Industrialized seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening growth period of bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae

Abstract

The invention provides an industrialized seedling production and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of fritillaria cirrhosa. The industrialized seedling production and cultivation method comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting cultivation germplasm and a cultivation environment; step 2, purchasing a plurality of culture racks according to the size of a plant, and arranging the plurality of culture racks into a plurality of rows; an environment control integrated master controller is also arranged in the plant; each layer of shelf of each culture shelf is provided with seedling culture equipment; hole trays are placed in the seedling raising equipment; 3, seeds with the embryo rate (embryo length / endosperm length) larger than 90% are disinfected and then sown in a hole tray, and the seeds are covered with a matrix by 1-1.5 cm; 4, a nutrient solution is added into the seeds, and after the seeds sprout, fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and bacillus subtilis and trichoderma harzianum compound bacterial fertilizer are additionally applied; and step 5, controlling growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of the bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae to be 120-160 days, wherein 100-150 days are a growth period and 10-30 days are a dormancy period, and performing cultivation to realize cultivation of 2-3 growth cycles within one year.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of plant cultivation, and in particular to a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Background Art

[0002] Fritillaria cirrhosa is a member of the Liliaceae family ( Liliaceae ) Fritillaria Fritillaria L) The dried bulbs of various plants are precious medicinal materials commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine. They are widely distributed in Qinghai, Sichuan, Yunnan, Qinba Mountain Area of ​​Shaanxi and Gansu. They have the effects of clearing heat and moistening the lungs, resolving phlegm and relieving cough, and dispersing nodules and eliminating carbuncle. Fritillaria cirrhosa prefers cool climates, is cold-resistant, likes humidity, is afraid of high humidity, and likes shade. When the temperature reaches 30℃ or the ground temperature exceeds 25℃, the plant will wither. It cannot survive in areas with low altitude and high temperature. In plateau areas, the main cultivation method of Fritillaria cirrhosa is still field sowing. The annual growth cycle is relatively short, 90 to 120 days. It generally takes 4 to 5 years from seed germination to harvesting bulbs. At present, the market supply of Fritillaria cirrhosa mainly depends on wild collection, but its growth cycle is long and resource regeneration is slow. The existing artificial cultivation mode is restricted by environmental factors, and the cultivation is difficult, costly, and risky. It is difficult to achieve large-scale promotion and meet market demand. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a seedling and cultivation method that can shorten the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. Summary of the invention

[0003] The present invention aims at the current lack of technology that can shorten the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa and cultivate it in a factory, and further provides a factory-based seedling cultivation and cultivation method that shortens the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa. The method solves the problems of long growth period, long dormancy period, high artificial planting cost, and difficulty in large-scale mass production of Fritillaria cirrhosa in a natural environment; it greatly shortens the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedling cultivation cycle, improves the survival rate, and reduces the seedling cultivation cost. At present, factory-based seedling cultivation of multiple Fritillaria cirrhosa has been realized.

[0004] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solutions adopted in this application are as follows: A factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa comprises the following steps: Step 1, select the cultivation environment; Step 2, purchasing a number of culture racks according to the size of the plant, and arranging the culture racks into multiple rows; the plant is also equipped with an integrated environment control system, which includes a temperature and humidity control system, an irrigation system, a ventilation system, and a fire prevention system; each layer of each culture rack is provided with a seedling raising device; and a plug tray is placed in the seedling raising device; Step 3, after sterilizing the seeds with an embryo rate greater than 90%, sowing them in plug trays, with the seeds covering the substrate by 1 to 1.5 cm; Step 4, adding nutrient solution to the seeds, and applying fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum compound fertilizer after the seeds germinate; Step 5, controlling the growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa to 120-160 days, of which 100-150 days are the growth period and 10-30 days are the dormancy period, and cultivating the Fritillaria cirrhosa to achieve 2-3 growth cycles of cultivation within one year.

