Net cage for weever culture pond

Abstract

The invention aims to solve the problem of difficulty in preventing and treating cryptocaryon irritans disease in the perch culture process, and provides a mesh cage for a perch culture pond, which can simultaneously perform water flow impact, ultrasonic stimulation, flash stimulation, bubble stimulation and noise stimulation on perches infected with cryptocaryon irritans. The method has the advantages that cryptocaryon irritans trophozoite positioned on the body surface and the gill part of the weever can be effectively removed, the cryptocaryon irritans trophozoite can be thoroughly separated from the weever body, the control effect on the cryptocaryon irritans disease of the weever is good, the method is safe and effective, the side effect on the weever is small, and no pollution is caused to the water body and the environment. No matter in an experimental research stage or a production practice stage, the application of the mesh cage has good effects.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of aquaculture, and in particular relates to a net cage used in a seabass breeding pond and capable of effectively removing Cryptocaryon irritans from the body surface and gills of seabass. Background Art

[0002] With the development of artificial seedling and breeding technology, sea bass has become an economic fish widely farmed in the southern coastal areas of my country. The main breeding methods of sea bass include cage breeding and pond breeding. In recent years, the demand for sea bass in the domestic market has continued to rise, and it has also attracted much attention in the international market, especially in the United States, Japan, and South Korea, which are large consumer countries of aquatic products. The supply is in short supply and it is a bright spot variety for aquatic product exports. Faced with the demand for sea bass in the domestic and international markets, the development of sea bass breeding has broad prospects. However, with the rapid increase in sea bass breeding output, the increase in breeding density, and the continuous deterioration of the breeding environment, sea bass diseases have frequently broken out, seriously troubling the development of my country's marine aquaculture industry. In recent years, sea bass in the southern coastal areas of my country have frequently broken out "white spot disease", which has spread more and more widely and has become the main disease of marine fish breeding in Fujian, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan, causing huge economic losses to my country's marine aquaculture industry.

[0003] Crytocaryon irritans, commonly known as "seawater ichthyophora", is an obligate parasitic ciliate belonging to the Phylum Protozoa, the Subphylum Ciliophora, the Class Prostomatea, the Order Prorodontida, the Family Cryptocaryonidae, and the Genus Cryptocaryon. It is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical waters. The life history of Crytocaryon irritans mainly includes two major stages: parasitic life and in vitro life. It develops directly without any intermediate host and goes through four stages of parasitic body during the host parasitic period and the host-free period. The trophont refers to the parasitic body that parasitizes the host and continues to grow. After maturation, it becomes a proto-mont, then leaves the host and adheres to the bottom of the water or the wall of the pool to form a cyst. The cysts reproduce asexually, splitting into many small tomites, which eventually break out of the cysts to form the larvae. The larvae can move freely in the water, do not eat, and have the ability to infect the host, which is the infective stage. The life cycle of the marine Ichthyophthirius takes an average of 7-10 days at 24-27.8℃.

[0004] Cryptocaryonosis is a fatal disease caused by Cryptocaryon irritans parasitizing the surface of marine bony fish in large numbers and causing the death of the host. Cryptocaryon irritans has no specificity in host selection and can infect almost all marine bony fish. It also has no obvious selectivity for the size of fish. It can infect marine bony fish including large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea), sea bass (Lateolabrax japonicus), golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus), black sea bream (Sparusmacrocephalus), cobia (Rachycentron canadum) and many other economic species. Currently, only bluefin bream has innate specific immunity to the worm. Cryptocaryon irritans usually parasitize the gills and skin of marine bony fish. The parasitic process can cause mechanical damage and organ dysfunction. In the early stage of the disease, a large number of small white spots visible to the naked eye will form on the body surface of the diseased fish, the epidermis of the skin parasites will be congested, the gill tissue will be anemic, and the diseased fish will be abnormally active and swim around the pond wildly; in the middle stage of the disease, due to the irritation of the skin and gills of the diseased fish by the worms, the fish will secrete a large amount of mucus to resist the invasion of the worms; in the late stage of the disease, when the disease is serious, with the rapid increase in mucus secretion, the fish's epidermis will be covered with a thick layer of film-like mucus, which will eventually cause the diseased fish to have difficulty breathing and suffocate to death. In addition, although some diseased fish can completely survive until the parasites fall off, the body surface trauma caused by the parasites can easily lead to secondary infection in the later recovery stage, when the immune system is low, and harmful microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses in the water can also easily lead to secondary infection.

