Ecological shelter forest cultivation method for mountainous cupressus duodecidentalis large-diameter timber

Abstract

The application provides a mountainous Chinese fir large-diameter timber "ecological forestation" cultivation method and belongs to the technical field of forestry. The mountainous Chinese fir large-diameter timber "ecological forestation" cultivation method of the application is to transform a Chinese fir degraded artificial forest or a Chinese fir simple artificial forest and comprises the following steps: felling and removing stakes, ecological grass control, forest land design, deep ploughing and making mounds, forest belt making Chinese fir, forest belt grass control, mound protection and fertilization, ecological maintenance and shelter felling for cultivating large-diameter timber. The mountainous Chinese fir large-diameter timber "ecological forestation" cultivation method of the application implements new quality productivity of "ecological forestation" with ecological priority, about 2 / 3 of the forest land is not cultivated to maintain the original ecology, the biodiversity of the forest land is protected, and about 1 / 3 of the forest land is used for establishing a forestation belt for cultivating Chinese fir large-diameter timber. The application can promote the fast growth of Chinese fir, achieve the large-diameter timber standard, and simultaneously consider the high efficiency and sustainable management of the forest land.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of forestry technology, and in particular relates to a method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber using "ecological afforestation". Background Technology

[0002] Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook), also known by many other names such as sand tree (common in southwestern provinces), Zhengshan, Zhengmu (Zhejiang region), and prickly cedar (Anhui region), is an important fast-growing native coniferous timber species with a long history of cultivation. Its distribution is extremely wide, ranging from the warm and humid southern regions to some more suitable northern areas. Due to its rapid growth, high yield, excellent wood quality, and wide range of uses, Chinese fir is highly favored by people in its producing areas and has become the preferred tree species for many afforestation projects. According to statistics, the cultivated area of ​​Chinese fir is as high as 134 million mu (Wu Zhonglun, 1984).

[0003] For a long time, Chinese fir has occupied an important position in forestry production. However, with the passage of time and unreasonable management methods, especially due to continuous planting, the diameter of Chinese fir timber has gradually decreased. In the current market environment, the demand for large-diameter timber is increasing, while the diameter of timber produced by traditional Chinese fir forests is severely mismatched with market demand. Forestry experts have conducted extensive research and experiments on suitable areas, site selection, and seedling selection for large-diameter timber cultivation, providing valuable data. Traditional methods for cultivating large-diameter timber include pit planting and strip planting, as well as specific planting densities, such as a spacing of 2.0m × 2.5m or 2m × 2m, along with tending management, including weeding twice a year for the first three years after planting. In addition, thinning is carried out, using a single layer of thinning, following the principle of cutting smaller trees and leaving larger ones, and cutting inferior trees and leaving superior ones, ultimately controlling the density to 60-100 trees / acre as the suitable number of trees for cultivating large-diameter timber. However, in practical application, these traditional methods often fail to achieve the ideal results in cultivating large-diameter timber.

[0004] Meanwhile, the cultivation of Chinese fir inevitably causes some damage to its habitat. Large-scale planting of Chinese fir leads to a reduction in biodiversity. Because Chinese fir is a monoculture plantation, its ecosystem is relatively simple, providing limited food and habitat for wildlife. This makes it difficult for many species dependent on complex ecological environments to survive, thus reducing regional biodiversity. Furthermore, continuous planting of Chinese fir plantations absorbs large amounts of nutrients from the soil. Without proper soil improvement measures, the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and other nutrients in the soil will gradually become depleted, leading to soil structure deterioration and reduced water and fertilizer retention capacity.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a method to cultivate large-diameter Chinese fir timber that can meet the demand for large-diameter Chinese fir timber while protecting the original ecological environment of the forest. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide a method for cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir timber in mountainous areas through "ecological afforestation," which promotes the rapid growth of Chinese fir and achieves the standard for large-diameter timber while taking into account the efficient and sustainable management of forest land.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0008] An ecological afforestation method for cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir timber in mountainous areas, which transforms degraded or isolated Chinese fir plantations, includes the following steps: felling and stump removal → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep plowing and stump making → planting Chinese fir in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → stump protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → selective felling to cultivate large-diameter timber;

[0009] The forest design includes dividing the forest into vertically spaced "afforestation belts" and "ecological belts" along the contour lines of the mountain; the "afforestation belts" are 0.8-1.2m wide and planted with Chinese fir trees; the "ecological belts" are 1.8-2.2m wide and preserve the original forest ecological environment.

