Dipole antenna connector assembly

Abstract

The dipole antenna connector assembly comprises a connector body of a tubular structure, a first protruding part is arranged in the connector body, and a rubber sleeve is arranged at the upper end of the first protruding part; an insulating pipe sleeve, a filling shielding layer, a copper pipe and a rubber sleeve of which the diameters are gradually increased in sequence are mounted in the joint main body; one end of the joint main body is provided with a pin which is used for connecting a coaxial cable. A dipole antenna and a locking nut are installed at the other end of the connector body, the locking nut extrudes the end of the rubber sleeve in a threaded rotation mode, and the copper pipe and the rubber sleeve are fixed through deformation of the rubber sleeve. The copper pipe is fixed by rotating the locking nut to extrude the rubber sleeve to deform, the firmness of the dipole antenna is improved under the wrapping of the filling shielding layer, and meanwhile, the end parts of the dipole antenna are placed in the connector main body to ensure the symmetry of high-frequency electromagnetic conversion of the dipole antenna; distortion of a far-field pattern caused by asymmetric current distribution is prevented.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of microwave technology, in particular to a dipole antenna connector assembly. Background Art

[0002] Dipole antenna is a type of antenna widely used in radio communication. Dipole antenna is generally fed by parallel double wire or coaxial line. When the frequency is high, coaxial line must be used for feeding. The outer conductor of the connector body is directly connected to the symmetrical antenna, which will cause imbalance.

[0003] The connector body in the existing dipole antenna connector assembly directly feeds the symmetrical antenna. When the dipole antenna is connected, part of the current flows directly to the connector body, causing unequal currents at the symmetrical points on the two arms of the antenna. This will cause asymmetric current distribution on the antenna. In this case, the input impedance of the antenna will deviate from the theoretical value. The asymmetric current distribution will cause the far-field pattern to be distorted, and the echo will cause greater cable radiation and greater cable power loss. In more serious cases, microwave devices will be damaged. The installation and fixing pins of the dipole antenna also affect the current balance of the dipole antenna, and the complicated fixing of the dipole antenna leads to high production costs. Therefore, a dipole antenna connector assembly is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the technical problem of current asymmetry in a dipole antenna connector assembly in the prior art, thereby proposing a dipole antenna connector assembly.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme: a dipole antenna connector assembly, comprising a connector body with a tubular structure, a first protrusion is arranged inside the connector body, wherein a rubber sleeve is arranged on the upper end of the first protrusion; an insulating sleeve, a filling shielding layer, a copper tube and a rubber sleeve with successively increasing diameters are installed inside the connector body, and the parasitic capacitance effect caused by the gap between the copper tube and the insulating sleeve is significantly reduced by arranging the filling shielding layer; a pin is installed at one end of the connector body, and the connector body is connected to the coaxial cable by arranging the pin; a dipole antenna and a locking nut are installed at the other end of the connector body, wherein the locking nut squeezes the end of the rubber sleeve by rotating the thread, and the rubber sleeve fixes the copper tube and the rubber sleeve by deformation; wherein one end of the dipole antenna is inserted into the interior of the connector body.

[0006] Preferably, the dipole antenna is bent and the ends of the same end are respectively arranged inside and outside the insulating sleeve, and the symmetry of the high-frequency electromagnetic conversion of the dipole antenna is increased by placing the dipole antenna inside the joint body.

[0007] Preferably, the filling shielding layer is a mesh material for shielding signals.

[0008] Preferably, the dipole antenna comprises a first antenna rod and a second antenna rod with different bending directions; wherein one end of the second antenna rod passes through the insulating sleeve and is inserted into the pin; wherein one end of the first antenna rod is located outside the insulating sleeve, and the first antenna rod is located between the insulating sleeve and the filling shielding layer.

[0009] Preferably, the upper end of the pin abuts against the end of the insulating sleeve, wherein a second protrusion is provided on the outer curved surface of the pin, and an annular insulating fixing piece and an annular insulating pad are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the second protrusion, and the annular insulating fixing piece and the annular insulating pad are used to clamp the second protrusion; wherein the end faces of the annular insulating fixing piece and the annular insulating pad abut against each other, the upper end of the annular insulating fixing piece abuts against the insulating sleeve, the lower end of the annular insulating pad abuts against the end face of the middle part of the first protrusion, and the annular insulating fixing piece is embedded in the first protrusion.

