Immunity-enhancing black ginseng and processing method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to a process for processing black ginseng by using American ginseng and application of the black ginseng in enhancing immunity, and overcomes the defects of an American ginseng black ginseng processing process in the prior art, especially the defects of American ginseng black ginseng for enhancing the immunity in the prior art. According to the American ginseng black ginseng processed by the technology, the content of various effective substances is increased, and the effect of enhancing immunity is also remarkably improved through verification.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of black ginseng processing, and in particular to a process for processing black ginseng using American ginseng and an application of the process in enhancing immunity. Background Art

[0002] As the pace of modern life accelerates, people are facing more and more health challenges, among which the maintenance of immunity has become the focus of public attention. In the current changing environment, it is particularly important to enhance immunity. Immunity is the body's own defense mechanism, which can help us resist foreign pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, etc., and protect us from diseases. With the change of seasons, especially in autumn and winter, influenza and other respiratory diseases are more common. A strong immune system can help us better resist the invasion of these diseases.

[0003] The application of Chinese medicine products in enhancing immunity is based on the principle of "positive energy is stored inside, and evil cannot interfere" in traditional Chinese medicine theory. It strengthens "positive energy" by regulating the balance of yin and yang in the human body, thereby improving immunity. Commonly used Chinese medicinal materials include astragalus, ginseng, American ginseng, ganoderma lucidum, dendrobium, wolfberry, donkey-hide gelatin, polygonatum, etc. These medicinal materials contain a variety of active ingredients, such as polysaccharides, saponins, alkaloids, etc., which can enhance the function of immune cells, adjust immune responses, and improve the overall state of the immune system.

[0004] Black ginseng is a specially processed product with very high requirements for raw materials. It must be fresh ginseng without pesticide residues, fertilizers, or additives. Usually, forest ginseng or ginseng without residues is used as the raw material. The processing technology of black ginseng includes multiple steps such as cleaning, punching, soaking, steaming, fermentation, and drying. Among them, steaming and fermentation are the key steps in forming the unique chemical composition of black ginseng. Through the traditional process of nine steaming and nine drying, that is, repeated steaming and drying, the ginsenosides in black ginseng will change to form some rare ginsenosides, such as Rg3, Rk1, etc. These ingredients have significant effects in improving human immunity, anti-fatigue, improving sleep, promoting blood circulation, and anti-aging.

[0005] American ginseng is a precious medicinal material with the effects of replenishing qi and nourishing yin, clearing away heat and promoting body fluid. In the process of processing into black ginseng, a series of process steps can be used to further transform and enhance the effective ingredients such as ginsenosides. However, at present, there is no unified standard for using American ginseng to process black ginseng, and the prepared American ginseng and black ginseng vary greatly.

[0006] The present invention aims to solve the deficiencies in the prior art. American ginseng is used to prepare black ginseng through a specific processing technology. The prepared black ginseng not only has increased contents of various effective substances, but also has been proven to have significantly improved immunity-enhancing effects. Summary of the invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the processing technology of American ginseng and black ginseng in the prior art, especially the shortcomings of the American ginseng and black ginseng in the prior art for improving immunity, and to provide a new processing technology of American ginseng and black ginseng. The American ginseng and black ginseng processed by this technology not only has increased content of various effective substances, but also has been verified to have significantly improved efficacy in enhancing immunity.

[0008] The main active ingredients of American ginseng are: Saponins: including various ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rg1, Re, Rc, Rg3, etc., which have the effects of enhancing immunity, resisting fatigue, and improving cardiovascular and cerebrovascular functions.

[0009] Polysaccharides: have multiple biological activities such as immune regulation, anti-tumor and anti-oxidation.

[0010] Volatile oils: mainly sesquiterpenoids, such as β-farnesene.

[0011] Amino acids: Contains a variety of amino acids, which are beneficial to maintaining normal physiological functions of the human body.

[0012] Other ingredients: including vitamins, trace elements such as iron, zinc, calcium, etc.

[0013] The main pharmacological effects of American ginseng: Enhance the function of the central nervous system: Saponins in American ginseng can effectively enhance the central nervous system, achieve the effects of calming the mind, eliminating fatigue, and enhancing memory.