[0005] Since the discovery of Cryptocaryon irritans, a lot of research has been conducted on Cryptocaryon irritans disease, aiming to provide safe and convenient items or breeding technologies for the prevention and treatment of Cryptocaryon irritans disease. Although there are no targeted and effective measures to completely prevent and treat Cryptocaryon irritans disease, there are technical means with certain protective effects in physical prevention and control, drug prevention and control, and biological autoimmune prevention and control. The existing methods of using physical means to prevent and control Cryptocaryon irritans disease mainly include freshwater immersion, ozone or ultraviolet disinfection, rotation breeding, and cyst removal. Drug control is currently the most commonly used prevention and control method. The existing drug prevention and control methods for Cryptocaryon irritans disease mainly include two methods of use: in vivo and in vitro. In recent years, immunological research on Cryptocaryon irritans disease has been continuously carried out. At present, the vaccine research on marine white spot disease is still in the laboratory stage, and there is no stable and reliable vaccine on the market.

[0006] Therefore, in the process of breeding sea bass, there is an urgent need for a breeding system that can effectively resist Cryptocaryon irritans disease. Summary of the invention

[0007] The present invention aims to solve the problem of difficulty in preventing and treating Cryptocaryon irritans during seabass breeding, and provides a net cage for seabass breeding ponds, which can simultaneously perform water flow impact, ultrasonic stimulation, flash stimulation, bubble stimulation and noise stimulation on seabass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans, effectively shedding the trophozoites of Cryptocaryon irritans located on the body surface and gills of the seabass, so that the trophozoites of Cryptocaryon irritans are completely separated from the fish body, and the prevention and treatment effect of Cryptocaryon irritans disease in seabass is good, and it is safe and effective, with little side effects on seabass, and no pollution to water bodies and the environment. Whether in the experimental research stage or in the production practice stage, the application of the net cage has achieved good results.

[0008] The present invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a net cage for sea bass breeding pond, comprising a cage body 1 and a base 2, the cage body 1 is in a cubic shape, and is composed of support rods and a net body between the support rods, the support rods include four horizontal rods, four longitudinal rods and four vertical rods, the net body includes five net bodies fixed between the support rods, the upper part of the cage body 1 is open, the support rods and the net body are made of stainless steel material, wherein the mesh diameter of the bottom net body is 0.2mm, and the mesh diameter of the surrounding net body is 0.5mm. Handles 3 are respectively arranged on the two opposite longitudinal rods on the upper part of the cage body 1, and hanging ears 4 are respectively arranged on the lower part of the four vertical rods of the cage body 1. The base 2 is also in the shape of a cube, including 12 support rods and 6 mesh bodies located between the support rods. The support rods and mesh bodies of the base are also made of stainless steel. The base 2 is of the same size as the cage 1. The hooks 5 at the four corners of the upper side of the base 2 can cooperate with the hanging ears 4 to fix the cage 1 and the base 2 in connection. The four parallel partitions divide the base 2 into five accommodating chambers. The five accommodating chambers respectively accommodate a wave-making pump 7, an ultrasonic generator 8, a white light flash lamp 9, a bubble generator 10, and a loudspeaker 11. Corresponding control switches 12 are respectively arranged outside the five accommodating chambers. At the same time, a battery is also arranged in the middle accommodating chamber to supply power to the wave-making pump 7, the ultrasonic generator 8, the white light flash lamp 9, the bubble generator 10, and the loudspeaker 11. The battery, wires, control switches, and the above five electrical appliances are all waterproofed. Among them, the wave-making pump 7 can generate a water flow with a flow rate of 3-5m / s, the ultrasonic frequency generated by the ultrasonic generator 8 is 60KHZ, and the light intensity of the flash generated by the white light flash lamp 9 is 1X10 5 Lux, the bubble generated by the bubble generator 10 has a diameter of 0.5-1 cm, and the speaker 11 can produce a sound of 80 decibels.

