Straight-wall vertical curtain type grape planting method

Abstract

The invention provides a straight-wall vertical curtain type grape planting method. Ditching along the east-west direction or the south-north direction, and planting grapes at the bottoms of ditches; stand columns are arranged at intervals in the parallel ditching direction, iron wire supporting frames are installed on the stand columns, and a first iron wire support and a second iron wire support are the same in water height. If the trenching direction is east-west, the first iron wire support is located on the north side, and the second iron wire support is located on the south side, and if the trenching direction is south-north, the first iron wire support is located on the east side, and the second iron wire support is located on the west side; the adjacent grape main vines are sequentially bound to the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support at intervals; the new shoots located on the first iron wire support are guided and bound to the third iron wire support frame and the fourth iron wire support frame at the high position, and the new shoots which are not guided and bound naturally droop and grow; after the grapes bear fruits, leaves around the fruits on the first iron wire supporting frame are removed, and before the fruits are harvested, leaves on the fruits on the second iron wire supporting frame are removed; pruning new shoots in winter.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of grape planting, in particular to a grape planting method, in particular to a straight-wall hanging curtain type grape planting method. Background Art

[0002] Grape shaping is extremely important for grape cultivation. It not only affects the growth and development of grapes, but also directly affects the yield, quality, economic benefits and management efficiency of the vineyard. Common grape shaping methods include: trellis, trellis, fan, factory, single-stem umbrella, etc. Each shaping method has its own specific advantages and limitations. The choice of shaping method depends on the grape variety, climate conditions, soil type, size and purpose of the vineyard and the management habits of the grower. The correct shaping method can increase the yield and quality of grapes, while also reducing the difficulty and cost of management.

[0003] Xinjiang is the main grape producing area in my country. The shaping methods used in grape cultivation in Xinjiang are mainly the main vine fan shape, the plant shape, the dragon pole shape and other shaping methods. The characteristics of these shaping methods are that the bunches are distributed on the entire frame. Taking the main vine fan shape as an example, its characteristic is that the main vine and the fruiting part of the plant are distributed in a fan shape on the frame. The main vine is prone to grow too densely, and the secondary shoots grow vigorously, which affects the growth and development of the fruit; the leaf curtain management in summer is complicated, labor-intensive and time-consuming; the fruiting position is inconsistent, and the maturity and quality vary greatly.

[0004] The defects of the current grape shaping method used in Xinjiang production areas are: the grape berries are distributed on the north-south or east-west (east-west direction or north-south direction), and the quality of grapes on the north-south or east-west direction is quite different, especially the quality difference of grapes on the upper south (west) and the lower north (east) is obvious, which is reflected in the fact that the grapes on the upper south (west) are mature, wilted and wrinkled, while the grape seeds on the lower north (east) are still green and the fruits are sour. This inconsistency in grape maturity has seriously affected the realization of the quality potential of grapes in Xinjiang production areas. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of large differences in the quality of grapes grown in different directions in the existing grape planting methods, and to provide a vertical wall curtain grape planting method. The planting method can make full use of solar energy, combine with the microclimate regulation of the fruit area, produce suitable grape quality, and make grape cultivation suitable for mechanization.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A vertical wall curtain type grape planting method comprises the following steps:

[0008] Planting steps: dig trenches along the east-west or north-south direction and plant grapes at the bottom of the trenches;

[0009] Steps of laying materials: setting columns at intervals along the direction parallel to the trenching, installing wire support frames on the columns, the wire support frames including a first wire support and a second wire support at a height of 1.2-1.5m from the trench bottom, a third wire support at a height of 1.6-1.9m from the trench bottom, and a fourth wire support at a height of 2-2.3m from the trench bottom, the first wire support and the second wire support being horizontally spaced and tied at both sides of the column in the width direction at the same height; if the trenching direction is east-west, the first wire support is located on the north side and the second wire support is located on the south side, and if the trenching direction is north-south, the first wire support is located on the east side and the second wire support is located on the west side;

[0010] Shelf mounting steps: Bind adjacent main vines of grapes to the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support in sequence;

[0011] Binding steps: If the trench is east-west, the new shoots on the first wire support on the north side will be tied upward; if the trench is north-south, the new shoots on the first wire support on the east side will be tied upward; the new shoots that are not tied will grow naturally drooping;

[0012] Leaf picking steps: after the grapes are set, if the trench is opened in an east-west direction, the leaves around the fruits on the first wire support located in the north are removed, and before the fruits are harvested, the leaves on the fruits on the second wire support located in the south are removed; if the trench is opened in a north-south direction, the leaves around the fruits on the first wire support located in the east are removed, and before the fruits are harvested, the leaves on the fruits on the second wire support located in the west are removed;

[0013] Pruning steps: In winter, the front new shoot of each main vine is left 60-80cm long for pruning, and all branches except the front new shoot are cut off from the base.

