A high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna

Abstract

The application discloses a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna, which comprises a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator and a second radiator printed on the front of the dielectric substrate; and a feed gap exists between the first radiator and the second radiator. The application realizes twice accurate impedance matching through the first radiator, realizes higher impedance bandwidth, and improves the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna. In addition, the first radiation patch of the first radiator adopts a trident-shaped design, which provides the antenna with unique radiation modes and performance, and helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna. Through the specific layout of the first radiator and the second radiator, uniform current distribution in the working frequency band is realized, and the antenna is endowed with omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which is crucial for the communication of the unmanned aerial vehicle in various directions.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of antennas, and particularly relates to a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the rapid development of unmanned aerial vehicle technology, unmanned aerial vehicle antennas play an increasingly important role in unmanned aerial vehicle systems. The performance of unmanned aerial vehicle antennas is directly related to the communication quality, data transmission rate, and overall system stability and reliability of unmanned aerial vehicles. Under the current technical background, the design of unmanned aerial vehicle antennas faces a series of challenges, including how to achieve wide bandwidth while ensuring high gain, and how to achieve miniaturization and efficient heat dissipation while meeting performance requirements. High gain can ensure the signal strength and penetration of unmanned aerial vehicles, and still maintain clear communication across long distances; wide bandwidth supports high-speed, unobstructed data flow of unmanned aerial vehicles, meeting the growing demand for real-time information transmission.

[0003] Currently, there are some limitations in the design of unmanned aerial vehicle antennas. On the one hand, high-gain antennas often cannot provide ultra-wide bandwidth, which limits the communication capability and data transmission rate of unmanned aerial vehicles in complex environments. On the other hand, although there are some ultra-wideband antenna designs, they often sacrifice gain, affecting communication distance and signal quality. In addition, unmanned aerial vehicle antennas also need to have good heat dissipation performance and compact size to adapt to the lightweight and space limitations of unmanned aerial vehicles.

[0004] Therefore, the present application designs a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna, aiming to achieve the perfect combination of high gain and ultra-wide bandwidth, while having the characteristics of miniaturization and efficient heat dissipation. SUMMARY

[0005] The purpose of the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna

[0006] The present application is realized as follows: a high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna includes a dielectric substrate, and a first radiator and a second radiator printed on the front of the dielectric substrate; there is a feed gap between the first radiator and the second radiator;

[0007] The first radiator is an integral structure, which includes a first radiation patch, a second radiation patch, a third radiation patch, and a fourth radiation patch connected in sequence;

[0008] The first radiation patch includes a first radiation branch, a second radiation branch, and a third radiation branch, and the third radiation branch is located at the middle position of the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch;

[0009] The second radiation patch and the fourth radiation patch are both multi-stage stepped structures;

[0010] The third radiation patch is an isosceles trapezoidal patch, and the long bottom edge thereof faces the second radiation patch;

[0011] The second radiator comprises a fourth radiation branch, a fifth radiation branch, and a sixth radiation branch; the fourth radiation branch and the sixth radiation branch are structurally identical and axially symmetric about the central axis of the fifth radiation branch in the length direction;

[0012] As a priority, the first radiation branch is a one-piece structure comprising a first sub-branch, a second sub-branch, and a third sub-branch connected in sequence; the first sub-branch is directed away from the second radiation patch, and has a structure similar to a right-angled triangle with the hypotenuse directed away from the third radiation branch; the second sub-branch is a rectangular structure, and one long side thereof coincides with the right angle side of the first sub-branch; and the third sub-branch is a rectangular structure, and has a long side smaller than that of the second sub-branch and located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch;

[0013] The second radiation branch is structurally identical to the first radiation branch and axially symmetric about the central axis of the third radiation branch in the length direction;

[0014] The third radiation branch is a one-piece structure comprising a top branch, a first rectangular branch, a second rectangular branch, and a connecting branch; the connecting branch is connected to the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch at two sides thereof, and connected to one end of the second rectangular branch at the front end, and connected to one end of the first rectangular branch at the other end of the second rectangular branch, and connected to the top branch at the other end of the first rectangular branch; and the top branch is a triangle with the tip directed forward;

[0015] As a priority, the second rectangular branch has a width greater than that of the first rectangular branch;

[0016] As a priority, the second rectangular branch has a spacing from the first radiation branch and the second radiation branch, and has a length identical to that of the first sub-branch;

[0017] As a priority, in the direction from the first radiation patch to the fourth radiation patch, the width ratio of each step of the multi-step ladder structure of the second radiation patch is 5:3:2:1:5.

[0018] As a priority, in the direction from the first radiation patch to the fourth radiation patch, the width ratio of each step of the multi-step ladder structure of the fourth radiation patch is 3:2:1.

