A system and method for compressed air energy storage based on an idle water tunnel

Abstract

The application discloses a kind of system and method based on idle water tunnel to carry out compressed air energy storage, it is related to air energy storage technical field, including gas storage subsystem, it includes cave body, with the cave body is connected with spare warehouse by safety valve;With the air compression subsystem being connected with the gas storage subsystem;With the gas storage subsystem other side is connected with the power generation subsystem, it includes second heat exchanger, with the second heat exchanger output end is connected with second storage warehouse, with the second heat exchanger is connected with air expander, and with the air expander is connected with generator;And, power grid subsystem.The application can release the pressure inside cave body in time because of the use of spare warehouse, and can monitor the pressure in cave body in real time, prevent waste caused by excessive pressure release, and systematic calculation can ensure more accurate value, and does not need to judge by artificial experience in the past.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of air energy storage technology, and in particular to a system and method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is a technology that converts electrical energy into compressed air and stores it, releasing it to generate electricity when needed. The principle of the technology is to use electricity during periods of low electricity prices (such as nighttime electricity) to drive a compressor to compress and store air; during periods of high electricity prices (such as daytime peak electricity consumption), the compressed air is released and used to drive a generator to generate electricity through an expander, thereby achieving peak-valley regulation and balance of electricity.

[0003] Safety is a crucial consideration in compressed air energy storage systems. During system operation, pressure is released to prevent excessive internal pressure. However, the timing of pressure release and cessation of release are determined by the experience of the operators, requiring a high level of technical expertise. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the current compressed air energy storage system based on idle hydraulic tunnels, this invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the problem that this invention aims to solve is that it is impossible to determine the time for releasing pressure and stopping the release pressure.

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0007] In a first aspect, embodiments of the present invention provide a system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, comprising,

[0008] A gas storage subsystem, comprising a cavity and a backup compartment connected to the cavity via a safety valve;

[0009] An air compression subsystem connected to the gas storage subsystem includes an electric motor, a compressor connected to the electric motor, a first heat exchanger connected to the compressor, and a first storage compartment connected to the output end of the first heat exchanger.

[0010] A power generation system connected to the other side of the gas storage subsystem includes a second heat exchanger, a second storage compartment connected to the output end of the second heat exchanger, an air expander connected to the second heat exchanger, and a generator connected to the air expander; and,

[0011] The power grid subsystem has its output connected to the air compression subsystem and its input connected to the generator system.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the compressed air energy storage system based on idle hydraulic tunnels described in this invention, multiple sets of sensors are installed inside both the tunnel body and the spare chamber to detect the pressure inside the tunnel body and the spare chamber.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the compressed air energy storage system based on idle hydraulic tunnels described in this invention, multiple sets of temperature sensors are installed inside the first and second storage chambers to detect the internal temperature of the first and second storage chambers.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the compressed air energy storage system based on idle hydraulic tunnels described in this invention, the output terminal of the power grid subsystem is also connected to the urban power grid.

[0015] The gas storage subsystem, air compression subsystem, power generation subsystem, and power grid subsystem are controlled through a central control terminal.

[0016] Secondly, embodiments of the present invention provide a method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, which includes the following steps.

[0017] During off-peak hours, excess electricity from the power grid subsystem is transferred to the electric motor, which then drives the compressor to compress the air.

[0018] Compressed air is transported into the interior of the cave for storage;

[0019] During peak electricity usage, the tunnel will release compressed air;

[0020] The released air enters the air expander, which drives the generator to operate and transmits the generated electricity to the power grid subsystem.

[0021] As a preferred embodiment of the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels described in this invention, the method includes the following steps: When storing compressed air, the tunnel body detects the internal pressure using sensors, and selects whether to transfer the air to the backup chamber via a safety valve based on the monitoring results.

[0022] Set a pressure threshold K. When the detected pressure is not greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the closed state.

[0023] When the detected pressure is greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the open state, and the air inside the cave enters the backup chamber through the safety valve.

[0024] Set a protection threshold L. When the detected pressure is less than the threshold L, the safety valve will be closed, interrupting the air transmission from the cavern to the backup chamber.

[0025] The steps for setting the protection threshold L are as follows:

[0026] The pressure difference before and after the air compression subsystem outputs compressed air to the tunnel during off-peak electricity usage is collected. The protection threshold L is then calculated using the following formula:

[0027] L=[α·(λ)]·φ

[0028] In the formula, L represents the protection threshold, α represents the weight value, λ represents the pressure difference value, and φ represents the safety value, specifically 0 or 1.