[0014] Protect the cardiovascular system: It has the effects of anti-arrhythmia, anti-myocardial ischemia, anti-myocardial oxidation, and strengthening myocardial contractility.

[0015] Improve immunity: It can promote serum protein synthesis, bone marrow protein synthesis, organ protein synthesis, etc., and improve the body's immunity.

[0016] Promote blood vitality: reduce blood coagulability, inhibit platelet aggregation, resist atherosclerosis and promote red blood cell growth.

[0017] Treatment of diabetes: It can lower blood sugar, regulate insulin secretion, and promote sugar metabolism and fat metabolism.

[0018] The processing method of American ginseng and black ginseng provided by the present invention is as follows: A method for processing American ginseng and black ginseng comprises the following preparation processes: the American ginseng is washed, dried, steamed twice and dried twice.

[0019] Furthermore, the cleaning is performed using a large amount of clean water until there is no impurity on the surface.

[0020] Furthermore, the cleaned American ginseng is dried in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no trace of water on the surface.

[0021] Furthermore, the dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time. The method for the first steaming is: gradually increasing the temperature, with the starting temperature being 30°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is increased to 50°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is increased to 70°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is finally increased to 100°C and steamed for 6 hours.

[0022] Furthermore, the first drying is performed using a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30-40° C., and the drying time is 5-8 hours.

[0023] Furthermore, the American ginseng is steamed for the second time. The second steaming method is: gradually increase the temperature, with the initial temperature being 50° C., and after steaming for 2 hours, increase the temperature to 80° C. and steam for 5 hours.

[0024] Furthermore, the second drying uses reduced pressure drying, wherein the drying temperature is 25-30° C. and the drying time is 3-5 hours.

[0025] The processing method of American ginseng and black ginseng provided by the present invention is: S1: American ginseng cleaning steps Use plenty of clean water to wash the American ginseng until there is no impurity on the surface; S2: American ginseng drying step Dry the cleaned American ginseng in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no water on the surface. S3: First steaming The dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time. The method for the first steaming is: gradually increasing the temperature, starting at 30°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 50°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 70°C, steaming for 2 hours, finally increasing the temperature to 100°C, and steaming for 6 hours; S4: First drying The first drying is carried out in a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30-40°C and the drying time is 5-8 hours; S5: Second steaming The second steaming of American ginseng is as follows: gradually increase the temperature, with the starting temperature being 50°C. After steaming for 2 hours, increase the temperature to 80°C and steam for 5 hours.

[0026] S6: Second drying The second drying uses reduced pressure drying, wherein the drying temperature is 25-30° C. and the drying time is 3-5 hours to prepare American ginseng black ginseng.

[0027] The beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1) The gradual increase in temperature during the steaming process buffers the loss of active ingredients in American ginseng due to high temperature, and retains active ingredients such as polysaccharides and saponins that are easily decomposed and denatured at high temperatures to a great extent, allowing the active ingredients to be accumulated.

[0028] 2) The number of steaming and drying times was screened, and the optimal method for preparing black ginseng from American ginseng was discovered, which not only saved the time and steps of nine steaming and nine processing steps, but also ensured the maximum value of the effective ingredients (polysaccharides, saponins, etc.) in American ginseng and black ginseng.

[0029] 3) It has been verified that the American ginseng and black ginseng prepared in the present application has a significantly improved effect of enhancing immunity compared with American ginseng and other American ginseng and black ginseng. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 The total saponin content of the American ginseng or American ginseng black ginseng prepared in Examples 1-6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention is further described below by specific examples and comparative examples. However, it should be understood that these examples and comparative examples are only used for more detailed and specific description and should not be construed as limiting the present invention in any form. Example

[0032] The processing method of American ginseng and black ginseng provided by the present invention is: S1: American ginseng cleaning steps Use plenty of clean water to wash the American ginseng until there is no impurity on the surface; S2: American ginseng drying step Dry the cleaned American ginseng in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no water on the surface. S3: First steaming The dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time. The method for the first steaming is: gradually increasing the temperature, starting at 30°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 50°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 70°C, steaming for 2 hours, finally increasing the temperature to 100°C, and steaming for 6 hours; S4: First drying The first drying is carried out in a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30°C and the drying time is 6 hours; S5: Second steaming The second steaming of American ginseng is as follows: gradually increasing the temperature, starting at 50°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 80°C and steaming for 5 hours; S6: Second drying The second drying was performed by reduced pressure drying, wherein the drying temperature was 25° C. and the drying time was 4 hours, thereby preparing American ginseng black ginseng.

