as A carbon dioxide transport system extends from the carbon dioxide capture system to an adjacent storage reservoir.

10. The system according to claim 9, wherein: The carbon dioxide transport system is a conduit extending from the carbon capture system to an adjacent carbon dioxide injection wellhead that is in fluid communication with a subsea storage reservoir.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the carbon capture system comprises: one or more absorption towers in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust duct; one or more stripping assemblies in fluid communication with the one or more absorber towers; and a compressor assembly in fluid communication with the one or more stripping assemblies, wherein the stripping assemblies include a heat generating system; and wherein the one or more absorber towers contain a solvent selected from the group consisting of an amine and potassium carbonate.

12. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The plurality of gas turbine engines are linearly aligned on the first marine platform.

13. The system of claim 12, further comprising an elongated linear exhaust duct in fluid communication with each of the flue gas exhaust pipes.

14. The system according to claim 8, wherein: The first offshore platform has at least a first side, a second side and a third side opposite to the second side, wherein a second offshore platform is deployed adjacent to the first side of the first offshore platform, the second offshore platform comprising a carbon dioxide capture system in fluid communication with the flue gas exhaust pipes of the plurality of gas turbine engines, and a carbon dioxide delivery system extending from the carbon dioxide capture system to a subsea storage reservoir; wherein a liquefied gas floating storage facility is moored adjacent to the second side of the first offshore platform and is in fluid communication with the plurality of gas turbine engines; and Wherein, a plurality of step-up transformers are installed on the third side adjacent to the first offshore platform so as to be spaced apart from the liquefied gas floating storage facility, wherein each of the plurality of step-up transformers has a step-up voltage of at least 60 kV.

15. The system of claim 8, wherein the one or more transformers include a plurality of step-up transformers mounted on the first offshore platform, wherein: The step-up transformers each have a step-up voltage of at least 60 kV.

16. A method for generating electricity, comprising: positioning a first offshore platform adjacent to an offshore storage reservoir; operating a plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; directing the flue gas to a carbon dioxide capture system; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas using the carbon dioxide capture system; as well as The removed carbon dioxide is injected into a storage reservoir.

17. The method according to claim 16, further comprising: positioning a second offshore platform adjacent to said first offshore platform; directing the smoke to the second offshore platform; as well as Carbon dioxide is removed from the flue gas on the second offshore platform.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising the step of pressurizing the removed carbon dioxide prior to injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the storage reservoir.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein: Removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas includes: introducing the flue gas into an absorption tower with a liquid solvent; then, passing the saturated liquid solvent from the absorption tower into a heated stripping assembly to release gaseous carbon dioxide from the saturated liquid solvent; and then, injecting the released carbon dioxide into the offshore storage reservoir.

20. The method of claim 18, further comprising pumping pressurized carbon dioxide directly from the carbon dioxide capture system into the offshore storage reservoir.

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein: Positioning the first offshore platform proximate the offshore storage reservoir includes positioning the first offshore platform above a subsea carbon capture reservoir offshore.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein: Operating the plurality of internal combustion engines on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas includes utilizing a plurality of gas turbine engines on the first offshore platform to drive a plurality of generators on the first offshore platform.

23. The method of claim 22, further comprising supplying hydrocarbon gas from a floating offshore vessel to the gas turbine engine of the first marine platform.

24. The method of claim 16, further comprising positioning the first offshore platform proximate an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines and proximate an offshore storage reservoir.

25. A method for generating electricity, comprising: positioning a first offshore platform proximate an offshore wind farm having a plurality of wind turbines; directing electrical power generated from the plurality of wind turbines to a first offshore platform; operating a gas turbine engine on the first offshore platform to generate electricity and flue gas; utilizing a transformer on the first offshore platform to step up the voltage of the electricity from the wind turbine and the gas turbine engine for transmission; as well as The electricity generated by one type of turbine is used to supplement the electricity generated by another type of turbine.

26. The method according to claim 25, further comprising: Positioning the first offshore platform near the offshore wind farm and near an offshore storage reservoir, wherein the supplementary steps include: directing said flue gas generated by said gas turbine engine to a carbon dioxide capture system; removing carbon dioxide from the flue gas using the carbon dioxide capture system; and injecting the removed carbon dioxide into the offshore storage reservoir.

27. The method of claim 25, further comprising capturing carbon dioxide from flue gas produced by the gas turbine engine and injecting the captured carbon dioxide directly into a subsea carbon capture reservoir offshore.

28. The method of claim 27, further comprising mooring a floating liquefied gas storage unit proximate the first offshore platform and transferring hydrocarbon fuel from the floating liquefied gas storage unit to the first offshore platform for combustion by the gas turbine engine.

29. The method of claim 28, further comprising vaporizing liquefied gas from the floating liquefied gas storage unit prior to introducing the hydrocarbon fuel into the gas turbine engine.

30. The method of claim 25, further comprising transmitting electrical power from the first offshore platform to a land-based power distribution facility.

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