[0014] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the buried area, the pillars are arranged on the ridges between two adjacent furrows, and in the non-buried area, the pillars are arranged at the bottom of the grape planting furrows.

[0015] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the main vine is controlled at 1.8-2.1 m, and the height of the main trunk is controlled at 1.2-1.5 m.

[0016] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the binding step, the number of main vines bound to the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support is equal and covers the entire horizontal frame surface formed by the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support.

[0017] In some embodiments of the present invention, in the binding step, as the new shoots of the main vine grow, the new shoots grown on the main vine tied to the first wire support are tied to the third wire support and the fourth wire support, and the remaining new shoots are allowed to grow naturally. As the new shoots of the main vine grow, the new shoots of the main vine tied to the second wire support droop.

[0018] In some embodiments of the present invention, leaf removal is performed after the grapes have set fruit and 10 to 20 days before the fruit is harvested.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the technical advantages of the present invention are:

[0020] 1. By changing the traditional way of hanging the main vines of grapes, the main vines are tied at intervals, and the main vines tied on the north-south or east-west sides are treated differently, the apical dominance of the plants is weakened, so that the new shoots grow evenly and the fruit bunches are distributed evenly.

[0021] 2. By changing the traditional way of binding branches, the main vines are bound at intervals on the wire supports on the north-south or east-west sides, so that the grapes on the south or west sides that are prone to "sunburn" and "wilt" can achieve the effect of "natural shading", and the grapes can be protected with the help of their natural growth trend. The leaves on the north or east sides are removed so that the grapes on the shaded side can see the sun and promote color change, thereby completely solving the difference between the grapes on the yin and yang sides.

[0022] 3. The grape planting method provided by the present invention, through the improvement of the method of placing grapes on the shelves and the processing of steps such as leaf picking, enables the grapes to form a straight-walled curtain-like growth structure, while ensuring and improving the quality of the grapes, while increasing the yield by more than 50%.

[0023] 4. Through the new shaping method, we can study the mechanical equipment that is suitable for it, form the integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and form a standardized cultivation technology and equipment system of "straight wall and curtain style", laying the foundation for the research and promotion of full mechanization of grapes. At the same time, it can alleviate the contradiction of labor demand, reduce the cost of vineyard planting, increase grape yield and quality, and improve planting benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a grape planting rack in the straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2aDistribution diagram of the straight-wall leaf curtain and the vertical curtain leaf curtain of the straight-wall vertical curtain grape method provided by the present invention;

[0027] Figure 2b Schematic diagram of the straight-wall leaf curtain and the vertical curtain leaf curtain of the straight-wall vertical curtain grape method provided by the present invention;

[0028] Figure 3 The main vine shaping and placing method of the straight wall curtain type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0029] Figure 4 A diagram showing the budding growth state of a horizontal rack in a straight-wall curtain-style grape planting method and shaping method provided by the present invention;

[0030] Figure 5 A diagram showing the budding growth state of a horizontal rack in a straight-wall curtain-style grape planting method and shaping method provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 6 A diagram showing the growth status of branches on the south shelf surface (east-west direction) of the shaping method of the straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 7 A diagram showing the condition of picking leaves (east-west direction) before the north rack surface changes color in the shaping mode of the straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 8 A diagram showing the condition of picking leaves (east-west direction) after the south shelf surface changes color in the shaping mode of the straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0034] Fig. 9 A diagram showing the growth of grapes on the north shelf surface (east-west direction) in the shaping mode of the straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method provided by the present invention;

[0035] 1- Planting trench;

[0036] 2- ridge;

[0037] 3- Pillar;

[0038] 401 - first wire support, 402 - second wire support, 403 - third wire support, 404 - fourth wire support;

[0039] 5-curtain structure;

[0040] 6-Straight wall structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0042] The terms “first”, “second”, “third” and “fourth” are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0043] The present invention provides a grape planting method, which is a straight-wall curtain-type grape planting method, comprising the following steps:

[0044] S1: Seeding step.

