Method for improving yield and quality of lilies and soil conditioner used by same

Abstract

The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of lilies and a soil conditioner used by the method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The invention provides a method for improving the yield and quality of lilies, which comprises the following steps: (1) putting third-generation bulbs of lilies in an incubator, freezing and storing, then carrying out vernalization treatment, and soaking with a comprehensive seed treatment solution before seeding; (2) deeply turning and drying the planting land, spreading a novel charcoal soil conditioner as a base fertilizer, and drying in the sun; the novel biochar soil conditioner comprises biochar, water and a localized functional microbial agent, (3) before seeding, spreading a novel straw compound microorganism fertilizer; (4) ditching and seeding, covering soil, clearing moisture, ridging, and watering root fixing water. The method can control soil-borne diseases of the lily bulbs, meet diversified nutrient requirements of the lily, and ensure sufficient nutrient supply in the whole growth period of the lily, so that the growth of the lily is effectively promoted, and the yield and quality of the lily are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a method for improving the yield and quality of lilies and a soil conditioner used therein. Background Art

[0002] lily( Liliumspp. ) is a member of the Liliaceae family ( Liliaceae )Lilium( Lilium.L. ) is a general term for plants, which are a type of ornamental plants with important commercial value. They are mainly used for cut flowers, gardens and potted plants. Some species can also be eaten and used for medicinal purposes.

[0003] In actual production, the development of the lily industry faces serious problems such as degradation of lily germplasm resources, diseases and continuous cropping obstacles. There is a lack of effective measures to overcome continuous cropping obstacles, and the planting risks are high, which also seriously restricts the further development of the lily industry. In particular, lily bulbs are mainly bred and raised by growers themselves. The backward breeding method leads to a large accumulation of viruses and serious degradation of the seed source. The utilization rate of the third-generation lily bulbs by growers is extremely low, the emergence rate of the third-generation bulbs is low, and the diseases are serious. After the third year of planting, growers usually need to change to new land and new bulbs, which increases the planting costs of farmers. Therefore, providing a planting technology for repeated and efficient utilization of the third-generation bulb resources of cut lilies has important technical value and practical production technology significance for the development and consolidation of the cut lily industry.

[0004] Most of the existing biochar soil improvement products are straw biochar, and even biochar made from livestock and poultry manure, which generally have defects such as low carbon content, high salt content, and high ash content. In addition, they mainly use biochar itself to improve soil and fertilize, with low biological activity, poor adsorption, poor water and fertilizer retention, and relatively poor soil improvement effect. At the same time, large-scale use of straw or livestock and poultry manure carbonization also has major problems such as competing with livestock and poultry for feed and wasting industrial straw and fertilizer resources.

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention hopes to find a method that can systematically solve the above problems and improve the yield and quality of lilies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for improving soil conditions, controlling soil-borne diseases of lily bulbs, and improving lily yield and quality.

[0007] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: The present invention provides a method for improving lily yield and quality, comprising the following steps: (1) Place the third-generation lily bulbs in an incubator, freeze them for storage, then perform vernalization treatment, and soak them in a comprehensive seed treatment solution before planting; (2) After deep plowing and drying the planting land, spread the new biochar soil conditioner as base fertilizer and dry it in the sun; The novel biochar soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 300-350 parts of water and 10 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; (3) Before planting the third-generation lily bulbs, spread the new straw compound microbial fertilizer; (4) Dig trenches, plant seeds, cover the soil, make ridges, and water the soil to ensure that the seeds take root.

[0008] Preferably, the vernalization treatment in step (1) is carried out 1 to 2 months before planting, and the temperature of the vernalization treatment is 0 to 2°C; The comprehensive seed treatment solution is prepared by diluting 1000-2000 times of leuprocillin·fludioxonil and purgediamidia·high chlorofluocyanate, respectively, and then adding imidacloprid; the volume mass ratio of leuprocillin·fludioxonil, purgediamidia·high chlorofluocyanate and imidacloprid is 1-2L:1-2L:680-720g; The soaking time is 4 to 6 minutes.