[0029] As a preferred embodiment of the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels described in this invention, the method involves: when acquiring pressure values ​​inside the tunnel using multiple sets of sensors, calculating the difference between the maximum and minimum pressure values, and determining whether the difference is greater than a preset value. If the difference is not greater than the preset value, all pressure values ​​are marked as qualified; if the difference is greater than the preset value, a screening value is calculated. The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0030]

[0031] In the formula, P smax Represented as the maximum sieve value, P smin P is represented as the minimum screening value. max P represents the maximum pressure value. max-n This is represented as the second highest pressure value, P. min P represents the minimum pressure value. min-n This is represented as the second smallest pressure value;

[0032] The difference between the sieve value and the average value is determined by the following formula:

[0033]

[0034] In the formula, P n This represents the pressure value detected by the nth sensor, where n represents the number of sensors, P AVG P is expressed as the average pressure. Amax P is represented as the difference between the maximum screening value and the average value. Amin This is expressed as the difference between the minimum screening value and the average value.

[0035] When P Amax >P Amin If the maximum pressure value is not obtained, then delete the maximum pressure value and obtain a new maximum pressure value.

[0036] When PAmax <P Amin If the minimum pressure value is not found, then delete the minimum pressure value and obtain a new minimum pressure value.

[0037] When P Amax =P Amin If the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​are not obtained, then delete the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​and obtain new maximum and minimum pressure values.

[0038] Reassess the difference between the new maximum pressure value and the new minimum pressure value until the difference is less than the preset value.

[0039] As a preferred embodiment of the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels according to the present invention, the operation steps of the air compression subsystem include:

[0040] The electric motor receives power from the power grid subsystem and drives the compressor to run. Air enters the compressor, where it is compressed and output, causing the air to heat up. The air then passes through the first heat exchanger to cool down, storing the heat in the first storage chamber. After that, the cooled air enters the cavern.

[0041] When air enters the compressor, it is filtered by a filter mechanism at the compressor inlet. The filter mechanism is a filter screen with a pore size of 3 to 6 mm.

[0042] As a preferred embodiment of the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels according to the present invention, the operation steps of the power generation system include:

[0043] The air released from the cavern flows through the pipe into the second heat exchanger. The second storage chamber injects heat into the second heat exchanger, which heats the air flowing through it. The air then enters the air expander, which drives the generator to generate electricity and transmits it to the power grid subsystem.

[0044] When heat is injected into the second heat exchanger from the second storage chamber, the temperature inside the second storage chamber is obtained, and the opening and closing state of the outlet valve of the second storage chamber is selected according to the judgment conditions:

[0045] The judgment conditions are as follows: a preset judgment temperature value Q and a minimum limit W are used to compare the temperature inside the second storage chamber with the judgment temperature value Q and the minimum limit W. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber is not less than the judgment temperature value Q, the outlet valve is in a half-open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber is less than the judgment temperature value Q but greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a fully open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber is not greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a closed state.

[0046] The opening and closing states of the outlet valve include closed, half-open, and fully open states.

[0047] In a preferred embodiment of the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in this invention, the power grid subsystem sets the current to a minimum flow rate when outputting electricity to the air compression subsystem or when receiving electricity from the power generation system, and after a period of X time, determines whether the system has experienced an anomaly.

[0048] If no abnormality is found, the minimum flow rate setting will be cancelled;

[0049] An alarm will be issued to staff if any abnormality occurs.

[0050] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: the use of the backup chamber allows for the timely release of excess pressure inside the cavity, and enables real-time monitoring of the pressure inside the cavity to prevent excessive pressure release and waste. Furthermore, the systematic calculation ensures more accurate values, eliminating the need for judgment based on manual experience. Secondly, the use of the second storage chamber allows for the heating of the released air, and by adjusting the opening and closing of the outlet valve, the flow rate of heat transfer can be regulated to ensure that the air temperature meets the optimal standard. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort. Wherein:

[0052] Figure 1 This is a scenario diagram of a system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels. Detailed Implementation

[0053] To make the above-mentioned objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a full understanding of the invention. However, the invention may also be practiced in other ways different from those described herein, and those skilled in the art can make similar extensions without departing from the spirit of the invention. Therefore, the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.

[0055] Secondly, the term "one embodiment" or "embodiment" as used herein refers to a specific feature, structure, or characteristic that may be included in at least one implementation of the present invention. The phrase "in one embodiment" appearing in different places in this specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a single or selective embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments.

