Fire extinguishing agent

Abstract

The invention discloses a fire extinguishing agent, and relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent production, the fire extinguishing agent comprises a foaming agent, an emulsifier, a foam stabilizer, an antifreeze agent, a preservative and water, and the volume ratio of the foaming agent to the emulsifier to the foam stabilizer to the antifreeze agent to the preservative to the water is (25-40): (3-5): (25-40): (0.1-3): (2-41.9); the foaming agent comprises an ionic surface active agent and a nonionic surface active agent, and the volume ratio of the ionic surface active agent to the nonionic surface active agent in the foaming agent is 1: (5-45). Wherein the foaming agent reduces the conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, so that the conductivity of a stock solution is 1t; the conductivity of the generated foam is lower than 100 [mu] S / cm, and the foam is suitable for extinguishing battery fire disasters. The fire extinguishing agent is used in combination with a compressed air foam system, and fire extinguishing foam with a uniform and stable structure can be generated in different mixing ratios, gas-liquid ratios and working pressure states.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agent production, in particular to a fire extinguishing agent. Background Art

[0002] The characteristics of battery fires, especially lithium-ion battery fires, include rapid spread, high temperature, release of toxic gases and potential explosion risks, which makes firefighting of battery fires face many challenges.

[0003] The fire extinguishing agents currently available for extinguishing battery fires include perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agents, aerosol fire extinguishing agents, water spray fire extinguishing agents, low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents, and compressed air foam for Class A solid material fires.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned inactivators have the following disadvantages: 1) Fire extinguishing agents such as perfluorohexanone, aerosol, and water spray cannot accurately reach the ignition point and have low fire extinguishing intensity, and water spray may also cause battery short circuit; 2) Traditional low-multiple foam fire extinguishing agents such as aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) fire extinguishing agents have poor foam stability when used in battery fires. 、 The fire extinguishing efficiency is low, the electrical conductivity is high, it is easy to reignite and it is easy to produce hydrogen by electrolysis and cause explosion; 3) The electrical conductivity of the compressed air foam used for Class A solid material fires is greater than 2mS / cm, and it is not suitable for the requirements of fighting complex fires such as battery combustion; 4) In addition, the current foam inactivator has a high mixing ratio, requires a larger storage space, and requires higher energy consumption for transmission and supply. Summary of the invention

[0005] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a fire extinguishing agent, aiming to provide a fire extinguishing agent with a lower mixing ratio, a more stable foam state and a lower electrical conductivity.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent, comprising a foaming agent, an emulsifier, a foam stabilizer, an antifreeze agent, a preservative and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is (25-40): (3-5): (25-40): (0.1-3): (2-41.9);

[0007] Wherein, the foaming agent comprises an ionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant, and the mass ratio of the ionic surfactant to the non-ionic surfactant in the foaming agent is 1:(5-45).

[0008] In one embodiment, the ionic surfactant includes any one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, and sodium lauroamphoacetate.

[0009] In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant includes any one of alkyl glucoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester.

[0010] In one embodiment, the emulsifier includes any one of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, triethanolamine, and benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate.

[0011] In one embodiment, the foam stabilizer includes a mixture of polyethylene oxide and alcohol ethers, wherein the polyethylene oxide includes any one of polyethylene oxide PEO200, PEO200000, and PEO20, and the alcohol ether includes one or two of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.

[0012] In one embodiment, the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide to the alcohol ether mixture in the foam stabilizer is 1:(5-45).

[0013] In one embodiment, the antifreeze agent includes any one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, isoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol.

[0014] In one embodiment, the preservative includes one or two of methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylthiazolinone, benzoic acid, and potassium sorbate.