[0010] The deep tillage and mound construction includes: deep tilling and land preparation of the "afforestation belt" to construct "afforestation mounds" that are 18-25cm higher than the "ecological belt";

[0011] The afforestation of the forest belt includes: planting Chinese fir seedlings in the center of the "afforestation mound", with a spacing of 1-1.2m between the seedlings;

[0012] The method of thinning to cultivate large-diameter timber includes: the first thinning of 6-8 years after planting Chinese fir; and the second thinning of 80% of Chinese fir with a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 24cm in central production areas where the Chinese fir site index is above 16, with the remaining Chinese fir being cultivated into large-diameter timber.

[0013] Preferably, the logging and stump removal process includes: after logging, spraying a "stump removal agent" onto the stump surface, wherein the "stump removal agent" is selected from one or more sulfonylurea herbicides.

[0014] Preferably, the ecological weed control includes: spraying the entire forest land with a selective herbicide "Mao Mieji", wherein the selective herbicide "Mao Mieji" is selected from one or more aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides.

[0015] Preferably, during the deep tillage, the tillage is 50-80cm deep, and an inner ditch is set at the "afforestation mound".

[0016] Preferably, the weed control in the forest belt includes: applying a "weed sealant" to the afforestation belt 20-40 days after planting the Chinese fir trees, wherein the "weed sealant" is selected from Goal or Simazine.

[0017] Preferably, the fertilization of the protective mound includes: in early April of the year following the planting of the Chinese fir trees, the "afforestation mound" is covered with soil and fertilized in the holes next to the Chinese fir trees.

[0018] Preferably, the ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants from the "ecological belt" invade the "afforestation belt", removing and controlling the invading plants.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes planting and breeding in the forest land after controlling weeds in the forest belt, planting grains, oils, fruits and vegetables among the Chinese fir trees in the "afforestation belt", and / or planting one or more of the following in the "ecological belt": grass, Chinese medicinal herbs, and edible fungi.

[0020] Preferably, the process also includes understory planting after the second thinning, with crops planted under the trees, the crops being selected from one or more of the following: grass, traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and edible fungi.

[0021] Preferably, the discarded branches and remnants from the felling, stump removal, first thinning, and second thinning are used to cover the forest land.

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0023] (1) New quality innovation. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method for large-diameter mountain fir timber of the present invention prioritizes ecology in afforestation technology. The combination of "ecological belt" and "afforestation belt" is a new model of afforestation production. The "ecological belt" does not require hoeing or soil removal, and is absolutely protected, accounting for about 2 / 3 of the forest area. This protects the original ecological environment of the forest and the biodiversity of the forest. It is an innovative concept that has been proposed and practiced for the first time in artificial afforestation.

[0024] (2) Promoting high forest yield. General theory holds that vertical afforestation is not conducive to soil and water conservation, and traditional afforestation methods mostly adopt horizontal strip planting with contour lines. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method for large-diameter Chinese fir in this invention changes the afforestation round mounds to horizontal long mounds to prevent soil erosion, and deep plowing is conducive to the growth of young trees; during the young period of Chinese fir, under the protection of the "ecological belt", the needs of the biological characteristics of Chinese fir are met and they grow vigorously, promoting high yield of large-diameter Chinese fir.

[0025] (3) High efficiency in forest land. This invention can also be used to combine planting and breeding in forest land / understory in afforestation belts and ecological belts, promote the development of forest land economy, and improve economic and ecological benefits.

