Power system dynamic carbon emission metering method based on marketing and distribution fusion data

Abstract

The invention is suitable for the technical field of carbon emission metering, and provides a marketing and distribution fusion data-based power system dynamic carbon emission metering method, which comprises the following steps of: purchasing electricity from a power generation enterprise or an outside-network part in carbon emission metering, and collecting power dynamic carbon emission data at a power generation side or flowing into the network; calculating power transmission loss, energy storage loss or outgoing power flowing out of the power grid according to the transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate, the energy storage loss rate or the outgoing power in the power grid operation process; according to the power transaction and the power transmission and distribution network operation data, classifying the power consumption of the power user and the power generation amount of the power generation enterprise according to the power transaction contract, and performing power production and use matching according to the power transmission and distribution network operation measured data; and calculating kilowatt-hour carbon emission factors of different links of the power system by combining the carbon emission intensity of the power generation side or the network access power based on the power type and the production and use relationship. According to the invention, accurate and reliable carbon emission data can be rapidly and economically provided, and a power utilization side is helped to understand and reduce carbon emission.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of carbon emission measurement, and in particular relates to a method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of an electric power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data. Background Art

[0002] The power industry needs to collaboratively consider carbon emission-related issues in all links of “source-grid-load-storage”, but the current power system determines the carbon emissions of relevant units through carbon verification, lacks measurement support, and has many problems.

[0003] With the steady expansion of electricity market transactions and green electricity and green certificate transactions, building a dynamic carbon emission measurement method for the power system based on big data such as electricity trading and transmission and distribution network operation data to achieve accurate measurement of carbon emissions from electricity consumption behavior will provide support for the power industry to promote green and low-carbon transformation.

[0004] There are three main methods for measuring carbon emissions in power systems: based on the average factor of regional power carbon emissions, based on power flow calculation, and based on power trading flow. Method based on the average factor of regional power carbon emissions: This method usually adopts the regional average carbon emission factor published by relevant departments or institutions, but the data update is slow and can only reflect the average level of a large region, but cannot reflect the differences within the region. Method based on power flow calculation: By simulating the flow of power in the power grid, the carbon emissions of each region can be calculated more accurately and the timeliness is stronger. However, this method has high computational complexity, especially when the power grid structure is complex. In addition, this method is based on the principle of "proportional sharing", which makes it difficult to accurately reflect the actual coupling relationship between power users and power consumption attributes, and is not conducive to green power trading. For example, power users close to thermal power plants cannot guarantee that they will enjoy green power. Method based on power trading: By analyzing the trading contracts between power users and power generation companies, the source of electricity can be accurately determined, and accurate measurement of carbon emissions can be achieved. For this reason, a dynamic carbon emission measurement method for power systems based on marketing and distribution fusion data is proposed. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power systems based on marketing and distribution fusion data, aiming to solve the problems raised in the above-mentioned background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for measuring dynamic carbon emissions of a power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data, comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step S1: For power generation enterprises included in carbon emission measurement or power purchased from outside the grid, dynamic carbon emission data of power on the power generation side or flowing into the grid are collected;

[0009] Step S2, calculating the power transmission loss, energy storage loss or the outgoing power flowing out of the grid according to the transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate, energy storage loss rate or outgoing power during the operation of the grid;

[0010] Step S3: Based on the power transaction and transmission and distribution network operation data, the power consumption of power users and the power generation of power generation enterprises are classified according to the power transaction contract, and the power production and use are matched according to the actual operation data of the transmission and distribution network;

[0011] Step S4: Based on the type of electricity and the relationship between production and use, combined with the carbon emission intensity of the power generation side or the power connected to the grid, calculate the carbon emission factors per kilowatt-hour of different links in the power system.

[0012] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 1 are as follows:

[0013] Step 11: Calculation of carbon emissions during power generation: Calculate carbon emissions based on the fuel usage and real-time grid-connected electricity of each power plant;

[0014] Step 12: Green electricity carbon emissions accounting: In the process of producing electricity, the carbon dioxide emissions of green electricity are zero or close to zero;

[0015] Step 13: Calculation of carbon emissions from off-grid electricity purchases: The following formula is used to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased electricity:

[0016] E 电 =AD 电 ×EF 电 ;

[0017] Where E 电 Emissions generated by purchasing electricity; AD 电 The electricity used for purchase; EF 电 is the grid emission factor; the grid emission factor adopts the latest value released by the relevant departments or institutions; the purchased electricity is obtained in the following priority order: a. according to the readings recorded by the meter; b. the data on the electricity bill settlement voucher provided by the supplier.