[0009] The method of using the net cage in the present invention is as follows: the cage body 1 and the base 2 are connected by the hook 5 and the hanging ear 4, and the assembled net cage is placed in a perch breeding pond, the water surface of the perch breeding pond does not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the net cage, and the perch infected with Cryptocaryon irritans is transferred to the net cage. After the perch adapts for one hour, the control switches of the wave pump 7, the ultrasonic generator 8, the white light flash lamp 9, the bubble generator 10, and the speaker 11 are turned on in sequence, and the opening interval is 10 minutes. After the speaker 11 is turned on for one hour, all control switches are turned off, and the perch is fished out and cultured in a clean pond, and the net cage is pulled out, and the cage body 1 and the base 2 are separated, wherein the base 2 is cleaned and dried, and the cage body 1 is immersed in a mixture of acetic acid and citric acid for 30 minutes, so that all the Cryptocaryon irritans cysts adhering to the mesh at the bottom of the cage body 1 fall off, and the fallen cysts are taken out for use, and finally the cage body 1 is dried. The solvent of the acetic acid and citric acid mixture is distilled water, and the acetic acid concentration in the mixture is 200ml / m 3 , citric acid concentration is 100 mg / m 3 .

[0010] The perch treated with the net cage of the present invention can efficiently and thoroughly shed the trophozoites of Cryptocaryon irritans, and has little side effects on the perch, so that Cryptocaryon irritans disease in the perch can be safely and effectively controlled. The effect is better when the net cage is used to treat the perch infected with Cryptocaryon irritans for 2-3 consecutive days.

[0011] The advantages and effects of the present invention are as follows: a net cage placed in a seabass breeding pond is used to prevent and treat seabass Cryptocaryon irritans disease, five treatment methods are optimized and combined to treat seabass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans, and trophozoites on the body surface and gills of seabass are effectively and thoroughly shed. The invention is not only easy to operate, but also has no adverse effects on seabass and no pollution to the water environment; at the same time, the shed Cryptocaryon irritans cysts can also be effectively collected, which is convenient for further research on Cryptocaryon irritans.

[0012] On the one hand, the 3-5m / s water flow and 0.5-1cm bubble stimulation can effectively improve the resistance and motor activity of sea bass, which is beneficial for sea bass to get rid of the trophozoites of Cryptocaryon irritans. On the other hand, more importantly, the 3-5m / s water flow and 0.5-1cm bubbles can produce adverse stimulation to Cryptocaryon irritans, interfere with the parasitism of trophozoites on the body surface and gills, make Cryptocaryon irritans move irregularly, and fall off from the host body surface and gills.

[0013] White flashes and noise can stimulate the sea bass to move vigorously and flick its tail to a certain extent, which is beneficial for the sea bass to get rid of the trophozoites of Cryptocaryon irritans. On the other hand, it can affect the enzyme activity and protein synthesis ability in the body of Cryptocaryon irritans to a certain extent, reduce its metabolism and vitality, slow down its development rate, and help Cryptocaryon irritans to separate from the body of the sea bass.

[0014] Ultrasound of a certain frequency has medical biological effects. 60KHZ ultrasound can not only increase the growth rate of sea bass and enhance its immunity, but also change the conformation of certain digestive enzymes in the trophozoite of Cryptocaryon irritans to change its catalytic activity, thereby changing the degree of binding between the enzyme molecules and the substrate, affecting the digestive ability of the trophozoite of Cryptocaryon irritans, and thus effectively reducing the life activity and adhesion of the trophozoite of Cryptocaryon irritans.