[0009] Preferably, the deep plowing and sun drying time of step (2) is 5 to 6 months, with 4 to 6 deep plowings, and each deep plowing is separated by 25 to 30 days.

[0010] Preferably, the novel biochar soil conditioner in step (2) is spread in April or May each year, the application amount is 1-1.5 tons / mu, the fertilized soil layer depth is 20-30 cm, and the drying time is 28-31 days.

[0011] Preferably, the biochar is rubber charcoal, the particle size of the biochar is ≤4 mm, and the moisture content is ≤20%.

[0012] Preferably, the application amount of the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer in step (3) is 450-550 kg / mu, and the fertilized soil layer depth is 10-15 cm.

[0013] Preferably, the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer in step (3) is compounded by mixing novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10-12:0.9-1.1; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28-32 parts of smoked mushrooms, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5-5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.8-1.2 parts of the localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes include one or more of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium fulvic acid.

[0014] Preferably, the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2-2.1:3-3.3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580-620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90-110 parts of urea, 190-210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100-110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580-620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-340 parts of monoammonium phosphate; The ammonium sulfate has a nitrogen content of 20% to 21%; The N content of the urea is 45% to 46%; The nitrogen content of the ammonium chloride is 24% to 26%; The C content of the biochar is ≥ 60%; The content of K2O in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; The content of N in the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the content of P2O5 is 45-61%.

[0015] Preferably, the localized functional bacterial agent is prepared by mixing the base No. 1 microbial agent, the aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent and the polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a volume ratio of 3.8-4.2:0.9-1.1:4.8-5.2; The total effective viable bacteria count of the localized functional bacterial agent is 40 to 50 billion / g.

[0016] Beneficial Effects

[0017] The novel biochar soil conditioner provided by the present invention is prepared from charcoal (rubber wood) (biochar test report such as Figure 1 , 2 As shown in the figure), the new biochar soil conditioner has high carbon content, low salt content and strong adsorption capacity. The new biochar soil conditioner is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid which have strong water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties, and is compounded with microbial functional agents, which have high biological activity, strong water-retaining and fertilizer-retaining properties and good adsorption capacity, and the soil improvement, fertilization and disease suppression properties are greatly improved.

[0018] The present invention provides a solution for thoroughly improving soil microecology by long-term turning over and sun disinfection of the planting site of the third-generation lily bulbs, and a solution for completely improving soil microecology by using a new type of biochar soil improvement, combined with a technology for providing nutrients to lilies using a new type of straw-based composite microbial fertilizer, which caters to the main lateral growth characteristics of the lily root system, so that the roots of the lilies in the middle and late stages are distributed exactly in the distribution area of ​​the composite microbial fertilizer, which is beneficial to the supply of nutrients to the lilies in the middle and late stages, can establish an effective defense against pathogens by using the new biochar improvement of the lily bulb background, accurately fertilize the bulb root zone and colonize more beneficial microorganisms, and construct a tighter biodefense circle in the root zone of the bulbs, which is more beneficial to controlling soil-borne diseases of the lily bulbs, meets the diversified nutrient needs of the lily, and ensures sufficient nutrient supply for the lily throughout its growth period, thereby effectively promoting the growth of the lily and improving the yield and quality of the lily. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 Be the first page of the rubber charcoal test report for the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 Be the rubber charcoal test report page 2 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In the present invention, the base No. 1 microbial agent is a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center, wherein the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus velez YWF-17-0003 is 300 billion / mL, the effective live bacteria count of Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2072 is 300 billion / mL, and the effective live bacteria count of Trichoderma WSWFJ-17 is 80 billion / mL, and the ratio of the three bacteria is 2:2:1.

[0022] The polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent is a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center. Among them, the effective live counts of Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 are 100 billion / g, Bacillus subtilis YWS-20-2071 are 100 billion / g and Bacillus WSWFJ41 are 100 billion / g. The ratio of the three bacteria is 1:2:1, and the finished product contains 200 kg / ton of the compound bacterial agent.

