Method for improving yield and quality of continuous cropping lily and carbon-based bio-fertilizer used by method

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of continuous cropping lilies and a carbon-based bio-fertilizer used by the method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. Comprising the following steps: (1) putting third-generation lily bulbs into a heat preservation box, freezing, storing, vernalizing, and soaking with a comprehensive seed treatment solution; (2) after deeply turning and drying the field, spreading a carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, and drying in the sun; the carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by mixing a novel straw bio-organic fertilizer with a novel charcoal soil conditioner; the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials: chrysanthemum cake, tobacco powder, humic acid, other organic wastes, an organic material decomposition agent and a localized functional microbial agent. And (3) before seeding, spreading a carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer. The compound fertilizer can effectively inhibit lily continuous cropping diseases, has excellent water and fertilizer retention performance, is stable, efficient and lasting in fertilizer efficiency, has an outstanding pesticide and fertilizer reduction effect, and can remarkably relieve lily continuous cropping obstacles.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of continuously planted lilies and a carbon-based biofertilizer used therein. Background Art

[0002] lily( Liliespp. ) is a member of the Liliaceae family ( Liliaceae )Lilium( Lily.L. ) is a general term for plants, which is a type of ornamental plants with important commercial value. They are mainly used for cut flowers, gardens and potted plants. Some species are also edible and medicinal. They like coolness and are relatively cold-resistant. They are distributed discontinuously in East Asia, Europe and North America in the temperate zone of the Northern Hemisphere. East Asia is one of its main distribution centers, accounting for nearly 3 / 4 of the global distribution.

[0003] Biofertilizers play an indirect role mainly by improving soil microecology, especially soil water retention, fertilizer retention, air permeability, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and increasing microbial activity. In most lily-growing areas, biofertilizers are mainly regarded as "fertilizers", and lily bulbs are mainly supplied with fertilizers by furrow application. The main focus is on plant nutrition for fertilization, and the key role of biological organic fertilizers in improving soil ecology is not taken seriously. This traditional biofertilizer supply model fails to give full play to the role of biofertilizers in improving soil water retention, fertilizer retention, air permeability, improving soil physical and chemical properties, and increasing microbial activity. Therefore, the improvement and repair effect of biofertilizers on soil obstacles to lily continuous cropping is not significant, which greatly limits the application and promotion of biofertilizer technology in lily continuous cropping.

[0004] Existing charcoal-based bio-organic fertilizers are mainly prepared by mixing biochar with livestock and poultry manure fermented organic fertilizer. There are problems such as incomplete fermentation of livestock and poultry manure, complex ingredients, low degree of standardization, serious problems of odor, and toxins and bacteria. After continuous cropping of lilies, crop diseases and insect pests are easy to breed and spread, poor water and fertilizer retention performance, unstable fertilizer efficiency, and potential ecological risks of heavy metals, hormones, and antibiotics.

[0005] The preparation of existing carbon-based composite microbial fertilizers is based on simple mixed fertilizers, with a high proportion of fertilizer addition. It does not pay attention to the inhibitory effect of high fertilizer proportions on functional microorganisms, nor the biological characteristics of lily's salt intolerance, nor the key technical problem that organic matter mainly adsorbs cations and is difficult to adsorb and fix nitrate nitrogen. In actual application, there are a series of key technical problems such as easy leaching of nitrogen nutrients, difficulty in fully exerting the effect of water and fertilizer conservation, low activity of functional microorganisms, and weak disease inhibition. In addition, there are also problems such as non-localized microbial functional strains, poor adaptability, low degree of standardization of microbial agent production, and difficulty in colonization and survival.

[0006] Therefore, the present invention hopes to find a method that can systematically solve the common problems in the preparation of the above-mentioned biological organic fertilizer and its application on lilies, inhibit lily continuous cropping diseases, alleviate lily continuous cropping obstacles, and improve quality and increase yield. Summary of the invention

[0007] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for inhibiting lily continuous cropping diseases, alleviating lily continuous cropping obstacles, and improving quality and increasing yield.