[0015] The acetic acid solution is weakly acidic, which can soften the cyst wall of Cryptocaryon irritans cysts to a certain extent, weaken the adhesion of Cryptocaryon irritans cysts, and help to detach the Cryptocaryon irritans cysts. A certain concentration of citric acid solution can strengthen the softening effect of acetic acid. Under the synergistic effect of acetic acid and citric acid, the adhesion of Cryptocaryon irritans cysts becomes very weak, and it is easy to detach the cysts. After a large number of experiments, the inventor optimized the optimal concentration of acetic acid in the mixture of acetic acid and citric acid to 200ml / m 3 The optimal concentration of citric acid is 100 mg / m 3 , at this concentration combination, the effect of stimulating the shedding of Cryptocaryon cysts is more obvious. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the mesh cage of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] Embodiment 1: Optimization of white light flash light intensity The light intensity was 1X10 3 Lux, 5X10 3 Lux, 1X10 4 Lux, 5X10 4 Lux, 1X10 5 Lux, 5X10 5 Lux, 1X10 6 Lux white light flash was used to treat sea bass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans for 60 minutes, and the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of sea bass was counted before and after treatment. The experimental results showed that the light intensity of 1X10 5 Lux's white light flash had the greatest impact on Cryptocaryon irritans, reducing it by 35% in the gills of sea bass.

[0018] Example 2: Optimization of bubble size The size of the bubbles produced by the bubble generator was adjusted, and the sea bass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans was treated for 60 minutes with bubbles of diameters of 0.1-0.25cm, 0.25-0.5cm, 0.5-1cm, 1-1.5cm, 1.5-2cm, and 2-2.5cm, respectively. The number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass was counted before and after the treatment. The test results showed that the bubbles of 0.5-1cm in diameter had the greatest effect on Cryptocaryon irritans, reducing the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass by 29%.

[0019] Example 3: Optimization of Ultrasonic Frequency The sea bass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans were treated with ultrasound at frequencies of 20kHz, 40kHz, 60kHz, 80kHz, and 100kHz for 60 minutes, and the Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass were counted before and after the treatment. The test results showed that the ultrasound treatment with a frequency of 60kHz had the greatest effect on Cryptocaryon irritans, reducing the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass by 32%.

[0020] Embodiment 4: Optimization of noise decibels The sea bass infected with Cryptocaryon irritans were treated with noises of 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 decibels for 60 minutes, and the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass was counted before and after the treatment. The experimental results showed that the noise of 80 decibels had the greatest impact on Cryptocaryon irritans, reducing the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the sea bass by 28%.

[0021] Example 5: Optimization of water flow rate The perch infected with Cryptocaryon irritans was treated with running water at flow rates of 0.1-0.5m / s, 0.5-1m / s, 1-3m / s, 3-5m / s, 5-7m / s, and 7-10m / s for 60 minutes, and the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the perch was counted before and after the treatment. The test results showed that the flow rate of 3-5m / s had the greatest effect on Cryptocaryon irritans, reducing the number of Cryptocaryon irritans in the gills of the perch by 23%.

[0022] Example 6: Application of net cage in sea bass breeding pond The cage body and the base are connected by hooks and hanging ears, and the assembled net cage is placed in a perch breeding pond. The water surface of the perch breeding pond does not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the net cage. The perch infected with Cryptocaryon irritans is transferred to the net cage. After the perch adapts to the net cage for one hour, the control switches of the wave pump, ultrasonic generator, white light flash, bubble generator, and loudspeaker in the base are turned on in sequence. The interval time of opening is 10 minutes. Until the loudspeaker is turned on for one hour, all control switches are turned off, and the perch is fished out and cultured in a clean pool. Then pull out the net cage, separate the cage body and the base, and the base is cleaned and dried for standby use. Soak the cage body in a mixture of acetic acid and citric acid for 30 minutes, so that the Cryptocaryon irritans cysts mainly adhering to the mesh at the bottom of the cage body all fall off, and the cysts that fall off are taken out for standby use, and finally the cage body is dried for standby use. The acetic acid and citric acid mixture, the solvent is distilled water, and the acetic acid concentration in the mixture is 200ml / m 3 , citric acid concentration is 100 mg / m 3 The above steps were performed once a day for 3 consecutive days. Finally, the transferred seabass were tested for Cryptocaryon irritans on their body surface and gills, and no Cryptocaryon irritans residues were detected, that is, the Cryptocaryon irritans were completely shed. The net cage system of the present invention can completely prevent and treat Cryptocaryon irritans disease in seabass, and the seabass can be cultured normally at this time.