[0010] Preferably, the upper end surface of the first raised portion abuts against a top tube, the cross-section of the top tube along the axial direction is convex-shaped, an insulating sleeve is inserted in the top tube, and the upper end of the top tube abuts against the first antenna pole; the lower end surface of the top tube also abuts against an annular insulating fixing piece; the upper end of the top tube is inserted into the filling shielding layer, wherein the lower end of the filling shielding layer is bent outward to form an annular raised portion, and the bottom end of the filling shielding layer abuts against a shielding laminate, and the filling shielding layer is fixed by setting the shielding laminate; a shielding laminate is also arranged between the rubber sleeve and the locking nut.

[0011] Preferably, a bottom plate is provided at the lower end of the top tube, and the top tube is fixed by abutting the bottom plate of the top tube against the first protrusion; a bottom plate is also provided at the lower end of the filling shielding layer, and the filling shielding layer is fixed by abutting the bottom plate of the filling shielding layer against the bottom plate of the top tube; a shielding laminate is abutted between the annular protrusion of the filling shielding layer and the rubber sleeve, and the filling shielding layer is fixed by providing the shielding laminate, and the locking nut is rotated to push the upper shielding laminate to squeeze the rubber sleeve, and the lower shielding laminate, the filling shielding layer and the lower end of the top tube are fixed.

[0012] Preferably, the insulating sleeve is made of tetrafluoroethylene and is used to isolate the current of the second antenna pole.

[0013] Preferably, one end of the connector body is installed inside the cover body, and the other end of the connector body passes through the cover body and is connected to a coaxial cable.

[0014] Preferably, the first protrusion and the second protrusion are both annular structures, wherein the cross-section of the first protrusion along the center axis direction is trapezoidal structure.

[0015] Preferably, the annular insulating fixing piece is in an annular structure, and the outer curved surface abuts against the inner wall of the first protrusion.

[0016] Beneficial effects: The dipole antenna connector assembly in the present technical solution includes a connector body with a tubular structure, a pin is installed at one end of the connector body, and a dipole antenna and a locking nut are installed at the other end of the connector body, wherein the interior of the connector body is installed with an insulating sleeve, a filling shielding layer, a copper tube and a rubber sleeve with successively increasing diameters, which are used to increase the impedance to the ground and reduce the influence on the current balance of the dipole antenna; the interior of the connector body limits the embedding depth of the rubber sleeve by setting a first protrusion, wherein the copper tube is fixed by rotating the locking nut to squeeze the rubber sleeve to deform, thereby improving the firmness of the dipole antenna under the wrapping of the filling shielding layer, and reducing the influence on the current balance of the dipole antenna through assembly; wherein the ends of the dipole antenna are both placed in the connector body to ensure the symmetry of the high-frequency electromagnetic conversion of the dipole antenna, and also to prevent asymmetric current distribution from causing distortion of the far-field radiation pattern. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of a dipole antenna connector assembly proposed by the present invention; Figure 2 A front view of the dipole antenna connector assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view at AA; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of point B; Figure 5 A circuit diagram of a dipole antenna connector assembly provided by the present invention; Figure 6 It is an enlarged view of the local structure of the dipole antenna connector assembly proposed by the present invention.

[0018] Legend: 1. Cover body; 2. Connector body; 20. Trapezoidal through hole; 21. Connecting plate; 22. First protrusion; 3. Pin; 31. Second protrusion; 4. Annular insulating pad; 5. Annular insulating fixing piece; 6. Top tube; 7. Shielding laminate; 8. Rubber sleeve; 9. Copper tube; 10. Filling shielding layer; 11. Insulating sleeve; 12. First antenna pole; 13. Second antenna pole; 14. Locking nut. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention; the terms "first", "second", and "third" are only used for descriptive purposes, and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance. In addition, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal connection of two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. Embodiment 1

[0021] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a dipole antenna connector assembly, comprising a connector body 2 of a tubular structure, wherein a first protrusion 22 is disposed inside the connector body 2, wherein a rubber sleeve 8 is disposed at the upper end of the first protrusion 22; The inside of the joint body 2 is installed with an insulating sleeve 11, a filling shielding layer 10, a copper tube 9 and a rubber sleeve 8 with increasing diameters in sequence; the filling shielding layer 10 is provided to significantly reduce the parasitic capacitance effect caused by the gap between the copper tube 9 and the insulating sleeve 11, wherein the copper tube 9, the filling shielding layer 10 and the insulating sleeve 11 constitute an impedance matching part, thereby increasing the impedance to the ground; A pin 3 is installed at one end of the connector body 2, and the connector body 2 is connected to the coaxial cable by setting the pin 3; A dipole antenna and a locking nut 14 are installed at the other end of the connector body 2, wherein one end of the dipole antenna is inserted into the interior of the connector body 2; The locking nut 14 squeezes the end of the rubber sleeve 8 by rotating the thread, and the rubber sleeve 8 abuts against the inner wall of the joint body 2 through deformation, and the inner wall of the rubber sleeve 8 abuts against the copper tube 9, thereby achieving the fixation of the copper tube 9 and the rubber sleeve 8.