[0008] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of continuously planted lilies, comprising the following steps: (1) Place the third-generation lily bulbs in an incubator, freeze them for storage, then perform vernalization treatment, and soak them in a comprehensive seed treatment solution before planting; (2) After deep plowing and drying the planting land, spread charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and dry it in the sun; The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 18-22% of a new biochar soil conditioner to a new straw bio-organic fertilizer; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28-32 parts of tobacco foam, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5-5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.8-1.2 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; (3) Before planting the third-generation lily bulbs, spread carbon-based straw compound microbial fertilizer; (4) Dig trenches, plant seeds, cover the soil, make ridges, and water the soil to ensure that the seeds take root.

[0009] Preferably, the vernalization treatment in step (1) is carried out 1 to 2 months before planting, and the temperature of the vernalization treatment is 0 to 2°C; Preferably, the comprehensive seed treatment solution in step (1) is prepared by diluting leuproprid·fludioxonil and purguthiamidazole·high chlorfluanid by 1000 to 2000 times respectively, and then mixing them and adding imidacloprid. The volume mass ratio of the lepidol·fludioxonil, purgedhiamicin·high chlorfluanid and imidacloprid is 1-2L: 1-2L: 680-720g; The soaking time is 4 to 6 minutes.

[0010] Preferably, the deep plowing and sunning of the field in step (2) lasts for 5 to 6 months, with 4 to 6 deep plowings, each with an interval of 25 to 30 days; The fertilization time of the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is April or May every year, the application amount is 1.5-2.5 tons / mu, the fertilization soil layer depth is 20-30 cm, and the drying time is 28-31 days; The application amount of the carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer in step (3) is 450-550 kg / mu, and the fertilization soil layer depth is 10-15 cm.

[0011] The invention provides a charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer used in the method for improving the yield and quality of continuously cropped lilies.

[0012] Preferably, the other organic wastes include one or more of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium fulvic acid; The novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 300-350 parts of water and 8-12 parts of localized functional bacterial agents.

[0013] Preferably, the localized functional bacterial agent is prepared by base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 3.8-4.2: 0.9-1.1: 4.8-5.2; The total effective viable count of the localized functional bacterial agent is 40 to 50 billion / g.

[0014] The present invention also provides a carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer used in the method for improving the yield and quality of continuously cropped lilies.

[0015] Preferably, the carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer is compounded by mixing the carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer and the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10-12:0.9-1.1; Preferably, the lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing charcoal-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2-2.1:3-3.3.

[0016] Preferably, the carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580-620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90-110 parts of urea, 190-210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100-110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580-620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-340 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0017] Preferably, the nitrogen content of the ammonium sulfate is 20% to 21%; The N content of the urea is 45% to 46%; The nitrogen content of the ammonium chloride is 24% to 26%; The C content of the biochar is ≥60%.

[0018] The content of P2O5 in the ordinary superphosphate is 12-16%; The content of K2O in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; The content of N in the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the content of P2O5 is 45-61%. Beneficial Effects

[0019] The present invention provides a comprehensive bulb treatment liquid technology with frozen storage, low-temperature vernalization, pre-plant coating, sterilization and insecticide effects for lily third-generation bulbs, which better solves the big problem of bulbs carrying toxins and bacteria that has been plaguing the planting of lily third-generation bulbs, and at the same time reactivates the biological characteristics of lily third-generation bulbs, which lays a good technical foundation for the efficient use of lily third-generation bulbs. In addition, the present invention provides a solution for long-term sunlight disinfection of the planting site of lily third-generation bulbs, and a solution for thoroughly improving the soil microecology with charcoal-based straw biological organic fertilizer, and a technology for providing lily nutrients with charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, which can establish an effective defense of lily bulb background soil against pathogens, so that the bulb root zone can be accurately fertilized and more beneficial microorganisms can be planted, and a more rigorous biological defense circle can be constructed in the root zone of the bulb, which is more beneficial to controlling soil-borne diseases of lily bulbs and meeting the diversified nutrient needs of lilies.

