Patch antenna and omnidirectional antenna array and coplanar radiating antenna array comprising same

Abstract

The invention provides a patch antenna which comprises a first insulating medium substrate and a second insulating medium substrate which are stacked, a metal layer is arranged on the first insulating medium substrate, and a radiation patch is arranged on the second insulating medium substrate. The patch antenna further comprises a plurality of strip-shaped metal structures, each strip-shaped metal structure penetrates through the first insulating medium substrate and the second insulating medium substrate, the first end of each strip-shaped metal structure is electrically connected with the metal layer, and a metal sheet is attached to the second end of each strip-shaped metal structure. The multiple strip-shaped metal structures are arranged to surround the radiation patch and are separated from the radiation patch, at least two strip-shaped metal structures are located on the first side of the radiation patch and located on the opposite second side, and the metal sheets attached to the two strip-shaped metal structures which are located on the same side and are farthest away from each other are bent towards each other; an included angle larger than or equal to 0 degree and smaller than 90 degrees is formed between the bent metal sheet and the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate. In addition, the invention also relates to an omnidirectional antenna array and a coplanar radiating antenna array comprising the patch antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the field of communication technology. Specifically, the present disclosure relates to a patch antenna, and also to an omnidirectional antenna array and a coplanar radiation antenna array including the patch antenna. Background Art

[0002] With the development of communication technology, the Internet of Things technology has made great progress, and the Internet of Everything has become a major trend of development. The basis for achieving interconnection in the Internet of Things is high-throughput, low-latency network coverage based on antennas. Therefore, an omnidirectional antenna array is required to achieve basic network coverage. In the related art, the beam width of the patch antenna is generally small, resulting in the need for more patch antennas (usually 6) when forming an omnidirectional antenna array; in addition, the related art also teaches to increase the beam width by bending the radiating patch itself, but this method will increase the cross-sectional profile of the antenna to a certain extent, thereby affecting subsequent applications, and on the other hand, it will increase the complexity of the structure of the patch antenna, which will lead to a more difficult manufacturing process and higher costs. Summary of the invention

[0003] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a patch antenna is provided, which includes: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate includes a first surface and an opposite second surface, and a metal layer is arranged on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate includes a first surface and an opposite second surface, and a first radiation patch is arranged on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked so that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; a plurality of strip metal structures located on both sides of the first radiation patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, and each strip metal structure The first end of the structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and the second end thereof is attached to a metal sheet, the multiple strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on a first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on a second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate.

[0004] According to some exemplary embodiments, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

[0005] According to some exemplary embodiments, the multiple strip metal structures include four strip metal structures, wherein two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and a quadrilateral formed by connecting the first ends of the strip metal structures in sequence surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0006] According to some exemplary embodiments, the orthographic projection of the patch antenna on the first insulating dielectric substrate is a rectangle, and the four strip-shaped metal structures are respectively located at four corners of the patch antenna.

[0007] According to some exemplary embodiments, metal sheets to which two strip-shaped metal structures are attached on the same side of the first radiation patch are bent toward each other.

[0008] According to some exemplary embodiments, the second end of the strip metal structure is flush with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

[0009] According to some exemplary embodiments, the metal routing of two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch is configured to be deflected toward the first radiation patch or away from the first radiation patch relative to a line between the second ends of the two strip metal structures on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the range of the deflection angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

[0010] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna further includes a second radiation patch disposed on a second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiation patch.

[0011] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna also includes at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate arranged between the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, at least one intermediate radiating patch is arranged on the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate, and the orthographic projection of the intermediate radiating patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiating patch.

[0012] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna further includes a feeding line disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, the feeding line being electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

[0013] According to some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna also includes a coaxial cable, which runs through the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the metal layer on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

[0014] According to some exemplary embodiments, a gap is provided in the metal layer, and an orthographic projection of the gap on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation plate; the patch antenna also includes a wiring substrate, the wiring substrate includes a first surface and an opposite second surface, the second surface of the wiring substrate abuts against the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, a feed line is provided on the first surface of the wiring substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the metal layer.

[0015] According to some exemplary embodiments, the shape of the slit includes an H-shape.

[0016] According to some exemplary embodiments, a polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the strip-shaped metal structures surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0017] According to some exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the first end of each strip metal structure to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength of the patch antenna.

[0018] According to the second aspect of the present disclosure, an omnidirectional antenna array is provided, comprising at least three patch antennas according to the first aspect of the present disclosure and its respective exemplary embodiments, wherein the at least three patch antennas are arranged so that: axes passing through the center of each patch antenna and extending along the normal direction of the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate intersect at one point.

[0019] According to some example embodiments, the at least three patch antennas are arranged to be in contact with each other.

[0020] According to some exemplary embodiments, the at least three patch antennas include three patch antennas, and an angle between two adjacent axes of the three patch antennas is 120 degrees.

[0021] According to some exemplary embodiments, a distance between centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of an operating wavelength of the patch antennas.