[0045] A planting trench 1 is opened on the ground along an east-west direction or a north-south direction, and grapes are planted at the bottom of the planting trench 1.

[0046] It should be understood that the grape planting area is large, and a plurality of planting furrows are separated in the grape planting area, and a raised ridge 2 is provided between two adjacent planting furrows.

[0047] S2: Shelf material step.

[0048] The columns 3 are arranged at intervals along the direction parallel to the trenching, and the direction of the columns 3 is parallel to the direction of the planting trench 1. If the direction of the planting trench 1 is east-west, the columns 1 are arranged along the east-west direction, and if the direction of the planting trench 1 is north-south, the columns 1 are arranged along the north-south direction.

[0049] The wire support frame is installed on the column 3, and the wire support frame is oriented east-west or north-south. The columns 3 can be designed to have multiple columns according to the area of ​​the grape planting area, and the distance between any two columns 3 is based on the convenience of installing the wire support frame.

[0050] In some embodiments of the present invention, the column 3 may be a cement column. The column 3 has a certain height, and as a preferred embodiment, the column 3 may be about 2.5 m in height.

[0051] In the buried area, the column 1 is arranged on the ridge between two adjacent furrows, and in the non-buried area, the column 1 is arranged at the bottom of the grape planting furrow.

[0052] refer to Figure 1The wire support frame is composed of a plurality of wire supports of the same structure and different heights. According to the method of placing the main vine of grapes on the frame, the wire support frame includes a first wire support 401 and a second wire support 402 at a height of 1.2-1.5m from the bottom of the ditch, a third wire support 403 at a height of 1.6-1.9m from the bottom of the ditch, and a fourth wire support 404 at a height of 2-2.3m from the bottom of the ditch. Among them, the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402 have the same height, and the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402 are horizontally spaced and tied on both sides of the width direction of the column 1 at the same height, and a horizontal frame surface is formed between the two; if the ditching direction is east-west, the first wire support 401 is located on the north side, and the second wire support 402 is located on the south side; if the ditching direction is north-south, the first wire support 401 is located on the east side, and the second wire support 402 is located on the west side.

[0053] In actual application, if different varieties of grapes grow at different heights, the height of the column 3 can be increased adaptively, and the installation height of each wire support can be adjusted.

[0054] S3: Listing step.

[0055] Adjacent grape main vines or main spreading long branches are sequentially tied to the first iron wire support 401 and the second iron wire support 402 at intervals.

[0056] The main vine and trunk of grapes are important components of the grapevine structure, and their growth determines the growth and fruiting of grapes. The trunk refers to the part from the base of the plant (ground) to the branching point on the stem. The presence or height of the trunk varies depending on the plant shaping method. Based on the presence or absence of the trunk, it can be divided into a tree with a trunk and a tree without a trunk. In a tree with a trunk, the trunk is the vertical part of the grapevine from the ground to the first branching point. It supports the structure of the entire grapevine and provides nutrients and water to the main vine. The main vine is a primary branch growing on the trunk. In a tree without a trunk, the main vine grows directly from the ground. The number of main vines varies depending on the tree shape requirements and the growth potential of the variety.

[0057] It should be understood that the main vines of grapes refer to the main vines that extend from the base of the grape plant. They are an important part of the grapevine structure and are very important in the shaping of grapevines. They extend along the rack surface, forming the skeleton of the grapevine and supporting the fruiting branches, which directly affects the growth, fruiting and yield of grapes. During the grape growth stage, the grape racking treatment is mainly carried out on the main vines.

[0058] In some embodiments of the present invention, the length of the main vine is controlled at 1.8-2.1 m, and the height of the main pole is controlled at 1.2-1.5 m.