[0056] This invention is described in detail with reference to the schematic diagrams. When detailing the embodiments of this invention, for ease of explanation, the cross-sectional views illustrating the device structure may be partially enlarged, not adhering to the usual scale. Furthermore, the schematic diagrams are merely examples and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention. In actual fabrication, the three-dimensional spatial dimensions of length, width, and depth should be included.

[0057] Furthermore, in the description of this invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper," "lower," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. These terms are used solely for the convenience of describing the invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," or "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0058] Unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" in this invention should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; similarly, they can refer to mechanical connections, electrical connections, or direct connections, or indirect connections through an intermediate medium, or internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0059] Example 1

[0060] Reference Figure 1 This is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, including,

[0061] The gas storage subsystem 100 includes a cavern 101 and a spare compartment 102 connected to the cavern 101 via a safety valve.

[0062] The air compression subsystem 200 connected to the air storage subsystem 100 includes an electric motor 201, a compressor 202 connected to the electric motor 201, a first heat exchanger 203 connected to the compressor 202, and a first storage chamber 204 connected to the output end of the first heat exchanger 203.

[0063] A power generation system 300 connected to the other side of the gas storage subsystem 100 includes a second heat exchanger 301, a second storage chamber 302 connected to the output end of the second heat exchanger 301, an air expander 303 connected to the second heat exchanger 301, and a generator 304 connected to the air expander 303; and,

[0064] The power grid subsystem 400 has its output connected to the air compression subsystem 200 and its input connected to the generator system 300.

[0065] Furthermore, multiple sets of sensors are installed inside both the cave 101 and the spare compartment 102 to detect the pressure inside the cave 101 and the spare compartment 102, which can effectively detect the pressure inside the cave 101 and the spare compartment 102.

[0066] Furthermore, multiple sets of temperature sensors are installed inside the first storage compartment 204 and the second storage compartment 302 to detect the internal temperature of the first storage compartment 204 and the second storage compartment 302.

[0067] Preferably, the output of the power grid subsystem 400 is also connected to the city circuit;

[0068] The gas storage subsystem 100, air compression subsystem 200, power generation subsystem 300 and power grid subsystem 400 are controlled by the central control terminal, and the overall system is monitored and controlled by the central control terminal.

[0069] In summary, the use of the backup chamber 102 allows for the timely release of excess pressure inside the cavity 101 and enables real-time monitoring of the pressure within the cavity 101, preventing excessive pressure release and waste. Furthermore, the systematic calculations ensure more accurate values, eliminating the need for manual judgment as in the past. Secondly, the use of the second storage chamber 302 allows for the heating of the released air, and by adjusting the opening and closing of the outlet valve, the flow rate of heat transfer can be regulated to ensure that the air temperature meets the optimal standard.

[0070] Example 2

[0071] Based on the first embodiment, this embodiment further provides a method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, including the following steps:

[0072] During off-peak hours, the excess power in the power grid subsystem 400 is transferred to the motor 201, which drives the compressor 202 to compress the air.

[0073] Compressed air is transported into the interior of cavity 101 for storage.

[0074] When storing compressed air, the cavity 101 uses sensors to detect the internal pressure and, based on the monitoring results, selects whether to transfer the air to the backup chamber 102 via a safety valve. The specific steps include:

[0075] Set a pressure threshold K. When the detected pressure is not greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the closed state.

[0076] When the pressure is detected to be greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the open state, and the air inside the cave 101 enters the backup chamber 102 through the safety valve.

[0077] Set a protection threshold L. When the detected pressure is less than the threshold L, the safety valve will be closed, interrupting the air transmission from the cavern 101 to the standby chamber 102.

[0078] The steps for setting the protection threshold L are as follows:

[0079] When electricity is used during off-peak hours, the pressure difference before and after the compressed air is output from the air compression subsystem 200 to the tunnel 101 is collected. The protection threshold L is obtained according to the calculation formula, which is as follows:

[0080] L=[α·(λ)]·φ

[0081] In the formula, L represents the protection threshold, α represents the weight value, λ represents the pressure difference value, and φ represents the safety value, specifically 0 or 1;

[0082] For example, if the pressure threshold K is set to 5MPa, the average pressure value detected by multiple sets of sensors installed inside the tunnel 101 is calculated and compared with the pressure threshold K. If the average value is not greater than the pressure threshold K, it means that the inside of the tunnel 101 is still in a stable state and there is no need to open the safety valve. If the pressure threshold K is greater than the pressure threshold K, it means that the pressure inside the tunnel 101 is too high. Therefore, the safety valve is opened to release the pressure. When the pressure is released, the sensors will detect the pressure inside the tunnel 101 in real time.