[0022] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a coplanar radiating antenna array is provided, comprising: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked so that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; and a plurality of patch antenna modules. Each patch antenna module includes: a metal layer arranged on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a first radiating patch arranged on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; a plurality of strip metal structures located on both sides of the first radiating patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, a first end of each strip metal structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet is attached to the second end thereof, the plurality of strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiating patch and be separated from the first radiating patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiating patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiating patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

[0023] According to some exemplary embodiments, the plurality of patch antenna modules include a low-frequency patch antenna module and a high-frequency patch antenna module.

[0024] According to some exemplary embodiments, in at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

[0025] According to some exemplary embodiments, each patch antenna module includes four strip metal structures, two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and a quadrilateral formed by connecting the first ends of each strip metal structure in sequence surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

[0026] According to some exemplary embodiments, in at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal traces attached to two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch extend toward each other.

[0027] According to some exemplary embodiments, at least one of the plurality of patch antenna modules further comprises a second radiation patch disposed on a second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on a first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation patch.

[0028] According to some exemplary embodiments, a polygon formed by sequentially connecting first ends of a plurality of strip-shaped metal structures included in each patch antenna module surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

[0029] According to some exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the first end of the multiple strip metal structures included in each patch antenna module to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the corresponding patch antenna module. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Hereinafter, various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings; in the accompanying drawings:

[0031] Figure 1 Schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0032] Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 Some details in the patch antenna shown;

[0033] Figure 3 Schematically shows Figure 1 Some details in the patch antenna shown;

[0034] Figure 4 Schematically shows Figure 1 Some details in the patch antenna shown;

[0035] Figure 5a and Figure 5b The simulation results of simulating a conventional patch antenna and a patch antenna according to the present disclosure are schematically shown respectively;

[0036] Figure 6a Schematically shows a situation where two metal sheets on the same side of a radiating patch in a patch antenna are not bent toward each other;

[0037] Figure 6b Schematically shows the Figure 6a The simulation results of the patch antenna with the metal sheet bent as shown;

[0038] Figure 7 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0039] Figure 8 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0040] Fig. 9 schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0041] Fig.10a and Fig.10b The simulation results of the patch antenna when the metal sheet has different deflection angles are schematically shown respectively;

[0042] Fig.11a and Fig.11b Some details of patch antennas according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are schematically shown respectively;

[0043] Fig.12 Schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig.13 Schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig.14 Schematically illustrates the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig.15 The structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown;

[0047] Fig.16 Schematically shows Fig.15The simulation results of the omnidirectional antenna array shown;

[0048] Fig.17a and Fig.17b schematically illustrates the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0049] Fig.18 The structure of a coplanar radiating antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure is schematically shown.

[0050] It should be understood that the accompanying drawings are only schematic illustrations of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, and are not intended to limit the present disclosure, nor are they necessarily drawn to scale. In addition, in the accompanying drawings, identical or similar features are indicated by identical or similar reference numerals. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] Various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can fully understand and implement the technical solutions according to the present disclosure.

[0052] See also Figure 1 , which schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 1 As shown, the patch antenna 100 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and a wiring substrate 130. The orthographic projection of the patch antenna 100 on the plane where the wiring substrate 130 is located has a rectangular shape. However, it should be understood that the orthographic projection of the patch antenna 100 on the wiring substrate 130 may also have any other suitable shape, such as a rectangle with rounded corners, a square, a rhombus, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited to this.

[0053] The first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and the wiring substrate 130 can be formed of any suitable insulating material. As a non-limiting example, such insulating materials may include, for example, glass, plastic, etc. A metal layer is provided on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and an H-shaped gap is provided in the metal layer for coupling feeding of the patch antenna 100. A first radiation patch 123 and a second radiation patch 124 are provided on the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, the first radiation patch 123 is located on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the second radiation patch 124 is located on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. However, it is also possible for the patch antenna to include fewer or more radiation patches, which will be described in detail below. A feed line 131 is provided on the bottom surface of the wiring substrate 130. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and the wiring substrate 130 are as shown in FIG. Figure 1As shown in FIG. 1 , the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and the wiring substrate 130 may be stacked together by bonding or adhesive. Figure 1 As shown, the top surface of the wiring substrate 130 is against the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 is against the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that although Figure 1 The patch antenna 100 shown includes a trace substrate 130 , but this is not necessary. In some other embodiments of the present disclosure, the patch antenna may not include the trace substrate 130 , which will be described in detail below.