[0023] GABA-containing microbial agent, a commercially available product of Yunnan Microbial Fermentation Engineering Research Center. It contains 2 billion / g of Bacillus licheniformis WSWFJ40 and 2 billion / g of effective live bacteria of Bacillus subtilis WSWFJ44, with the ratio of the two bacteria being 1:1. The finished product contains 150 kg / ton of the compound agent. The content of gamma-aminobutyric acid is 0.5%, and the content of glutathione is 0.1%.

[0024] The tobacco potassium in this application is the substance after the tobacco rod is burned.

[0025] The cut lily variety tested in the embodiment of the present invention is Palazzo, which is native to the Netherlands, moderately light-loving, slightly shade-tolerant, moderately warm-loving, with deep pink flowers, wavy sepal edges and curled tips, and strong disease resistance. This test uses three generations of lily bulbs that have been harvested for three consecutive crops (planting time up to 3 years).

[0026] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0027] Example 1 A novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 650 parts of biochar, 350 parts of water and 8 parts of localized functional bacteria.

[0028] The biochar is rubber charcoal, the screening particle size is 4mm, and the finished product moisture content is 20%.

[0029] The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4:1:5 (volume ratio) and is ready for use.

[0030] Example 2 A novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 700 parts of biochar, 300 parts of water and 12 parts of localized functional bacteria.

[0031] The biochar is rubber charcoal, the screening particle size is 4mm, and the finished product moisture content is 20%.

[0032] The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4:1:5 (volume ratio) and is ready for use.

[0033] Example 3 A novel biochar soil conditioner is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 650 parts of biochar, 300 parts of water and 10 parts of localized functional bacteria.

[0034] The biochar is rubber charcoal, the screening particle size is 4mm, and the finished product moisture content is 20%.

[0035] The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4:1:5 (volume ratio) and is ready for use.

[0036] Example 4 A new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is compounded by a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer and lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10:0.9; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28 parts of tobacco foam, 28 parts of humic acid, 11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.9 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4.2:0.9:5.2 (volume ratio) and is ready for immediate use.

[0037] The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:3.3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580 parts of ammonium sulfate, 110 parts of urea, 190 parts of ammonium chloride and 110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0038] Example 5 A new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is compounded by a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer and lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 12:1.1; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 32 parts of tobacco foam, 32 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of other organic wastes, 5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 1.1 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 3.8:1.1:4.8 (volume ratio) and is ready for use.

[0039] The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2.1:3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90 parts of urea, 210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580 parts of potassium sulfate and 340 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0040] Example 6 A new type of straw composite microbial fertilizer, which is compounded by a new type of straw bio-organic fertilizer and a lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 11.5:1; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 30 parts of tobacco foam, 30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of other organic wastes, 5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 1 part of localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes are composed of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium tartar in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4; The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared from commercially available Base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent, and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a ratio of 4:1:5 (volume ratio) and is ready for use.

[0041] The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2:3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 600 parts of ammonium sulfate, 100 parts of urea, 220 parts of ammonium chloride and 100 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 80 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 600 parts of potassium sulfate and 320 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

[0042] Description and sources of fertilizers used in Examples 4 to 6 Table 1 Source and description of raw materials of new straw bio-organic fertilizer

[0043] The preparation method of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer: (1) Mix chrysanthemum wither, tobacco foam, humic acid, other organic wastes and organic material composting agent in the above proportions, stir and ferment. After 7 days of fermentation, when the temperature rises and remains constant at 65°C, turn the compost for the first time. Then turn the compost once every 7 days, for a total of 5 times. Each time the compost is turned, the fermentation temperature drops by 5°C. After 35 days of fermentation, the compost is turned; (2) After the compost is turned, the compost is aged in an aging bin at 40°C for 25 days, and the fermentation is completed to obtain the fermented material; (3) The fermented material is crushed and sieved to 4 mm, and localized functional bacterial agent is added and mixed to obtain the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer.

[0044] Table 2 Source and description of raw materials of carbon-based long-term nitrogen fertilizer

[0045] Table 3 Source and description of raw materials for high phosphorus and high potassium blended fertilizers

[0046] Lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is made of carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium mixed fertilizer. The finished product N-P2O5-K2O is 10-9-18.

