Apple branching factor and its preparation method and application

Abstract

The invention discloses an apple branching factor and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the field of agricultural technology. The branching factor prepared by the invention with cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin as active components can effectively adjust the number of branches of fruit trees and adjust the shape of fruit trees. At the same time, the invention adopts the response surface optimization method to design the optimal ratio of each active component in the apple branching factor. The preparation method of the invention is simple, highly operable, has practical significance for industrial production, and can achieve the dual goals of economy and efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and in particular relates to an apple branching factor and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Branching hormone is a tree shaping agent that has significant effects in positioning branches of fruit trees, reducing bare nodes, increasing branches, cultivating fruiting branches, early fruiting, and increasing yields. The rational application of branching hormone can effectively break the dormancy of dormant buds, accelerate cell division, and accelerate branching.

[0003] The apple dwarf rootstock dense planting cultivation mode is currently the main cultivation method for apples in my country. At present, the single-stem seedlings used in domestic orchard construction generally have problems such as difficulty in branching and shaping after planting. Although the short pruning, pinching and bud carving commonly used in production have obvious effects, they are complicated to operate, time-consuming and labor-intensive, and have high labor costs. The rational use of branching hormone can effectively promote the branching of fruit trees and enhance the ability of the central stem to produce branches.

[0004] In the prior art, most of the research on fruit tree branching is focused on the use of conventional hormones such as plant growth regulators combined with artificial technology to promote fruit tree branching, and related research mostly stays on the use of conventional hormones, and the mixing method of branching agents often stays on a one-to-one mixing, etc. Among them, improper use of hormones can easily cause pesticide damage and agricultural products grow fast but have low yield and quality, and unreasonable ratios of branching agents. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new branching factors, and to study the reasonable ratio of new tree shaping agents that promote rapid shaping of newly planted saplings and promote branching, so as to increase the effect of fruit tree branching. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide an apple branching factor and its preparation method and application, which can be used before spring budding and in the summer growing season, and can effectively regulate the number of branches of fruit trees and adjust the shape of fruit trees.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides an apple branching hormone, wherein the apple branching hormone is composed of cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin as active ingredients;

[0008] The concentration of cyclopropionic acid amide in the apple branch hormone is 15-45ppm, and the concentration of cytokinin is 0.5-1.5g·L -1 , Promalin concentration is 36-60 mg·L -1 .

[0009] Preferably, the concentration of cyclopropionamide in the apple branch hormone is 28 ppm and the concentration of cytokinin is 1.21 g·L -1 , the concentration of promalin was 46.5 mg·L -1 .

[0010] Preferably, the optimal ratio of each active ingredient in the apple branching factor can be determined by the response surface optimization design method.

[0011] The method for response surface optimization design comprises the following steps:

[0012] (1) The cytokinin solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promalin solution obtained by dissolving cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin in anhydrous ethanol were used as the main variables to conduct a single factor experiment on the branch length and branch angle of fruit trees;

[0013] (2) Based on the results of the single-factor experiment, a quadratic multivariate regression model equation was established, and the response surface plot of the regression equation was obtained to determine the optimal ratio of the active ingredients in apple branching hormone.

[0014] The quadratic multiple regression model equation in step (2) is:

[0015] Y1=-28.647+0.313*A+60.49*B+1.496*C-0.330*A*B+0.006*A*C+0.036*B*C-0.008*A 2 -38.909*B 2 -0.021*C 2 ;

[0016] Y2=22.867+2.075*A+9.103*B+0.649*C-0.131*A*B-0.002*A*C+0.499*B*C-0.051*A 2 -20.218*B 2 -0.012*C 2 .

[0017] Wherein Y1 is the length of apple branch, Y2 is the branching angle, A is the concentration of cyclopropanecarboxamide solution, B is the concentration of cytokinin solution, and C is the concentration of promalin solution.

[0018] The quadratic multiple regression model equation was established by using Design expert 10.0 software to perform experimental design according to the Box-Behnken design principle, with the concentrations of cyclopropionic acid amide A, cytokinin B and promalin C as independent variables and the apple branch length Y1 and branch angle Y2 as response values.

[0019] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned apple branching factor, comprising the following steps:

[0020] Dissolve cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promaline in anhydrous ethanol respectively to prepare cytokinin solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promaline solution, and mix the three solutions evenly to obtain apple branching factor.

[0021] The third aspect of the present invention provides an application of the apple branching hormone, wherein the application is to adjust the number of branches of a fruit tree or the shape of a fruit tree.

[0022] The regulation of the number of fruit tree branches is specifically manifested in the technical effect of increasing the number of fruit tree branches.

[0023] The method of adjusting the number of branches of the fruit trees is achieved by applying apple branching hormone to the branches of the fruit trees before the flower buds of the fruit trees germinate.