[0054] Continue to see Figure 1 The patch antenna 100 further includes four vias 140 disposed through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, each of the vias 140 including a first via 111 located in the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and a first via 121 located in the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The first via 111 and the second via 121 are aligned with each other, and their hole walls are both covered with a metal layer, for example, both are copper plated. The lower end of the via 140 (that is, the lower end of the first via 111) is electrically connected to the metal layer on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the upper end of the via 140 (that is, the upper end of the second via 121) is flush with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The four vias 140 are disposed around the first radiating patch 123 and spaced apart therefrom, wherein two vias are located on one side of the first radiating patch 123, and the other two vias 140 are located on the other side opposite to the first radiating patch 123. In some exemplary embodiments, the quadrilateral formed by sequentially connecting the lower ends of the four vias 140 can surround the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 123 on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110. In other exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the lower end of each via 140 to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch 123 on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the operating wavelength of the patch antenna 100. Figure 1As shown, a metal sheet 122 is attached to the top of each via 140, and the metal sheets 122 attached to the two vias 140 on the same side of the first radiation patch 123 are bent toward each other to abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the metal sheets 122 attached to the two vias 140 on the other side of the first radiation patch 123 are also bent toward each other to abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, that is, the metal sheet 122 is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the metal sheet 122 may not be bent, or it is not necessary to be bent to abut against the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, which will be described in detail below. It should also be understood that the metal layer, metal sheet, etc. mentioned in the present disclosure can be made of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, copper, silver, aluminum, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited to this. In addition, Figure 1 It is shown that the cross-section of the via 140 may be circular, but it should be understood that the cross-section of the via 140 may also be any other suitable shape, such as rectangular, square, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited to this.

[0055] exist Figure 1 In the patch antenna 100 shown, the vias 140 with metal layers on the hole walls on both sides of the first radiation patch 123 and the second radiation patch 124 and the metal sheet 122 attached to the vias can constrain the electromagnetic waves when the patch antenna 100 is working, thereby enabling the patch antenna 100 to obtain a wider beam width. In addition, Figure 1 The bent arrangement of the metal sheet 122 shown can also achieve a lower profile of the patch antenna 100 , which is beneficial to the application of the patch antenna 100 .

[0056] It should be understood that according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the via 140 in the patch antenna 100 whose hole wall is covered with a metal layer can be replaced by any suitable strip metal structure, and such a strip metal structure can be implemented as a via (such as Figure 1 The via 140 shown in FIG. 1 may also be implemented as other suitable structures, such as but not limited to metal rods, metal strips, etc. The strip-shaped metal structure may be arranged through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and its first end may also be electrically connected to the metal layer on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and its second end may be flush with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, or may protrude from the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The second end of the strip-shaped metal structure is also attached with a corresponding metal sheet, such as Figure 1 Therefore, the structure of the strip metal structure and the metal sheet can also be like Figure 1The through hole 140 with a metal layer on the hole wall is attached to the metal sheet 122, so that the electromagnetic waves of the patch antenna 100 are constrained when the patch antenna 100 is working, so that the patch antenna 100 can obtain a wider beam width. In some exemplary embodiments, the patch antenna may include a plurality of strip metal structures, and are arranged such that: at least two strip metal structures are located on the first radiation patch (for example Figure 1 The at least two strip metal structures are located on a first side of the first radiation patch 123 shown in the figure, and the at least two strip metal structures are located on a second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side. The metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures that are farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, and the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures that are farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate.

[0057] See also Figure 2 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 Schematically shows Figure 1 The structure of the wiring substrate 130 in the patch antenna 100 is shown. The wiring substrate 130 includes a top surface 130a and a bottom surface 130b, and a feed line 131 is arranged on the bottom surface 130b, which is electrically connected to the metal layer on the first insulating medium substrate 110 through the wiring located on the side of the wiring substrate 130, so as to transmit an electrical signal thereto. Figure 2 The feeder 131 shown in the figure has a substantially L shape, but this is only for illustration and is not restrictive. According to actual needs, the feeder 131 can have any suitable form. It should also be understood that in some exemplary embodiments, the feeder 131 can also be arranged on the top surface 130a of the wiring substrate 130.

[0058] See also Figure 3 See also Figure 1 and Figure 2 , Figure 3 Schematically shows Figure 1 The structure of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 in the patch antenna 100 is shown. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 includes a top surface 110a and a bottom surface 110b. A metal layer 112 is disposed on the bottom surface 110b. Figure 3 It is shown in FIG. 1 that the entire bottom surface 110 b is covered by the metal layer 112 , but this is not necessary. In other embodiments, according to actual needs, the metal layer 112 may only cover a portion of the bottom surface 110 b . Figure 1The patch antenna 100 shown adopts a coupled feeding method, so the metal layer 112 can be electrically connected to the feed line 131 in the wiring substrate 130 so as to be used as a feeding layer. However, in other embodiments, for example, when other feeding methods (such as direct feeding methods or coaxial cable feeding methods) are adopted, the metal layer 112 can be grounded to be used as a grounding layer, and the wiring substrate 130 can be omitted in these non-coupled feeding cases, which will be described in detail below. A gap 113 is provided in the metal layer 112. In Figure 3 The middle gap 113 is shown to have an H shape. However, it should be understood that the gap 113 may also have any other suitable shape, and the present disclosure is not limited thereto. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 is also provided with a first via hole 111 penetrating therethrough, and the hole wall of the first via hole 111 is covered with a metal layer, such as copper plating, and the lower end of the first via hole 111 is electrically connected to the metal layer 112.