[0047] Example 7 The test site of this embodiment is an old field where cut lilies have been planted for up to 3 years, located in the Fanjiaxintun lily planting base in Tongquan Street, Qujing City, 0.5 mu / embodiment. The test time starts from October 2022.

[0048] (1) At the end of October, dig out the third-generation bulbs. Select the third-generation bulbs with a circumference of 16-22 cm from the dug out third-generation bulbs. Select the third-generation bulbs that are free of pests and diseases, mechanical damage, strong bulbs, smooth surface, and symmetrical fruit shape. Wash and air-dry the selected bulbs, place them in a foam insulation box with high-temperature sterilized medium (peat soil, 50% water content), and place them in layers. Each layer is filled with high-temperature sterilized medium, and the filling thickness of each layer is 4 cm; Put the packed bulbs into the freezer and freeze them at -2℃. Adjust the temperature to 2℃ for vernalization 2 months before planting. Before planting, prepare a comprehensive seed treatment solution with coating, sterilization and insecticide effects on the bulbs, then soak the test seeds and frames for 5 minutes, then remove the frames from the water and dry them naturally for later use; The comprehensive seed treatment solution is prepared by diluting 1L of leuprorelin·fludioxonil and 1L of purguthiamidazole·high chlorofluroxine by 1000 times, respectively, and then adding 700g of imidacloprid to obtain the solution. (2) In mid-November, the residues from the previous continuous crop of lilies were cleaned up and the plastic sheeting on the steel frame of the greenhouse was removed. The first rotary tillage and deep plowing (40 cm) was completed. From then on until mid-March, rotary tillage and deep plowing were performed once a month for a total of five times. The deep plowing and field drying lasted for up to five months.

[0049] After deep plowing and drying of the test field, the new biochar soil conditioner described in Example 3 was spread (basic fertilizer was applied in late April, 1.5 tons / mu), and the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly. The fertilized soil layer was 25 cm deep and naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheets in a greenhouse.

[0050] (3) In late May, the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer described in Example 6 (500 kg / mu) was applied to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0051] (4) Dig trenches and plant: dig one wide trench on each side, and dig two small trenches in one wide trench. The wide trench is 30 cm deep and 70 cm wide. The small trench is 10 cm deep and 30 cm wide, and the spacing between small trenches is 10 cm. When placing bulbs, place the buds upwards, and place 2 rows of bulbs in one small trench, with a row spacing of 20×20 cm.

[0052] Cover the soil, level the soil and form ridges: backfill the soil on both sides of the wide planting ditch, cover the bulbs with soil and form ridges and planting ditch. After leveling the ditch, standardized ridges are finally formed with a ridge width of 40 cm, a ridge height of 40 cm and a ridge width of 100 cm.

[0053] Watering for rooting: Install a drip irrigation device, with 4 rows in one ridge and 1 drip tube in each row. The amount of water used for the first rooting is about 1 ton / mu.

[0054] Subsequent normal field management is recorded as shown in the following table: Table 4 Field management

[0055] Comparative Example 1 Different from Example 7, in step (2) of this Example, after deep plowing and sun drying of the test field, the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer used in Example 6 was spread (2 tons / mu of base fertilizer was applied in late April), the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly, the fertilized soil layer depth was 25 cm, and the soil was naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheeting in a greenhouse.

[0056] (3) In late May, the novel straw-based composite microbial fertilizer of Example 6 (500 kg / mu) was applied to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0057] Comparative Example 2 A biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), which is composed of 25 parts of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material products, 23.75 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 36.25 parts of smoke foam, 11.25 parts of humic acid, 3.75 parts of other organic wastes, 5 parts of organic material composting agents, and 1 part of localized functional bacterial agents.

[0058] Other organic wastes consist of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium fulvic acid in a mass ratio of 3:3:6:4:4.

[0059] The preparation method of the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material product: ① Add 5 times water to fresh livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) (water content 70%) and stir evenly, then transport it to the anaerobic fermentation tank through a feed pump for natural anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to complete the natural anaerobic fermentation process of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure).