[0005] Preferably, the Fritillaria cirrhosa is replaced by one of Fritillaria unibracteata PK Hsiao & KC Hsia, Fritillaria taipaiensis PY Li and Fritillaria unibracteata var. wabuensis (SY Tang & SC Yueh) ZD Liu, Shu Wang & SC Chen).

[0006] Preferably, the cultivation environment includes: temperature -10 ~ 25 ° C, air humidity 50 ~ 80%, and altitude 2000 ~ 4000 meters.

[0007] Preferably, in step 2, three 17W LED plant fill light strips are installed on each shelf, and the red-to-blue ratio is 5:1; and / or, the factory building is a glass greenhouse or a film greenhouse, and more preferably, the factory building is also provided with a shading system.

[0008] Preferably, in step 3, the control parameters of disinfection are: the disinfectant is a 500-1000 times aqueous solution of carbendazim or mancozeb, and the disinfection is carried out for 10-20 minutes; and / or, the control parameters of sowing are: 2 seeds are sown in each hole with a spacing of 1-2 cm; and / or, the substrate is peat.

[0009] Preferably, in step 4, the nutrient solution is: Hoagland's solution diluted with N, P, K in a ratio of about 4:1:6, containing N 60 ~ 200 mg / L, P 20 ~ 60 mg / L, K 70 ~ 300 mg / L.

[0010] Preferably, in step 4, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying, wherein the hydroponics method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 2000 times and applied twice a month.

[0011] Preferably, in step 4, the Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum composite fertilizer is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying, wherein the hydroponics method requires the composite fertilizer to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method requires the composite fertilizer to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month.

[0012] Preferably, step 4 further comprises: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a sunshade net to control the shading rate to 45-55%, controlling the ambient temperature to 15±3°C, and maintaining ventilation.

[0013] Preferably, in step 5, the cultivation process includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net, controlling the shading rate to 40-60%, controlling the ambient temperature to 18±3°C, maintaining good ventilation, and starting a growth cycle; after each growth period, stopping the water and fertilizer supply, and controlling the temperature at 4-8°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers, i.e. entering a dormant period; then stacking each plug tray and placing it in a cold storage at 0-4°C for 10-20 days, and then repeating the aforementioned process to enter a new growth cycle.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The invention optimizes the seedling raising and cultivation process so that the Fritillaria cirrhosa can grow 2 to 3 cycles a year, shortens the cultivation period by 1 to 2 years, greatly improves the sustainability and economic benefits of the Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivation, and provides important technical support for the large-scale and standardized cultivation of Fritillaria cirrhosa. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 This is a layout diagram of a plant in an embodiment of the present invention, including 1. a return pipe, 2. a water tank, 3. a water pump, 4. a water pipe, 5. a culture rack, and 6. a plant floor.

[0016] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of plug tray cultivation in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein 102 is a plug tray, 105 is a cultivation medium, and 106 is a Fritillaria seedling.

[0017] Figure 3 This is a physical picture of the existing annual and biennial Fritillaria cirrhosa in Example 1 of the present invention, and the data unit in the table is mg.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a physical picture of the Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbs harvested after the third growth cycle (one-year-old) in Example 1 of the present invention. The data unit in the table is mg.

[0019] Figure 5 This is a physical picture of the Fritillaria cirrhosa bulbs grown and harvested for two years in Example 1 of the present invention. The data unit in the table is mg.

[0020] Figure 6These are actual pictures of the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs obtained in Examples 2 and 3 of the present invention, wherein Figure A shows the three-year-grown dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 3 of the present invention, Figure B shows the two-year-grown dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 3 of the present invention, Figure C shows the one-year-grown dark purple Fritillaria bulbs harvested in Example 2 of the present invention, Figure D shows the existing commercially available two-year-grown dark purple Fritillaria bulbs, and Figure E shows the existing commercially available one-year-grown dark purple Fritillaria bulbs. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, if the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out according to conventional conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used, if the manufacturer is not specified, are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0022] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, which are intended to explain the present invention rather than to limit it.

[0023] The "embryo ratio" mentioned in this embodiment refers to embryo length / endosperm length.