[0059] Different from the method of placing the main vines on the rack in the existing grape planting technology, in the present invention, adjacent main vines of grapes are sequentially tied to the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402 at intervals. Figure 3 The planting effect shown, the adjacent grape main vines described in the present invention refer to the grape main vines growing on two adjacent trunks. Grapes are planted in rows in the planting ditch 1, and the main vines on the trunks arranged in odd positions are tied to the first wire support 401, and the main vines on the trunks arranged in even positions are tied to the second wire support 402. An alternating arrangement structure is formed, and the number of main vines or main spreading branches tied to the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402 is equal, and they are fully covered with the horizontal frame surface formed by the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402. Since the grape trunk grows in the planting ditch 1, the column 3 is located on the ridge 2, and after the main vine is tied to the wire support, the trunk is inclined.

[0060] S4: Binding step.

[0061] As the main vine shoots grow, the shoots grown on the main vine tied to the first wire support 401 are tied to the third wire support 403 and the fourth wire support 404. As the main vine shoots grow, the main vine tied to the second wire support 402 droops.

[0062] It should be understood that if the trench is dug in an east-west direction, the new shoots on the first wire support 401 on the north side will be tied upward; if the trench is dug in a north-south direction, the new shoots on the first wire support 401 on the east side will be tied upward; the new shoots on the second wire support 402 will not be tied, and the new shoots that have not been tied will grow naturally drooping.

[0063] Through the operation of the above step S4, the interval main vines are tied upward. Since the main vines located on the south side (the east-west direction of planting trench 1) or the west side (the north-south direction of planting trench 1) are not placed on a shelf, as the growth volume increases, the new shoots of the main vines located on the south or west side will naturally droop.

[0064] The leaves of the new shoots of the main grape vines located on the north or east side grow along the slope formed by the first wire support 401, the second wire support 402 and the third wire support 403 to form a vertical curtain structure 5. The fruits on the south side (the east-west direction of the planting ditch 1) or the west side (the north-south direction of the planting ditch 1) grow vertically on the lower side of the slope to form a straight wall structure 6. The main vines on the south side (the east-west direction of the planting ditch 1) or the east side (the north-south direction of the planting ditch 1) cooperate to form a straight wall vertical curtain-like growth structure similar to a slope, which can also be called a "one-side slope" shelf planting method.

[0065] Specifically, the main vine on the north side continues to extend and grow from the height of the first wire support 401 and the second wire support 402 toward the higher third wire support 403 and the fourth wire support 404. After the main vine on this side grows, the branches and leaves form a sloping leaf wall, and the growth position of the grape fruits is located under the leaf wall.

[0066] Through the above structure, the single-wall thick leaf curtain in the traditional planting technology is divided into two, one half is upright and the other half is naturally drooping. The leaf curtain becomes thinner and the light-receiving area of ​​the grapes is doubled. It should be understood that after the fruit grows, it is located on the lower side of the leaf wall, and the leaf wall forms a shading effect to prevent the grapes from being burned during the growth process. At the same time, because the main vines of adjacent grapes grow upward at intervals, the sloped leaf surface formed by the growth of the main vines on the north side (the east-west direction of planting ditch 1) or the east side (the north-south direction of planting ditch 1) is less dense, and light-transmitting gaps are formed between the leaves, which will not affect the lighting effect of the grape fruit.

[0067] S5: leaf picking step.

[0068] In some embodiments of the present invention, after the grapes are set, the leaves around the fruits of the first wire support 401 located in the north (the planting furrow 1 is in the east-west direction) or the first wire support 401 located in the east (the planting furrow 1 is in the north-south direction) are removed. Furthermore, in some embodiments of the present invention, after the grapes are set, 10 to 20 days before the fruits are harvested, the leaves on the fruits of the second wire support 402 located in the south (the planting furrow 1 is in the east-west direction) or the second wire support 402 located in the west (the planting furrow 1 is in the north-south direction) are removed.

[0069] It should be understood that light has a significant impact on the taste of grapes. First of all, grapes are light-loving plants and should receive no less than 9 hours of light per day, with 12-16 hours being the best. Insufficient light will cause new shoots to grow thin, with long internodes and thin leaves, weak photosynthetic capacity, and less nutrient production, which will affect branch maturity and reduce the germination rate of winter buds, thus affecting the taste and quality of grapes. Therefore, it is necessary to consider solving the problem of light for grape fruits.

[0070] Controlling the length of the main vine is an important part of grape shaping and pruning, which helps to adjust the tree structure and ensure high quality and high yield. In the growing season of grapes, pinching the main vine when it grows to a certain length can promote the growth of side shoots and control the length of the main vine. For the management of side shoots, appropriate pinching and thinning can be performed on the side shoots to control their growth and prevent excessive growth of side shoots that affect the growth space and light conditions of the main vine.