[0018] Furthermore, the specific steps of step 11 are as follows:

[0019] a. Determination of accounting boundary: The accounting boundary is the power generation facilities;

[0020] b. Determination of emission sources: The scope of greenhouse gas emissions accounting for thermal power generation facilities is carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels;

[0021] c. Calculation method: Fossil fuel combustion emissions are the sum of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels in power generation facilities during the statistical period;

[0022] For elemental carbon measurements, the following formula is used to calculate emissions from fossil fuel combustion:

[0023]

[0024] Where E 燃烧 Emissions from fossil fuel combustion; FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel; C ar,i is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel; OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fossil fuel; is the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon; i is the code for the type of fossil fuel;

[0025] For the actual measurement of coal element carbon, the following formula is used to calculate the received element carbon content:

[0026]

[0027] Among them C ar is the carbon content of the received element; C ad is the elemental carbon content on an air-dried basis; C d is the elemental carbon content on a dry basis; M ar To receive the base moisture, use the key emission unit measurement value; M ad It is the moisture content on air-dried basis, using the value of the test sample;

[0028] For those without actual measurement of element carbon, the following formula is used to calculate the received element carbon content:

[0029] C ar,i =NCV ar,i ×CC i ;

[0030] Among them C ar,i NCV is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel; ar,i is the received base lower calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel; CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0031] For the co-firing of biomass, the heat percentage is calculated using the following formula:

[0032]

[0033] Where P biomass Q is the ratio of the heat of biomass co-combustion to the total heat of fuel in the unit; cr is the heat produced by the boiler; gl is the boiler efficiency; FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel; NCV ar,iis the received base low calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel;

[0034] The carbon emissions from coal consumption for power generation are calculated using the following formula, excluding the carbon emissions from heat generation:

[0035] E 电 =E 总 -E 热 ;

[0036] Where E 电 Represents the carbon emissions from electricity generation only; E 总 Represents the carbon emissions generated by the power plant as a whole; E 热 represents the carbon emissions for heat production alone;

[0037] The carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity are calculated using the following formula:

[0038]

[0039] in:

[0040]

[0041] Of which CO2 ELE CO2 is the CO2 emission from power plants that produce electricity only; CO2 CHP is the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity and heat; OWNUSE is the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity, generate electricity and heat, and generate heat; ELout is the total amount of electricity generated by power plants that generate electricity and generate electricity and heat; ELout ELE The amount of electricity generated by a power plant that only produces electricity; ELout CHP is the amount of electricity generated by the combined heat and power plant; HEout is the total amount of heat generated by the combined heat and power plant; HEout CHP is the total heat generated by the combined heat and power plant; CHPin is the amount of energy input to the combined heat and power plant; EFF heat is the heat production efficiency;

[0042] d. Data monitoring and acquisition: The coal consumption shall be measured by the coal entering the furnace using a calibrated conveyor scale or a pressure-resistant metering coal feeder, and the metering data recorded by the production system shall be used; the fuel oil and gas consumption shall be measured monthly continuously.

[0043] Furthermore, the specific steps of step S2 are as follows:

[0044] Step S21, calculate the power transmission loss: calculate the power loss according to the power transmission and distribution network loss rate of the power grid, and obtain the overall network loss rate data by counting the difference between the power output of the power plant enterprise to the network and the power input on the power consumption side; the network transmission loss is obtained by the difference between the output and input power between the nodes of the power transmission and distribution facilities;

[0045] Step S22, calculate energy storage loss: obtain real-time electric power information, measure the cumulative amount of electricity flowing into the two-way system during charging and the carbon emission responsibility transferred to the system while considering the loss; measure the cumulative amount of electricity consumed during energy storage and its own energy use and the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the amount of electricity; measure the cumulative amount of electricity flowing out of the two-way system during discharge and the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the amount of electricity while considering the loss; clarify the source of electricity stored in the power energy storage, and consider the loss of power conversion efficiency. The lost electricity is borne by the power storage side itself; if there is a situation of reverse charging into the power grid, count the amount of electricity charged, and deduct the amount of electricity charged during the charging and discharging loss process;

[0046] Step S23, calculate the outbound power flowing into the grid: the grid power consumption on the power consumption side includes two forms: direct consumption and off-grid power sales;

[0047] If direct consumption is adopted, the electricity user will bear the carbon emission responsibility for the corresponding amount of electricity. That is, the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant minus the carbon emissions lost during the transmission process, and the corresponding carbon emissions of the electricity that finally reaches the electricity user will be calculated.

[0048] If the off-grid electricity sales method is adopted, the amount of electricity sold will be converted according to the corresponding carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour, the carbon emissions will be calculated, and the carbon emission responsibility will be transferred to the unit that uses this part of the electricity.

[0049] Furthermore, in step S4, by simulating thermal power transactions, green power transactions and hybrid power scenarios, and calculating the carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour of electricity based on the integrated data of power grid operation and distribution, the carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour of electricity is multiplied by the real-time measured meter data of each part of the distribution network to convert the actual carbon emissions caused by the corresponding electricity consumption; the carbon emission factor reflects the carbon emission intensity implied in each kilowatt-hour of electricity used on the electricity consumption side.

[0050] Furthermore, in the thermal power trading scenario, the power consumption side or the energy storage side directly purchases the power of a specific power plant from the power grid through power trading, and the power of the specific power plant enters the external network or the power consumption side through a specific line of the power grid;

[0051] If there is no additional loss in the transmission and distribution process, the carbon emission factor of electricity entering the external grid or the electricity consumption side is calculated by dividing the carbon emissions of a specific power plant by the electricity sales. The calculation formula is:

[0052]

[0053] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant in a period of time; C 源 Only the carbon emissions generated by power generation are calculated; if the power generation side adopts the form of off-grid electricity purchase, the purchased electricity will be included in the calculation, and the carbon emissions of the purchased electricity will be obtained by multiplying the purchased electricity by the purchased carbon emission factor, and added to the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant;

[0054] If the power loss generated in the transmission line process is taken into account, the actual amount of electricity connected to the grid or used is counted, and the actual amount of electricity used on the power consumption side is obtained by deducting the power loss generated in the transmission and distribution process. That is, the carbon emission factor is calculated based on the actual amount of electricity used. The calculation formula is:

[0055]

[0056] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter within a period of time;

[0057] The amount of electricity lost during the process is obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity measured by the power plant input into the power grid from the amount measured by the electricity consumption side. The difference multiplied by the carbon emission factor is the carbon emission loss generated during the transmission process.

