Positive active material composition rich in lithium and manganese

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a positive electrode active material composition rich in lithium and manganese. A positive electrode active material including a compound represented by Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667 x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333 x-0.5 yc) Ni (x-0. 5y + cz) M (y + ca) O (2-b) Fb (1), where 0 lt; blt; 0.1, c = (0 or 1), 0.2 lt; xlt; 0.35, 0.04 lt, 0.35, 0.04 lt; yt; Yt; 0.09, 1t, 0.09, 1t; 1.333 to 0.667 x <-z >-alt, 0 < x <-z > 1.19, 0.5 lt, 1.19, 0.5 lt; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: (1) selecting the raw materials; 0.667, 0.13 lt, 0.26 lt; x <-0.5 > y + zlt; 0, 0.5, 0 lt; y + alt; 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] In at least one aspect, a positive electrode active material for a lithium-ion battery is provided. Background Art

[0002] Compared with currently used nickel cobalt manganese (NCM) and nickel cobalt aluminum (NCA) materials, the lithium and manganese rich (LMR) positive electrode active material is considered to be one of the most promising next-generation cathode materials due to its high weight energy density. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In at least one aspect, a positive electrode active material is provided. The positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1), where: 0.01 < b < 0.05, c = (0 or 1), 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

[0004] In another aspect, a positive electrode for a lithium-ion battery is provided. The positive electrode includes a positive electrode active material, and the positive electrode active material includes a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1), where: 0.01 < b < 0.05, c = (0 or 1), 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

[0005] In another aspect, a rechargeable lithium-ion battery including at least one lithium-ion battery cell is provided. Each lithium-ion battery cell includes a positive electrode, and the positive electrode contains a compound represented by Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b(1), where: 0.01 < b < 0.05, c = (0 or 1), 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0006] To further understand the nature, objectives, and advantages of the present disclosure, reference should be made to the following detailed description and read in conjunction with the following drawings, in which like reference numerals represent like elements:

[0007] Figure 1A . Schematic cross-section of a positive electrode including a cathode active material on one side of a current collector.

[0008] Figure 1B . Schematic cross-section of a positive electrode including a cathode active material on both sides of a current collector.

[0009] Figure 2 . Including Figure 1A of a positive electrode of a battery cell.

[0010] Figure 3 . Including Figure 2 of a battery pack of a battery cell. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0011] Reference will now be made in detail to the presently preferred compositions, embodiments, and methods of the present invention, which constitute the best mode presently known to the inventors for practicing the invention. The drawings are not necessarily to scale. However, it should be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely examples of the invention that may be embodied in various forms and alternative forms. Accordingly, the specific details disclosed herein are not to be construed as limiting, but rather as a representative basis for any aspect of the invention and / or as a representative basis for teaching one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention in various ways.

[0012] Unless in the examples or where otherwise expressly indicated, all numerical quantities in this specification indicating amounts of materials or conditions of reaction and / or use should be understood as modified by the word "about" to describe the broadest scope of the invention. Practice within the stated numerical limits is generally preferred. Furthermore, unless expressly stated to the contrary: when a given chemical structure includes a substituent on a chemical moiety (e.g., on an aryl, alkyl, etc.), the substituent is attributed to a more general chemical structure that comprises the given structure; otherwise, percentages, "parts," and ratio values ​​are by weight; the term "polymer" includes "oligomers," "copolymers," "terpolymers," and the like; molecular weights provided for any polymer refer to weight average molecular weights unless otherwise indicated; description of a group or class of materials as suitable or preferred for a given purpose in conjunction with the present invention implies that mixtures of any two or more of the members of the group or class are equally suitable or preferred; description of ingredients in chemical terms refers to the ingredients when added to any combination specified in the specification, and does not necessarily exclude chemical interactions between the ingredients of the mixture once mixed; the first definition of an acronym or other abbreviation applies to all subsequent uses of the same abbreviation herein and applies mutatis mutandis to normal grammatical variations of the initially defined abbreviation; and, unless expressly stated to the contrary, measurements of properties are determined by the same techniques as previously or later mentioned for the same property.