[0059] See also Figure 4 See also Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 , Figure 4 Schematically shows Figure 1 The structure of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 shown. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 includes a top surface 120a and a bottom surface 120b. A first radiation patch 123 is provided on the bottom surface 120b, and a second radiation patch 124 is provided on the top surface 120a, wherein the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 124 on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 falls within the range of the first radiation patch 123. In other embodiments, the orthographic projection of the second radiation patch 124 on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 may coincide with or partially overlap with the first radiation patch 123. The first radiation patch 123 and the second radiation patch 124 may be made of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 is also provided with a second via hole 121 passing through it. The hole wall of the second via hole 121 is covered with a metal layer, such as copper plating, and is aligned with the corresponding first via hole 111 in the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, thereby forming a corresponding via hole 140. The metal sheet 122 is attached to the upper end of the second via hole 121, and is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, thereby making the metal sheet 122 abut against the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. In this way, the patch antenna 100 can have a lower cross-sectional profile. In some embodiments, the metal sheet 122 can be a metal trace printed on the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. Thus, while the patch antenna 100 can have a lower cross-sectional profile, it can also simplify the manufacturing process and thereby reduce the manufacturing cost. It should also be understood that Figure 4 The second dielectric substrate 120 shown has a double-layer patch arrangement of Ford patches, which in this way can improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna 100. However, patch arrangements with fewer or more layers are also possible, which will be described in detail below.

[0060] See also Figure 5a and Figure 5b , which schematically show simulation results of a conventional patch antenna and a patch antenna according to the present disclosure, respectively. Figure 5a The beam width obtained by simulating a conventional patch antenna is schematically shown, wherein: Curve 1 shows the beam width of the conventional patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electrical signal is 29 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane when the horizontal plane angle Φ is 0 degrees (i.e., the XOZ plane when the Z axis is directed in the vertical direction in the XYZ space, and correspondingly, the YOZ plane is a plane when the horizontal plane angle Φ is 90 degrees). The gain of the conventional patch antenna is about 97.8 degrees from curve 1; curve 2 shows the gain of the conventional patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles θ (-90°≤θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 29 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 90 degrees (i.e., the YOZ plane in the XYZ space). It can be seen from curve 2 that the beam width of the conventional patch antenna in this case is about 89.3 degrees. In other words, the beam width of conventional patch antennas is generally less than 120 degrees, so that more than three patch antennas are required to achieve 360-degree omnidirectional coverage when forming an omnidirectional antenna array. Figure 5b The beam width obtained by simulating the patch antenna according to the present invention is schematically shown, wherein the curve shows the gain of the patch antenna according to the present invention with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. It can be seen from the curve that the beam width of the patch antenna according to the present invention in this case is about 132.4 degrees. It can be seen that the patch antenna according to the present invention can significantly increase its beam width, so that Figure 5b In the case shown, only three patch antennas according to the present disclosure are needed to achieve 360-degree omnidirectional coverage.

[0061] It should be understood that the bending of the metal sheet 122 in the patch antenna 100 according to the present disclosure should enable the two vias 140 and the attached metal sheet 122 located on the same side of the radiating patch to form a constraint on the electromagnetic field. That is, the two metal sheets 122 located on the same side of the radiating patch are either not bent at all, but extend in a direction perpendicular to the top surface of the second insulating medium substrate, or are bent toward each other when bending is required (for example, in order to obtain a patch antenna with a lower cross-sectional profile) so as to be able to constrain the electromagnetic field of the patch antenna. Otherwise, it may result in the inability to constrain the electromagnetic field of the patch antenna, and then the beam width of the patch antenna cannot be increased.

[0062] See also Figure 6a and Figure 6b , which shows the situation where the two metal sheets on the same side of the radiating patch in the patch antenna are not bent toward each other and the simulation results of the patch antenna. Figure 6a As shown, the two metal sheets 122 on the same side of the radiation patch in the patch antenna are not bent toward each other, but one metal sheet 122 extends from left to right in the figure, and the other adjacent metal sheet 122 extends from top to bottom. Therefore, the bending of the two metal sheets 122 on the same side of the radiation patch cannot form a constraint on the electromagnetic field, resulting in the inability to increase the beam width of the patch antenna. Figure 6b Schematically shows the Figure 6a Simulation results of the patch antenna with the metal strip bent as shown in . Figure 6b The curve in FIG. 1 shows that when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees, Figure 6a The gain of the patch antenna with the bent metal sheet shown in FIG. 1 is about different vertical plane angles θ (-90°≤θ≤90°). It can be seen from the curve that the metal sheet included in the patch antenna has Figure 6a In the bent case shown, the beamwidth of the patch antenna is only about 64.8 degrees.

[0063] See also Figure 7 , which schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 7As shown, the strip metal structure included in the patch antenna according to the present disclosure may have different cross-sections. The cross-section of the strip metal structure 140a may be circular, and the cross-section of the strip metal structure 140b may be rectangular, and the metal sheets 122a and 122b are attached to their top ends accordingly. In some exemplary embodiments, the metal sheets 122a and 122b may also be implemented as metal traces printed on the top surface 120a of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should be understood that for the strip metal structures 140a and 140b, their upper ends may not be flush with the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, but may continue to extend so as to protrude from the top surface. It should be understood that the strip metal structures 140a and 140b may be implemented as Figure 1 The patch antenna 100 shown has a via 140 whose hole wall is covered with a metal layer. In other examples, the strip metal structures 140a, 140b can be implemented as metal rods, which can be embedded in vias that penetrate, for example, the first and second insulating dielectric substrates in the patch antenna 100.