[0015] The present invention proposes a fire extinguishing agent, wherein the foaming agent reduces the conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, so that the conductivity of the original liquid is <20μS / cm, and the conductivity of the generated foam is lower than 100μS / cm, which is suitable for extinguishing battery fires and has excellent anti-reignition effect; the antifreeze agent reduces the freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent, so that it can be used in a low temperature environment, and can be mixed with hard water and seawater for use. The minimum mixing ratio of the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is 0.7%, which reduces the space for storing foam and reduces the cost of use. In addition, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is used in combination with a compressed air foam system, and can produce a uniform and stable fire extinguishing foam under different mixing ratios, gas-liquid ratios, and working pressures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below. If the specific conditions are not specified in the embodiment, it is carried out according to the normal conditions or the conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the reagents or instruments used do not specify the manufacturer, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially. In addition, the meaning of "and / or" appearing in the full text includes three parallel schemes, taking "A and / or B" as an example, including scheme A, or scheme B, or schemes that A and B meet at the same time. In addition, the technical schemes between the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but must be based on the ability of ordinary technicians in the field to achieve. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or cannot be achieved, it should be considered that the combination of such technical solutions does not exist, and is not within the scope of protection required by the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without making creative work belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0017] The characteristics of battery fires, especially lithium-ion battery fires, include rapid spread, high temperature, release of toxic gases and potential explosion risks, which makes firefighting of battery fires face many challenges.

[0018] The fire extinguishing agents currently available for extinguishing battery fires include perfluorohexanone fire extinguishing agents, aerosol fire extinguishing agents, water spray fire extinguishing agents, low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents, and compressed air foam for Class A solid material fires.

[0019] Among them, although fire extinguishing agents such as perfluorohexanone, aerosol, and water spray are effective to a certain extent, they have disadvantages such as being unable to accurately reach the ignition point, being unable to achieve cooling, and having low fire extinguishing intensity. Water spray may also cause battery short circuits.

[0020] Although traditional low-expansion foam fire extinguishing agents such as aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) can effectively extinguish liquid fires, they have poor foam stability when used on battery fires. 、 The disadvantages of low fire extinguishing efficiency, high conductivity, easy to reignite and easy to cause explosion due to electrolysis and hydrogen production. At the same time, AFFF fire extinguishing agent contains PFT (fluorinated surfactant) ingredients. PFT has the characteristics of stable properties, non-degradable, difficult for the human body to metabolize, and strong biological toxicity. Its chemical bonds can only be cracked at more than 1800℃, which makes it easy to cause environmental and health problems after use.

[0021] Compressed air foam used for Class A solid material fires has the advantages of high kinetic energy, the extinguishing agent is generated at the front end, and the mixing and expansion ratios are adjustable. However, its electrical conductivity is greater than 2mS / cm and is not suitable for the requirements of extinguishing complex fires such as battery combustion.

[0022] In addition, the commonly used foam fire extinguishing agent products are mixed in proportions of 1%, 3% and 6%. The mixing proportion refers to the percentage of foam liquid in the final foam mixture. The higher the mixing proportion, the larger the storage space required, and the higher the energy consumption required for transmission and supply. However, when the mixing proportion, that is, the water content of the foam liquid, is reduced, it is easy to cause component separation or increase the overall viscosity of the foam liquid.

[0023] In view of this, the present invention provides a fire extinguishing agent, comprising a foaming agent, an emulsifier, a foam stabilizer, an antifreeze agent, a preservative and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is (25-40):(3-5):(25-40):(0.1-3):(2-41.9); wherein the foaming agent comprises an ionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant, and the mass ratio of the ionic surfactant and the non-ionic surfactant in the foaming agent is 1:(5-45).

[0024] In the technical solution of the present invention, the components and proportion of the foaming agent effectively reduce the conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent, so that the conductivity of the original liquid is <20μS / cm, and the conductivity of the generated foam is less than 100μS / cm, which is suitable for extinguishing battery fires and has excellent anti-reignition effect; the antifreeze agent reduces the freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent, so that it can be used in a low-temperature environment, and can be mixed with hard water and seawater for use, that is, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention can maintain high performance in a variety of environments, including use in extremely low temperatures and in hard water or seawater. This makes it a very flexible and reliable fire extinguishing solution. The minimum mixing ratio of the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is 0.7%, which is a highly concentrated fire extinguishing agent. This concentrated state reduces the space requirement for storing foam and reduces the cost of use. In addition, the fire extinguishing agent of the present invention is used in combination with a compressed air foam system, and a uniform and stable fire extinguishing foam can be produced under different mixing ratios, gas-liquid ratios, and working pressures.