[0058] E 损 =(EL 源 -EL 用 )*EF 电 ;

[0059] Where E 损 The carbon emissions generated by power transmission losses.

[0060] Furthermore, in the green electricity trading scenario, the electricity user or energy storage side directly purchases green electricity from the grid through electricity trading, and the carbon emission factor calculation formula is:

[0061]

[0062] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant over a period of time; EL 绿 The amount of green electricity purchased from electricity trading within a period of time; EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time.

[0063] Furthermore, in the hybrid power scenario, the carbon emission factor calculation formula is:

[0064]

[0065] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant over a period of time; EL in The amount of electricity purchased from power trading within a period of time, including green power trading and reverse charging into the grid; EL out The amount of electricity sold to the outside of the grid by all links within a period of time; EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time, including transmission and distribution line losses and energy storage power station conversion losses; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time.

[0066] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0067] This method of dynamic carbon emission measurement for power systems based on marketing and distribution fusion data is mainly applicable to regional power systems with a high degree of power marketization and relatively complete marketing and distribution data. This method can quickly and economically achieve the carbon emission measurement target of the power system, provide accurate and reliable basic data for the carbon verification work of the power system, help the linkage and unification of rights and interests between the carbon market and the power market, help the power users understand the carbon emission intensity, and guide the power users to save energy and reduce emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0068] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the present invention.

[0069] Figure 2 This is the dynamic daily output curve of thermal power generation in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0070] Figure 3 This is the dynamic daily output curve of wind power and photovoltaic power generation in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0071] Figure 4 This is the daily power output curve of the power generation side within the region in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0072] Figure 5 This is the transmission power load and carbon emission factor curve in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0073] Figure 6 This is the curve of the power load and carbon emission factor in the grid in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0074] Figure 7 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U1 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0075] Figure 8This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U2 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0076] Fig. 9 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U3 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0077] Fig.10 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U4 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0078] Fig.11 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U5 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0079] Fig.12 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of customer U6 in Example 1 of the present invention.

[0080] Fig.13 This is the electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of other customers in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0081] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0082] The specific implementation of the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0083] like Figure 1 As shown, a method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of a power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data is provided in one embodiment of the present invention, comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step S1: For power generation enterprises included in carbon emission measurement or power purchased from outside the grid, dynamic carbon emission data of power on the power generation side or flowing into the grid are collected;

[0085] Step S2, calculating the power transmission loss, energy storage loss or the outgoing power flowing out of the grid according to the transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate, energy storage loss rate or outgoing power during the operation of the grid;

[0086] Step S3: Based on the power system operation data such as power trading and transmission and distribution network operation data, the power consumption of power users and the power generation of power generation enterprises are classified according to the power trading contract, and the power production and use are matched according to the actual operation data of the transmission and distribution network;

[0087] Step S4: Based on the type of electricity and the relationship between production and use, combined with the carbon emission intensity of the power generation side or the power connected to the grid, calculate the carbon emission factors per kilowatt-hour of different links in the power system.

[0088] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step 1 are as follows:

[0089] Step 11: Calculation of carbon emissions during power generation: The carbon emissions of the power system mainly come from the combustion of fossil fuels in thermal power generation on the power generation side. This part requires calculating carbon emissions based on the fuel usage and real-time grid-connected electricity of each power plant. The specific steps are as follows:

[0090] a. Determination of accounting boundary: The accounting boundary is the power generation facilities, which mainly include the combustion system, electrical system, control system and dust removal, desulfurization and denitrification devices, but does not include other auxiliary production systems and ancillary production systems within the plant.

[0091] b. Determination of emission sources: The scope of greenhouse gas emission accounting for thermal power generation facilities is mainly carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels, generally including carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels consumed by major production systems such as power generation boilers (including startup boilers) and gas turbines, as well as carbon dioxide emissions from the use of fossil fuels to heat flue gas in desulfurization and denitrification devices. Emissions generated by the consumption of fossil fuels by other facilities such as emergency diesel generators, mobile sources, and canteens are not included. For carbon dioxide emissions generated by biomass power generation units that burn fossil fuels, garbage (including sludge) incineration power generation units, etc., only the carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuels in the fuel are counted. For fossil fuel power generation units that burn biomass (including garbage and sludge), the proportion of heat from the burned biomass should be calculated.