[0064] See also Figure 8 , which schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 8 As shown, the metal sheet attached to the second end of the strip metal structure may also have bends at other angles. For example, from the left side to the right side in the figure, four bending conditions of the metal sheet are shown, wherein in the leftmost condition, the metal sheet is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and in the rightmost condition, the metal sheet is not bent (or, the metal sheet forms an angle of 90 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate). Metal sheets with different bending angles can achieve the wide beam effect of the patch antenna, but different bending angles may cause the patch antenna to have different cross-sectional profiles. Therefore, in applications where a patch antenna with a lower cross-sectional profile is required, the metal sheet can be bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate. It should also be understood that when the metal sheet is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, the metal sheet can be implemented as a metal trace printed on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate. In this way, not only the low-profile profile of the patch antenna is achieved, but also the difficulty of the manufacturing process can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced accordingly.

[0065] See also Fig. 9 See also Figure 1 , Fig. 9 Schematically shows some details of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig. 9As shown, in the case where the metal sheet 122 is bent to form an angle of 0 degrees relative to the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 so as to abut against the top surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, or in the case where the metal sheet 122 is implemented as a metal trace printed in the top surface 120b, the metal sheet 122 can also be configured to be deflected relative to the line L between the top ends of the vias 140, for example, deflected away from the radiation patch, and the range of the deflection angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees. It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments, the metal sheet 122 can also be configured to be deflected toward the radiation patch relative to the line L between the top ends of the vias 140, and the range of the deflection angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

[0066] See also Fig.10a and Fig.10b , which schematically show the simulation results of the patch antenna when the metal sheet has different deflection angles. Fig.10a Shown as Fig. 9 In the deflection case shown, the metal sheet 122 is deflected away from the radiating patch and the beam width of the patch antenna is 10 degrees, wherein the patch antenna has Figure 1 The structure shown. Fig.10a The curve in shows the gain of the patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. Fig.10a It can be seen that at this time, the beam width of the patch antenna is about 122.1°. Fig.10b Shown as Fig. 9 In the deflection case shown, the metal sheet 122 is deflected away from the radiating patch and the beam width of the patch antenna is 5 degrees, wherein the patch antenna has Figure 1 The structure shown. Fig.10b The curve in shows the gain of the patch antenna with respect to different vertical plane angles Θ (-90°≤Θ≤90°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a horizontal plane angle Φ of 0 degrees. At this time, the beam width of the patch antenna is about 130.7°. Fig.10a and Fig.10b It can be seen that the smaller the deflection angle of the metal sheet 122 relative to the connecting line L between the top ends of the vias 140 is, the larger the beam width of the patch antenna is.

[0067] See also Fig.11a and Fig.11b , which schematically show some details of the patch antenna according to other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig.11a As shown, Figure 1The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 may be replaced by Fig.11a The second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 is shown in FIG. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 is different from the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in that the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 only has a first radiation patch 123 disposed on the bottom surface 120b. Fig.11b As shown, Figure 1 The second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 may also be replaced by Fig.11b The second insulating dielectric substrate 120-2 is shown in FIG. The second insulating dielectric substrate 120-2 is different from the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in that the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-2 only has a second radiation patch 124 disposed on the top surface 120a. Therefore, the patch antenna including the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-1 or 120-2 has a single-layer radiation patch arrangement.

[0068] See also Fig.12 , which schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.12 As shown, the patch antenna 200 and Figure 1 Compared with the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 , the only difference is that the patch antenna 200 further includes an intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 located between the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 may be formed of any suitable insulating material, and as a non-limiting example, such insulating material may include, for example, glass, plastic, etc. Fig.12 The intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 in the embodiment has an intermediate via 151 and an intermediate radiation patch 152. The hole wall of the intermediate via 151 is also covered with a metal layer (e.g., copper plating), and the intermediate via 151 is aligned with the first via 111 and the second via 121, thereby forming a via 140-1 that passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150, and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. The intermediate radiation patch 152 can be disposed on the bottom surface of the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150, and its orthographic projection on the bottom surface 120b of the second insulating dielectric substrate 110 at least partially overlaps with the first radiation patch 123. The intermediate radiation patch 152 can be formed of any suitable metal material, including but not limited to gold, silver, copper, aluminum, etc. It should be understood that in other embodiments, more than one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate 150 can be disposed between the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and accordingly, more than one intermediate radiation patch 152 can be included. The present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on the number of intermediate insulating dielectric substrates (and correspondingly, the number of intermediate radiating patches). Fig.12The patch antenna 200 shown has a multi-layer radiating patch arrangement, which is beneficial for further improving the bandwidth of the patch antenna.