[0020] The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer provided by the present invention is prepared by mixing a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer with a new type of biochar soil conditioner. No livestock and poultry manure is added during the preparation process, and there is no old problem of livestock and poultry manure carrying toxins and bacteria. Because a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer that effectively inhibits soil-borne diseases and has excellent water and fertilizer retention performance is compounded with a new type of biochar soil conditioner with high biological activity, water and fertilizer retention, and good disease inhibition performance, the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention has a more superior soil improvement and fertilization performance and a more effective potential for inhibiting soil-borne diseases of lilies in continuous cropping technology, which is extremely beneficial to reducing lily continuous cropping diseases.

[0021] The charcoal-based straw-based composite microbial fertilizer provided by the present invention is prepared by compounding charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer with lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer. While having the advantages of the straw composite microbial fertilizer, it also conforms to the biological characteristics of lily that it is not salt-tolerant. The preparation process uses a new type of biochar soil conditioner compound with high biological activity, good water and fertilizer retention, and disease inhibition performance, so that the charcoal-based straw-based composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention has more prominent functions of water retention, fertilizer retention, efficiency promotion, crop growth stimulation, and disease inhibition. The application of the charcoal-based straw-based composite microbial fertilizer in the continuous cropping of lilies is conducive to the directional improvement and fertilization of the soil that hinders continuous cropping, and effectively reduces the continuous cropping obstacles of lilies.

[0022] The method and planting fertilizer provided by the present invention can effectively inhibit lily continuous cropping diseases, have excellent water and fertilizer retention performance, stable, efficient and long-lasting fertilizer effect, greatly control the potential ecological risks of hormones and antibiotics, have outstanding drug and fertilizer reduction effects, and have a significant effect of alleviating lily continuous cropping obstacles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the present invention, the base No. 1 microbial agent is a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center, wherein the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus velez YWF-17-0003 is 300 billion / mL, the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 300 billion / mL, and the effective live bacteria count of Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 80 billion / mL, and the ratio of the three bacteria is 2:2:1.

[0024] The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center. Among them, the effective live counts of Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 are 100 billion / g, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 are 100 billion / g and Bacillus WSWFJ41 are 100 billion / g. The ratio of the three bacteria is 1:2:1, and the finished product contains 200 kg / ton of the compound bacterial agent.

[0025] GABA-containing microbial agent, a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center. It contains 2 billion / g of Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and 2 billion / g of effective live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44, with the ratio of the two bacteria being 1:1. The finished product contains 150 kg / ton of the compound agent. The content of gamma-aminobutyric acid is 0.5%, and the content of glutathione is 0.1%.

[0026] The tobacco potassium in this application is the substance after the tobacco rod is burned.

[0027] The cut lily variety tested in the embodiment of the present invention is Palazzo, which is native to the Netherlands, moderately light-loving, slightly shade-tolerant, moderately warm-loving, with deep pink flowers, wavy sepal edges and curled tips, and strong disease resistance. The seeds used in this test are three-generation lily bulbs that have been harvested for three consecutive crops (planting time up to 3 years).

[0028] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0029] Example 1 A charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 18% of a new biochar soil conditioner to a new straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0030] The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28 parts of tobacco foam, 28 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.9 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent used in the present invention is prepared from commercially available base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4.2:0.9:5.2 (volume ratio), and is prepared and used immediately.

[0031] The novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of 650 parts of biochar, 350 parts of water and 8 parts of localized functional bacteria (parts by weight).

[0032] Example 2 A charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 19% of a new biochar soil conditioner to a new straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0033] The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 32 parts of tobacco foam, 32 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of other organic wastes, 5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 1.1 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent used in the present invention is prepared from commercially available base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 3.8:1.1:4.8 (volume ratio), and is prepared and used immediately.