[0026] (4) The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method for large-diameter mountain fir timber of the present invention enables the forest land to return to its original ecology, protects biodiversity, achieves sustainable management, provides ecological protection for trees, reduces forest land cultivation, lowers afforestation costs, and promotes the growth of fir trees. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a process flow diagram of the "ecological afforestation" cultivation method for large-diameter mountain fir timber of the present invention. In the diagram, A is logging and stump removal, B is ecological weed control, C is forest land design, D is fir planting in forest belts, E is weed control in forest belts, F is forest land planting and breeding, G is stump protection and fertilization, and H is ecological maintenance. Detailed Implementation

[0028] This invention provides a method for cultivating large-diameter Chinese fir timber in mountainous areas through "ecological afforestation," which aims to transform degraded or monoculture Chinese fir plantations to achieve large-diameter timber standards while ensuring efficient and sustainable forest management. The method includes the following steps: felling and stump removal → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep tilling and stump formation → planting Chinese fir in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → stump protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → selective felling to cultivate large-diameter timber. Preferably, this method further integrates forest land / understory planting and cultivation to enhance ecological benefits, including the following steps: felling and stump removal → ecological weed control → ecological design → deep tilling and stump formation → planting Chinese fir in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → forest land planting and cultivation → stump protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → selective felling to cultivate large-diameter timber → understory planting and cultivation.

[0029] In this invention, stump removal includes: after felling, spraying a "stump-removing agent" onto the stump surface. The "stump-removing agent" is selected from one or more sulfonylurea herbicides, preferably a combination of methamidosulfuron and an organophosphate herbicide, and more preferably a combination of methamidosulfuron and glyphosate. This invention does not have a specific limitation on the amount of the "stump-removing agent" applied; it can be applied according to the recommended dosage of the relevant product. As one possible implementation method, when felling Chinese fir plantations, the feller carries the "stump-removing agent" and immediately sprays it onto the stump surface after felling. The fresh stump absorbs the "stump-removing agent" and it is transported to the roots of the Chinese fir, inhibiting root cell division and causing them to die, thus preventing the sprouting of new plants. In addition, the swollen roots, after decaying, provide a large amount of organic matter and porosity to the forest soil, promoting the growth of planted young Chinese fir trees and eliminating the need for sprout removal operations.

[0030] In the present invention, ecological weed control includes: spraying the selective herbicide "Miemao Agent" over the entire forest land. The selective herbicide "Miemao Agent" is selected from one or several aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, preferably the combined use of haloxyfop-P-methyl and clethodim, and further preferably the selective herbicide "Miemao Agent" is sprayed in ultra-low volume using an unmanned aerial vehicle. There is no special limitation on the application amount of the selective herbicide "Miemao Agent" in the present invention, and it can be applied according to the recommended dosage of the relevant product. After logging and stump removal, plants such as Miscanthus floridulus, Imperata cylindrica, and miscellaneous bamboo in the forest land regrow. Using the selective herbicide "Miemao Agent" for control can effectively protect the biodiversity of the forest land while eradicating weeds.

[0031] In the present invention, forest land design includes: along the vertical direction of the mountain contour, the forest land is divided into vertically distributed "afforestation zones" and "ecological zones" at intervals. The "afforestation zone" is 0.8 - 1.2 m wide and planted with Chinese fir, and the "ecological zone" is 1.8 - 2.2 m wide, retaining the original forest land ecological environment; preferably, the "afforestation zone" is 1 m wide and the "ecological zone" is 2 m wide. As an implementable method, the present invention constructs the vertical "afforestation zone" and vertical "ecological zone" in the following way: At the left and right centers of each slope of the forest land, pull a plastic color rope (as thick as a pencil) to vertically arrange a vertical line from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain as the "center rope"; three people hold a plastic "row spacing rope" (with a knot marked every 3 m on the row spacing rope) and straighten it horizontally at a 90° intersection with the "center rope" from a suitable position on the mountain. One person holds the intersection at the "center rope" position, and the other two people horizontally pull straight to the end in the left and right directions respectively. When walking, the person in the center commands the two people on the left and right to straighten and tighten it. After fixing, the three people insert "marking sticks" (the "marking sticks" are 1.5 m long, with one end sharpened and inserted into the ground and the other end tied with a red plastic cloth for marking) at each 3-meter node. They should be inserted straight without deviation. Use the same method to insert marks in the middle and at the bottom of the mountain for the excavator to use as marks when operating, completing the design and positioning of the "afforestation zone" and "ecological zone". The present invention adheres to the priority of ecology. During the cultivation of large-diameter Chinese fir in mountainous areas, about 2 / 3 of the forest land is constructed with "ecological zones" to protect the original ecology and biodiversity of the forest land, and about 1 / 3 of the forest land is constructed with "afforestation zones" to produce large-diameter Chinese fir. The "afforestation zones" and "ecological zones" promote each other, restrict each other, and complement each other's advantages. The Chinese fir seedlings can be shaded and cooled by the ecological zone, achieving the standard of large-diameter Chinese fir while taking into account the efficient and sustainable management of the forest land.