[0060] ② The livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) that has been anaerobic fermented is subjected to simple extraction and solid-liquid separation to obtain livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) biogas residue. The livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) biogas residue is naturally spread, piled, and air-dried for aerobic fermentation for 30 days, and the moisture content is controlled to ≤30%, to obtain the primary product of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer that has been naturally fermented anaerobically and aerobically.

[0061] ③ The primary product of livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer is crushed to obtain the livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) organic fertilizer raw material product used in the present invention.

[0062] The preparation method of the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) is the same as the preparation method of the novel straw bio-organic fertilizer described above.

[0063] Comparative Example 3 A composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement), wherein the lily carbon-based formula fertilizer used in Example 9 of the present invention is added to the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry excrement (duck excrement) described in Comparative Example 2 at a ratio of 11.5:1.

[0064] Comparative Example 4 The test site of this embodiment is located at the Fanjiaxintun lily planting base in Tongquan Street, Qujing City, 0.5 mu / embodiment. The test time starts from October 2022.

[0065] Different from Example 7, in step (2) of this example, after deep plowing and drying of the test field, the bio-organic fertilizer base fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) of Comparative Example 2 was spread (base fertilizer was applied in late April, 2 tons / mu), and the soil was rotary tilled and mixed evenly. The fertilized soil layer was 25 cm deep and naturally dried for 30 days without the shelter of plastic sheeting in a greenhouse to complete the bio-organic fertilizer soil improvement operation.

[0066] (3) In late May, evenly spread the duck manure compound microbial fertilizer (500 kg / mu) of Example 3 to a soil depth of 15 cm.

[0067] Test Example 1 The nutrient index, heavy metal index, microbial quantity, and high-throughput sequencing index of the fertilizer used in the planting process of Example 10 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 were tested.

[0068] 1. Nutrient indicators Table 5 Nutrient indexes of different biological fertilizers

[0069] As can be seen from Table 5, the novel biochar soil conditioner prepared by the present invention attaches importance to "salt" control from various aspects such as raw material ratio and process flow. The total nutrient content of the novel biochar soil conditioner is 1.98%, which is a typical low-salt biochar soil conditioner. It can minimize the inhibitory effect of salt on functional microorganisms. At the same time, the pH of the fertilizer is alkaline, which is beneficial to the improvement and repair of acidified soil.

[0070] The total nutrient content of the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer in the present invention is 10.29%, and the total nutrient content of the composite microorganisms containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) is 10.36%, both of which have the distinctive characteristics of typical composite microbial fertilizers with low salt, nitrogen control, phosphorus promotion and potassium increase. The application of technology can coordinate and improve the current situation of the general biased application of nitrogen fertilizers and the uncoordinated supply of soil nutrients in the production of hundreds of crops.

[0071] In addition, the application of long-acting carbon-based nitrogen fertilizer technology in composite microbial fertilizer can enhance its adsorption capacity for active nitrogen, especially nitrate nitrogen, and effectively inhibit the loss of nitrogen nutrients; low-proportion chemical fertilizers and powdered high-phosphorus and high-potassium blending are conducive to the fertilizer phosphorus and potassium nutrients being wrapped and activated by organic matter containing active biological bacteria. Applying them to the soil is conducive to avoiding direct contact between phosphorus and potassium nutrients and clay particles, and can effectively reduce the adsorption and fixation effect of clay colloids on phosphorus and potassium nutrients, which is conducive to the fertilizer functional microorganisms to fully exert the effect of activating phosphorus and potassium. Using them on lilies can promote the absorption of nutrients by crops. The present invention is compounded with aminobutyric acid and polyglutamic acid, which have the performance of water retention, fertilizer retention, efficiency promotion, and crop growth stimulation, so that the composite microbial fertilizer used can be more fully exerted, with a distinct "low fertilizer and high efficiency" feature, and the dual reduction effect of medicine and fertilizer is prominent, and it should have significant weight loss, quality improvement, and synergistic effects.

[0072] 2. Heavy metal indicators Table 6 Heavy metal indicators of different biofertilizers

[0073] According to the test results (Table 6), the heavy metal contents of the new straw bio-organic fertilizer, straw composite microbial fertilizer, bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), composite microbial fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), new biochar soil conditioner and other biofertilizers of the present invention are much lower than the NYT525-2021 and NYT798-2015 standards. The application of this technology can effectively reduce the environmental risk of heavy metal pollution.