[0019] As a priority, the fourth radiation branch comprises a side branch and a thin branch; the side branch is located at the outer side, and the thin branch is connected to the side branch at two ends thereof and forms a rectangular gap therebetween;

[0020] As a priority, the front end of the side branch is a quadrilateral, and the side close to the first radiator forms an angle with the width direction of the dielectric substrate.

[0021] As a priority, the side branch close to the first radiator is parallel to the side waist of the isosceles trapezoidal third radiation patch.

[0022] As a priority, the fifth radiation branch is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch and the sixth radiation branch, and the front end thereof is aligned with the fourth radiation patch.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present application are:

[0024] 1) The present application realizes twice impedance matching through the first radiator: the first matching is realized through the fourth radiation patch, ensuring the gradual transition of impedance from the feed point to the top of the antenna; the second matching is realized through the second radiation patch, improving the efficiency and signal transmission quality of the antenna. Through twice impedance matching, the antenna design of the present patent realizes higher impedance bandwidth, which means that the antenna can work in a wider frequency range, improving the adaptability and flexibility of the antenna.

[0025] In addition, the first radiation patch of the first radiator adopts a trident design, providing the antenna with a unique radiation pattern and performance, which helps to improve the gain and directivity of the antenna.

[0026] The second radiator of the present application adopts a transversely expanded manner, effectively reducing the longitudinal distribution, thereby reducing the overall size of the antenna while maintaining the performance of the antenna, making the antenna more suitable for unmanned aerial vehicle platforms with limited space.

[0027] Therefore, through the specific layout of the first radiator and the second radiator, uniform current distribution within the working frequency band is realized, giving the antenna omnidirectional radiation characteristics, which is crucial for the communication of unmanned aerial vehicles in various directions.

[0028] 2) The oblique radiation arm design between the second radiator and the first radiator reduces the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiators by precisely controlling the distance and oblique angle between the two arms, which helps to expand the working bandwidth of the antenna, improve the overall efficiency of the antenna, and improve the isolation of the antenna. This has important significance for avoiding signal interference and improving communication quality.

[0029] In summary, the antenna of the present application realizes high gain, wide bandwidth, omnidirectional radiation and high isolation while maintaining miniaturization, providing high-performance communication capabilities and comprehensively improving the comprehensive performance of the unmanned aerial vehicle antenna. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0030] To more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 This is the S11 parameter diagram of the high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 This is a 2D radiation pattern of a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] The diagram is labeled as follows: 1. First radiator; 11. First radiating patch; 111. First radiating branch; 1111. First sub-branch; 1112. Second sub-branch; 1113. Third sub-branch; 112. Second radiating branch; 113. Third radiating branch; 1131. Top branch; 1132. First rectangular branch; 1133. Second rectangular branch; 1134. Connecting branch; 12. Second radiating patch; 13. Third radiating patch; 14. Fourth radiating patch; 2. Second radiator; 21. Fourth radiating branch; 211. Side branch; 212. Small branch; 22. Fifth radiating branch; 23. Sixth radiating branch. Detailed Implementation

[0035] The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, an embodiment of the present invention provides a high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna, including a dielectric substrate and a first radiator 1 and a second radiator 2 printed on the front side of the dielectric substrate; there is a feeding gap between the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2; the width of the feeding gap is 3-4mm, and the gap is used to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiating arms and improve the antenna isolation.

[0037] The dielectric substrate material is FR-4 with a thickness of 0.6 mm.

[0038] The first radiator 1 is an integrally formed structure, which includes a first radiating patch 11, a second radiating patch 12, a third radiating patch 13, and a fourth radiating patch 14 connected sequentially from top to bottom;

[0039] The first radiation patch 11 comprises a first radiation branch 111, a second radiation branch 112, and a third radiation branch 113 located between the first radiation branch 111 and the second radiation branch 112.

[0040] The first radiation branch 111 is a trident structure of an integral forming structure, which has a gradually narrowing trend from bottom to top as a whole, a total length of 33-34 mm, and a maximum width of 13-14 mm; and specifically comprises a first sub-branch 1111, a second sub-branch 1112, and a third sub-branch 1113 connected in sequence.

[0041] The first sub-branch 1111 is directed away from the second radiation patch 12, and has a structure of a right triangle with an oblique side directed away from the third radiation branch 113; the oblique side of the right triangle of the first sub-branch 1111 has a linear change with two different slopes: the angle of the first segment of the oblique side (the angle with the horizontal line of the medium substrate width is 60-61°) is greater than the angle of the second segment of the oblique side (the angle with the horizontal line of the medium substrate width is 39-40°).

[0042] The rear end of the radiation branch 11 has a radiation branch approximately in the shape of a square.

[0043] The second sub-branch 1112 has a rectangular structure, and one long side of the second sub-branch 1112 coincides with the right angle side of the first sub-branch 1111.