[0033] Example 2: Unprocessed American ginseng was used.

[0034] The preparation method of Example 3 is as follows: S1: American ginseng cleaning steps Use plenty of clean water to wash the American ginseng until there is no impurity on the surface; S2: American ginseng drying step Dry the cleaned American ginseng in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no water on the surface. S3: First steaming The dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time at 100°C for 12 hours; S4: First drying The first drying is carried out in a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30°C and the drying time is 6 hours; S5: Second steaming The second steaming of American ginseng is as follows: steaming at 80°C for 7 hours; S6: Second drying The second drying was performed by reduced pressure drying, wherein the drying temperature was 25° C. and the drying time was 4 hours, thereby preparing American ginseng black ginseng.

[0035] The preparation method of Example 4 is as follows: S1: American ginseng cleaning steps Use plenty of clean water to wash the American ginseng until there is no impurity on the surface; S2: American ginseng drying step Dry the cleaned American ginseng in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no water on the surface. S3: First steaming The dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time. The method for the first steaming is: gradually increasing the temperature, starting at 30°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 50°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 70°C, steaming for 2 hours, finally increasing the temperature to 100°C, and steaming for 6 hours; S4: First drying The first drying is performed using a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30° C. and the drying time is 6 hours, thereby preparing American ginseng black ginseng.

[0036] Example 5: Based on Experimental Example 1, the three-steaming and three-processing method is used, that is, the following steps are added: S7: The third steaming The third steaming of American ginseng is as follows: gradually increasing the temperature, starting at 50°C, steaming for 2 hours, then increasing the temperature to 80°C and steaming for 5 hours; S8: Third drying The third drying was performed by reduced pressure drying, wherein the drying temperature was 25° C. and the drying time was 4 hours, thereby preparing American ginseng black ginseng.

[0037] Example 6: Using the traditional nine-steaming and nine-drying method Wash and dry the American ginseng, put it into a steamer, steam it at 100° C. for 6 hours, and then dry it at 30° C. Repeat the above steps 9 times to obtain the nine-steamed and nine-dried American ginseng black ginseng.

[0038] The preparation processes of the above embodiments, control examples and comparative examples are simplified as shown in Table 1: Table 1:

[0039] Immunity enhancement experiment: The following animal experiments were commissioned to be completed by the Pharmacology Laboratory of the School of Pharmacy of Yantai University.

[0040] Experiment 1: Using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the total saponin content of American ginseng or American ginseng black ginseng prepared in Examples 1-6 of the present invention was determined. The results are shown in Table 2 and Figure 1 .

[0041] Table 2: Total saponin content of each example (%)

[0042] Note: The above determination does not distinguish the types of saponins. It is known in the art that after processing, the types of total saponins are different from those before processing.

[0043] It can be seen that, according to the comparison between Examples 1, 3-6 and Example 2, the total saponin content of the processed American ginseng and black ginseng is higher than that of the unprocessed American ginseng.

[0044] Furthermore, according to the data of Example 6, it can be seen that the traditional nine-steaming and nine-drying treatment method can increase the content of total saponins, but this method is time-consuming and labor-intensive, and the degree of increase in total saponins is lower than that of other black ginseng groups.

[0045] The total saponin content of the American ginseng and black ginseng (Examples 1, 4, and 5) obtained by gradually increasing the temperature was higher than that of Example 3 in which the gradual increasing temperature was not used.

[0046] Among them, the total saponin content of the American ginseng black ginseng obtained by twice steaming and twice drying (Example 1) is higher than that of the American ginseng black ginseng obtained by once steaming and once drying (Example 4) and three times steaming and three times drying (Example 5).