[0024] The "falling seedlings" mentioned in this embodiment means that the above-ground part of the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings withers, the nutrients shrink, and enter dormancy. When most (more than 95%) of the seedlings wither, dormancy treatment can be performed. Example 1

[0025] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa, comprising the following steps: 1) Cultivated germplasm selection: Fritillaria cirrhosa ( Fritillaria cirrhosa D. Don).

[0026] 2) Cultivation environment selection: Take Bianba County, Qamdo City, Tibet Autonomous Region as an example. Bianba County is located at 95° east longitude and 30° north latitude, with an average altitude of 3,500 meters, a temperature of -25 ~ 21°C, a precipitation of 1 ~ 12 mm, and an air humidity of 50 ~ 80%.

[0027] 3) Facility requirements: Purchase several culture racks according to the size of the plant, specifically iron shelves, and arrange several iron shelves into multiple rows. In this embodiment, the plant area is 266 square meters, specifically a glass greenhouse, the shelf specifications are 6 meters × 1 meter × 2.2 meters, arranged in 2 rows, with a 2m aisle between rows, 2 shelves in each row, and a 1m aisle between rows, for a total of 10 rows. Figure 1As shown. The plant is also equipped with an integrated environment control system, including a 24-hour controllable temperature and humidity system (to complete temperature and humidity control), a micro-spray irrigation system (to complete watering and spraying operations), a ventilation system (ventilation operation) and a fire protection system. Each shelf is equipped with seedling equipment on each shelf, and 3 17W LED plant fill light strips are installed on each shelf, with a red-blue ratio of 5:1. The seedling equipment uses a commercially available general-purpose circulating hydroponic instrument, which is 66cm long, 30.5cm wide and 36.5cm high. Before use, soak the relevant accessories and the box with 3mg / L potassium permanganate for cleaning and disinfection. Add 9L of tap water to the hydroponic pool of the hydroponic instrument. Place a plug tray in the hydroponic pool. The plug tray specifications are: the plug tray is 50cm long, 25cm wide, 5×10 holes (5 rows, 10 holes per row), and each hole has an upper diameter of 46mm, a lower diameter of 20mm, and a depth of 150mm. The size of the hydroponic pool is an even multiple of the length or width of the plug tray, and the depth is 15 cm. Nutrient solution is added to the hydroponic pool for hydroponic cultivation, and the nutrient solution is circulated, filtered and sterilized through the circulation device of the circulating hydroponic instrument. Figure 2 shown.

[0028] In this embodiment, a shading system is also provided, specifically a three-layer shading net structure, which is used to adjust the light transmittance in the greenhouse according to the light requirement characteristics of the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings for growth.

[0029] 4) Sowing: Use the seeds of Fritillaria cirrhosae that have been treated with natural stratification (sand storage, low temperature storage or factory stratification can also be used) to make the embryo full, select the seeds with embryo rate (embryo length / endosperm length) greater than 90%, and sow them in plug trays from April to June of the same year after disinfection. The seeds are covered with 1 to 1.5 cm of substrate, which is peat. Sow 2 seeds in each hole with a spacing of 1 to 2 cm. The control parameters of seed disinfection are: the disinfectant is a 1000-fold aqueous solution of carbendazim (or mancozeb), and the disinfection is carried out for 20 minutes.

[0030] 5) Cultivation and management methods: Keep the nutrient solution page height of the hydroponic pool at 0.5 ~ 2cm. The nutrient solution is: Hoagland's solution diluted with N, P, K in a ratio of about 4:1:6, containing 60 ~ 200mg / L N, 20 ~ 60mg / L P, and 70 ~ 300mg / L K. After the seedlings emerge, add fish protein water-soluble fertilizer, using hydroponics or foliar spraying. In the hydroponics method, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer needs to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method needs to dilute the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer 2000 times and apply twice a month. In this embodiment, the foliar spraying method is used.