[0074] 3. Microbial Quantity Table 7 Number of microorganisms in different biofertilizers

[0075] As can be seen from Table 7, the soil improvement analysis and test results of the new biochar of the present invention show that the number of effective live bacteria, line-defense bacteria, and fungi reached tens of billions, hundreds of millions, and tens of millions, respectively, far exceeding the NYT525-2021 standard.

[0076] 4. High-throughput sequencing indicators Table 8 Bacterial genus level

[0077] Table 9 Fungal genus level

[0078] Based on the high-throughput sequencing results, at the bacterial genus level (Table 8), the fertilizer bacterial community was mainly composed of Nocardia ( Nocardiopsis ), Saccharopolyspora ( Saccharopolyspora ), Paracoccus ( Paracoccus ) and Bacillus ( Bacillaceae ). According to the test results, the relative abundance of Nocardia in the new biochar soil conditioner was 3305.78% lower than that in the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), and the abundance of Bacillus was 23066.70% lower than that in the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure). The results showed that biochar did inhibit the proliferation of Nocardia and Bacillus. In addition, Saccharopolyspora has a nitrogen fixation effect, and Paracoccus is an aerobic denitrifying bacterium that plays an important role in the reduction of nitrate nitrogen. The test showed that the new biochar soil conditioner contained Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus, with relative abundances of 0.02% and 0.87%, respectively, which was significantly different from the fact that Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus were not detected in the bio-organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure).

[0079] Based on the high-throughput sequencing results (Table 9), at the fungal genus level, the fertilizer bacterial community was dominated by the genus Botrytis cinerea ( Botryotrichum ), Archaea ( Archaeorhizomyces ), Thermophilic fungi ( Thermomyces ), Microcystis ( Microascus )、Aspergillus spp. Aspergillus ) and Acremonium ( Acremonium ). The genus Botrytis can cause soil-borne diseases. From the test results, the relative abundance of the genus Botrytis in the novel biochar soil conditioner of the present invention is 99.74% higher than that in the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure). While inhibiting the proliferation of beneficial bacteria such as Nocardia and Bacillus, it simultaneously promotes the proliferation of harmful fungi Botrytis. However, the novel biochar soil conditioner of the present invention has Archaea with good antibacterial activity, Thermomyces with beneficial bacteria, Aspergillus with anti-bacterial activity, and Acremonium that can inhibit pathogenic fungi Fusarium. The abundance distribution is 199.87%, 9362.17%, 18070.57%, and 161.54% higher than that in the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), respectively. At the same time, the genus Microcystis with potential biocontrol ability was detected, and the relative abundance reached 0.78%. Based on the comprehensive test results, the new biochar soil improvement of the present invention does reduce the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, especially bacteria such as Nocardia and Bacillus, but stimulates the abundance of Archarrhiza, beneficial bacteria such as Thermomyces, Aspergillus with anti-bacterial activity, Acremonium that can inhibit the pathogenic fungus Fusarium, and the proliferation of Microsporum with biocontrol function, which is generally beneficial for the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases.

[0080] Test Example 2 During the planting process of Example 7 and Comparative Examples 1 and 4 (three groups of parallel tests were conducted for each example, one group of tests was conducted in one greenhouse with an area of ​​0.5 mu / group), the lily seedling rate, disease incidence, cut flower rate, AB grade flower grading, and per mu yield were all determined by field investigation. After the seedlings emerged, the total number of seedlings was counted, the number of diseases during the planting process was observed and counted, the plant height was measured with a ruler for grading, and finally data analysis was performed.

[0081] The calculation method is as follows: Seedling rate = number of seedlings / total number of plantings × 100% Incidence rate = number of diseased plants / number of seedlings × 100% Cutting rate = number of flowers that can generate economic benefits / number of seedlings × 100% AB grade flower grading standards: Grade A flowers: plant height greater than 90 cm.

[0082] Grade B flowers: plant height less than 90 cm.