[0022] The rubber sleeve 8 in this embodiment is located between the first protrusion 22 and the locking nut 14, wherein the outer curved surface of the copper tube 9 is squeezed by the inner curved surface of the rubber sleeve 8 by rotating the locking nut 14, thereby achieving the fixation of the copper tube 9, and the rubber sleeve 8 is deformed to abut against the inner wall of the joint body 2, thereby achieving the horizontal fixation of the rubber sleeve 8, and the vertical direction of the rubber sleeve 8 is fixed under the pushing of the locking nut 14, and the firmness of the copper tube 9 is also ensured; wherein the copper tube 9 is also provided with a filling shielding layer 10 through the inside, and the filling shielding layer 10 is preferably a mesh material for shielding signals, and the filling shielding layer 10 is provided between the copper tube 9 and the insulating sleeve 11 to effectively prevent the parasitic capacitance effect caused by the internal gap of the copper tube 9, and increase the I3 impedance to ground, inhibit the I3 current backflow, and thus play a balanced feeding role for the dipole antenna; in this embodiment, the symmetry of the high-frequency electromagnetic conversion of the dipole antenna is increased by placing the dipole antenna inside the joint body 2, reducing the large cable radiation caused by the echo, and also reducing the cable power loss.

[0023] As a further improved embodiment, the dipole antenna is bent and the ends of the same end are respectively provided with the inside and outside of the insulating sleeve 11; therefore, the insulating sleeve 11 is used to isolate the dipole antenna. The dipole antenna in this embodiment is composed of a pair of symmetrically placed conductors. Embodiment 2

[0024] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 , this embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the dipole antenna comprises a first antenna rod 12 and a second antenna rod 13 having different bending directions; One end of the second antenna rod 13 passes through the insulating sleeve 11 and is inserted into the pin 3, so the second antenna rod 13 and the pin 3 are connected; one end of the first antenna rod 12 is located outside the insulating sleeve 11, and the first antenna rod 12 is located between the insulating sleeve 11 and the filling shielding layer 10; The upper end of the plug pin 3 abuts against the end of the insulating sleeve 11, wherein a second protrusion 31 is provided on the outer curved surface of the plug pin 3, and an annular insulating fixing member 5 and an annular insulating pad 4 are respectively provided at the upper and lower ends of the second protrusion 31, and the annular insulating fixing member 5 and the annular insulating pad 4 are used to clamp the second protrusion 31; that is, the annular insulating fixing member 5 is located above the annular insulating pad 4. In this embodiment, the second protrusion 31 and the plug pin 3 are connected in an integrated manner.

[0025] The end faces of the annular insulating fixing piece 5 and the annular insulating gasket 4 abut against each other, the upper end of the annular insulating fixing piece 5 abuts against the insulating sleeve 11, and the lower end of the annular insulating gasket 4 abuts against the end face of the middle part of the first protrusion 22; the outer diameters of the annular insulating gasket 4 and the annular insulating fixing piece 5 are the same, and the annular insulating fixing piece 5 is embedded in the first protrusion 22; that is, the inner diameter of the middle part of the first protrusion 22 is the minimum inner diameter of the first protrusion 22.

[0026] In this embodiment, the second antenna pole 13 is inserted into one end of the pin 3, so that the second antenna pole 13 and the pin 3 are connected to each other, wherein the insulating sleeve 11 is used to sleeve the second antenna pole 13, and the insulating sleeve 11 is fixed in the copper tube 9 by setting the filling shielding layer 10, wherein the second antenna pole 13 is also inserted into the pin 3, wherein the pin 3 is fixed inside the joint body 2 through the annular insulating pad 4 and the annular insulating fixing member 5, and the pin 3 is inserted into the annular insulating pad 4 and the annular insulating fixing member 5, thereby indirectly improving the structural stability of the second antenna pole 13 and preventing the signal output of the second antenna pole 13 from being unstable; wherein the first antenna pole 12 is inserted between the insulating sleeve 11 and the filling shielding layer 10, significantly improving the stability of the first antenna pole 12, and extending the vertical section of the first antenna pole 12 downward to the inside of the joint body 2, thereby increasing the symmetry of high-frequency electromagnetic conversion between the first antenna pole 12 and the second antenna pole 13. Embodiment 3