[0031] In addition, the compound fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is applied by hydroponics or foliar spraying. For hydroponics, the compound fertilizer needs to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; for foliar spraying, the compound fertilizer needs to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month. In this embodiment, foliar spraying is used.

[0032] At the same time, cover the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature at 15℃, and maintain good ventilation.

[0033] 6) Cultivation and breaking dormancy: Set a growth cycle of 120 days, of which 100 days are the growth period (depending on the actual situation of Fritillaria cirrhosa), and 20 days are the dormancy period. Three growth cycles can be cultivated within one year. The specific operation is: cover the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature to 15°C, maintain good ventilation, and start a growth cycle. After each growth period, the hydroponic pool or tray stops supplying water and fertilizer, and the temperature is controlled at 4 ~ 8°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers (falls over), that is, enters the dormant period. At this time, stack each plug tray and put it in a cold storage at 0~4°C for 10~20 days, and then repeat the above process to enter a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, a single Fritillaria bulb can reach the size requirement of a three-year-old bulb in the field, and the average fresh weight of a single bulb can reach 1.765g (the average fresh weight of a single one-year-old Fritillaria bulb is about 0.096g, and the average fresh weight of a single two-year-old bulb is about 0.463g). Figure 3 ), as shown Figure 4 Transplanting it to the field at this time is already from April to June of the following year, when the temperature is suitable and it can be harvested at the end of the year. The bulb biomass is equivalent to that of 4-year-old Fritillaria cirrhosa cultivated in the field, and the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 4.180g. Figure 5 shown. Example 2

[0034] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of dark purple Fritillaria, comprising the following steps: 1) Cultivated germplasm selection: Dark purple Fritillaria (Fritillaria unibracteata PK Hsiao & K. C. Hsia).

[0035] 2) Cultivation environment selection and facility requirements: Same as Example 1.

[0036] 3) Sowing: Use low temperature stratification treatment (0-4℃) to make the dark purple Fritillaria seeds with full embryos. Select seeds with embryo rate (embryo length / endosperm length) greater than 90%. Sowing can be carried out throughout the year. Sow in hole trays, cover the seeds with 1 ~ 1.5 cm of peat substrate, and sow 2 seeds in each hole with a spacing of 1 ~ 2 cm.

[0037] 4) Cultivation and management methods: Same as Example 1.

[0038] 5) Cultivation and dormancy-breaking methods: Set a growth cycle of 120 days, of which 100 days are the growth period (depending on the actual situation of the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings falling over), and 20 days are the dormancy period. Three growth cycles can be cultivated within a year. The specific operation is: cover the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature to 15°C, maintain good ventilation, and start a growth cycle. After each growth period, the hydroponic pool or tray stops supplying water and fertilizer, and the temperature is controlled at 0-4°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers (falls over), that is, enters a dormant period. At this time, stack each plug tray and put it in a 4°C cold storage for 20 to 30 days, and then repeat the above process to enter a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs can reach the size requirements of three-year-olds in the field and can be harvested. The actual picture of the obtained dark purple Fritillaria is as follows Figure 6 As shown in Figure C, the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 0.74g. Example 3

[0039] This embodiment provides a factory-based seedling raising and cultivation method for shortening the growth period of dark purple Fritillaria, comprising the following steps: Steps 1) to 4) are the same as in Example 3.

[0040] 5) Cultivation and dormancy-breaking methods: Set 160 days as a growth cycle, of which 140 days are the growth period (depending on the actual situation of the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings falling over), and 20 days are the dormancy period. Two growth cycles can be cultivated in one year. The specific operation is: cover the dark purple Fritillaria seedlings with a shade net, control the shading rate to about 50%, control the ambient temperature to 15°C, maintain good ventilation, and start a growth cycle. After each growth period, the hydroponic pool or tray stops supplying water and fertilizer, and the temperature is controlled at 0-4°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers (falls over), that is, enters a dormant period. At this time, stack each plug tray and put it in a 4°C cold storage for 20 to 30 days, and then repeat the above process to enter a new growth cycle. After the third round of growth cycle, the dark purple Fritillaria bulbs are transplanted to the field for continued cultivation for 2 years. The actual picture of the dark purple Fritillaria obtained after continuing to cultivate for 1 year is as follows Figure 6 As shown in Figure B (the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 2.97g), the actual picture of the dark purple Fritillaria obtained after 2 years of cultivation is as follows Figure 6 As shown in Figure A (the average fresh weight of a single bulb is 4.85g), the size requirements of four-year-old and five-year-old plants in the field can be met respectively.