[0013] It must also be noted that, as used in the specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. For example, reference to a component in the singular is intended to include a plurality of components.

[0014] As used herein, the term "about" means that the amount or value in question can be the specified specific value or some other value in its neighborhood. Typically, the term "about" indicating a value is intended to indicate a range within + / - 5% of the value. As an example, the phrase "about 100" indicates a range of 100+ / - 5, i.e., a range of 95 to 105. Typically, when the term "about" is used, it is expected that similar results or effects according to the present invention can be obtained within a range of + / - 5% of the indicated value.

[0015] As used herein, the term "and / or" means that all or only one of the elements of the group may be present. For example, "A and / or B" should mean "only A or only B, or both A and B". In the case of "only A", the term also covers the possibility that B is not present, that is, "only A, but not B".

[0016] It should also be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments and methods described below, as specific components and / or conditions may vary of course. In addition, the terminology used herein is only used to describe the purpose of specific embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to be limiting in any way.

[0017] The term "comprising" is synonymous with "including," "having," "containing," or "characterized by." These terms are inclusive and open-ended and do not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps.

[0018] The phrase "consisting of" excludes any element, step, or ingredient not specified in the claim. When the phrase appears in a clause in the body of a claim, rather than immediately following the preamble, it limits only the elements set forth in that clause; the entire claim does not exclude other elements.

[0019] The phrase "consisting essentially of" limits the scope of a claim to the specified materials or steps, plus those that do not materially affect one or more of the basic and novel characteristics of the claimed subject matter.

[0020] The phrase “consisting of means “including” or “composed of.” Generally, the phrase is used to indicate that an object is formed of a material.

[0021] With respect to the terms "comprising," "consisting of," and "consisting essentially of," where one of these three terms is used herein, the presently disclosed and claimed subject matter may include the use of either of the other two terms.

[0022] The term "one or more" means "at least one", and the term "at least one" means "one or more". The terms "one or more" and "at least one" include "plurality" and "multiple" as subsets. In a refinement, "one or more" includes "two or more".

[0023] The terms "substantially," "generally," or "about" may be used herein to describe the disclosed or claimed embodiments. The term "substantially" may modify a value or relative property disclosed or claimed in the present disclosure. In such instances, "substantially" may mean that the value or relative property it modifies is within ±0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, or 10% of the value or relative property.

[0024] It should also be understood that integer ranges explicitly include all intermediate integers. For example, integer ranges 1 to 10 explicitly include 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. Similarly, ranges 1 to 100 include 1, 2, 3, 4, ..., 97, 98, 99, 100. Similarly, when any range is desired, intermediate values ​​that are increments of the difference between the upper and lower limits divided by 10 may be considered as alternative upper or lower limits. For example, if the range is 1.1 to 2.1, the following values ​​1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, and 2.0 may be selected as lower or upper limits.

[0025] When referring to a numerical quantity, in one refinement, the term "less than" includes a non-inclusive lower limit that is 5% of the number indicated after "less than." For example, in one refinement, "less than 20" includes a non-inclusive lower limit of 1. Thus, this refinement of "less than 20" includes a range between 1 and 20. In another refinement, the term "less than" includes a non-inclusive lower limit that is, in ascending order of priority, 20%, 10%, 5%, or 1% of the number indicated after "less than."

[0026] The term "positive electrode" means the cell electrode from which current flows when a lithium-ion cell or battery is discharged. Sometimes, the "positive electrode" is referred to as the "cathode."

[0027] The term "negative electrode" refers to the battery cell electrode into which current flows when the lithium-ion battery cell is discharged. Sometimes, the "negative electrode" is called the "anode."

[0028] The term "cell" or "battery cell" means an electrochemical battery cell made of at least one positive electrode, at least one negative electrode, an electrolyte, and a separator.

[0029] The term "battery" or "battery pack" means an electrical storage device made of at least one battery cell. In a refinement, a "battery" or "battery pack" is an electrical storage device made of a plurality of battery cells.