[0034] The novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of 700 parts of biochar, 300 parts of water and 12 parts of localized functional bacteria (parts by weight).

[0035] Example 3 A charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 20% ​​of a new biochar soil conditioner to a new straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0036] The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 30 parts of tobacco foam, 30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of other organic wastes, 5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 1 part of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent used in the present invention is prepared from commercially available base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4:1:5 (volume ratio), and is prepared and used immediately.

[0037] Examples 1 to 3: Sources and descriptions of raw materials for novel straw bio-organic fertilizers Table 1

[0038] The preparation method of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer: (1) Mix chrysanthemum wither, tobacco foam, humic acid, other organic wastes and organic material composting agent in the above proportions, stir and ferment. After 7 days of fermentation, when the temperature rises and remains constant at 65°C, turn the compost for the first time. Then turn the compost once every 7 days, for a total of 5 times. Each time the compost is turned, the fermentation temperature drops by 5°C. After 35 days of fermentation, the compost is turned; (2) After turning the compost, the fermentation is completed after aging at 40°C for 25 days; (3) The fermented material is crushed and sieved to 4 mm, and localized functional bacterial agent is added and mixed to obtain the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0039] The novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of 650 parts of biochar, 300 parts of water and 10 parts of localized functional bacteria (parts by weight).

[0040] Example 4 A carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is prepared by compounding the carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer and the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer according to Example 3 in a mass ratio of 10:0.9; The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:3.3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580 parts of ammonium sulfate, 110 parts of urea, 190 parts of ammonium chloride and 110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0041] Example 5 A carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is prepared by compounding the carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer and the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer according to Example 3 in a mass ratio of 12:1.1; The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2.1:3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90 parts of urea, 210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580 parts of potassium sulfate and 340 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0042] Example 6 A carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is prepared by compounding the carbon-based straw bio-organic fertilizer described in Example 3 and the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 11.5:1; The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of ammonium sulfate, 100 parts of urea, 220 parts of ammonium chloride and 100 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 600 parts of potassium sulfate and 320 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0043] Performance related indicators of the fertilizer used in the carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer described in Examples 4 to 6: (1) Carbon-based long-term nitrogen fertilizer Table 2

[0044] (2) High phosphorus and high potassium mixed fertilizer Table 3

[0045] (3) Lily charcoal-based fertilizer It is made of carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium mixed fertilizer, and the finished product N-P2O5-K2O is 10-9-18.

[0046] Example 7 The test site of this embodiment is an old field where cut lilies have been planted for 3 years, located in the Fanjiaxintun lily planting base in Tongquan Street, Qujing City, 0.5 mu / embodiment. The test time starts from October 2022.

[0047] (1) At the end of October, dig out the third-generation bulbs. Select the third-generation bulbs with a circumference of 16-22 cm from the digged third-generation bulbs. Select the third-generation bulbs that are free of pests and diseases, mechanical damage, strong bulbs, smooth surface, and symmetrical fruit shape. Wash and air-dry the selected bulbs, place them in a foam insulation box with high-temperature sterilized medium (mostly peat soil, 50% water content), and place them in layers. Each layer is filled with high-temperature sterilized medium, and the filling thickness of each layer is 4 cm; Put the packed bulbs into the freezer and freeze them at -2℃. Adjust the temperature to 2℃ for vernalization 2 months before planting. Before planting, prepare a comprehensive seed treatment solution with coating, sterilization and insecticide effects on the bulbs, then soak the test seeds and frames for 5 minutes, then remove the frames from the water and dry them naturally for later use; The comprehensive seed treatment solution is prepared by diluting 1L of leuproprid·fludioxonil and 1L of purgthiamicin·high chlorofluorocarbon by 1000 times respectively, mixing the mixture, and then adding 700g of imidacloprid.

[0048] (2) In mid-November, the residues of the previous continuous crop of lilies were cleaned up and the plastic sheeting on the greenhouse steel frame was removed. The first rotary tillage and deep plowing (40 cm) was completed in mid-November 2022, and rotary tillage and deep plowing were carried out once a month from then until mid-March, for a total of 5 times, with deep plowing and sun drying lasting up to 5 months.