[0044] The third sub-branch 1113 has a rectangular structure, and the long side of the third sub-branch 1113 is smaller than the long side of the second sub-branch 1112 and is located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch 1112; the third sub-branch 1113 has a length of 3-4 mm and a width of 3-4 mm.

[0045] The second radiation branch 112 has the same structure as the first radiation branch 111 and is axially symmetrical about the central axis of the third radiation branch 113 in the length direction; the central axis of the third radiation branch 113 in the length direction is located on the central axis of the first radiation patch 11. The third radiation branch 113 has a rectangular structure with a length of 22-24 mm and a width of 1.5-1.7 mm relative to the second radiation branch 112 and the first radiation branch 111.

[0046] The third radiation branch 113 is a one-piece structure, including a top branch 1131, a first rectangular branch 1132, a second rectangular branch 1133, and a connecting branch 1134; the connecting branch 1134 is connected to the first radiation branch 111 and the second radiation branch 112 at two sides respectively, and connected to one end of the second rectangular branch 1133 at a front end, connected to one end of the first rectangular branch 1132 at the other end of the second rectangular branch 1133, and connected to the top branch 1131 at the other end of the first rectangular branch 1132; the top branch 1131 is an equilateral triangle with a side length of 5-6 mm, and the tip thereof faces forward;

[0047] The width of the second rectangular branch 1133 is greater than that of the first rectangular branch 1132; the width of the first rectangular branch 1132 is 1.5-1.6 mm, and the length thereof is 2.2-2.3 mm; the length of the second rectangular branch 1133 is 23-24 mm, and the width thereof is 2.8-3 mm.

[0048] The first rectangular branch 1132 has a spacing with the first radiation branch 111 and the second radiation branch 112, and the length of the first rectangular branch 1132 is the same as that of the first sub-branch 1111;

[0049] The two sides of the second radiation patch 12 are multi-stage ladder-shaped;

[0050] The third radiation patch 13 is an isosceles trapezoidal patch with an upper edge of 48-50 mm and a lower edge of 27-28 mm, and the long bottom edge thereof faces the second radiation patch 12;

[0051] The two sides of the fourth radiation patch 14 are multi-stage ladder-shaped, and the end thereof facing the first radiation body is used as a feeding input end;

[0052] The first radiation body 1 performs first impedance matching from a feeding point (i.e. a feeding gap) to the fourth radiation patch 14, and performs second impedance matching from the bottom to the top by changing the patch width to achieve a certain impedance matching, wherein from the bottom to the top, the patch width of the lowest patch is used as a reference, the minimum patch width is 3.024 mm, the ratio of the patch width is 1:2:3, and the second impedance matching is performed by the second radiation patch 12 in the middle end of the first radiation body 1, from the bottom to the top, the patch width of the middle smallest patch is used as a reference, the minimum patch width is 2 mm, the ratio of the patch width is 5:1:2:3:5, and the patch width of the lowest end and the top end is consistent;

[0053] The second radiator 2 adopts a transverse expansion mode to reduce longitudinal distribution and reduce the size of the antenna, the second radiator 2 is consistent with the patch width of the part fed by the first radiator 1, and includes a fourth radiation branch 21, a fifth radiation branch 22 and a sixth radiation branch 23; the fourth radiation branch 21 and the sixth radiation branch 23 are the same in structure and are axially symmetrical about the central axis of the length direction of the fifth radiation branch 22; the fourth radiation branch 21, the fifth radiation branch 22 and the sixth radiation branch 23 are provided with an isosceles trapezoidal metal patch with an upper edge of 48-49 mm and a lower edge of 6-7 mm at the lower edge;

[0054] The fourth radiation branch 21 includes a side branch 211 and a thin branch 212; the side branch 211 is outwardly arranged, and the front end thereof is quadrangular; the two ends of the thin branch 212 are connected with the side branch 211, and a rectangular gap is formed therebetween; the length of the rectangular gap is 12-13 mm, and the width thereof is 4-5 mm;

[0055] The side branch 211 is close to the third radiation patch 13, and the side close to the third radiation patch 13 is parallel to the side waist of the third radiation patch 13, the distance therebetween is about 3-4 mm, and the oblique angle is 41°-43°, so as to reduce the electromagnetic coupling between the two radiators, expand the bandwidth and improve the antenna efficiency;

[0056] The thin branch 212 is located at the side of the fourth radiation patch 14;

[0057] The fifth radiation branch 22 is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch 21 and the sixth radiation branch 23, and the front end thereof is aligned with the fourth radiation patch 14, and the front end serves as a feed input end.

[0058] In summary, the current is uniformly distributed in the working frequency band by the first radiator 1 and the second radiator 2, so that the antenna has an omnidirectional radiation characteristic, higher impedance bandwidth of the antenna is realized by twice impedance matching, the layout reduces the size of the antenna, the gap between the two radiators reduces the electromagnetic coupling, and the performance of the antenna is improved.