[0030] The term "specific capacity" means the capacity per unit mass of the anode active material. The unit of specific capacity is milliampere-hour / gram (mAh / g).

[0031] Current LMR material compositions have inherent problems such as voltage decay during cycling, rate capacity, cycling performance, and volumetric energy density. Therefore, there is a need for an optimized LMR material composition for positive active materials for lithium-ion batteries with improved rate capacity, battery cell performance, and volumetric energy density.

[0032] The present disclosure seeks to alleviate the inherent critical issues of lithium-manganese-rich (LMR) materials, which include severe voltage decay during cycling, poor rate capacity, and poor cycling performance. These issues can be addressed by optimizing the composition, which may lead to a reduction in energy density. To minimize the reduction in energy density while addressing the above issues, a novel LMR composition is proposed.

[0033] In certain embodiments, the disclosed LMR composition comprises F - (fluoride) anion-doped and has a large amount of Mn 3+ (manganese). The novel composition also exhibits a higher initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE), resulting in an increased discharge capacity relative to other known LMR compositions. Additionally, due to the stronger metal-fluoride (Me-F) bond, the excellent chemical stability of the composition results in a better cycle life.

[0034] The general formula of the disclosed LMR composition is Li (1.333-0.667x-z-a) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5y) Ni (x-0.5y+z) M (y+a) O (2-b) F b . Here, M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. For this formula, the following conditions apply: 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and 0.01 < b < 0.05.

[0035] The disclosed LMR composition allows for a lower average Mn oxidation state and a higher ICE, thereby addressing key issues such as voltage decay during cycling, poor rate capacity, poor cycling performance, and / or lower volumetric energy density. Additionally, the stronger Me-F bond provides better chemical stability compared to the Me-O bond.

[0036] The new composition enabled by substituting Li + / [Co 3+ and Ni 2+ for F - doping provides several benefits. More Mn 3+ incorporation results in a larger slope region, and the higher ICE can enhance the discharge capacity. The higher ICE can be attributed to better structural stability after the first charge due to strong Me-F bonding. Additionally, the increased Mn 3+ content enhances the electronic conductivity. Both the Mn 3+ content and the ICE are higher compared to those in the prior art.

[0037] In another embodiment of the novel composition, where Li (1.333-0.667x-y) Mn (0.667-0.333x) Ni x M y O (2-b) F b In another embodiment of the novel composition, M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. The composition follows the conditions: 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - y < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x < 0.667, 0.13 < x < 0.5, 0 < y < 0.13, and 0.01 < b < 0.05.

[0038] This embodiment also results in a lower average Mn oxidation state and a higher ICE, thus solving the LMR problem similar to that of the previous formula. Using Li + / Co3 + to replace F - doping also provides several benefits, such as increased Mn 3+ incorporation and enhanced ICE, resulting in better discharge capacity and enhanced electronic conductivity.

[0039] Due to the higher Mn 3+ content and ICE, represented as Li (1.333-0.667x-y) Mn (0.667-0.333x) Ni x Co y O (2-b) F b the series of novel compositions provides better performance, thus establishing the advantage of these novel formulations in alleviating the problems of LMR materials.

[0040] Referring to FIG. 1, a schematic diagram of a positive electrode including a positive electrode active material is provided. The positive electrode 10 includes a positive electrode active material layer 12 disposed above and generally in contact with the positive electrode current collector 14. Generally, the positive electrode current collector 14 is a metal plate or metal foil made of a metal such as aluminum, copper, platinum, zinc, titanium, etc. Currently, copper is most commonly used for the positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode active material is represented by Formula 1:

[0041] Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1)

[0042] Where:

[0043] 0.01 < b < 0.05,

[0044] c = (0 or 1),

[0045] 0.2 < x < 0.35,

[0046] 0.04 < y < 0.09,

[0047] 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19,

[0048] 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667,

[0049] 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5,

[0050] 0 < y + a < 0.13, and

[0051] M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

[0052] In one embodiment, the specific active electrode composition of the LMR composition is Li (1.333-0.667x-z-a) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5y) Ni (x-0.5y+z) M (y+a) O (2-b) F b . Here, M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. For this formula, the following conditions apply: 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and 0.01 < b < 0.05.