[0069] See also Fig.13 , which schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.13 As shown, the patch antenna 300 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and a second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3. The structure of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 in the patch antenna 300 is similar to that of the first insulating dielectric substrate 120-3. Figure 1 The structure of the first insulating dielectric substrate 100 in the patch antenna 100 is the same as that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , and therefore, it will not be described in detail here. The structure of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3 in the patch antenna 300 is the same as that in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 . Figure 1 Compared with the structure of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 shown in FIG. 1 , the only difference is that a feed line 125 is further provided on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120-3, and the feed line 125 is electrically connected to the first radiation patch 123. As can be seen, Fig.13 The patch antenna 300 shown adopts a direct feed mode for the first radiating patch 123. In this way, the wiring substrate can be removed from the patch antenna 300, so that the patch antenna 300 can have a lower profile.

[0070] See also Fig.14 , which schematically shows the structure of a patch antenna according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.14 As shown, the patch antenna 400 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and a coaxial cable 160. The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 400 are connected to the coaxial cable 160. Figure 1 The first insulating dielectric substrate 110 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 in the patch antenna 100 shown have the same structure, so they are not described here. The coaxial cable 160 runs through the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the coaxial cable 160 is arranged so that its outer conductor is electrically connected to the metal layer on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the metal layer can be grounded as a grounding layer at this time, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable 160 is electrically connected to the first radiation patch 123. It can be seen that Fig.14 The patch antenna 400 shown adopts a coaxial feeding method for the first radiating patch 123. In this way, the wiring substrate can be removed from the patch antenna 400, so that the patch antenna 400 can have a lower profile. At the same time, because the coaxial cable is used for feeding, the patch antenna 400 can better eliminate interference.

[0071] It should be understood that the above Figures 1 to 5b as well as Figures 7 to 14 The various structural features of the patch antenna described according to the present disclosure may be arbitrarily combined without violating technical principles, and the technical solutions obtained by combining these structural features also fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0072] See also Fig.15 , which schematically shows the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.15 As shown, the omnidirectional antenna array 500 includes three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530, and the three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530 are arranged so that: the axes A1, A2, A3 passing through the center of each patch antenna and extending along the normal direction of the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate intersect at one point, the angle between two adjacent axes is 120 degrees, and the three patch antennas are in contact with each other. In some exemplary embodiments, the distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength of each patch antenna.

[0073] It should be understood that each of the three patch antennas 510, 520, and 530 can be implemented as Figure 1 The patch antenna 100 shown has the same structure. For example, each of the three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530 may include a first insulating dielectric substrate 110, a second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and a wiring substrate 130, the orthographic projection of the patch antenna 100 on the wiring substrate 130 has a rectangular shape, a metal layer is provided on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and an H-shaped gap is provided in the metal layer for coupling feeding of the patch antenna 100, a first radiation patch 123 and a second radiation patch 124 are provided on the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, the first radiation patch 123 is located on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, and the second radiation patch 124 is located on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120, a feeding line 131 is provided on the bottom surface of the wiring substrate 130, and the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, the second insulating dielectric substrate 120 and the wiring substrate 130 are as shown in FIG. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the top surface of the wiring substrate 130 abuts against the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110, and the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 110 abuts against the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 120. It should also be understood that the above combined Figures 1 to 5b as well as Figures 7 to 14 The various features of the patch antennas described in the illustrated exemplary embodiments and other embodiments mentioned in the specification may also be incorporated into the patch antennas 510 , 520 , and 530 , respectively.

[0074] See also Fig.16 , which schematically shows Fig.15The simulation results of the omnidirectional antenna array are shown in Figure 2. Fig.16 As shown in FIG. 1 , the curve represents the gain of the omnidirectional antenna array about the horizontal plane angle Φ (0°≤Θ≤360°) when the frequency of the applied electric signal is 35 GHz and the electric field oscillation plane is a plane with a vertical plane angle Θ of 0 degrees. It can be seen that Fig.15 The omnidirectional antenna array 500 shown uses three patch antennas 510 , 520 , and 530 to achieve omnidirectional coverage in the horizontal direction (ie, coverage is achieved for the entire range of 360 degrees of the horizontal plane angle Φ).

[0075] See also Fig.17a and Fig.17b , which schematically shows the structure of an omnidirectional antenna array according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein, Fig.17a The omnidirectional antenna array is shown in a perspective view. Fig.17b The omnidirectional antenna array is shown in plan view. Fig.17a and 17b As shown, the omnidirectional antenna array 600 also includes three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530, wherein the structure of each patch antenna is similar to Figure 1 The structure of the patch antenna 100 shown is the same, so it will not be repeated here. The only difference between the omnidirectional antenna array 600 and the omnidirectional antenna array 500 is that there is a certain spacing between the three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530 in the omnidirectional antenna array 600. However, the three patch antennas 510, 520 and 530 in the omnidirectional antenna array 600 are arranged so that the distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength of the patch antenna.

[0076] It should be understood that in other exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, the omnidirectional antenna array may include more patch antennas, such as four, five or six patch antennas, and so on.