[0092] c. Calculation method: Fossil fuel combustion emissions are the sum of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels in power generation facilities during the statistical period;

[0093] For elemental carbon measurements, the emissions from fossil fuel combustion are calculated using Formula 1:

[0094] Formula 1:

[0095] Where E 燃烧 is the emission from fossil fuel combustion, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons (t) for solid or liquid fuels and in ten thousand standard cubic meters (10 4 Nm 3 );C ar,i is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons of carbon / ton (tC / t) for solid or liquid fuels and tons of carbon / 10,000 standard cubic meters (tC / 10 4 Nm 3 );OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the ith fossil fuel, expressed in %; is the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon; i is the code for the type of fossil fuel;

[0096] For the actual measurement of coal element carbon, the received element carbon content is calculated using formula 2:

[0097] Formula 2: or

[0098] Among them C ar is the carbon content of the basic element, in tons of carbon / ton (tC / t); C ad is the elemental carbon content on an air-dried basis, expressed in tons of carbon / ton (tC / t); C d M is the elemental carbon content on a dry basis, expressed in tons of carbon / ton (tC / t); ar To receive the base moisture, use the key emission unit measurement value, expressed in %; M ad It is the moisture content on air-dried basis, using the value of the test sample, expressed in %;

[0099] For those without actual measurement of element carbon, the received element carbon content is calculated using Formula 3:

[0100] Formula 3: C ar,i =NCV ar,i ×CC i ;

[0101] Among them C ar,i is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons of carbon / ton (tC / t) for solid or liquid fuels and tons of carbon / 10,000 standard cubic meters (tC / 10 4 Nm 3 ); NCV ar,i is the received lower calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, in GJ / t for solid or liquid fuels and GJ / 10 4 Nm 3 );CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons of carbon per gigajoules (tC / GJ);

[0102] For the co-firing of biomass, the heat ratio is calculated using formula 4:

[0103] Formula 4:

[0104] Where P biomass The ratio of the heat of biomass co-combustion to the total heat of fuel in the unit, expressed in %. Q cr is the heat output of the boiler, in GJ; η gl is the boiler efficiency, expressed in %; FCi is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel, in tons (t) for solid or liquid fuels and in ten thousand standard cubic meters (10 4 Nm 3 ); NCV ar,i is the received lower calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel, in GJ / t for solid or liquid fuels and GJ / 10 4 Nm 3 .

[0105] The boiler efficiency value is the efficiency test value corresponding to the maximum load in the most recent boiler thermal performance test report issued by a testing agency / laboratory that has passed the CMA or CNAS accreditation and whose testing capabilities include power station boiler performance tests. The report should be stamped with the CMA accreditation mark or CNAS accreditation mark. For those who have not conducted actual measurements or whose actual measurement reports do not have the CMA accreditation mark or CNAS accreditation mark, the design value corresponding to the maximum load in the boiler design manual or boiler operating procedures can be used.

[0106] Considering that some power generation facilities may adopt the form of combined heat and electricity, in which the coal consumed is not entirely used for power generation, the carbon emissions used for heat generation are excluded by using Formula 5, and only the carbon emissions from coal consumption used for power generation are calculated:

[0107] Formula 5: E 电 =E 总 -E 热 ;

[0108] Where E 电 Represents the carbon emissions from electricity generation only; E 总 Represents the carbon emissions generated by the power plant as a whole; E 热 represents the carbon emissions for heat production alone;

[0109] The carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity are calculated using the following formula:

[0110] Formula 6:

[0111] in:

[0112] Formula 7:

[0113] Formula 8:

[0114] Of which CO2 ELE CO2 emissions from power plants that produce electricity only, in ktCO2; CO2 CHPis the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity and heat, in ktCO2; OWNUSE is the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity, generate electricity and heat, and generate heat, in ktCO2; ELout is the total electricity generated by power plants that generate electricity and generate electricity and heat, in GWh; ELout ELE The amount of electricity generated by a power plant that only produces electricity, in GWh; ELout CHP is the amount of electricity generated by the combined heat and power plant, in GWh; HEout is the total heat generated by the combined heat and power plant, in TJ; HEout CHP is the total heat generated by the combined heat and power plant, in TJ; CHPin is the energy input by the combined heat and power plant, in ktoe; EFF heat is the heat generation efficiency: Assume 0.9 (i.e. 90%), unless the efficiency of the combined heat and power generation is observed to be greater than 90%, then use the proportional method (EFF HEAT =EFF ELEC =EFF CHP ) allocate emissions.

[0115] d. Data monitoring and acquisition: Coal consumption shall be measured by the coal entering the furnace measured by a belt scale or pressure-resistant metering coal feeder after verification, and the metering data recorded by the production system shall be used; the belt scale shall be calibrated with real coal or circulating chain code once a month, or at least once a quarter, the belt scale shall be compared with the real coal measurement. If the conditions for measuring the coal entering the furnace are not met, the consumption data in the purchase and sales ledger shall be used for statistics based on the daily or batch inventory measurement of the coal entering the factory.

[0116] The consumption of fuel oil and gas shall be measured continuously on a monthly basis. If the conditions for continuous measurement are not met, the monthly consumption data in the purchase and sales ledger shall be obtained through inventory measurement.

[0117] Step 12: Green electricity carbon emission accounting: Green electricity refers to the process of producing electricity with zero or close to zero carbon dioxide emissions, because it has a lower impact on the environment than electricity produced by other means (such as thermal power generation). The main sources of green electricity are solar energy, wind power, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. However, the part of biomass power generation mixed with fossil fuels still needs to be counted in the carbon emissions of thermal power generation, and the part of pure biomass power generation does not need to be counted in carbon emissions.