[0083] The protection threshold L is set by obtaining the pressure difference before and after the most recent air compression subsystem 200 outputs compressed air to the cavity 101, and then calculating the protection threshold L. In the calculation, the weight value α decreases as the duration of the most recent air compression subsystem 200 outputs compressed air to the cavity 101 increases, and satisfies α∈[0.5,2].

[0084] When acquiring pressure values ​​inside cavity 101 using multiple sensors, the difference between the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​is calculated, and it is determined whether the difference is greater than a preset value. If the difference is not greater than the preset value, all pressure values ​​are marked as qualified. If the difference is greater than the preset value, the screening value is calculated. The specific calculation method is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] In the formula, P smax Represented as the maximum sieve value, P smin P is represented as the minimum screening value. max P represents the maximum pressure value. max-n This is represented as the second highest pressure value, P. min P represents the minimum pressure value. min-n This is represented as the second smallest pressure value;

[0087] For example, the pressure values ​​inside the cavity 101 are obtained through multiple sets of sensors: 3.5 MPa, 3.8 MPa, 4 MPa, 4.4 MPa, 4.6 MPa, and 4.8 MPa. The difference between the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​is 1.3 MPa. When the preset value is 1.5, all values ​​are marked as qualified. When the preset value is 1.2, the screening value is calculated using the absolute values ​​of 4.8-4.6 and 3.5-3.8, thus obtaining the maximum screening value P. smax The minimum screening value P is 0.2. smin It is 0.3;

[0088] The difference between the sieve value and the average value is determined by the following formula:

[0089]

[0090] In the formula, P n This represents the pressure value detected by the nth sensor, where n represents the number of sensors, P AVG P is expressed as the average pressure. Amax P is represented as the difference between the maximum screening value and the average value. Amin This is expressed as the difference between the minimum screening value and the average value.

[0091] When P Amax >P Amin If the maximum pressure value is not obtained, then delete the maximum pressure value and obtain a new maximum pressure value.

[0092] When P Amax <P Amin If the minimum pressure value is not found, then delete the minimum pressure value and obtain a new minimum pressure value.

[0093] When P Amax =PAmin If the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​are not obtained, then delete the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​and obtain new maximum and minimum pressure values.

[0094] Reassess the difference between the new maximum pressure value and the new minimum pressure value until the difference is less than the preset value;

[0095] When the calculated average value is 4.18 MPa, and the differences between the maximum and minimum sieve values ​​are 3.98 and 3.88 respectively, the judgment condition P is satisfied. Amax <P Amin If the minimum pressure value is not found, the minimum pressure value is deleted, a new minimum pressure value is obtained, and the calculation is repeated.

[0096] The operating steps of the air compression subsystem 200 include:

[0097] The electric motor 201 receives power from the power grid subsystem 400 and drives the compressor 202 to run. Air enters the compressor 202, and the compressor 202 completes the compression and output of the air, which raises the temperature of the air. Then, the air passes through the first heat exchanger 203 to cool down the air and saves the heat in the first storage chamber 204. After that, the cooled air enters the cave 101.

[0098] When air enters the compressor 202, it is filtered by a filter mechanism at the compressor 202 inlet. The filter mechanism is a filter screen with a pore size of 3 to 6 mm. The compressed air can be purified by the filter mechanism.

[0099] During peak electricity usage, the cavity 101 releases compressed air;

[0100] The released air enters the air expander 303, which drives the generator 304 to operate and transmit the generated electricity to the power grid subsystem 400.

[0101] The operating steps of the electronic system 300 include:

[0102] Air released from the cavern 101 flows through the pipe into the second heat exchanger 301. The second storage chamber 302 injects heat into the second heat exchanger 301, raising the temperature of the flowing air. The air then enters the air expander 303, which drives the generator 304 to operate, generating electricity that is then transmitted to the power grid subsystem 400.

[0103] When the second storage chamber 302 injects heat into the second heat exchanger 301, the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is obtained, and the opening and closing state of the outlet valve of the second storage chamber 302 is selected according to the judgment conditions:

[0104] The judgment conditions are as follows: a preset judgment temperature value Q and a minimum limit W are used to compare the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 with the judgment temperature value Q and the minimum limit W. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is not less than the judgment temperature value Q, the outlet valve is in a half-open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is less than the judgment temperature value Q but greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a fully open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is not greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a closed state.