[0053] In another embodiment, the specific LMR composition is represented as Li (1.333-0.667x-y) Mn (0.667-0.333x) Ni x M y O (2-b) F b , where M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof. This composition follows the following conditions: 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - y < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x < 0.667, 0.13 < x < 0.5, 0 < y < 0.13, and 0.01 < b < 0.05.

[0054] Reference Figure 2, a schematic diagram of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery cell incorporating the positive electrode of FIG. 1 is provided. The battery cell 20 includes a positive electrode 10 as described above, a negative electrode 22, and a separator 24 interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The negative electrode 22 includes a negative electrode collector 26 and a negative electrode active material layer 28 disposed above and generally in contact with the negative electrode collector. Typically, the negative electrode collector 26 is a metal plate or metal foil composed of a metal such as aluminum, copper, platinum, zinc, titanium, etc. Currently, copper is most commonly used for the negative electrode collector. The battery cell is immersed in an electrolyte 30 enclosed by a battery cell housing 32. The electrolyte 30 is absorbed into the separator 24. In other words, the separator 24 includes an electrolyte, thereby allowing lithium ions to move between the negative electrode and the positive electrode. The electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt. The non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a medium for transmitting ions participating in the electrochemical reaction of the battery. Advantageously, the battery cell 20 may have a specific capacity greater than 150 mAh / g.

[0055] refer to Figure 3 , providing a positive electrode incorporating FIG. 1 and Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a rechargeable lithium-ion battery having a battery cell. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery 40 includes Figure 2 Typically, the rechargeable lithium-ion battery 40 includes Figure 2 At least one battery cell 20 of the design i Each lithium-ion battery cell has 20 i The invention comprises: a positive electrode 10, the positive electrode comprising a compound represented by Formula 1; a negative electrode 22, the negative electrode comprising a negative electrode active material; and an electrolyte 30, wherein i is an integer mark for each battery cell. The mark i is from 1 to nmax, wherein nmax is the total number of battery cells in the rechargeable lithium ion battery 40. The electrolyte 30 comprises a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt. The non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a medium for transporting ions participating in the electrochemical reaction of the battery. A plurality of battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel and / or in combination thereof. A voltage output from the battery 40 is provided across terminals 42 and 44. Advantageously, the rechargeable lithium ion battery 40 may have a specific capacity greater than 150 mAh / g for each battery cell therein.

[0056] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the separator 24 physically separates the negative electrode 22 from the positive electrode 10, thereby presenting a short circuit, while allowing lithium ion transmission for charging and discharging. Therefore, the separator 24 can be composed of any material suitable for this purpose. Examples of suitable materials that can constitute the separator 24 include, but are not limited to, polytetrafluoroethylene (e.g., Glass fiber, polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene and combinations thereof. The separator 24 may be in the form of a woven fabric or a nonwoven fabric. The separator 24 may be in the form of a nonwoven fabric or a woven fabric. For example, polyolefin-based polymer separators (such as polyethylene and / or polypropylene) are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries. In order to ensure heat resistance or mechanical strength, a coated separator including a ceramic or polymer material coating may be used.

[0057] refer to Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the electrolyte 30 includes a lithium salt dissolved in a non-aqueous organic solvent. Therefore, the electrolyte 30 includes lithium ions, which can be embedded in the positive electrode active material during charging and embedded in the anode active material during discharging. Examples of lithium salts include, but are not limited to, LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiC4F9SO3, LiClO4, LiAlO2, LiAlCl4, LiCl, LiI, LiB(C2O4)2, and combinations thereof. In an improved embodiment, the electrolyte includes a lithium salt in an amount of about 0.1M to about 2.0M.