[0118] Step 13, accounting for carbon emissions from off-grid electricity purchases: In the electricity market, the transaction contracts formed between different electricity users and power generators through various types of transactions also have the problem of identifying their electricity consumption at the settlement level. It is necessary to agree on the settlement methods for various types of contract electricity and deviation electricity on the electricity user side to achieve decoupling of electricity at the settlement level. Therefore, according to the division or clearing of electricity consumption of each enterprise in each period in the market settlement, a virtual "electricity trading flow" can also be determined, thereby realizing the tracking of its corresponding power generation source.

[0119] Specifically, the contracted electricity volume formed through bilateral negotiation transactions (including green electricity transactions) can directly determine the carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of the contract based on the power generation type of the counterparty, that is, if green electricity is purchased, the corresponding carbon emissions can be recorded as zero; the contracted electricity volume formed through centralized transactions can be weighted to form the carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour based on all power generation entities participating in the centralized transaction and clearing, and the deviation electricity volume can be calculated by the full market weighting or other reasonable methods. While forming the electricity bill settlement list, the carbon emission factors of each enterprise's electricity consumption are also issued simultaneously.

[0120] The carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased electricity are calculated using Formula 9:

[0121] Formula 9: E 电 =AD 电 ×EF 电 ;

[0122] Where E 电 The amount of emissions generated by the purchased electricity, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); AD 电 The unit of electricity used is megawatt-hour (MW·h); EF 电 The power grid emission factor is measured in tons of carbon dioxide per megawatt-hour (tCO2 / MW·h). The power grid emission factor adopts the latest value released by the relevant departments or institutions; the purchased electricity is obtained in the following priority order: a. According to the readings recorded by the meter; b. The data on the electricity bill settlement voucher provided by the supplier.

[0123] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the specific steps of step S2 are as follows:

[0124] Step S21, calculate the power transmission loss: calculate the power loss according to the power grid transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate. This part can be obtained by statistically analyzing the difference between the amount of electricity output from the power plant enterprise to the network and the amount of electricity input from the power consumption side to obtain the overall network loss rate data. The specific network transmission loss can be obtained by the difference between the output and input electricity between the nodes of the transmission and distribution facilities.

[0125] Step S22, calculate energy storage loss: The basic physical principles of power storage systems are different, but from the perspectives of charging, discharging, and electricity consumption, the energy storage systems can be unified into exactly the same simplified physical model for carbon emission calculation and consideration. In addition to obtaining real-time power information, the following three pieces of information need to be accurately and reliably measured:

[0126] 1) The accumulated amount of electricity flowing into the bidirectional system during the charging process and the carbon emission responsibility transferred to the system (losses need to be considered).

[0127] 2) The accumulated electricity consumed in the process of energy storage and own energy use, as well as the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to this electricity.

[0128] 3) The accumulated amount of electricity flowing out of the bidirectional system during the discharge process and the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to this amount of electricity (losses need to be taken into account).

[0129] At the same time, it is necessary to clarify the source of the electricity stored in the power storage and consider the loss of power conversion efficiency. This part of the lost electricity is borne by the power storage side itself. However, if there is a situation of reverse charging into the grid, it is necessary to count the amount of electricity charged in and deduct this part of the charged electricity during the charging and discharging loss process.

[0130] Step S23, calculate the outbound power flowing into the grid: the grid power consumption on the power consumption side includes two forms: direct consumption and off-grid power sales;

[0131] If direct consumption is adopted, the electricity user will bear the carbon emission responsibility for the corresponding amount of electricity. That is, the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant minus the carbon emissions lost in the intermediate process, and the corresponding carbon emissions of the electricity that finally reaches the electricity user will be calculated;

[0132] If the off-grid electricity sales method is adopted, the amount of electricity sold will be converted according to the corresponding carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour, the carbon emissions will be calculated, and the carbon emission responsibility will be transferred to the unit that uses this part of the electricity.

[0133] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S4, through the above process, the carbon emissions and process power loss in a certain period of time can be obtained based on the power trading data and the real-time measurement data of the transmission and distribution network meters and other marketing and distribution fusion data, and the dynamic carbon emission factor of the power consumption side can be calculated based on this to infer the carbon emissions of each part of the power consumption. The carbon emission measurement method based on the power grid marketing and distribution fusion data is simulated and constructed by classifying it into thermal power trading, green power trading and hybrid power scenarios, as follows:

[0134] 1) In the thermal power trading scenario, the power user or energy storage side directly purchases the power of a specific power plant from the power grid through power trading, and the power of the specific power plant enters the external grid or the power user side through a specific line of the power grid;

[0135] If there is no additional loss in the transmission and distribution process, the carbon emission factor of the power grid or the power consumption side can be approximately considered as the carbon emission factor of the power generation end. That is, the carbon emission factor of the electricity entering the external grid or the power consumption side is calculated by dividing the carbon emissions of a specific power plant by the electricity sales. The calculation formula is:

[0136] Formula 10:

[0137] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant in a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h); C 源 Only the carbon emissions generated by power generation are calculated. Carbon emissions caused by heat generation and other forms are not included. If the power generation side adopts the form of off-grid electricity purchase, the purchased electricity must still be included in the calculation, and the purchased electricity multiplied by the purchased carbon emission factor is used to obtain the carbon emissions of the purchased electricity, which is added to the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant.