[0041] The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present invention, and the description thereof is relatively specific and detailed, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of the patent of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for ordinary technicians in this field, several variations and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention, which all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of the present invention shall be subject to the attached claims.

Claims

1. A method for factory-based seedling cultivation and cultivation for shortening the growth period of Fritillaria cirrhosa, characterized in that: The steps include: Step 1, select the cultivation environment; Step 2, purchasing a number of culture racks according to the size of the plant, and arranging the culture racks into multiple rows; the plant is also equipped with an integrated environment control system, which includes a temperature and humidity control system, an irrigation system, a ventilation system, and a fire prevention system; each layer of each culture rack is provided with a seedling raising device; and a plug tray is placed in the seedling raising device; Step 3, after sterilizing the seeds with an embryo rate greater than 90%, sowing them in plug trays, with the seeds covering the substrate by 1 to 1.5 cm; Step 4, adding nutrient solution to the seeds, and applying fish protein water-soluble fertilizer and Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum compound fertilizer after the seeds germinate; Step 5, controlling the growth conditions, setting the growth cycle of Fritillaria cirrhosa to 120-160 days, of which 100-150 days are the growth period and 10-30 days are the dormancy period, and cultivating the Fritillaria cirrhosa to achieve 2-3 growth cycles of cultivation within one year.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The Fritillaria cirrhosa is replaced by one of Fritillaria thunbergii, Fritillaria taibai and Fritillaria wabuensis.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The cultivation environment includes: temperature of -10 to 25°C, air humidity of 50 to 80%, and altitude of 2000 to 4000 meters.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In the step 2, three 17W LED plant fill light strips are installed on each shelf, with a red-to-blue ratio of 5:1; and / or, the factory building is a glass greenhouse or a film greenhouse, and preferably, the factory building is also provided with a shading system.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 3, the control parameters of disinfection are: the disinfectant is a 500-1000 times aqueous solution of carbendazim or mancozeb, and the disinfection is carried out for 10-20 minutes; and / or, the control parameters of sowing are: 2 seeds are sown in each hole with a spacing of 1-2 cm; and / or, the substrate is peat.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the nutrient solution is: Hoagland's solution diluted with N, P, and K in a ratio of about 4:1:6, containing 60 to 200 mg / L N, 20 to 60 mg / L P, and 70 to 300 mg / L K.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 4, the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer is applied by hydroponics or foliar spraying. The hydroponics method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; the foliar spraying method requires the fish protein water-soluble fertilizer to be diluted 2000 times and applied twice a month.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the composite fertilizer of Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum is applied hydroponically or by foliar spraying. For the hydroponics method, the composite fertilizer needs to be diluted 1000 times and applied twice a month; for the foliar spraying method, the composite fertilizer needs to be diluted 2000 times and applied once a month.

9. The method according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that: The step 4 also includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a sunshade net to control the shading rate to 45-55%, controlling the ambient temperature to 15±3° C., and maintaining ventilation.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that In step 5, the cultivation process includes: covering the Fritillaria cirrhosa seedlings with a shade net to control the shading rate to 40-60%, controlling the ambient temperature to 18±3°C, maintaining good ventilation, and starting a growth cycle; after each growth period, stopping the water and fertilizer supply, and controlling the temperature at 4-8°C until the above-ground part of the seedlings withers, i.e. entering a dormant period; then stacking each plug tray and placing it in a cold storage at 0-4°C for 10-20 days, and then repeating the aforementioned process to enter a new growth cycle.

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