[0049] After deep plowing and drying of the test field, the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer described in Example 3 was spread as base fertilizer (base fertilizer was applied in late April, 2 tons / mu), and the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly. The fertilized soil layer depth was 25 cm, and the soil was naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheets in a greenhouse.

[0050] (3) In late May, the carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer described in Example 6 (500 kg / mu) was applied to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0051] (4) Dig trenches and plant: dig one wide trench on each side, and dig two small trenches in one wide trench. The wide trench is 30 cm deep and 70 cm wide. The small trench is 10 cm deep and 30 cm wide, and the spacing between small trenches is 10 cm. When placing bulbs, place the buds upwards, and place 2 rows of bulbs in one small trench, with a row spacing of 20×20 cm.

[0052] Cover the soil, level the soil and form ridges: backfill the soil on both sides of the wide planting ditch, cover the bulbs with soil and form ridges and planting ditch. After leveling the ditch, standardized ridges are finally formed with a ridge width of 40 cm, a ridge height of 40 cm and a ridge width of 100 cm.

[0053] Watering for rooting: Install a drip irrigation device, with 4 rows in one ridge and 1 drip tube in each row. The amount of water used for the first rooting is about 1 ton / mu.

[0054] Subsequent normal field management is recorded as shown in the following table: Table 4 Field management

[0055] Comparative Example 1 Different from Example 7, in step (2) of this Example, after deep plowing and sun drying of the test field, the new straw bio-organic fertilizer used in Example 3 was spread (base fertilizer was applied in late April, 2 tons / mu), and the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly. The fertilized soil layer was 25 cm deep and naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheeting in a greenhouse.

[0056] (3) In late May, apply new straw compound microbial fertilizer (500 kg / mu) to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0057] The novel straw composite microbial fertilizer is prepared by compounding the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer used in Example 3 and the lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer used in Example 6 at a mass ratio of 11.5:1.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] A biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), which is composed of 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material products, 23.75 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 36.25 parts of smoke foam, 11.25 parts of humic acid, 3.75 parts of other organic wastes, 5 parts of organic material composting agents, and 1 part of localized functional bacterial agents.

[0060] Other organic wastes consist of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4.

[0061] The preparation method of the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material product: ① Add 5 times water to fresh livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) (water content 70%) and stir evenly, then transport it to the anaerobic fermentation tank through a feed pump for natural anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to complete the natural anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure).

[0062] ② The livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) that has been anaerobic fermented is subjected to simple extraction and solid-liquid separation to obtain livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) biogas residue. The livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) biogas residue is naturally spread, piled, and air-dried for aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and the moisture content is controlled to ≤30%, to obtain the primary product of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer that has been naturally fermented anaerobically and aerobically.

[0063] ③ The primary product of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer is crushed to obtain the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material product used in the present invention.

[0064] The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) is the same as the preparation method of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer mentioned above.

[0065] Comparative Example 3 A composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement), wherein the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer used in Example 6 of the present invention is added to the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) described in Comparative Example 2 at a ratio of 11.5:1.

[0066] Comparative Example 4 The test site of this embodiment is located at the Fanjiaxintun lily planting base in Tongquan Street, Qujing City, 0.5 mu / embodiment. The test time starts from October 2022.

[0067] Different from Example 7, in step (2) of this example, after deep plowing and drying of the test field, the bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) of Comparative Example 2 was spread (base fertilizer was applied in late April, 2 tons / mu), and the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly. The fertilized soil layer was 25 cm deep and naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheeting in a greenhouse to complete the bio-organic fertilizer soil improvement operation.

[0068] (3) In late May, evenly spread the compound microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) of Example 3 (500 kg / mu) to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0069] Test Example 1 The nutrient index, heavy metal index, microbial quantity, and high-throughput sequencing index of the fertilizer used in the planting process of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 were tested.