[0138] If the power loss generated in the transmission line process is taken into account, the actual amount of electricity connected to the grid or used is counted, and the actual amount of electricity used on the power consumption side is obtained by deducting the power loss generated in the transmission and distribution process. That is, the carbon emission factor is calculated based on the actual amount of electricity used. The calculation formula is:

[0139] Formula 11:

[0140] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); EL 用 It is the actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h);

[0141] The amount of electricity lost during the process is obtained by subtracting the electricity consumption meter from the power plant input into the power grid. The difference multiplied by the carbon emission factor is the carbon emission loss generated during the transmission process.

[0142] Formula 12: E 损 =(EL 源 -EL 用 )*EF 电 ;

[0143] Where E 损 The carbon emissions generated by the transmission process loss, in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2);

[0144] 2) In the green electricity trading scenario, the electricity user or energy storage side directly purchases green electricity from the grid through electricity trading. Since green electricity does not count carbon emissions, the added electricity does not increase carbon emissions. The carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour in the real-time calculation of the grid link system decreases due to the increase in electricity. The carbon emission factor calculation method is:

[0145] Formula 13:

[0146] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); EL 源 The total power generation of the power plant in a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h); EL 绿 The amount of green electricity purchased from power trading within a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h); EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time, measured in megawatt-hours (MW·h); EL 用 It is the actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h).

[0147] 3) In the hybrid power scenario, grid power is produced by the power generation side, enters the grid and energy storage, and is finally consumed by the power consumption side. This process needs to take into account the aforementioned power loss of the transmission line, the loss caused by the power conversion efficiency of the energy storage power station, the increase in the amount of electricity charged into the grid by electric vehicles or the power consumption side, and the sale of electricity outside the grid in the intermediate link.

[0148] The formula for calculating the carbon emission factor is as follows:

[0149] Formula 14:

[0150] Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time, measured in tons of carbon dioxide (tCO2); EL 源 The total power generation of the power plant in a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h); EL in The amount of electricity purchased from power trading within a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW h), including green power trading and reverse charging into the grid; EL out The amount of electricity sold to the outside of the grid by all links in a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h); EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time, measured in megawatt-hours (MW h), includes transmission and distribution line losses and energy storage power station conversion losses; EL 用 It is the actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time, in megawatt-hours (MW·h);

[0151] The carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour of electricity is multiplied by the real-time meter data measured in each part of the distribution network to convert the actual carbon emissions caused by the corresponding electricity consumption; the carbon emission factor reflects the carbon emission intensity implied in each kilowatt-hour of electricity used on the electricity consumption side.

[0152] The actual carbon emissions caused by the corresponding electricity consumption can be calculated by multiplying the carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour of electricity used by the electricity user or the power purchasing agency by the real-time meter data measured in each part of the distribution network. This carbon emission factor can also be used to reflect the carbon emission intensity implied in each kilowatt-hour of electricity used by the electricity user.

[0153] Embodiment 1, example analysis;

[0154] (1) Generator carbon emission scenario setting: Assume that the power grid generator G1 is 300MW, the fuel thermal utilization rate is 36%, and the average unit fuel emission F1 is 1.90t CO2 / t 燃 ; Generator G2 is 600MW, fuel thermal utilization rate is 38%, and the average unit fuel emission is F2 is 1.75t CO2 / t 燃 ; Generator G3 is 1000MW, fuel thermal utilization rate is 40%, and the average unit fuel emission is F3 is 1.61t CO2 / t 燃 The average power generation of photovoltaic unit G4 is 1028kWh / h, and the average power generation of wind turbine unit G4 is 2241.51kWh / h.

[0155] According to the selected thermal utilization rate and average carbon emission of fuel, the average power generation, carbon emission and carbon emission factor per unit time are calculated. The specific results are shown in Table 1:

[0156] Table 1 Average power generation, carbon emissions and carbon emission factors per unit time

[0157]

[0158] According to the real-time measurement results, the dynamic daily output curve of thermal power generation can be drawn, such as Figure 2 According to the similar method, the dynamic daily output curve of wind power generation and photovoltaic power generation can also be drawn, as shown in Figure 3 As shown. The daily power output curve of the integrated multi-energy generation side in the region is obtained by summarizing, as shown in Figure 4 shown.

[0159] (2) Total electricity load and embodied carbon emissions on the electricity consumption side: It is assumed that the regional power grid uses ultra-high voltage transmission lines to transmit electricity to the outside of the grid, and the line loss rate is 3.2%. There are many terminal users in the grid and the lines are complex, so the line loss rate is set to 4.1%.

[0160] The electricity consumption side distinguishes between off-grid electricity sales and on-grid end users. According to formula 1-9, the corresponding power system load and implicit carbon emission factor can be obtained. For details, see Figure 5 and Figure 6 .

[0161] (3) Power user load analysis and transmission and distribution network carbon emission analysis: Based on the power transaction data and the actual load data of the transmission and distribution network, the power load components of each specific customer can be analyzed. Assuming there are 6 customers, the following power transaction behaviors exist, as shown in Table 2:

[0162] Table 2 Electricity load structure of each customer

[0163]

[0164] According to formula 10-14 and considering the line loss rate, the real-time electricity load and carbon emission factor curve of each customer can be obtained as follows: Figure 7-13 shown.