[0032] In this invention, deep tillage and mound construction includes: deep tilling of the "afforestation belt" and constructing a horizontally elongated "afforestation mound" 18-25cm higher than the "ecological belt," preferably with the "afforestation mound" 20cm higher than the "ecological belt." More preferably, the deep tillage is 50-80cm, and more preferably 60cm. Preferably, an inner ditch is constructed within the "afforestation mound," perpendicular to the "afforestation belt" and leading to both sides of the "ecological belt." More preferably, the inner ditch is 30cm deep. During rain, the inner ditch can hold water; during heavy rain, it can block water, and excess rainwater flows to the "ecological belt," preventing surface runoff and soil erosion in the "afforestation belt." As one possible implementation method, the deep tillage and mound construction of this invention adopts the following approach: According to the markings of the forest land design, the excavator aligns with the vertical markings to perform deep tillage, forming a "forestation belt"; guided by the vertical markings, the excavator moves about 3m uphill from the foot of the mountain, lowers the insert plate to fix the excavator, twists the digging head to insert it into the soil at the foot of the mountain, retracts the hook, and raises the soil with the full hook to a certain height (on the ground) and throws it back to its original position, turning the original bottom soil to the platform. The platform soil, weeds, and grass seeds are turned into the bottom and buried deeply. After turning the soil 4-6 times, when the platform reaches about 2m, the surface of the afforestation belt is leveled; the same operation continues to the top of the mountain, and deep tillage is carried out from the top of the mountain downhill, completing one slope before completing another slope; while the excavator is deep tilling, afforestation mounds are also being constructed. When the excavator is deep tilling the belt, at a distance of 1m, the hook is inserted 40cm into the soil, the full hook of soil is dug up and thrown down, forming a horizontally elongated "afforestation mound" that is 18-25cm higher than the ecological belt.

[0033] In this invention, the afforestation of fir trees in the forest belt includes: planting fir seedlings in the center of the afforestation mound, with a spacing of 1-1.2m between the seedlings, preferably 1m, and further preferably selecting strong seedlings of good fir varieties, planting without backing onto the mountain, and aligning the seedlings on a vertical line.

[0034] In this invention, weed control in the forest belt includes: applying a "shrub and weed preservative" to the "afforestation belt" 20-40 days after planting the Chinese fir trees, preferably 30 days later. The "shrub and weed preservative" is selected from Goal or Simazine, and the application method is further preferred to be broadcast or sprayed, avoiding the Chinese fir seedlings. This invention does not have a specific limitation on the amount of Goal or Simazine applied; it can be applied according to the recommended dosage of the relevant product. Goal or Simazine can control the growth of shrubs (such as Litsea cubeba, Hemp, and Saltwort) and weeds (mainly perennial weeds of the Poaceae and Cyperaceae families) in the "afforestation belt," ensuring that these shrubs and weeds are controlled in time when they emerge and germinate, ensuring the normal growth of the young Chinese fir trees, and also enabling no-tillage for planting young Chinese fir trees in the same year.

[0035] In this invention, it is preferable to carry out forest land cultivation after weed control in the forest belt. More preferably, this includes planting grains, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables among the fir trees in the "afforestation belt," and / or planting one or more of the following in the "ecological belt": grasses, medicinal herbs, and edible fungi. As an implementation method, the grains, oilseeds, fruits, and vegetables are selected from sorghum, corn, sunflower, pumpkin, watermelon, soybeans, etc., to achieve a "broad food perspective, grains and oils on the mountain"; the grasses are selected from giant reed grass, elephant grass, etc., which are rich in protein and used for cultivating edible fungi, and can also be used to raise poultry such as chickens, ducks, and geese. This invention does not have special limitations on the specific field management of forest land cultivation; common forest land cultivation methods in the field can be used.