[0027] Reference Figure 1-Figure 6 The difference between this embodiment and the second embodiment is that the upper end surface of the first protrusion 22 is in contact with the top tube 6, and the cross section of the top tube 6 along the axial direction is in a convex shape; that is, a bottom plate is provided at the lower end of the top tube 6, and the top tube 6 is fixed by contacting the bottom plate of the top tube 6 with the first protrusion 22; An insulating sleeve 11 is inserted into the top tube 6, and the upper end of the top tube 6 abuts against the first antenna rod 12 to prevent the first antenna rod 12 from extending excessively downward; The lower end surface of the top cylinder 6 is also in contact with the annular insulating fixing member 5 to prevent the annular insulating fixing member 5 from loosening; The upper end of the top tube 6 is inserted into the filling shielding layer 10, wherein the lower end of the filling shielding layer 10 is bent outward to form an annular protrusion; that is, the lower end of the filling shielding layer 10 is also provided with a bottom plate, and the filling shielding layer 10 is fixed by abutting the bottom plate of the filling shielding layer 10 against the bottom plate of the top tube 6. The bottom end of the filling shielding layer 10 is in contact with the shielding laminate 7, that is, the annular protrusion of the filling shielding layer 10 and the rubber sleeve 8 are in contact with the shielding laminate 7; the shielding laminate 7 is provided to fix the filling shielding layer 10, prevent deformation at the bending part of the filling shielding layer 10, and limit the insertion depth of the copper tube 9; A shielding laminate sheet 7 is also provided between the rubber sleeve 8 and the locking nut 14. The shielding laminate sheet 7 can significantly reduce the requirements on the side wall size of the locking nut 14, and the middle of the rubber sleeve 8 can be fixed to the copper tube 9 by deformation through the shielding laminate sheet 7. The locking nut 14 is rotated to push the upper shielding laminate sheet 7 to squeeze the rubber sleeve 8, and fix the lower shielding laminate sheet 7, the filling shielding layer 10 and the lower end of the top tube 6.

[0028] In this embodiment, a top tube 6 is provided inside the joint body 2 to limit the downward extension depth of the first antenna rod 12, thereby controlling the symmetry of high-frequency electromagnetic conversion between the first antenna rod 12 and the second antenna rod 13. The symmetry of high-frequency electromagnetic conversion also requires the firmness of the copper tube 9. By arranging shielding laminated sheets 7 at the upper and lower ends of the rubber sleeve 8, respectively, the rubber sleeve 8 is squeezed when the locking nut 14 is rotated. The rubber sleeve 8 is deformed so that its curved surface abuts against the outer curved surface of the copper tube 9, thereby improving the firmness of the copper tube 9. At the same time, the shielding laminated sheet 7 below is squeezed against the bottom plate of the filling shielding layer 10 to prevent the lower end of the filling shielding layer 10 from loosening, thereby indirectly reducing the influence on the firmness of the insulating sleeve 11 and the copper tube 9; wherein the lower end of the first antenna pole 12 abuts against the top tube 6, and the lower end of the second antenna pole 13 abuts against the pin 3, and the firmness of the first antenna pole 12 and the second antenna pole 13 is improved under the axial limit of the insulating sleeve 11 and the filling shielding layer 10, thereby ensuring the symmetry of the high-frequency electromagnetic conversion between the first antenna pole 12 and the second antenna pole 13.

[0029] As a further improved embodiment, the insulating sleeve 11 is made of tetrafluoroethylene and is used to isolate the current of the second antenna pole 13 and ensure the symmetry of high-frequency electromagnetic conversion between the first antenna pole 12 and the second antenna pole 13 .

[0030] As a further improved embodiment, one end of the connector body 2 is installed inside the cover body 1, and the other end of the connector body 2 passes through the cover body 1 and is connected to a coaxial cable; A connecting plate 21 is connected to the outer curved surface of the joint body 2 . The connecting plate 21 abuts against the end surface of the cover body 1 , and the connecting plate 21 is fixed to the outer side of the cover body 1 .

[0031] As a further improved embodiment, the first protrusion 22 and the second protrusion 31 are both annular structures, wherein the cross-section of the first protrusion 22 along the central axis direction is a trapezoidal structure, wherein the first protrusion 22 and the joint body 2 are integrally connected, and therefore a trapezoidal through hole 20 is provided at the end of the joint body 2.

[0032] As a further improved embodiment, the annular insulating fixing member 5 is annular in structure, and the outer curved surface abuts against the inner wall of the first protrusion 22 to prevent the horizontal position of the pin 3 from being offset.