[0071] In the present invention, since the main vines on the north side (the east-west direction of planting ditch 1) or the east side (the north-south direction of planting ditch 1) will grow upwards, being too luxuriant will affect the light effect of the grapes. In the embodiment of the present invention, in early June, after the fruit is set, an appropriate time can be selected to remove the leaves around the fruit on the north side (the east-west direction of planting ditch 1) or the east side (the north-south direction of planting ditch 1). In mid-to-late September, the leaves around the fruit on the south side (the east-west direction of planting ditch 1) or the west side (the north-south direction of planting ditch 1) of the shelf can be removed, which can enhance the light effect before the grapes mature and improve the taste of the grapes.

[0072] S6: Pruning step.

[0073] Grape growing methods also include the step of winter pruning.

[0074] In some embodiments of the present invention, in winter, for the south main vine and the north main vine (east-west direction) or the west main vine and the east main vine (north-south direction) at the first iron wire support 401 and the second iron wire support 402, a new shoot at the front end of each main vine is left 60-80 cm for long pruning, which is used as the main spreading long branch for the next year, and all branch groups other than the front end new shoot are cut off from the base (including the horizontal main vine). This treatment method can ensure the growth effect of grapes in the next year.

[0075] At the same time, when pruning in winter, choose mature and moderately thick branches as the main vines and cut them to an appropriate length. All shoots with a diameter of less than 0.8 cm, immature shoots, and diseased and insect-infested shoots should be cut off.

[0076] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for growing grapes with a vertical wall and curtain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Planting steps: dig trenches along the east-west or north-south direction and plant grapes at the bottom of the trenches; Steps of laying materials: setting columns at intervals along the direction parallel to the trenching, installing wire support frames on the columns, the wire support frames including a first wire support and a second wire support at a height of 1.2-1.5m from the trench bottom, a third wire support at a height of 1.6-1.9m from the trench bottom, and a fourth wire support at a height of 2-2.3m from the trench bottom, the first wire support and the second wire support being horizontally spaced and tied at both sides of the column in the width direction at the same height; if the trenching direction is east-west, the first wire support is located on the north side and the second wire support is located on the south side, and if the trenching direction is north-south, the first wire support is located on the east side and the second wire support is located on the west side; Shelf mounting steps: Bind adjacent main vines of grapes to the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support in sequence; Binding steps: If the trench is east-west, the new shoots on the first wire support on the north side will be tied upward; if the trench is north-south, the new shoots on the first wire support on the east side will be tied upward; the new shoots that are not tied will grow naturally drooping; Leaf picking steps: after the grapes are set, if the trench is opened in an east-west direction, the leaves around the fruits on the first wire support located in the north are removed, and before the fruits are harvested, the leaves on the fruits on the second wire support located in the south are removed; if the trench is opened in a north-south direction, the leaves around the fruits on the first wire support located in the east are removed, and before the fruits are harvested, the leaves on the fruits on the second wire support located in the west are removed; Pruning steps: In winter, the front new shoot of each main vine is pruned to 60-80cm, and all branches except the front new shoot are cut off from the base.

2. The method for growing grapes with a vertical wall and curtain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the buried area, the pillars are arranged on the ridges between two adjacent furrows, and in the non-buried area, the pillars are arranged at the bottom of the grape planting furrows.

3. The method for growing grapes with a vertical wall and curtain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The main vine length is controlled between 1.8 and 2.1 meters, and the trunk height is controlled between 1.2 and 1.5 meters.

4. The method for growing grapes with a vertical wall and curtain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the binding step, the number of main vines bound to the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support is equal, and they cover the horizontal frame surface formed by the first iron wire support and the second iron wire support.

5. The vertical wall curtain type grape planting method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The binding steps are as follows: as the new shoots of the main vine grow, the new shoots grown on the main vine tied to the first wire support are tied to the third wire support and the fourth wire support, and the remaining new shoots are allowed to grow naturally. As the new shoots of the main vine grow, the new shoots of the main vine tied to the second wire support are allowed to droop.

6. The method for growing grapes with a vertical wall and curtain as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: After the grapes set fruit, the leaves should be removed 10 to 20 days before harvest.

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