[0036] In this invention, the fertilization of the protective mound includes: in early April of the year following the planting of Chinese fir, the "afforestation mound" is protected by mounding soil, and fertilizer is applied in the hole next to the Chinese fir; preferably, fertilizer holes are dug 20cm away from the Chinese fir seedlings, with the fertilizer holes being 10cm deep, 15cm wide, and 25cm long, high-nitrogen fast-acting compound fertilizer is applied, and then covered with soil.

[0037] In this invention, ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants from the "ecological zone" invade the "afforestation zone", the invading plants are cut off and controlled to prevent the invading plants from affecting the growth of Chinese fir.

[0038] In this invention, the thinning process for cultivating large-diameter timber includes: a first thinning of alternate trees 6-8 years after planting, preferably 7 years after planting; and a second thinning of alternate trees when 80% of the trees in a central production area with a site index of 16 or higher have a diameter at breast height (DBH) ≥ 24 cm, with the remaining trees being used to cultivate large-diameter timber. According to this invention, the planting density of Chinese fir seedlings is approximately 222 trees / acre. After the first thinning, 111 trees / acre are retained; after the second thinning, 55 trees / acre are retained for large-diameter timber cultivation.

[0039] In this invention, it is preferable to carry out understory cultivation after the second clearing, planting crops under the forest canopy. More preferably, the crops are selected from one or more of the following: Juncao (a type of grass), traditional Chinese medicinal herbs, and edible fungi. As an implementation method, Juncao is selected from giant Napier grass, Napier grass, etc., which are rich in protein and are used to cultivate edible fungi. At the same time, poultry such as chickens, ducks, and geese can also be raised, further promoting the growth of large-diameter fir trees.

[0040] In this invention, the discarded branches and remnants from the initial stump felling, the first thinning, and the second thinning are preferably used as mulch for the forest land. During the cultivation of large-diameter Chinese fir timber, approximately 8000 kg / mu of branch and remnants are harvested before afforestation, approximately 4000 kg / mu of branch and remnants are harvested during the first thinning, and approximately 6000 kg / mu of branch and remnants are harvested during the second thinning, totaling approximately 18000 kg / mu of branch and remnants used to mulch the forest land. At an 83% conversion rate, this results in 14940 kg / mu of organic fertilizer, meaning each large-diameter Chinese fir timber receives over 200 kg of organic fertilizer, effectively promoting sustainable forest land management.

[0041] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0042] Example 1

[0043] An ecological afforestation method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber was carried out in sub-compartment 2-2(1)-3(1) of forest section 35 in Dongjiao Village, Yuankeng Town, Shunchang County, Fujian Province, with a total afforestation area of ​​40 mu. The specific steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) Stubble eradication during felling: In Chinese fir plantations, clear-cutting is carried out. During felling, the fellers carry a "stubble eradication agent," and immediately after felling, a diluted solution of the agent is sprayed onto the stump surface. Figure 1 As shown in Figure A, the "stubble removal agent" is a mixture of methamidosulfuron and glyphosate. The remaining branches and twigs from felling cover the forest floor.

[0045] (2) Ecological weed control: After logging and stump removal, Miscanthus sinensis and miscellaneous bamboo regrow in the forest. To protect biodiversity, the selective herbicide "Miscanthus sinensis" is used for control, and ultra-low volume spraying is carried out using drones, such as... Figure 1 As shown in B, weeds such as Miscanthus sinensis, Imperata cylindrica, and bamboo are controlled and removed by the roots. The selective herbicide "Mie Mao Ji" is a mixture of haloxyfop-methyl and clethodim.