[0025] Among them, the mass ratio of foaming agent, emulsifier, foam stabilizer, antifreeze agent, preservative and water can be 25:5:40:3:41.9, 40:3:25:0.1:2 or 30:4:30:2.5:13. The range of this mass ratio is mainly to adjust the performance of the fire extinguishing agent to adapt to different use environments and needs.

[0026] The composite foaming agent composed of ionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants can generate stable and lasting foam more efficiently, while improving the covering ability of the foam, making it more suitable for extinguishing a variety of fires including battery fires and improving the inactivation efficiency. The two surfactants are different in chemical properties, and their combination can produce a synergistic effect, thereby improving the foam performance.

[0027] The mass ratio of the ionic surfactant to the nonionic surfactant in the foaming agent can be 1:45, 1:30 or 1:5. The mass ratio can achieve good surface activity within a suitable range and ensure that the overall conductivity of the solution is low. In the compressed air foam system, under the foaming conditions of 3 to 20 times, it has good foaming performance.

[0028] In some embodiments of the present invention, the ionic surfactant includes any one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, and sodium lauroyl amphoacetate. Compared with other ionic surfactants, the above ionic surfactants have better hydrophilicity, they can significantly reduce the surface tension of water at a lower concentration, and form a stable micelle structure, which is conducive to the formation and stability of foam.

[0029] In some embodiments of the present invention, the nonionic surfactant includes any one of alkyl glucoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester. Compared with other nonionic surfactants, the above nonionic surfactants have better emulsification, dispersion and wetting abilities, are stable in a wider pH range, are not easily affected by hard water, and can better stabilize foam.

[0030] Selecting the above-mentioned ionic surfactants and non-ionic surfactants as foaming agents can effectively reduce the conductivity of the fire extinguishing agent concentrate and the conductivity of the foam finally formed. Under low conductivity conditions, the probability of battery short circuit is reduced, and the thermal runaway reaction and secondary reaction inside the battery can be effectively suppressed, reducing the risk of re-ignition and explosion.

[0031] In some embodiments of the present invention, the emulsifier includes any one of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, triethanolamine, and benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate. The above emulsifier can effectively promote the mixing of the oil phase and water of the foaming agent and increase the stability and adhesion of the foam.

[0032] In some embodiments of the present invention, the foam stabilizer includes a mixture of polyethylene oxide and alcohol ethers, wherein the polyethylene oxide includes any one of polyethylene oxide PEO200, PEO200000, and PEO20, and the alcohol ether includes one or two of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol. The role of the foam stabilizer is to maintain the structural integrity of the foam and to maintain the durability of the foam even under high-pressure injection. Mixing PEO and alcohol ether compounds can combine the advantages of both. PEO provides high viscosity and foam stability, while alcohol ether compounds can further reduce surface tension and promote the formation of foam.

[0033] In some embodiments of the present invention, the mass ratio of the polyethylene oxide and the alcohol ether mixture in the foam stabilizer is 1:(5-45). The mass ratio of the polyethylene oxide and the alcohol ether mixture in the foam stabilizer can be 1:45, 1:35 or 1:5. The mass ratio within a suitable range can ensure that the generated foam is relatively stable.

[0034] In some embodiments of the present invention, the antifreeze agent includes any one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, isoethylene glycol, propylene glycol, and glycerol. The antifreeze agent can effectively reduce the freezing point of the fire extinguishing agent components, so that the fire extinguishing agent still maintains fluidity and effectiveness under cold conditions.

[0035] In some embodiments of the present invention, the preservative includes one or two of methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylthiazolinone, benzoic acid, and potassium sorbate. The above preservatives can effectively prevent the growth of bacteria and fungi and extend the storage period of the fire extinguishing agent.