[0058] Still reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt. Advantageously, the non-aqueous organic solvent is used as a medium for transporting ions and in particular lithium ions participating in the electrochemical reaction of the battery. Suitable non-aqueous organic solvents include carbonate-based solvents, ester-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, alcohol-based solvents, aprotic solvents and combinations thereof. Examples of carbonate-based solvents include, but are not limited to, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methylpropyl carbonate, ethylpropyl carbonate, methylethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and combinations thereof. Examples of ester-based solvents include, but are not limited to, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, γ-butyrolactone, decanolactone, valerolactone, mevalonolactone, caprolactone and combinations thereof. Examples of ether-based solvents include, but are not limited to, dibutyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, dimethoxyethane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, tetrahydrofuran, etc., and ketone-based solvents may include cyclohexanone, etc. Examples of alcohol-based solvents include, but are not limited to, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, etc. Examples of aprotic solvents include, but are not limited to, nitriles such as R—CN (where R is C 2-20Straight chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbons, which may include double bonds, aromatic rings or ether bonds), amides such as dimethylformamide, dioxolanes such as 1,3-dioxolane, cyclopentane, etc. Advantageously, non-aqueous organic solvents can be used alone. In other variations, mixtures of non-aqueous organic solvents can be used. Such mixtures are generally formulated to optimize battery performance. In one improvement, carbonate-based solvents are prepared by mixing cyclic carbonates and linear carbonates. In one variation, the electrolyte 30 may also include vinylene carbonate-based or ethylene carbonate-based compounds to extend the battery cycle life.

[0059] Refer to Figure 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the negative electrode and the positive electrode can be made by methods known to those skilled in the art of lithium-ion batteries. Typically, an active material (e.g., a positive electrode or a negative electrode active material) is mixed with a conductive material and a binder in a solvent (e.g., N-methylpyrrolidone) to form an active material composition and the composition is coated on a current collector. Electrode manufacturing methods are well known and therefore are not described in detail in this specification. The solvent includes N-methylpyrrolidone and the like, but is not limited thereto.

[0060] Refer to Figure 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3 , the positive electrode active material layer 12 includes a positive electrode active material represented by Formula 1, a binder and a conductive material. The binder can increase the bonding properties of the positive electrode active material particles to each other and to the positive electrode current collector 14. Examples of suitable binders include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene butadiene rubber, acrylate styrene butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, etc., and combinations thereof. The conductive material provides conductivity to the positive electrode 10. Examples of suitable conductive materials include, but are not limited to, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, copper, metal powder, metal fiber, and combinations thereof. Examples of metal powders and metal fibers are composed of nickel, aluminum, silver, and the like.

[0061] Refer to Figure 1. Figure 2 and Figure 3, the negative electrode active material layer 26 includes a negative electrode active material, including a binder, and optionally includes a conductive material. The negative electrode active materials used herein may be those known to those skilled in the art of lithium ion batteries. The negative electrode active materials include, but are not limited to, carbon-based negative electrode active materials, silicon-based negative electrode active materials, and combinations thereof. Suitable carbon-based negative electrode active materials may include graphite and graphene. Suitable silicon-based negative electrode active materials may include at least one selected from silicon, silicon oxide, silicon oxide coated with conductive carbon on the surface, and silicon (Si) coated with conductive carbon on the surface. For example, silicon oxide may be of the formula SiO z Description, wherein z is 0.09 to 1.1. A mixture of carbon-based negative electrode active materials and silicon-based negative electrode active materials can also be used for the negative electrode active material.

[0062] The negative electrode binder increases the bonding properties of the negative electrode active material particles to each other and to the current collector. The binder may be a non-aqueous binder, an aqueous binder, or a combination thereof. Examples of non-aqueous binders may be polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide-imide, polyimide, or a combination thereof. The aqueous binder may be a rubber-based binder or a polymer resin binder. Examples of rubber-based binders include, but are not limited to, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, butyl rubber, fluororubber, and combinations thereof. Examples of polymer resin binders include, but are not limited to, polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, epichlorohydrin, polyphosphazene, polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, ethylene-propylene-diene copolymer, polyvinyl pyridine, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, latex, polyester resin, acrylic resin, phenolic resin, epoxy resin, polyvinyl alcohol, and combinations thereof.