[0070] 1. Nutrient indicators Table 5 Nutrient indexes of different biological fertilizers

[0071] The novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention has a total nutrient content of 1.98% due to the emphasis on "salt" control in terms of raw material ratio, process flow and other aspects. It is a typical low-salt biochar soil conditioner, which can minimize the inhibitory effect of salt on functional microorganisms. At the same time, the pH of the fertilizer is alkaline, which is conducive to the improvement and repair of acidified soil. The total nutrient content of the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) used in the preparation of composite microbial fertilizer by the present invention is 4.04%. The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer also pays attention to "salt" control, with a total nutrient content of 4.40%. The total nutrient content of the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is 4.04%, both of which are typical low-salt bio-organic fertilizers, suitable for improving the soil for lily cultivation that is not tolerant to salt.

[0072] In addition, the total nutrient content of the novel straw-based composite microbial fertilizer of the present invention is 10.29%, the total nutrient content of the composite microorganisms containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) is 10.36%, and the carbon-based straw-based composite microbial fertilizer is 10.47%, all of which have the distinctive characteristics of typical composite microbial fertilizers with low salt, nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion, and potassium increase. The application of technology can coordinate and improve the current situation of the general biased application of nitrogen fertilizers in the production of hundreds of crops and the uncoordinated supply of soil nutrients.

[0073] In addition, the present invention uses the long-acting carbon-based nitrogen fertilizer technology in the composite microbial fertilizer to enhance its adsorption capacity for active nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen, and effectively inhibit the loss of nitrogen nutrients; low-proportion fertilizers, powdered high-phosphorus and high-potassium blending are conducive to the fertilizer phosphorus and potassium nutrients being wrapped and activated by organic matter containing active biological bacteria, and applying them to the soil is conducive to avoiding direct contact between phosphorus and potassium nutrients and clay particles, and can effectively reduce the adsorption and fixation effect of clay colloids on phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which is conducive to the fertilizer functional microorganisms to fully exert the effect of activating phosphorus and potassium. The use of lilies can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops. In addition, the biofertilizer preparation process of the present invention is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid that have great water retention, fertilizer retention, efficiency promotion, and crop growth stimulation performance, so that the bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention and the composite microbial fertilizer effect and microbial efficacy prepared therefrom can be more fully exerted, with a distinct "low fertilizer and high efficiency" feature, and the dual reduction effect of medicine and fertilizer is prominent, and should have significant weight loss, quality improvement, and synergistic effects.

[0074] 2. Heavy metal indicators Table 6 Heavy metal indicators of different biofertilizers

[0075] From the test results (Table 6), it can be seen that the heavy metal contents of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, the new straw composite microbial fertilizer, the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer, the charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer, the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the new biochar soil conditioner and other biofertilizers of the present invention are much lower than the NYT525-2021 standard and the NYT798-2015 standard. The application of technology can effectively reduce the environmental risk of heavy metal pollution.

[0076] 3. Microbial Quantity Table 7 Number of microorganisms in different biofertilizers

[0077] According to the analysis and test results of the novel biochar soil conditioner of the present invention, the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, anti-line bacteria, and fungi reached the level of 10 billion, 100 million, and 10 million, respectively, far exceeding the NYT525-2021 standard. According to the analysis and test results of the biofertilizer of the present invention, the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) reached the level of 100 billion, 1 billion, and 10 million, respectively, and the effective live bacteria counts of bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer reached the level of 100 billion, 1 billion, and 100 million, respectively, far exceeding the biological organic fertilizer-NY884-2012 standard and the compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015 standard. However, due to the inhibitory effect of chemical fertilizers, the effective live bacteria count of compound microbial bacteria in livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) was reduced to the level of one million, which did not meet the compound microbial fertilizer-NYT798-2015 standard.