[0165] From Table 1-2 and Figure 2-13 It can be seen that the carbon emission factors of electricity consumption of different customers depend on the energy type corresponding to the electricity trading contract and the power load of the distribution grid. The average carbon emission factors of customers U1 to U6 on the same day are 0, 0.83, 0.67, 0.67, 0.66, and 0.41t, respectively. CO2 / MWh, the average carbon emission factor of the remaining electricity per day is 0.63t CO2 / MWh, and at the same time realize the accounting and management of the average carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour, timely reflect the utilization of clean electricity by different customers, and meet the customers' subsequent response to carbon reduction needs of electricity consumption by optimizing electricity consumption behavior.

[0166] Therefore, the present invention adopts a dynamic carbon emission measurement method for the power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data, combines the dynamic carbon emission data on the power generation side, the network loss data on the power grid side, and the power trading and transmission and distribution network operation data, and quickly calculates the time-based carbon emission factor of each electricity user, thereby efficiently linking the clean energy power generation and the real-time carbon content of electricity consumption, providing data support for the requirements of true, transparent and traceable product carbon footprint accounting.

[0167] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, several modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention. These will not affect the effect of the implementation of the present invention and the practicality of the patent.

Claims

1. A method for measuring dynamic carbon emissions in a power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step S1: For power generation enterprises included in carbon emission measurement or power purchased from outside the grid, dynamic carbon emission data of power on the power generation side or flowing into the grid are collected; Step S2, calculating the power transmission loss, energy storage loss or the outgoing power flowing out of the grid according to the transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate, energy storage loss rate or outgoing power during the operation of the grid; Step S3: Based on the power transaction and transmission and distribution network operation data, the power consumption of power users and the power generation of power generation enterprises are classified according to the power transaction contract, and the power production and use are matched according to the actual operation data of the transmission and distribution network; Step S4: Based on the type of electricity and the relationship between production and use, combined with the carbon emission intensity of the power generation side or the power connected to the grid, calculate the carbon emission factors per kilowatt-hour of different links in the power system.

2. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step 1 are as follows: Step 11: Calculation of carbon emissions during power generation: Calculate carbon emissions based on the fuel usage and real-time grid-connected electricity of each power plant; Step 12: Green electricity carbon emissions accounting: In the process of producing electricity, the carbon dioxide emissions of green electricity are zero or close to zero; Step 13: Calculation of carbon emissions from off-grid electricity purchases: The following formula is used to calculate the carbon dioxide emissions generated by the purchased electricity: AND 电 =AD 电 ×EF 电 ; Where E 电 Emissions generated by purchasing electricity; AD 电 The electricity used for purchase; EF 电 is the grid emission factor; the grid emission factor adopts the latest value released by the relevant departments or institutions; the purchased electricity is obtained in the following priority order: a. according to the readings recorded by the meter; b. the data on the electricity bill settlement voucher provided by the supplier.

3. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step 11 are as follows: a. Determination of accounting boundary: The accounting boundary is the power generation facilities; b. Determination of emission sources: The scope of greenhouse gas emissions accounting for thermal power generation facilities is carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of fossil fuels; c. Calculation method: Fossil fuel combustion emissions are the sum of carbon dioxide emissions generated by the combustion of various fossil fuels in power generation facilities during the statistical period; For elemental carbon measurements, the following formula is used to calculate emissions from fossil fuel combustion: Where E 燃烧 Emissions from fossil fuel combustion; FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel; C ar,i is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel; OF i is the carbon oxidation rate of the i-th fossil fuel; is the ratio of the relative molecular mass of carbon dioxide to carbon; i is the code for the type of fossil fuel; For the actual measurement of coal element carbon, the following formula is used to calculate the received element carbon content: or Among them C ar is the carbon content of the received element; C ad is the elemental carbon content on an air-dried basis; C d is the elemental carbon content on a dry basis; M ar To receive base moisture, use the key emission unit measurement value; M ad It is the moisture content on air-dried basis, using the value of the test sample; For those without actual measurement of element carbon, the following formula is used to calculate the received element carbon content: C ar,i =NCV ar,i ×CC i ; Among them C ar,i NCV is the received elemental carbon content of the i-th fossil fuel; ar,i is the received base lower calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel; CC i is the carbon content per unit calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel; For the co-firing of biomass, the heat percentage is calculated using the following formula: Where P biomass Q is the ratio of the heat of biomass co-combustion to the total heat of fuel in the unit; cr Produces heat for the boiler; η gl is the boiler efficiency; FC i is the consumption of the i-th fossil fuel; NCV ar,i is the received base low calorific value of the i-th fossil fuel; The carbon emissions from coal consumption for power generation are calculated using the following formula, excluding the carbon emissions from heat generation: AND 电 =And 总 -AND 热 ; Where E 电 Represents the carbon emissions from electricity generation only; E 总 Represents the carbon emissions generated by the power plant as a whole; E 热 represents the carbon emissions for heat production alone; The carbon emissions per kilowatt-hour of electricity are calculated using the following formula: in: Among them, CO 2ELE is the CO2 emissions from power plants that produce electricity only; CO 2CHP is the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity and heat; OWNUSE is the CO2 emission from power plants that generate electricity, generate electricity and heat, and generate heat; ELout is the total amount of electricity generated by power plants that generate electricity and generate electricity and heat; ELout ELE The amount of electricity generated by a power plant that only produces electricity; ELout CHP is the amount of electricity generated by the combined heat and power plant; HEout is the total amount of heat generated by the combined heat and power plant; HEout CHP is the total heat generated by the combined heat and power plant; CHPin is the amount of energy input to the combined heat and power plant; EFF heat is the heat production efficiency; d. Data monitoring and acquisition: The coal consumption shall be measured by the coal entering the furnace using a calibrated conveyor scale or a pressure-resistant metering coal feeder, and the metering data recorded by the production system shall be used; the fuel oil and gas consumption shall be measured monthly continuously.

4. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific steps of step S2 are as follows: Step S21, calculating power transmission loss: calculating power loss according to the power transmission, transformation and distribution network loss rate, and obtaining overall network loss rate data by counting the difference between the power output of the power plant enterprise to the network and the power input on the power consumption side; The network transmission loss is obtained by the difference between the output and input power between the transmission and distribution facility nodes; Step S22, calculate energy storage loss: obtain real-time electric power information, measure the cumulative amount of electricity flowing into the two-way system during charging and the carbon emission responsibility transferred to the system while considering the loss; measure the cumulative amount of electricity consumed during energy storage and its own energy use and the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the amount of electricity; measure the cumulative amount of electricity flowing out of the two-way system during discharge and the carbon emission responsibility corresponding to the amount of electricity while considering the loss; clarify the source of electricity stored in the power energy storage, and consider the loss of power conversion efficiency. The lost electricity is borne by the power storage side itself; if there is a situation of reverse charging into the power grid, count the amount of electricity charged, and deduct the amount of electricity charged during the charging and discharging loss process; Step S23, calculate the outbound power flowing into the grid: the grid power consumption on the power consumption side includes two forms: direct consumption and off-grid power sales; If direct consumption is adopted, the electricity user will bear the carbon emission responsibility for the corresponding amount of electricity. That is, the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant minus the carbon emissions lost during the transmission process, and the corresponding carbon emissions of the electricity that finally reaches the electricity user will be calculated. If the off-grid electricity sales method is adopted, the amount of electricity sold will be converted according to the corresponding carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour, the carbon emissions will be calculated, and the carbon emission responsibility will be transferred to the unit that uses this part of the electricity.

5. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 1 is characterized in that: In step S4, the carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour is calculated by simulating thermal power transactions, green power transactions and hybrid power scenarios and based on the integrated data of power grid operation and distribution. The carbon emission factor per kilowatt-hour is multiplied by the real-time meter data measured in each part of the distribution network to convert the actual carbon emissions caused by the corresponding electricity consumption. The carbon emission factor reflects the carbon emission intensity implied in each kilowatt-hour of electricity used on the electricity consumption side.

6. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the thermal power trading scenario, the power user or energy storage side directly purchases the power of a specific power plant from the power grid through power trading, and the power of the specific power plant enters the external network or the power user side through a specific line of the power grid; If there is no additional loss in the transmission and distribution process, the carbon emission factor of electricity entering the external grid or the electricity consumption side is calculated by dividing the carbon emissions of a specific power plant by the electricity sales. The calculation formula is: Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant in a period of time; C 源 Only the carbon emissions generated by power generation are calculated; if the power generation side adopts the form of off-grid electricity purchase, the purchased electricity will be included in the calculation, and the carbon emissions of purchased electricity will be obtained by multiplying the purchased electricity by the purchased carbon emission factor, and added to the total carbon emissions generated by the power plant; If the power loss generated in the transmission line process is taken into account, the actual amount of electricity connected to the grid or used is counted, and the actual amount of electricity used on the power consumption side is obtained by deducting the power loss generated in the transmission and distribution process. That is, the carbon emission factor is calculated based on the actual amount of electricity used. The calculation formula is: Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter within a period of time; The amount of electricity lost during the process is obtained by subtracting the amount of electricity measured by the power plant input into the power grid from the amount measured by the electricity consumption side. The difference multiplied by the carbon emission factor is the carbon emission loss generated during the transmission process. AND 损 (THE) 源 -HE 用 )*EF 电 ; Where E 损 Carbon emissions caused by power transmission losses.

7. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the green electricity trading scenario, the electricity user or energy storage side directly purchases green electricity from the grid through electricity trading. The carbon emission factor calculation formula is: Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant over a period of time; EL 绿 The amount of green electricity purchased from electricity trading within a period of time; EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time.

8. The method for dynamic carbon emission measurement of power system based on marketing and distribution fusion data according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In the hybrid power scenario, the carbon emission factor calculation formula is: Among them C 源 The carbon emissions generated by power plants over a period of time; EL 源 is the total power generation of the power plant over a period of time; EL in The amount of electricity purchased from power trading within a period of time, including green power trading and reverse charging into the grid; EL out The amount of electricity sold to the outside of the grid by all links within a period of time; EL 损 The amount of electricity lost during the transmission process over a period of time, including transmission and distribution line losses and energy storage power station conversion losses; EL 用 The actual amount of electricity measured by the electricity consumption meter over a period of time.

Images