[0105] The opening and closing states of the outlet valve include closed state, half-open state and fully open state;

[0106] During implementation, the preset judgment temperature value Q is 80℃ and the minimum limit W is 50℃. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is 70℃, the outlet valve of the second storage chamber 302 that outputs heat to the second heat exchanger 301 is fully open. According to the same judgment method, when the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is 90℃, the outlet valve of the second storage chamber 302 that outputs heat to the second heat exchanger 301 is half open. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber 302 is 40℃, the outlet valve is closed, and the air is heated in other ways.

[0107] When the power grid subsystem 400 outputs power to the air compressor subsystem 200 or receives power from the generator system 300, it sets the current to the minimum flow rate and, after a period of X time, determines whether the system has experienced an abnormality.

[0108] If no abnormality is found, the minimum flow rate setting will be cancelled;

[0109] An alarm will be issued to staff if any abnormality occurs;

[0110] For example, when the power grid subsystem 400 outputs power to the air compressor subsystem 200, the current during normal operation is 20A. Within a time period of X, the current is set to the minimum flow rate, that is, the output current is 5A, to check whether the system is operating erroneously. When it is operating normally, the minimum flow rate setting is canceled and it operates in the normal way.

[0111] This embodiment also provides a computer device applicable to the method of compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, including a memory and a processor; the memory is used to store computer-executable instructions, and the processor is used to execute the computer-executable instructions to realize the method of compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as proposed in the above embodiment.

[0112] The computer device can be a terminal, comprising a processor, memory, communication interface, display screen, and input devices connected via a system bus. The processor provides computing and control capabilities. The memory includes non-volatile storage media and internal memory. The non-volatile storage media stores the operating system and computer programs. The internal memory provides an environment for the operation of the operating system and computer programs stored in the non-volatile storage media. The communication interface is used for wired or wireless communication with external terminals; wireless communication can be achieved through Wi-Fi, carrier networks, NFC (Near Field Communication), or other technologies. The display screen can be an LCD screen or an e-ink screen. The input devices can be a touch layer covering the display screen, buttons, a trackball, or a touchpad on the computer device's casing, or an external keyboard, touchpad, or mouse.

[0113] This embodiment also provides a storage medium storing a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as proposed in the above embodiments.

[0114] The storage medium proposed in this embodiment and the data storage method proposed in the above embodiments belong to the same inventive concept. Technical details not described in detail in this embodiment can be found in the above embodiments, and this embodiment has the same beneficial effects as the above embodiments.

[0115] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, characterized in that: include, The gas storage subsystem (100) includes a cavity (101) and a spare compartment (102) connected to the cavity (101) via a safety valve. An air compression subsystem (200) connected to the air storage subsystem (100) includes an electric motor (201), a compressor (202) connected to the electric motor (201), a first heat exchanger (203) connected to the compressor (202), and a first storage chamber (204) connected to the output end of the first heat exchanger (203). A power generation system (300) connected to the other side of the gas storage subsystem (100) includes a second heat exchanger (301), a second storage chamber (302) connected to the output end of the second heat exchanger (301), an air expander (303) connected to the second heat exchanger (301), and a generator (304) connected to the air expander (303); and, A power grid subsystem (400) is connected to an air compression subsystem (200) at its output and to a generator system (300) at its input. When storing compressed air, the cavity (101) uses sensors to detect the internal pressure and selects whether to transfer the air to the backup chamber (102) through a safety valve based on the monitoring results. The specific steps include: Set a pressure threshold K. When the detected pressure is not greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the closed state. When the pressure is detected to be greater than the threshold K, the safety valve is in the open state, and the air inside the cave (101) enters the spare compartment (102) through the safety valve. Set a protection threshold L. When the pressure is detected to be less than the threshold L, the safety valve will be closed to interrupt the air transmission from the cavern (101) to the standby chamber (102). The steps for setting the protection threshold L are as follows: When electricity is used during off-peak hours, the pressure difference between the compressed air output by the air compression subsystem (200) to the tunnel (101) before and after compression is collected. The protection threshold L is obtained according to the calculation formula, which is as follows: ； In the formula, L represents the protection threshold. Represented as weight values, Expressed as pressure difference, This is represented as a safety value, specifically 0 or 1; The operation steps of the electronic system (300) include, Air released from the cavern (101) flows through the pipe into the second heat exchanger (301). The second storage chamber (302) injects heat into the second heat exchanger (301), causing the flowing air to heat up. Then it enters the air expander (303), which drives the generator (304) to run, so that the generator (304) generates electricity and transmits it to the power grid subsystem (400). When heat is injected into the second heat exchanger (301) from the second storage chamber (302), the temperature inside the second storage chamber (302) is obtained, and the opening and closing state of the outlet valve of the second storage chamber (302) is selected according to the judgment conditions: The judgment conditions are as follows: a preset judgment temperature value Q and a minimum limit W are used to compare the temperature inside the second storage chamber (302) with the judgment temperature value Q and the minimum limit W. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber (302) is not less than the judgment temperature value Q, the outlet valve is in a half-open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber (302) is less than the judgment temperature value Q and greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a fully open state. When the temperature inside the second storage chamber (302) is not greater than the minimum limit W, the outlet valve is in a closed state. The opening and closing states of the outlet valve include closed, half-open, and fully open states.