[0063] Although exemplary embodiments are described above, these embodiments are not intended to describe all possible forms of the present invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are descriptive rather than restrictive terms, and it should be understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In addition, the features of the various embodiments of implementation may be combined to form other embodiments of the present invention.

[0064] According to the present invention, there is provided a positive electrode active material for a lithium ion battery, the positive electrode active material having a compound represented by Formula 1:

[0065] Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5y) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1)

[0066] Wherein:

[0067] 0 < b < 0.1,

[0068] c = (0 or 1),

[0069] 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - cz - ca < 1.20,

[0070] 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667,

[0071] 0.13 < x - 0.5y + cz < 0.5,

[0072] 0 < y + ca < 0.13, and

[0073] M is Co, Cr or a combination thereof.

[0074] According to one embodiment, c = 0.

[0075] According to one embodiment, c = 1.

[0076] According to one embodiment, 0.01 < b < 0.05, c = (0 or 1), 0.2 < x - 0.5y + cz < 0.37, 0 < y + ca < 0.09.

[0077] According to the present invention, there is provided a positive electrode for a lithium ion battery, the positive electrode having a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1:

[0078] Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5y) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1)

[0079] Wherein:

[0080] 0 < b < 0.1,

[0081] c = (0 or 1),

[0082] 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - cz - ca < 1.20,

[0083] 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667,

[0084] 0.13 < x - 0.5y + cz < 0.5,

[0085] 0 < y + ca < 0.13, and

[0086] M is Co, Cr or a combination thereof.

[0087] According to the present invention, there is provided a rechargeable lithium-ion battery having at least one lithium-ion battery cell, each lithium-ion battery cell including a positive electrode containing a positive electrode active material represented by Formula 1:

[0088] Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mn (0.667-0.333x-0.5y) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1)

[0089] Wherein:

[0090] 0 < b < 0.1,

[0091] c = (0 or 1),

[0092] 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - cz - ca < 1.20,

[0093] 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667,

[0094] 0.13 < x - 0.5y + cz < 0.5,

[0095] 0 < y + ca < 0.13, and

[0096] M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

[0097] According to one embodiment, the at least one lithium-ion battery cell is a plurality of battery cells.

[0098] According to one embodiment, each battery cell further includes a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

[0099] According to one embodiment, each battery cell has a specific capacity greater than 150 mAh / g.

Claims

1. A positive electrode active material for a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode active material comprising a compound represented by General Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mr (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1) Wherein: 0<b<0.1， c = (0 or 1), 0.2<x<0.35， 0.04<y<0.09， 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

2. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein c = 0.

3. The positive electrode active material according to claim 1, wherein c = 1.

4. A positive electrode for a lithium-ion battery, the positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material, the positive electrode active material comprising a compound represented by Chemical Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mr (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1) Wherein: 0<b<0.1， c = (0 or 1), 0.2<x<0.35， 0.04<y<0.09， 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

5. The positive electrode according to claim 4, wherein c = 0.

6. The positive electrode according to claim 4, wherein c = 1.

7. A rechargeable lithium-ion battery, the rechargeable lithium-ion battery comprising at least one lithium-ion battery cell, each lithium-ion battery cell including a positive electrode, the positive electrode comprising a positive electrode active material represented by Formula 1: Li (1.333-0.667x-cz-ca) Mr (0.667-0.333x-0.5yc) Ni (x-0.5y+cz) M (y+ca) O (2-b) F b (1) Wherein: 0<b<0.1， c = (0 or 1), 0.2<x<0.35， 0.04<y<0.09， 1 < 1.333 - 0.667x - z - a < 1.19, 0.5 < 0.667 - 0.333x - 0.5y < 0.667, 0.13 < x - 0.5y + z < 0.5, 0 < y + a < 0.13, and M is Co, Cr, or a combination thereof.

8. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein c = 0.

9. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein c = 1.

10. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein the at least one lithium-ion battery cell is a plurality of battery cells.

11. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein each battery cell further includes a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.

12. The rechargeable lithium-ion battery according to claim 7, wherein each battery cell has a specific capacity greater than 150 mAh / g.

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