[0033] Finally, it should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dipole antenna connector assembly, characterized in that: The invention comprises a connector body (2) having a tubular structure, wherein a first protrusion (22) is provided inside the connector body (2), wherein a rubber sleeve (8) is provided at the upper end of the first protrusion (22); an insulating sleeve (11), a filling shielding layer (10), a copper tube (9) and a rubber sleeve (8) with successively increasing diameters are installed inside the connector body (2), and the parasitic capacitance effect caused by the gap between the copper tube (9) and the insulating sleeve (11) is significantly reduced by providing the filling shielding layer (10); a pin (3) is installed at one end of the connector body (2), and the connector body (2) is connected to the coaxial cable by providing the pin (3); a dipole antenna and a locking nut (14) are installed at the other end of the connector body (2), wherein the locking nut (14) squeezes the end of the rubber sleeve (8) by screw rotation, and the rubber sleeve (8) is fixed to the copper tube (9) and the rubber sleeve (8) by deformation; wherein one end of the dipole antenna is inserted into the interior of the connector body (2).

2. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The dipole antenna is bent and formed, and the ends of the same end are respectively provided inside and outside the insulating sleeve (11). By placing the dipole antenna inside the connector body (2), the symmetry of the high-frequency electromagnetic conversion of the dipole antenna is increased.

3. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 1, wherein: The filling shielding layer (10) is a mesh material for shielding signals.

4. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dipole antenna comprises a first antenna rod (12) and a second antenna rod (13) having different bending directions; one end of the second antenna rod (13) passes through the insulating sleeve (11) and is plugged into the pin (3); one end of the first antenna rod (12) is located outside the insulating sleeve (11), and the first antenna rod (12) is located between the insulating sleeve (11) and the filling shielding layer (10).

5. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 4, wherein: The upper end of the plug pin (3) abuts against the end of the insulating sleeve (11), wherein a second protrusion (31) is provided on the outer curved surface of the plug pin (3), and an annular insulating fixing member (5) and an annular insulating pad (4) are provided at the upper and lower ends of the second protrusion (31), respectively, and the annular insulating fixing member (5) and the annular insulating pad (4) are used to clamp the second protrusion (31); wherein the end faces of the annular insulating fixing member (5) and the annular insulating pad (4) abut against each other, the upper end of the annular insulating fixing member (5) abuts against the insulating sleeve (11), and the lower end of the annular insulating pad (4) abuts against the end face of the middle part of the first protrusion (22), and the annular insulating fixing member (5) is embedded in the first protrusion (22).

6. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 5, wherein: The upper end face of the first protrusion (22) abuts against a top tube (6), and the cross-section of the top tube (6) along the axial direction is convex-shaped. An insulating sleeve (11) is inserted into the top tube (6), and the upper end of the top tube (6) abuts against a first antenna rod (12); the lower end face of the top tube (6) also abuts against an annular insulating fixing member (5); the upper end of the top tube (6) is inserted into the filling shielding layer (10), wherein the lower end of the filling shielding layer (10) is bent outward to form an annular protrusion, and the bottom end of the filling shielding layer (10) abuts against a shielding laminate (7), and the filling shielding layer (10) is fixed by setting the shielding laminate (7); a shielding laminate (7) is also provided between the rubber sleeve (8) and the locking nut (14).

7. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 6, wherein: The lower end of the top tube (6) is provided with a bottom plate, and the top tube (6) is fixed by abutting the bottom plate of the top tube (6) against the first protrusion (22); the lower end of the filling shielding layer (10) is also provided with a bottom plate, and the filling shielding layer (10) is fixed by abutting the bottom plate of the filling shielding layer (10) against the bottom plate of the top tube (6); a shielding laminate (7) is abutted between the annular protrusion of the filling shielding layer (10) and the rubber sleeve (8), and the filling shielding layer (10) is fixed by providing the shielding laminate (7), and the locking nut (14) is rotated to push the upper shielding laminate (7) to squeeze the rubber sleeve (8), and fix the lower shielding laminate (7), the filling shielding layer (10) and the lower end of the top tube (6).

8. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 4, wherein: The insulating sleeve (11) is made of tetrafluoroethylene and is used to isolate the current of the second antenna pole (13).

9. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: One end of the connector body (2) is installed inside the cover body (1), and the other end of the connector body (2) passes through the cover body (1) and is connected to a coaxial cable.

10. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 5, wherein: The first raised portion (22) and the second raised portion (31) are both annular structures, wherein the cross-section of the first raised portion (22) along the central axis direction is a trapezoidal structure.

11. The dipole antenna connector assembly according to claim 5, wherein: The annular insulating fixing piece (5) is annular in structure, and its outer curved surface abuts against the inner wall of the first raised portion (22).

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