[0023] Comparative Examples: Compared with Example 6, Comparative Examples 1-5 only reduce one processing device, that is, use any four combinations of wave pump, ultrasonic generator, white light flash lamp, bubble generator, and loudspeaker, and other processing methods are the same as Example 6. Comparative Examples 6-25, compared with Example 6, use any three combinations or two combinations of wave pump, ultrasonic generator, white light flash lamp, bubble generator, and loudspeaker, and other processing methods are the same as Example 6. Finally, the infection of sea bass treated with Comparative Examples 1-25 was tested, and the results showed that a small amount of Cryptocaryon irritans residues were detected in Comparative Examples 1-25, that is, Cryptocaryon irritans were not completely shed.

Claims

1. A net cage for sea bass breeding pond, characterized in that: The cage body comprises a cage body and a base. The cage body is in a cubic shape and is composed of support rods and a mesh body between the support rods. The support rods comprise four horizontal rods, four longitudinal rods and four vertical rods. The mesh body comprises five mesh bodies fixed between the support rods. The upper part of the cage body is open. The support rods and the mesh body are both made of stainless steel. The mesh diameter of the bottom mesh body is 0.2 mm, and the mesh diameter of the surrounding mesh bodies is 0.5 mm. Handles are respectively arranged on the two opposite longitudinal rods on the upper part of the cage body, and hanging ears are respectively arranged on the lower parts of the four vertical rods of the cage body. The base is also in a cubic shape and comprises 12 support rods and 6 mesh bodies between the support rods. The support rods and the mesh body of the base are also made of stainless steel. The base is of the same size as the cage body, and the four upper sides of the base are The hooks at the corners can cooperate with the hanging ears to fix the cage body and the base; the four parallel partitions divide the base into five accommodating chambers, and the five accommodating chambers respectively accommodate a wave-making pump, an ultrasonic generator, a white light flash, a bubble generator, and a speaker. Corresponding control switches are respectively arranged outside the five accommodating chambers. At the same time, a battery is also arranged in the middle accommodating chamber to power the wave-making pump, the ultrasonic generator, the white light flash, the bubble generator, and the speaker. The battery, wires, control switches and the above five electrical appliances are all waterproofed; the wave-making pump can generate a water flow with a flow rate of 3-5m / s, the ultrasonic generator generates an ultrasonic frequency of 60KHZ, and the white light flash generates a flash with a light intensity of 1X10 5 Lux, the bubble generator produces bubbles with a diameter of 0.5-1cm, and the speaker can produce a sound of 80 decibels.

2. The method of using the net cage is as follows: the cage body and the base are connected by hooks and hanging ears, the assembled net cage is placed in a perch breeding pond, the water surface of the perch breeding pond does not exceed 2 / 3 of the height of the net cage, the perch infected with Cryptocaryon irritans is transferred to the net cage, and after the perch adapts to the net cage for one hour, the control switches of the wave pump, ultrasonic generator, white light flash, bubble generator, and loudspeaker in the base are turned on in sequence, and the opening interval is 10 minutes, until the loudspeaker is turned on for one hour, all control switches are turned off, and the perch is fished out and cultured in a clean pond; then the net cage is pulled out, the cage body and the base are separated, and the base is cleaned and dried for standby use; the cage body is soaked in a mixture of acetic acid and citric acid for 30 minutes, so that all the Cryptocaryon irritans cysts mainly adhering to the mesh at the bottom of the cage body fall off, the fallen cysts are taken out for standby use, and finally the cage body is dried for standby use; the solvent of the mixture of acetic acid and citric acid is distilled water, and the acetic acid concentration in the mixture is 200ml / m 3 , citric acid concentration is 100 mg / m 3 .

3. A net cage for seabass breeding pond according to claim 1, characterized in that: Operate the net cage once a day according to its instructions for use for 3 consecutive days.

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