[0047] Test 2: Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) The relevant requirements and steps of the immunity enhancement experiment are evaluated in accordance with the requirements of the Functional Testing and Evaluation Methods for Health Foods (2023 Edition).

[0048] Experimental selection: KM mice, SPF grade, half male and half female, a total of 70 mice, with a body weight between 20g±2g, were randomly divided into 7 groups, with 10 mice in each group.

[0049] Preparation of experimental samples: Grind the American ginseng or American ginseng black ginseng of the above experimental examples, control examples and comparative examples into powder and pass through a 300-mesh sieve. Take 0.2g of the powder prepared in the experimental example, control example and comparative example, a total of 6 portions, dissolve in 10ml of pure water and set aside; at the same time, use 10ml of normal saline for the normal saline group. Gavage administration, once in the morning and evening every day, for one month.

[0050] Sensitization: The above mice were immunized with 2% (v / v) SRBC by intraperitoneal injection, with each mouse being injected with 0.2 mL.

[0051] Production and determination of DTH: Five days after immunization, the thickness of the left hind foot was measured, and then 20% (v / v) SRBC was injected subcutaneously at the measurement site, 20 μL (about 1×10 8 SRBC) was injected and the thickness of the left hind foot was measured 24 hours after injection. The same part was measured three times and the average value was taken. The difference in the thickness of the foot before and after the attack represented the degree of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH). The experimental results are shown in Table 2.

[0052] Table 2 Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) in each group (x̄±SD, n=10)

[0053] in, Indicates a significant difference compared with the saline group, P < 0.05; # Indicates that there is an extremely significant difference compared with the saline group, P<0.01; & Compared with Example 5, there is a significant difference (P<0.05).

[0054] It is known in the art that the immune-enhancing components in American ginseng are mainly saponins and polysaccharides. As shown in Table 2, Example 1 has a significant difference compared with the saline group (P<0.05), which can indicate that American ginseng itself has the effect of enhancing immunity; and Examples 1, 3-6 have extremely significant differences compared with the saline group (P<0.01), indicating that the immune-enhancing effect of the black ginseng obtained from the processed American ginseng is stronger than that of the unprocessed American ginseng. Compared with Example 5, Example 1 has a significant difference (P<0.05), indicating that Example 1 has the strongest immune-enhancing effect, and also indicating that the content of immune-enhancing components such as saponins and polysaccharides in the American ginseng black ginseng prepared in Example 1 is the highest.

[0055] It can be seen that the content of immune-enhancing ingredients in the American ginseng and black ginseng obtained by the preparation process of Example 1 is the highest, that is, for the preparation of American ginseng and black ginseng, the American ginseng and black ginseng obtained after the American ginseng is washed, dried, steamed twice and dried twice has the strongest effect of enhancing immunity.

[0056] Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art may implement modifications and variations to the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that the aspects of the various embodiments may be interchangeable in whole or in part. The foregoing description is exemplary only and is not intended to limit the present invention further described in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A method for processing American ginseng and black ginseng, the preparation process of which is as follows: the American ginseng is subjected to a process of washing, drying, steaming twice and drying twice.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cleaning is performed using a large amount of clean water until there is no impurity on the surface.

3. The processing method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: Dry the cleaned American ginseng in a shaded and ventilated place until there is no trace of water on the surface.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The dried American ginseng is steamed for the first time. The method for the first steaming is: gradually increase the temperature. The starting temperature is 30°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is increased to 50°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is increased to 70°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature is finally increased to 100°C and steamed for 6 hours.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first drying is carried out in a drying oven, wherein the drying temperature is 30-40° C. and the drying time is 5-8 hours.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The American ginseng was steamed for the second time. The method for the second steaming was as follows: gradually increasing the temperature, with the initial temperature being 50°C. After steaming for 2 hours, the temperature was increased to 80°C and steamed for 5 hours.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The second drying is carried out under reduced pressure, wherein the drying temperature is 25-30° C. and the drying time is 3-5 hours.

8. American ginseng and black ginseng prepared by the method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. Use of the American ginseng and black ginseng according to claim 8 in the preparation of medicines, health medicines or health foods for enhancing immunity.

Images