[0083] A (B) grade flower ratio: number of A (B) grade flowers / number of seedlings × 100% The experimental results are shown in Table 10: Table 10 Effects of different fertilization schemes on lily yield and quality

[0084] As can be seen from the above table, the present invention uses a new biochar soil conditioner as a base fertilizer to improve the soil, and a new straw composite microbial fertilizer as a base fertilizer to plant three generations of lily bulbs. The average lily emergence rate and incidence rate are 88.10% and 2.29% respectively, with an average per mu yield of 8241 cut lilies, and a lily cut rate of 87.69%. Among them, the A-level flower rate is 51.08%, and the B-level flower rate is 36.62%. Compared with the method of planting three generations of lily bulbs in soil improvement and continuous cropping with straw biofertilizer mentioned in the present invention, the emergence rate of this scheme increased by 22.60%, the incidence rate decreased by 85.03%, the yield increased by 32.89%, the lily cut rate increased by 28.97%, and the A-level flower rate increased by 68.14%.

[0085] The results showed that the method of using the novel biochar soil conditioner of the present invention to improve the soil and continuously plant the third-generation lily bulbs significantly increased the germination rate and significantly reduced the disease incidence rate, which can effectively solve the major planting technical problems of low germination rate and serious diseases of the third-generation lily bulbs planted continuously, and the need to replace new bulbs.

[0086] In addition, the prices of lilies of different grades vary greatly. The third-generation lily bulb planting method of the present invention, which uses a new biochar soil conditioner to improve the soil and plant it again, greatly improves the A-grade flower rate, and the average price is estimated to increase by 1 yuan per branch (5 yuan per branch). Based on this calculation, the per-acre output value can be 41,205.00 yuan. If the per-acre cost increases by no more than 10,000 yuan, the per-acre net income is no less than 31,205 yuan, which can reach the level of "one acre of flowers, twenty acres of grain", and the economic benefits are significant.

[0087] The reason is that, first of all, based on high-throughput analysis, compared with biological organic fertilizers containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure), the new biochar soil improvement of the present invention does reduce the abundance of some beneficial bacteria, especially bacteria such as Nocardia and Bacillus, but stimulates the abundance of Archaea with biocontrol function, beneficial bacteria such as Thermomyces, Aspergillus with anti-bacterial wilt activity, Acremonium that can inhibit the pathogenic fungus Fusarium, and the expansion and proliferation of Microsporum with biocontrol function, which is generally beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases. Compared with straw bio-organic fertilizer, the relative abundance of beneficial Nocardia in the new biochar soil conditioner increased by 2925.00%, the relative abundance of beneficial Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus reached 0.02% and 0.87% respectively, the relative abundance of Bacillus decreased by 137533.52%, the harmful Botrytis increased by 99.97%, the antibacterial Archarrhiza decreased by 186287.72%, the relative abundance of beneficial thermophilic fungi increased by 809.62%, the potential biocontrol function of Microstomium increased by 2729.17%, the antagonistic fungus Aspergillus that can effectively inhibit bacterial wilt increased by 8725.72%, and the relative abundance of Acremonium that can inhibit the pathogenic fungus Fusarium increased by 750.57%.

[0088] The results showed that the new biochar soil conditioner significantly inhibited the abundance of beneficial Bacillus bacteria and Archaea fungi, but increased the abundance of harmful Botrytis cinerea, and greatly stimulated the expansion and proliferation of beneficial Nocardia, Saccharopolyspora and Paracoccus bacteria, Thermomyces, Microspores, Aspergillus and Acremonium fungi, so it is generally beneficial to the prevention and control of soil-borne diseases, especially fungal diseases.

[0089] Secondly, the present invention provides a solution for long-term sunlight disinfection of the planting site of the third-generation lily bulbs, a new biochar soil improvement solution to thoroughly improve the soil microecology, and a technology for providing nutrients for lilies with a new straw-composite microbial fertilizer, which can achieve effective defense of the lily bulbs against pathogens with the new biochar improvement, as well as precise fertilizer supply and colonization of beneficial microorganisms in the root zone of the bulbs, and build a tighter biological control circle in the root zone of the bulbs, which is more beneficial to controlling soil-borne diseases of lily bulbs and meeting the diversified nutrient needs of lilies. Of course, due to the serious problem of continuous cropping obstacles in the continuous planting of the third-generation lily bulbs in the old land, the biological control function of the biological organic fertilizer containing livestock and poultry manure (duck manure) and the new straw biological fertilizer is far inferior to the biological control function of the new biochar soil conditioner, and the experimental effect is relatively poor.