2. The system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 1, characterized in that: Multiple sets of sensors are installed inside the cave (101) and the spare compartment (102) to detect the pressure inside the cave (101) and the spare compartment (102).

3. The system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 2, characterized in that: Multiple temperature sensors are installed inside the first storage compartment (204) and the second storage compartment (302) to detect the internal temperature of the first storage compartment (204) and the second storage compartment (302).

4. The system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 3, characterized in that: The output of the power grid subsystem (400) is also connected to the city circuit; The gas storage subsystem (100), air compression subsystem (200), power generation subsystem (300) and power grid subsystem (400) are controlled by the central control terminal.

5. A method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels, based on the system for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: Includes the following steps, During off-peak hours, excess electricity from the power grid subsystem (400) is transferred to the motor (201), which in turn drives the compressor (202) to compress the air. Compressed air is transferred to the interior of the cavity (101) for storage; During peak electricity usage, the cavity (101) releases compressed air; The released air enters the air expander (303), which drives the generator (304) to operate and transmit the generated electricity to the power grid subsystem (400).

6. The method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 5, characterized in that: When acquiring the pressure value inside the cavity (101) using multiple sets of sensors, the difference between the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​is calculated, and it is determined whether the difference is greater than a preset value. If the difference is not greater than the preset value, all pressure values ​​are marked as qualified. If the difference is greater than the preset value, the screening value is calculated. The specific calculation method is as follows: ； In the formula, This is represented as the maximum value for screening. This is represented as the minimum screening value. This is represented as the maximum pressure value. This is indicated as the second highest pressure value. This is represented as the minimum pressure value. This is represented as the second smallest pressure value; The difference between the sieve value and the average value is determined by the following formula: ； ； In the formula, This represents the pressure value detected by the nth sensor, where n represents the number of sensors. Expressed as average pressure, This is represented as the difference between the maximum screening value and the average value. This is expressed as the difference between the minimum screening value and the average value. when > If the maximum pressure value is not obtained, then delete the maximum pressure value and obtain a new maximum pressure value. when < If the minimum pressure value is not found, then delete the minimum pressure value and obtain a new minimum pressure value. when = If the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​are not obtained, then delete the maximum and minimum pressure values ​​and obtain new maximum and minimum pressure values. Reassess the difference between the new maximum pressure value and the new minimum pressure value until the difference is less than the preset value.

7. The method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 6, characterized in that: The operating steps of the air compression subsystem (200) include, The electric motor (201) receives power from the power grid subsystem (400) and drives the compressor (202) to run. Air enters the compressor (202), and the compressor (202) completes the compression and output of the air, which raises the temperature of the air. Then, the air is cooled down by the first heat exchanger (203), and the heat is stored in the first storage chamber (204). After that, the cooled air enters the cave (101). When air enters the compressor (202), it will be filtered by the filter mechanism at the inlet of the compressor (202). The filter mechanism is a filter screen with a pore size of 3~6mm.

8. The method for compressed air energy storage based on idle hydraulic tunnels as described in claim 7, characterized in that: When the power grid subsystem (400) outputs power to the air compressor subsystem (200) or receives power from the generator system (300), it sets the current to the minimum flow rate and, after a period of X, determines whether the system has experienced an abnormality. If no abnormality is found, the minimum flow rate setting will be cancelled; An alarm will be issued to staff if any abnormality occurs.

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