[0078] 4. High-throughput sequencing indicators The soil organic fertilizer of the present application was sent to Sichuan Panomik Biotechnology Co., Ltd. for high-throughput sequencing to analyze the bacterial and fungal diversity of the organic fertilizer. The results are shown in Tables 8 and 9.

[0079] Table 8 Bacterial genus level

[0080] Table 9 Fungal genus level

[0081] Based on the results of high-throughput sequencing, the relative abundance of Nocardia bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention increased by 45525.01%, and the relative abundance of Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer reached 1.64% and 18.72%, respectively, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus bacteria with antibiotic degradation ability reached 5.83%.

[0082] In addition, the study found that at the genus level of fungi, the relative abundance of the harmful Botrytis cinerea in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer increased by 99.97% compared with the straw bio-organic fertilizer, the beneficial Archarrhiza genus decreased by 894765.60%, the relative abundance of the beneficial Thermomyces genus decreased by 1200.86%, the relative abundance of the beneficial Microcystis genus decreased by 118.18%, and the relative abundance of the beneficial Aspergillus genus decreased by 191.67%.

[0083] Test Example 2

[0084] During the planting process of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 (three parallel tests were conducted for each example, one greenhouse was used for one test group, and the area was 0.5 mu / group), the lily seedling rate, disease incidence, cut flower rate, AB grade flower classification, and per mu yield were all calculated by field investigation. After the seedlings emerged, the total number of seedlings was counted, the number of diseases during the planting process was observed and counted, and the plant height was measured and graded with a ruler, and finally data analysis was performed. The calculation method is as follows: Seedling rate = number of seedlings / total number of plantings × 100% Incidence rate = number of diseased plants / number of seedlings × 100% Cutting rate = number of flowers that can generate economic benefits / number of seedlings × 100% AB grade flower grading standards: Grade A flowers: plant height greater than 90 cm.

[0085] Grade B flowers: plant height less than 90 cm.

[0086] A (B) grade flower ratio: number of A (B) grade flowers / number of seedlings × 100% The experimental results are shown in Table 10: Table 10 Effects of different fertilization schemes on lily yield and quality

[0087] The present invention uses charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer to improve soil, and charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer as base fertilizer to continuously plant three generations of lily bulbs. The test results show that the lily emergence rate and incidence rate are 93.33% and 2.02% on average, respectively. The average per mu yield of cut lilies is 8265 branches, and the lily cut rate reaches 93.04%. Among them, the A-level flower rate is 59.15%, and the B-level flower rate is 33.89%. Compared with the method for continuously planting three generations of lily bulbs by using the new straw bio-fertilizer in comparative example 1, the emergence rate of the method for planting three generations of lily bulbs of the present invention increased by 29.90%, the incidence rate decreased by 86.80%, the yield increased by 33.28%, the lily cut rate increased by 36.84%, and the A-level flower rate increased by 94.70%.

[0088] The results show that after the three-generation lily bulbs were planted in the soil with the carbon-based straw biofertilizer of the present invention, the emergence rate increased significantly and the incidence rate decreased significantly, which can effectively solve the major planting technology problems of the low emergence rate and serious diseases of the three-generation lily bulbs planted in the soil, and the need to replace new bulbs. In addition, the price difference of lilies of different grades is large. After the three-generation lily bulbs were planted in the soil with the carbon-based straw biofertilizer of the present invention, the A-level flower rate increased significantly by 94.70%, and the average price was estimated to increase by 1 yuan per branch (5 yuan / branch). Based on this calculation, the per-mu output value can be 41,325.00 yuan. If the per-mu cost is converted to 9,000 yuan, the per-mu net income is not less than 32,325 yuan, and the economic benefits are significant.

[0089] The reason is that, first of all, based on high-throughput analysis, compared with the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) of the present invention, comprehensive test results show that the new straw bio-organic fertilizer has the functions of expanding beneficial bacteria such as Bacillus, inhibiting harmful Botrytis fungi, stimulating the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Archaea, Thermomyces, Aspergillus, and Microsporum, although it also has a certain inhibitory effect on beneficial Acremonium fungi, on the whole, it promotes the reproduction and proliferation of most beneficial bacteria, especially Bacillus with biocontrol functions and most beneficial fungi, which is beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases.