[0090] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for improving lily yield and quality, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: (1) Place the third-generation lily bulbs in an incubator, freeze them for storage, then perform vernalization treatment, and soak them in a comprehensive seed treatment solution before planting; (2) After deep plowing and drying the planting land, spread the new biochar soil conditioner as base fertilizer and dry it in the sun; The novel biochar soil conditioner comprises the following raw materials by weight: 650-700 parts of biochar, 300-350 parts of water and 8-12 parts of localized functional bacterial agent; (3) Before planting the third-generation lily bulbs, spread the new straw compound microbial fertilizer; (4) Dig trenches, plant seeds, cover the soil, make ridges, and water the soil to ensure that the seeds take root.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vernalization treatment in step (1) is carried out 1 to 2 months before planting, and the temperature of the vernalization treatment is 0 to 2°C; The comprehensive seed treatment solution is prepared by diluting 1000-2000 times of leuprocillin·fludioxonil and purgediamidia·high chlorofluocyanate, respectively, and then adding imidacloprid; the volume mass ratio of leuprocillin·fludioxonil, purgediamidia·high chlorofluocyanate and imidacloprid is 1-2L:1-2L:680-720g; The soaking time is 4 to 6 minutes.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The deep plowing and sun drying time of step (2) is 5 to 6 months, with 4 to 6 deep plowings, each of which is 25 to 30 days apart.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The new biochar soil conditioner in step (2) is spread in April or May every year, with an application rate of 1 to 1.5 tons per mu, a fertilized soil layer depth of 20 to 30 cm, and an air-drying time of 28 to 31 days.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The biochar is rubber charcoal, the particle size of the biochar is ≤4mm, and the moisture content is ≤20%.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The application amount of the novel straw composite microbial fertilizer in step (3) is 450-550 kg / mu, and the fertilization soil layer depth is 10-15 cm.

7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that The novel straw composite microbial fertilizer in step (3) is prepared by compounding novel straw bio-organic fertilizer and lily charcoal-based formula fertilizer in a mass ratio of 10-12:0.9-1.1; The novel straw bio-organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 28-32 parts of chrysanthemum wither, 28-32 parts of smoked mushrooms, 28-32 parts of humic acid, 9-11 parts of other organic wastes, 4.5-5.5 parts of organic material decomposition agent and 0.8-1.2 parts of the localized functional bacterial agent; The other organic wastes include one or more of distiller's grains, fish protein, rapeseed oil cake, potassium humate and potassium fulvic acid.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lily carbon-based formula fertilizer is prepared by mixing carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer and high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer in a mass ratio of 2-2.1:3-3.3; The carbon-based long-acting nitrogen fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 580-620 parts of ammonium sulfate, 90-110 parts of urea, 190-210 parts of ammonium chloride and 100-110 parts of biochar; The high-phosphorus and high-potassium blended fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 75-85 parts of ordinary superphosphate, 580-620 parts of potassium sulfate and 300-340 parts of monoammonium phosphate; The ammonium sulfate has a nitrogen content of 20% to 21%; The N content of the urea is 45% to 46%; The nitrogen content of the ammonium chloride is 24% to 26%; The C content of the biochar is ≥ 60%; The content of K2O in the potassium sulfate is 50-52%; The content of N in the monoammonium phosphate is 10-12%, and the content of P2O5 is 45-61%.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The localized functional bacterial agent is prepared by mixing base No. 1 microbial agent, aminobutyric acid-containing microbial agent and polyglutamic acid-containing microbial agent in a volume ratio of 3.8-4.2:0.9-1.1:4.8-5.2; The total effective viable bacteria count of the localized functional bacterial agent is 40 to 50 billion / g.

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