[0024] Preferably, the apple branching hormone can also be applied to the axillary buds of the branches of fruit trees when the flower buds of the fruit trees just turn green.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0026] The present invention uses cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin as active components to prepare the branching factor, which can effectively regulate the number of branches of fruit trees and adjust the shape of fruit trees. At the same time, the present invention adopts the response surface optimization method to design the optimal ratio of the active components in the branching factor. Compared with the traditional orthogonal method, the method of designing the branching factor according to the response surface optimization method overcomes the shortcomings of a large number of single-factor experiments, a long cycle, a large workload, etc., and considers the interaction between multiple factors at the same time, and can obtain the optimization result under a small number of experiments. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, highly operable, has the practical significance of industrial production, and can achieve the dual goals of economy and efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 This is the line graph of the single-factor experiment on the effects of cytokinin, cyclopropanecarboxamide and promalin on apple branch length and branching angle.

[0028] Figure 2 This is the response surface plot of the effects of a mixture of cytokinin, cyclopropanecarboxamide and promalin on apple branch length and branching angle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are illustrative and are intended to provide further explanation of the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0030] The following detailed description is for illustrative purposes only and is intended to provide further explanation of the present application, rather than to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0031] Embodiment 1: Response surface optimization method designs the best ratio of hair growth factor

[0032] The experimental design was carried out using Design expert 10.0 software according to the Box-Behnken design principle. Cytokinin (6-BA), cyclopropanecarboxamide and promaline were used as independent variables, and apple branch length Y1 and branching angle Y2 were used as response values. The response surface diagram of the regression equation was obtained to determine the optimal ratio process of branching factor, which included the following steps:

[0033] (1) Dissolve cytokinin, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin in anhydrous ethanol respectively, stir evenly to obtain cytokinin solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promalin solution for standby use;

[0034] (2) Single factor test: dilute the cytokinin solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promalin solution obtained in step (1) with water, wherein the cytokinin is 0.1-2 g·L -1 , cyclopropane 10-50 ppm, promaline 60-90 mg·L -1 , using the diluted cytokinin solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution, and promalin solution as the main variables, each solution was applied to one-year-old apple trees before flower bud differentiation until it was completely uniform, and then a single factor experiment was conducted, and the angle and length of the apple branches were recorded. The specific experimental results are shown in Figure 1 .

[0035] (3) Response surface optimization method: Based on the results of the single factor experiment, the optimal concentration range of cytokinin solution (0.5-1.5 g·L -1 ), cyproconazole solution (15-45 ppm), prumalin solution (36-60 mg·L -1 ) as influencing factors (Table 1), the experimental design was carried out according to the Box-Behnken design principle, and the apple branch length Y1 and branch angle Y2 were used as response values ​​to establish the quadratic multiple regression model equation:

[0036] Y1=-28.647+0.313*A+60.49*B+1.496*C-0.330*A*B+0.006*A*C+0.036*B*C-0.008*A 2 -38.909*B 2 -0.021*C 2 ;

[0037] Y2=22.867+2.075*A+9.103*B+0.649*C-0.131*A*B-0.002*A*C+0.499*B*C-0.051*A 2 -20.218*B 2 -0.012*C 2 .

[0038] The experimental results are shown in Table 2, and the response surface experimental design variance analysis is shown in Table 3.

[0039] Table 1 Experimental factors and level settings

[0040]

[0041] Table 2 Experimental design and results

[0042]

[0043] Table 3 Response surface quadratic model variance analysis

[0044]

[0045] The model is significant, and its lack of fit term is not significant, indicating that the model is reliable. P <0.05, where the cytokinin model P <0.001 indicates that this factor has a significant effect on the increase in apple branch length, and the interaction between AB also shows a significant correlation.

[0046] Design expert 10.0 software was used to draw and analyze the relationship between independent variables and response values ​​according to the quadratic multiple regression model equation, and the response surface diagram of the regression equation was obtained. Figure 1 and Figure 2 They are the relationships between the factors in the response surface. Figure 1 It can be seen that the length of apple branches first increases and then decreases with the increase of cytokinin concentration. Figure 2 It can be seen that the branching angle of apple branches first increases and then decreases with the increase of cyclopropanecarboxamide concentration. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The optimal ratio of the branching factor was determined (Table 4).

[0047] Table 4: Model optimization process

[0048]

[0049] Table 4 shows the optimal ratio of apple branching hormone obtained by response surface analysis, as well as the predicted and experimental values ​​of apple branch length and branch angle under this condition. The optimized ratio of apple branching hormone is 28.0 ppm cyclopropaneamide concentration, 1.2 g·L -1 Cytokinin and promaline application multiples 46.5 mg·L -1 The branch length and branch angle of the branching factor configured at the optimal ratio were 25.67 cm and 69.33°, which were close to the predicted values.

[0050] Example 2: Configuration of hair growth factor

[0051] Cytokinin, cyclopropanecarboxamide and promaline were dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a solution of 1.21 g·L -1 Cytokinin solution, 28.00 ppm Cyclopropionic acid amide solution, 46.5 mg·L -1 The three solutions were mixed evenly to obtain the branching factor.

[0052] Comparative Example 1: Configuration of hair growth factor

[0053] Dissolve cytokinin in anhydrous ethanol to obtain 1.21 g·L -1 The cytokinin solution contains the branching hormone as the active ingredient.