[0077] See also Fig.18 , which schematically shows the structure of a coplanar radiating antenna array according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. Fig.18As shown, the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 includes a first insulating dielectric substrate 710, a second insulating dielectric substrate 720, and a plurality of patch antenna modules 730, 740. The orthographic projection of the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 on the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 has a rectangular shape, but it should be understood that any other shape is possible, such as a square, a parallelogram, a trapezoid, etc., and the present disclosure is not limited to this. The first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 both include a bottom surface and a top surface, and the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 are stacked so that the top surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 abuts against the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720. The plurality of patch antenna modules may include a low-frequency patch antenna module 730 and a high-frequency patch antenna module 740. The low-frequency patch antenna module 730 and the high-frequency patch antenna module 740 have similar structures, and both can be implemented as Figure 1 The structure of the patch antenna 100 shown. Specifically, each patch antenna module 730, 740 includes: a metal layer disposed on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710; a first radiating patch disposed on the bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720; four vias, each of which penetrates the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720, the hole wall of the via is covered with a metal layer, and the first end of each via is electrically connected to the metal layer and the second end thereof is attached to a metal sheet, wherein the four vias surround the first radiating patch and are disposed separately from the first radiating patch, two vias are located on one side of the first radiating patch, and the other two vias are located on the other side opposite to the first radiating patch, and the first ends of the four vias are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710. In some exemplary embodiments, the distance from the center of the first end of each via to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiating patch on the bottom surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 ranges from 1 / 5 to 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the patch antenna. It can be seen that the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 can implement multiple patch antenna modules on the same substrate, part of which constitutes a high-frequency array and the other part constitutes a low-frequency array, so that the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 can have at least two operating wavelengths and also have a wider beam width (greater than 120 degrees) and a lower cross-sectional profile. Fig.18 The coplanar radiating antenna array 700 is shown to include three low-frequency patch antenna modules 730 and eight high-frequency patch antenna modules 740, but this is merely exemplary and not restrictive. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to the present disclosure may include more or fewer low-frequency patch antenna modules and / or high-frequency patch antenna modules. The present disclosure does not impose any restrictions on the number of low-frequency patch antenna modules and / or high-frequency patch antenna modules included in the coplanar radiating antenna array.

[0078] It should be understood that Fig.18 Each of the plurality of patch antenna modules in the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 shown in FIG. 1 can be implemented as described above for Figures 1 to 5b as well as Figures 7 to 14 The patch antennas described in the various exemplary embodiments shown and other embodiments mentioned in the specification. For example, the vias included in each of the multiple patch antenna modules in the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 may also be replaced by metal rods, or replaced by any other suitable form of strip metal structures, the patch antenna module may include multiple strip metal structures, these strip metal structures are arranged so that at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiating patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiating patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheet may also be replaced by a metal trace printed on the top surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720, each patch antenna module may include a radiating patch formed only on the top surface or bottom surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate 720, and the shape of the radiating patch may be a rectangle, a rectangle with rounded corners, a square, etc. In addition, in some exemplary embodiments, the coplanar radiating antenna array 700 may further include a routing layer so as to power the radiating patch in each patch antenna module through a feeder arranged on the routing layer, or at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate may be provided between the first insulating dielectric substrate 710 and the second insulating dielectric substrate 720 so as to provide an intermediate radiating patch for at least one patch antenna module in the plurality of patch antenna modules, so as to realize the setting of multiple layers of radiating patches. All of these implementations should be considered as coplanar radiating antenna arrays falling within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0079] The terms used in this disclosure are only used to describe the embodiments in the present disclosure and are not intended to limit the present disclosure. As used in this disclosure, the singular forms "one", "an" and "the" are intended to also include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It is also to be understood that the terms "include" and "comprise" when used in this disclosure refer to the presence of the features described, but do not exclude the presence of one, one or more other features or add one or more other features. As used in this disclosure, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. can be used to describe various features in the present disclosure, these features should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one feature from another feature.

[0080] The orientation words used in the present disclosure, such as "bottom", "top", "up", "lower", "horizontal", "vertical", etc., are all used to describe the display contents of the drawings of the present disclosure, and they do not constitute limitations to the present disclosure.

[0081] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used in this disclosure have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. It is also understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the relevant art and / or the context of this specification, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined in this disclosure.

[0082] In the description of this specification, the description of the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present disclosure. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, without contradicting each other and without violating technical principles, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, or may omit some technical features from the different embodiments or examples described in this specification, and the embodiments or examples obtained based on such combination, combination or omission are also considered to fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0083] Although the present disclosure has been described in detail in conjunction with some exemplary embodiments, it is not to be limited to the specific forms described in the present disclosure. Rather, the scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A patch antenna, comprising: A first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a metal layer being disposed on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, a first radiation patch being disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked so that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of strip metal structures are located on both sides of the first radiation patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, a first end of each strip metal structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet is attached to the second end thereof, the plurality of strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

2. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: Each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

3. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The multiple strip metal structures include four strip metal structures, wherein two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and a quadrilateral formed by connecting the first ends of the strip metal structures in sequence surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

4. The patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The orthographic projection of the patch antenna on the first insulating medium substrate is a rectangle, and the four strip-shaped metal structures are respectively located at four corners of the patch antenna.