[0046] (3) Forest belt design: At the center of each slope of the forest, a plastic colored rope (thick as a pencil) is stretched from the top of the mountain to the bottom of the mountain to form a vertical line as the "center rope". Three people take a plastic "row spacing rope" (a knot is tied every 3m) and stretch it horizontally at a suitable position on the mountain to intersect the "center rope" at 90°. One person holds the intersection point at the "center rope" position, and the other two walk horizontally to the left and right respectively. While walking, the person in the center directs the two people on the left and right to stretch and tighten the rope. After that, the three people insert "marking sticks" (1.5m long, with one end split into a point and inserted into the ground, and the other end tied with a red plastic cloth for marking) at each 3m node. The sticks should be inserted straight and not deviated. The same method is used to insert marks in the middle and bottom of the mountain for the excavator to mark when working, thus completing the design and positioning of the vertical "afforestation belt" and vertical "ecological belt".

[0047] (3) Deep tillage and staking: According to the design, the spacing between fir trees is 1m (spacing between trees on the hillside), the row spacing is 3m wide vertically, the vertical "afforestation belt" is 1m wide, and the "ecological belt" is 2m wide, such as Figure 1 As shown in Figure C. The excavator aligns with the vertical markings and performs deep tillage to create a 60cm deep and 1m wide "afforestation belt." Guided by the vertical markings, the excavator moves approximately 3m uphill from the bottom, lowers the support plate to secure it, twists the excavator head to insert it into the soil at the bottom, retracts the hook, and lifts the full hook of soil to a certain height (on the ground) before throwing it back to its original position, turning the original bottom soil onto a platform. The platform soil, weeds, and grass seeds are then turned back to the bottom for deep burial. After 4-6 rounds of tillage, when the platform reaches approximately 2m, the "afforestation belt" is leveled. This process is repeated until reaching the top of the mountain. From the top, the soil is tilled downhill. One slope is completed before moving to the next. While the excavator is tilling, "afforestation mounds" are simultaneously constructed. While the excavator is tilling the belt, at a distance of 1m, the hook is inserted 40cm into the soil, and the full hook of soil is scooped up and thrown down, forming a horizontally elongated "afforestation mound." The "afforestation mounds" should be 20cm higher than the ground level of the "ecological zone". There are internal ditches inside the mounds, which can collect rainwater and block water during heavy rain. Excess rainwater will flow into the "ecological zone" and will not form surface runoff, thus preventing soil erosion.

[0048] (3) Planting cedar trees in the forest belt: Deeply dig and plant high-quality cedar seedlings at the center of the "afforestation mound", such as Figure 1 As shown in D, the planting should not be done against the mountain. The upper and lower seedlings should be aligned on a vertical line.

[0049] (4) Weed control in forest belts: One month after afforestation and before planting livestock in the forest land, apply or spray a "weed and shrub sealing agent" to the "afforestation belt," such as... Figure 1 As shown in E, the product is selected from Goer or Simazin. When spraying the "weed sealant", try to avoid young fir trees.

[0050] (5) Forest Land Aquaculture: Grains, oilseeds, vegetables (such as sorghum, corn, sunflower, pumpkin, watermelon, soybeans, etc.) can be planted between two trees in the "afforestation belt." Alternatively, mushroom grass (high-protein forage grass) can be planted along the vertical center line of the "ecological belt" to feed chickens, ducks, geese, etc., for forest land aquaculture. Figure 1 As shown in F, medicinal herbs and edible fungi may be planted.

[0051] (6) Mound Protection and Fertilization: In early April of the second year after afforestation, the "afforestation mounds" are reinforced with soil (the afforestation mounds are repaired). On the left and right sides of the young cypress, at a distance of 20cm from the cypress, fertilization holes are dug 10cm deep, 15cm wide, and 25cm long. Quick-acting fertilizer (high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, etc.) is applied and covered with soil. Figure 1 As shown in G.

[0052] (7) Ecological Maintenance: One to two years after afforestation, when plants within the "ecological belt" extend into the afforestation belt and hinder the growth of young Chinese fir trees, they should be pruned or cut. Figure 1 As shown in H.