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the following embodiments are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] A fire extinguishing agent comprises a composite foaming agent (foaming agent) of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (emulsifier), a composite foam stabilizer (foam stabilizer) of polyethylene oxide PEO200 and ethylene glycol, ethanol (antifreeze agent), methylisothiazolinone (preservative) and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is 25:5:40:3:41.9; the mass ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside in the composite foaming agent is 1:45; and the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide and a mixture of alcohol ethers in the composite foam stabilizer is 1:45.

[0039] Example 2

[0040] A fire extinguishing agent comprises a composite foaming agent (foaming agent) of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (emulsifier), a composite foam stabilizer (foam stabilizer) of polyethylene oxide PEO200 and ethylene glycol, ethanol (antifreeze agent), methylisothiazolinone (preservative) and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is 30:4:30:2.5:13; the mass ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside in the composite foaming agent is 1:30; and the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide and a mixture of alcohol ethers in the composite foam stabilizer is 1:25.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] A fire extinguishing agent comprises a composite foaming agent (foaming agent) of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside, polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate (emulsifier), a composite foam stabilizer (foam stabilizer) of polyethylene oxide PEO200 and ethylene glycol, ethanol (antifreeze agent), methylisothiazolinone (preservative) and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is 40:3:25:0.1:2; the mass ratio of sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl glucoside in the composite foaming agent is 1:5; and the mass ratio of polyethylene oxide and a mixture of alcohol ethers in the composite foam stabilizer is 1:5.

[0043] Performance Testing

[0044] The fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests. The test method was based on the standard compressed air foam generating device specified in GB 27897-2011 "Class A Foam Fire Extinguishing Agent" and combined with the physical and chemical property determination method specified in GB 15308-2006 "Foam Fire Extinguishing Agent" and the thermal runaway test method specified in GB / T 31485 "Safety Requirements and Test Methods for Power Batteries for Electric Vehicles". The fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 3 were subjected to performance tests at a mixing ratio of 0.7%. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0045] The fire extinguishing agents of Examples 1 to 3 were tested for conductivity using a conductivity meter. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0046] Table 1 Fire extinguishing agent performance test results of Examples 1 to 3

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] In summary, the fire extinguishing agent provided by the present invention has a low freezing point, is suitable for low-temperature environments, has good extinguishing performance, and has a low electrical conductivity, and is suitable for battery fire fighting.

[0050] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the patent scope of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various changes and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A fire extinguishing agent, characterized in that: It comprises a foaming agent, an emulsifier, a foam stabilizer, an antifreeze agent, a preservative and water, wherein the mass ratio of the foaming agent, the emulsifier, the foam stabilizer, the antifreeze agent, the preservative and the water is (25-40): (3-5): (25-40): (0.1-3): (2-41.9); Wherein, the foaming agent comprises an ionic surfactant and a non-ionic surfactant, and the mass ratio of the ionic surfactant to the non-ionic surfactant in the foaming agent is 1:(5-45).

2. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The ionic surfactant includes any one of sodium lauryl sulfate, sodium cocoyl sulfate, and sodium lauroyl amphoacetate.

3. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The nonionic surfactant includes any one of alkyl glucoside, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester.

4. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The emulsifier includes any one of polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate, triethanolamine, and benzylphenol polyoxyethylene ether formaldehyde condensate.

5. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The foam stabilizer includes a mixture of polyethylene oxide and alcohol ethers, wherein the polyethylene oxide includes any one of polyethylene oxide PEO200, PEO200000, and PEO20, and the alcohol ether includes one or two of ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol butyl ether, and 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol.

6. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 5, characterized in that The mass ratio of the polyethylene oxide to the alcohol ether mixture in the foam stabilizer is 1:(5-45).

7. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The antifreeze agent includes any one of ethanol, ethylene glycol, isoethylene glycol, propylene glycol and glycerol.

8. The fire extinguishing agent according to claim 1, characterized in that The preservatives include one or two of methylisothiazolinone, chloromethylthiazolinone, benzoic acid and potassium sorbate.

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