[0054] Comparative Example 2: Configuration of hair growth factor

[0055] The cyclopropionic acid amide is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to obtain a hair growth factor with a 28.00 ppm cyclopropionic acid amide solution as an active component.

[0056] Comparative Example 3: Configuration of hair growth factor

[0057] Promaline was dissolved in anhydrous ethanol to obtain 46.5 mg·L -1 The prumalin solution has hair growth hormone as the active ingredient.

[0058] Test Example 1: Effects of different branching factors on the number of buds and branches of fruit trees

[0059] 50 one-year-old Yanfu 10 apple grafted seedlings of similar size and growth were selected and evenly divided into five groups, namely, Example 2 group, Comparative Example 1 group, Comparative Example 2 group, Comparative Example 3 group and control group. Among them, Example 2 group was evenly smeared with 50 ml of the branching agent prepared in Example 2 before the flower buds of the fruit trees, Comparative Example 1 group was evenly smeared with 50 ml of the branching agent prepared in Comparative Example 1 before the flower buds of the fruit trees were evenly smeared until completely evenly smeared, Comparative Example 2 group was evenly smeared with 50 ml of the branching agent prepared in Comparative Example 2 before the flower buds of the fruit trees were evenly smeared until completely evenly smeared, Comparative Example 3 group was evenly smeared with 50 ml of the branching agent prepared in Comparative Example 3 before the flower buds of the fruit trees were evenly smeared until completely evenly smeared, and the control group was evenly smeared with 50 ml of clean water before the flower buds of the fruit trees were evenly smeared until completely evenly smeared. Two weeks after the branching agent was applied, the number of germinations of each treated seedling was counted, and the test results are shown in Table 5. One month after the application, the number of branches of the buds in each group was counted, and the test results are shown in Table 6. Finally, the branching rate of each treatment was calculated according to the branching rate formula = (number of branches ÷ number of buds sprouted from the tree) × 100%.

[0060] The experiment was conducted in the Smart Orchard of Zhongyi Fruit Industry Co., Ltd., Yiyuan County, Zibo City, Shandong Province (E 118.14°, N36.07°), and the soil type was loam. The cytokinins, cyclopropanecarboxamide, and promaline reagents used in the experiment were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.

[0061] Table 5: Statistics of germination quantity

[0062]

[0063] Table 6: Branch number statistics

[0064]

[0065] The optimized branching factor can significantly promote the germination of apple seedlings. Compared with the water control, the number of buds in apple trees in Example 2 was 36.13% higher. The use of the optimized branching factor on the branching performance of seedlings also significantly improved the number of branches in seedlings. Compared with the branching ability of a single substance, the branching factor prepared after mixing and proportioning has a significantly enhanced branching ability. Compared with the comparative examples 1, 2, and 3, the number of branches increased by 24.61%, 52.27%, and 40.45%, respectively.

[0066] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. For those skilled in the art, the present application may have various modifications and variations. Any modification made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be deemed to be appropriate.

[0067] Equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. should all be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. An apple branching factor, characterized in that: The apple branching hormone is composed of cytokinin 6-BA, cyclopropionic acid amide and promalin as active ingredients; The concentration of cyclopropionic acid amide in the apple branching hormone is 28 ppm, the concentration of cytokinin 6-BA is 1.21 g•L-1, and the concentration of promalin is 46.5 mg•L-1; The preparation method of the apple branching factor comprises the following steps: Dissolve cytokinin 6-BA, cyclopropionic acid amide and promaline in anhydrous ethanol respectively to prepare cytokinin 6-BA solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promaline solution, and mix the three solutions evenly to obtain apple branching factor.

2. The apple branching factor according to claim 1, characterized in that The composition ratio of the apple branching factor is determined by the response surface optimization design method; The method for response surface optimization design comprises the following steps: (1) The cytokinin 6-BA solution, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promalin solution obtained by dissolving cytokinin 6-BA, cyclopropionic acid amide solution and promalin solution in anhydrous ethanol were used as the main variables to conduct a single factor experiment on the branch length and branch angle of fruit trees; (2) Based on the results of the single-factor experiment, a quadratic multivariate regression model equation was established, and the response surface plot of the regression equation was obtained to determine the optimal ratio of the active ingredients in apple branching hormone.

3. The apple branching factor according to claim 2, characterized in that The quadratic multiple regression model equation in step (2) is: Y1=-28.647+0.313*A+60.49*B+1.496*C-0.330*A*B+0.006*A*C+0.036*B*C-0.008*A2-38.909*B2-0.021*C2; Y2=22.867+2.075*A+9.103*B+0.649*C-0.131*A*B-0.002*A*C+0.499*B*C-0.051*A2-20.218*B2-0.012*C2.

4. An application of the apple branching factor according to claim 1, characterized in that: The application is to increase the number of branches of fruit trees or adjust the shape of fruit trees; The application is achieved by applying apple branching hormone on the branches of the fruit trees before the flower buds of the fruit trees germinate.

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