[0053] (8) Thinning by alternate trees: The first thinning by alternate trees is carried out 7 years after afforestation; when 80% of the Chinese fir trees in the central production area with a site index of 16 or above have a diameter at breast height of ≥24cm, the second thinning by alternate trees is carried out, and the remaining Chinese fir trees are cultivated into large-diameter timber. The branches and branches remaining after each thinning by alternate trees are used to cover the forest land.

[0054] (9) Understory planting and breeding: After the second thinning, there is a huge space under the forest, which can be used for understory planting and breeding or planting Chinese medicinal herbs or edible fungi; among them, understory planting and breeding can include planting giant reed grass and raising chickens, ducks and geese scientifically.

[0055] An investigation revealed that the plantation of Chinese fir contains 129 species of crops / medicinal herbs, 9 species of grasses, 10 species of asteraceae, 3 species of lavender, 3 species of roses, 4 species of legumes, as well as plants from various families and genera including witch hazel and campanulaceae. The biodiversity is extremely rich, meeting the standards for large-diameter timber while also ensuring efficient and sustainable management of the forest land.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating large-diameter mountain fir timber using "ecological afforestation" techniques, characterized in that, The transformation of degraded Chinese fir plantations or pure Chinese fir plantations includes the following steps: felling and stump killing → ecological weed control → forest land design → deep plowing and mound building → Chinese fir planting in forest belts → weed control in forest belts → mound protection and fertilization → ecological maintenance → selective thinning for the cultivation of large-diameter timber; The felling and stump killing includes: after felling, spraying a "stump killer" on the stump surface, and the "stump killer" is selected from one or more of sulfonylurea herbicides; The ecological weed control includes: spraying a selective herbicide "Imperata cylindrica killer" on the entire forest land, and the selective herbicide "Imperata cylindrica killer" is selected from one or more of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides; The forest land design includes: along the vertical direction of the mountain contour, dividing the forest land into vertically distributed "afforestation belts" and "ecological belts" at intervals; the width of the "afforestation belt" is 0.8 - 1.2 m, and Chinese fir is planted; the width of the "ecological belt" is 1.8 - 2.2 m, and the original forest land ecological environment is reserved; The deep plowing and mound building includes: deep plowing and land preparation for the "afforestation belt", constructing an "afforestation mound" 18 - 25 cm higher than the "ecological belt"; setting an inner ditch in the "afforestation mound", the inner ditch is perpendicular to the "afforestation belt" and leads to the "ecological belts" on both sides, and the inner ditch is 30 cm deep; The Chinese fir planting in forest belts includes: planting Chinese fir seedlings in the center of the "afforestation mound", and the spacing between the Chinese fir seedlings is 1 - 1.2 m; The weed control in forest belts includes: 20 - 40 days after planting Chinese fir, applying a "brushwood closure agent" to the afforestation belt, and the "brushwood closure agent" is selected from Goal or Simazine; The mound protection and fertilization includes: in early April of the following year after planting Chinese fir, piling up soil to protect the "afforestation mound" and applying fertilizers in holes beside the Chinese fir; The ecological maintenance includes: during the cultivation of Chinese fir, when plants in the "ecological belt" invade the "afforestation belt", cutting and controlling the invaded plants; The selective thinning for the cultivation of large-diameter timber includes: conducting the first selective thinning of every other tree 6 - 8 years after planting Chinese fir; when 80% of the Chinese fir trees in the central production area with a site index of 16 or above have a breast diameter of ≥ 24 cm, conducting the second selective thinning of every other tree, and cultivating the remaining Chinese fir trees into large-diameter timber; During the felling and stump killing, the first selective thinning of every other tree, and the second selective thinning of every other tree, the discarded branches and residues are used to cover the forest land.

2. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, During the deep plowing and land preparation, the depth of deep plowing is 50 - 80 cm.

3. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes conducting forest land planting and breeding after weed control in forest belts, planting grain, oil, fruits and vegetables between the Chinese fir trees in the "afforestation belt", and / or planting one or more of Juncao, Chinese herbal medicines, and edible fungi in the "ecological belt".

4. The "ecological afforestation" cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes conducting understory planting and breeding after the second selective thinning of every other tree, and planting crops under the forest, and the crops are selected from one or more of Juncao, Chinese herbal medicines, and edible fungi.

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