[0059] Figure 2 It is the S11 parameter diagram of the high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna according to the embodiment of the application, and it can be seen that the antenna works between 1.3 GHz and 1.5 GHz.

[0060] Figure 3 It is the 2D directional diagram of the high-gain ultra-wideband unmanned aerial vehicle antenna according to the embodiment of the application, and it can be seen that the antenna has an omnidirectional radiation characteristic, the non-circularity is extremely low, and the high gain is 2.2 dB.

[0061] The above is the preferred embodiment of the present application, it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present application, can also make a number of improvements and refinements, these improvements and refinements are also considered to be within the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna, characterized by The application relates to an antenna, which comprises a medium substrate, a first radiation body (1) and a second radiation body (2) printed on the front surface of the medium substrate; and a feed gap between the first radiation body (1) and the second radiation body (2). The first radiation body (1) is an integrally formed structure, which comprises a first radiation patch (11), a second radiation patch (12), a third radiation patch (13) and a fourth radiation patch (14) connected in sequence. The first radiation patch (11) comprises a first radiation branch (111), a second radiation branch (112) and a third radiation branch (113), the third radiation branch (113) is located at the middle position of the first radiation branch (111) and the second radiation branch (112); the second radiation branch (112) is identical in structure to the first radiation branch (111) and is axially symmetrical about the middle axis of the third radiation branch (113) in the length direction. The second radiation patch (12) and the fourth radiation patch (14) are both multi-stage stepped structures. The third radiation patch (13) is an isosceles trapezoidal patch, and the long bottom edge thereof faces the second radiation patch (12). The second radiation body (2) comprises a fourth radiation branch (21), a fifth radiation branch (22) and a sixth radiation branch (23); the fourth radiation branch (21) is identical in structure to the sixth radiation branch (23) and is axially symmetrical about the middle axis of the fifth radiation branch (22) in the length direction.

2. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 1, wherein The first radiation branch (111) is an integrally formed structure, which comprises a first sub-branch (1111), a second sub-branch (1112) and a third sub-branch (1113) connected in sequence; the first sub-branch (1111) faces away from the second radiation patch (12) and is in a right-angled triangle structure, and the hypotenuse thereof faces away from the third radiation branch (113); the second sub-branch (1112) is in a rectangular structure, and one long side thereof is coincident with the right angle side of the first sub-branch (1111); the third sub-branch (1113) is in a rectangular structure, and the long side thereof is smaller than that of the second sub-branch (1112) and is located outside the other long side of the second sub-branch (1112); The third radiation branch (113) is an integrally formed structure, which comprises a top branch (1131), a first rectangular branch (1132), a second rectangular branch (1133) and a connecting branch (1134); the connecting branch (1134) is connected to the first radiation branch (111) and the second radiation branch (112) at two sides thereof, and the front end thereof is connected to one end of the second rectangular branch (1133), the other end of the second rectangular branch (1133) is connected to one end of the first rectangular branch (1132), and the other end of the first rectangular branch (1132) is connected to the top branch (1131); the top branch (1131) is in a triangular structure, and the tip thereof faces forward.

3. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 2, wherein The width of the second rectangular branch (1133) is greater than that of the first rectangular branch (1132).

4. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 2, wherein The second rectangular branch (1133) is spaced apart from the first radiation branch (111) and the second radiation branch (112), and the length of the second rectangular branch (1133) is the same as that of the first sub-branch (1111).

5. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 1, wherein The ratio of the width of each step of the multi-step structure of the second radiation patch (12) is 5:3:2:1:5 from the first radiation patch (11) to the fourth radiation patch (14).

6. The high-gain ultra-wideband UAV antenna according to claim 1 or 5, wherein The ratio of the width of each step of the multi-step structure of the fourth radiation patch (14) is 3:2:1 from the first radiation patch (11) to the fourth radiation patch (14).

7. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 1, wherein The fourth radiation branch (21) comprises a side branch (211) and a thin branch (212), the side branch (211) is located at the outer side, and the two ends of the thin branch (212) are connected with the side branch (211) and form a rectangular gap therebetween.

8. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 7, wherein The front end of the side branch (211) is a quadrilateral, and the side close to the first radiator (1) forms an angle with the straight line of the width of the dielectric substrate.

9. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 8, wherein The side close to the first radiator (1) of the side branch (211) is parallel to the side waist of the isosceles trapezoid of the third radiation patch (13).

10. The high-gain ultra-wideband drone antenna of claim 1, wherein The fifth radiation branch (22) is spaced apart from the fourth radiation branch (21) and the sixth radiation branch (23), and the front end of the fifth radiation branch (22) is aligned with the fourth radiation patch (14).

Images