[0090] Compared with the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, the relative abundance of Nocardia bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer of the present invention is increased by 45525.01% compared with the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, and the relative abundance of Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer reaches 1.64% and 18.72% respectively, and the relative abundance of Staphylococcus bacteria with antibiotic degradation ability reaches 5.83%. Although the Bacillus bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer are reduced by 197.48% compared with the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, in general, the bacterial beneficial bacteria in the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer have a significant expansion and proliferation effect compared with the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, which is more beneficial for preventing and controlling soil-borne lily bacterial "leaf blight", which is the main reason why it has a more effective prevention and control effect on bacterial leaf blight than straw bio-fertilizer and more effective and significant improvement of lily yield and quality.

[0091] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving the yield and quality of continuously planted lilies, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Place the third-generation lily bulbs in an incubator, freeze them for storage, then perform vernalization treatment, and soak them in a comprehensive seed treatment solution before planting; (2) After deep plowing and drying the planting land, spread charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer as base fertilizer and dry it in the sun; The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is obtained by adding 18-22% of a new biochar soil conditioner to a new straw bio-organic fertilizer; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28-32 parts of tobacco foam, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5-5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.8-1.2 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; (3) Before planting the third-generation lily bulbs, spread carbon-based straw compound microbial fertilizer; (4) Dig trenches, plant seeds, cover the soil, make ridges, and water the soil to ensure that the seeds take root.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vernalization treatment in step (1) is carried out 1 to 2 months before planting, and the temperature of the vernalization treatment is 0 to 2°C; The comprehensive seed treatment solution is prepared by diluting 1000-2000 times of leuproprid·fludioxonil and purguthiamidazole·high chlorfluanid respectively, and then mixing them and adding imidacloprid. The volume mass ratio of the lepidol·fludioxonil, purgedhiamicin·high chlorfluanid and imidacloprid is 1-2L: 1-2L: 680-720g; The soaking time is 4 to 6 minutes.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deep plowing and sun drying time of step (2) is 5 to 6 months, with 4 to 6 deep plowings, and each deep plowing is separated by 25 to 30 days; The fertilization time of the charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer is April or May every year, the application amount is 1.5-2.5 tons / mu, the fertilization soil layer depth is 20-30 cm, and the drying time is 28-31 days; In step (3), the application amount of the carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer is 450-550 kg / mu, and the fertilization soil layer depth is 10-15 cm.

4. A charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer used in the method for improving the yield and quality of continuously cropped lilies according to any one of claims 1 to 3.

5. The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 4, characterized in that: The other organic wastes include one or more of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar; The novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 300-350 parts of water and 8-12 parts of localized functional bacterial agents.

6. The charcoal-based straw bio-organic fertilizer according to claim 5, characterized in that: The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared by base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 3.8-4.2: 0.9-1.1: 4.8-5.2; The total effective viable count of the localized functional bacterial agent is 40 to 50 billion / g.

7. The charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer used in the method for improving the yield and quality of continuously cropped lilies according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The charcoal-based straw composite microbial fertilizer is compounded by mixing the charcoal-based straw biological organic fertilizer and the lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10-12:0.9-1.

1.

8. The carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing charcoal-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2-2.1:3-3.

3.

9. The carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 8, characterized in that: The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580-620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90-110 parts of urea, 190-210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100-110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580-620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-340 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

10. The carbon-based straw composite microbial fertilizer according to claim 9, characterized in that: The ammonium sulfate has a nitrogen content of 20% to 21%; The N content of the urea is 45% to 46%; The nitrogen content of the ammonium chloride is 24% to 26%; The C content of the biochar is ≥ 60%; The content of P2O5 in the ordinary superphosphate is 12-16%; The content of K2O in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; The content of N in the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the content of P2O5 is 45-61%.

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