5. The patch antenna according to claim 3, wherein: The metal sheets attached to the two strip-shaped metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch are bent toward each other.

6. The patch antenna according to claim 4, wherein: The second end of the strip metal structure is flush with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

7. The patch antenna according to claim 6, wherein: The metal routing of the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch is configured to be deflected toward the first radiation patch or away from the first radiation patch relative to the line between the second ends of the two strip metal structures on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein the range of the deflection angle is greater than 0 degrees and less than or equal to 10 degrees.

8. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna further includes a second radiation patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, wherein an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiation patch.

9. The patch antenna according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: The patch antenna also includes at least one intermediate insulating dielectric substrate arranged between the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, at least one intermediate radiating patch is arranged on the intermediate insulating dielectric substrate, and the orthographic projection of the intermediate radiating patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate at least partially overlaps with the first radiating patch.

10. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna further includes a feed line disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

11. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The patch antenna also includes a coaxial cable, which runs through the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the outer conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the metal layer on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate, and the inner conductor of the coaxial cable is electrically connected to the first radiation patch.

12. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A gap is provided in the metal layer, and an orthographic projection of the gap on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation sheet; The patch antenna also includes a wiring substrate, which includes a first surface and an opposite second surface. The second surface of the wiring substrate abuts against the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate. A feed line is arranged on the first surface of the wiring substrate, and the feed line is electrically connected to the metal layer.

13. The patch antenna according to claim 12, wherein: The shape of the slit includes an H shape.

14. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: A polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the strip-shaped metal structures surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate.

15. The patch antenna according to claim 1, wherein: The distance from the center of the first end of each strip metal structure to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the patch antenna.

16. An omnidirectional antenna array, comprising at least three patch antennas according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein: The at least three patch antennas are arranged such that axes passing through centers of the patch antennas and extending along normal directions of the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate intersect at one point.

17. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 16, wherein: The at least three patch antennas are arranged in contact with each other.

18. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 16, wherein: The at least three patch antennas include three patch antennas, and the angle between two adjacent axes of the three patch antennas is 120 degrees.

19. The omnidirectional antenna array according to claim 18, wherein: The distance between the centers of two adjacent patch antennas is less than 1 / 4 of the working wavelength of the patch antennas.

20. A coplanar radiating antenna array, comprising: a first insulating dielectric substrate, the first insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface; a second insulating dielectric substrate, the second insulating dielectric substrate comprising a first surface and an opposite second surface, wherein the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate are stacked such that the second surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate abuts against the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of patch antenna modules, wherein each patch antenna module comprises: a metal layer disposed on the first surface of the first insulating dielectric substrate; a first radiation patch disposed on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate; A plurality of strip metal structures are located on both sides of the first radiation patch, each strip metal structure passes through the first insulating dielectric substrate and the second insulating dielectric substrate, a first end of each strip metal structure is electrically connected to the metal layer and a metal sheet is attached to the second end thereof, the plurality of strip metal structures are arranged to surround the first radiation patch and be separated from the first radiation patch, wherein at least two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and at least two strip metal structures are located on the second side of the first radiation patch opposite to the first side, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the first side are bent toward each other, the metal sheets attached to the two strip metal structures farthest apart from each other among the at least two strip metal structures located on the second side are also bent toward each other, and the bent metal sheets form an angle greater than or equal to 0 degrees and less than 90 degrees with the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate.

21. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The plurality of patch antenna modules include a low-frequency patch antenna module and a high-frequency patch antenna module.

22. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: In at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, each strip metal structure is composed of a first via hole penetrating the first insulating dielectric substrate and a second via hole penetrating the second insulating dielectric substrate, the first via hole and the second via hole are aligned with each other, and the hole walls of the first via hole and the second via hole are covered with a metal layer.

23. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein: Each patch antenna module includes four strip metal structures, two strip metal structures are located on the first side of the first radiation patch, and the other two strip metal structures are located on the second side, and the first ends of each strip metal structure are connected in sequence to form a quadrilateral that surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

24. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 23, wherein: In at least one patch antenna module of the multiple patch antenna modules, the metal sheet is a metal trace printed on the second surface of the second insulating medium substrate, and the metal traces attached to the two strip metal structures located on the same side of the first radiation patch extend toward each other.

25. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: At least one of the plurality of patch antenna modules further includes a second radiation patch disposed on the second surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate, and an orthographic projection of the second radiation patch on the first surface of the second insulating dielectric substrate falls within the first radiation patch.

26. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The polygon formed by sequentially connecting the first ends of the plurality of strip-shaped metal structures included in each patch antenna module surrounds the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate.

27. The coplanar radiating antenna array according to claim 20, wherein: The distance from the center of the first end of the multiple strip metal structures included in each patch antenna module to the center of the orthographic projection of the first radiation patch of the corresponding patch antenna module on the first surface of the first insulating medium substrate is between 1 / 5 and 1 / 3 of the working wavelength of the corresponding patch antenna module.

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