Ecological space protection and restoration key area identification method and system

Abstract

The invention discloses an ecological space protection and restoration key area identification method and system, and relates to the technical field of ecological space protection and restoration. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out data acquisition and preprocessing on a target research area to obtain multi-source data, and evaluating the ecological system quality under the influence of social-economic-natural elements through a pressure-state-response model to extract an ecological space, further constructing a space risk conflict index according to a risk source-risk receptor-risk effect ecological risk evaluation model, calculating and preliminarily identifying, protecting and repairing key areas, and then evaluating conflict differentiation features of the ecological space according to land use types and landscape pattern indexes in grid units; and finally, according to the conflict risk evaluation result and the conflict differentiation feature, determining a finally judged protection and repair key area. According to the method, the conditions of serious fragmentation and islanding of natural resource landscapes and unbalanced resource distribution can be relieved, so that the dynamic balance of economic development and ecological protection is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of ecological space protection and restoration, and in particular to a method and system for identifying key areas of ecological space protection and restoration. Background Art

[0002] Ecological space is a basic land use space for maintaining regional biodiversity security, regional landscape pattern integrity and continuity, and undertakes the mission of maintaining regional ecological balance. However, with the development of social economy and the acceleration of industrialization, urban expansion and extensive use of natural resources have made the situation of ecological resource protection severe, the area of ​​urban and rural construction land has continued to expand, and the contradictions between economic development and land resource shortage, regional development and ecological protection have become prominent. At the same time, facing the problems of wide scope of ecological environment supervision and heavy workload, how to scientifically and effectively identify key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, and realize precise control of "district-based policies" is of great significance to improving the response speed of ecological protection and the construction of ecological civilization.

[0003] In the past, the ecological sensitivity and ecosystem service function importance evaluation system was mainly constructed based on multi-source remote sensing data, and then combined with the ecological land type to identify the scope of ecological space. There was a lack of consideration of human factors and insufficient research on ecological space fragmentation caused by regional pattern changes caused by different land use activities. In addition to natural factors, socio-economic factors also have a profound impact on the formation and change of ecological space. The identification of ecological space also needs to take into account the sustainability of regional systems. However, the current ecological space protection and restoration lacks consideration of conflict factors, resulting in the fragmentation of natural resource landscapes, serious islandization, and uneven resource distribution. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, which can alleviate the fragmentation and serious isolation of natural resource landscapes and the uneven distribution of resources, thereby maintaining a dynamic balance between economic development and ecological protection.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0006] A method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, comprising:

[0007] Collect and preprocess data in the target research area to obtain multi-source data; the multi-source data includes TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population and economic, and ecological and environmental protection data;

[0008] The pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data are used to evaluate the ecological environment quality, determine the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weights, and determine the ecological space of the target study area according to the results of the single factor superposition; the quality level of the target study area includes levels one to five; the quality level of the ecological space includes levels four and five;

[0009] A spatial risk conflict index is constructed based on the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, the ecological space conflict risk degree is calculated, and the key areas for protection and restoration preliminarily judged in the ecological space are identified based on the conflict risk assessment results; the conflict risk assessment results include five conflict intensity levels; the key areas for protection and restoration are the fourth and fifth levels;

[0010] Taking into account spatial heterogeneity and patch size, the ecological space was gridded using the fishnet analysis of the ArcGIS Pro software platform, and the conflict differentiation characteristics of the ecological space were determined according to the land use type and landscape pattern index within the set grid cells.

[0011] The final key areas for protection and restoration in the ecological space are determined based on the conflict risk assessment results and the conflict differentiation characteristics.

[0012] Optionally, the preprocessing includes correction, splicing, clipping, projection conversion, data format conversion, data clipping, attribute data processing, overlay analysis, raster reclassification, and interpolation calculation.

[0013] Optionally, the method for determining the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weight is:

[0014] Using the pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data, the indicators of ecological environment quality under the influence of the three factors of society, economy and nature are calculated to determine the single factor indicator data;

[0015] The single factor indicator data are standardized by using the range method, and the indicator weights of each single factor indicator data are determined by using the extreme gradient boosting model to obtain the indicator weights corresponding to the single factor indicator data.

[0016] Optionally, the calculation formula for the standardization process is:

[0017]

[0018] Among them, Y i is the standardized data of the i-th single factor indicator, x i is the initial value of the index of item i, x imax 、x imin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index of the i-th item respectively.

[0019] Optionally, the conflict risk assessment results include: the first level is stable, the second level is relatively stable, the third level is basically controllable, the fourth level is basically out of control, and the fifth level is out of control.

[0020] Optionally, the spatial risk conflict index is:

[0021]

[0022] SCCI=CI+FI-SI

[0023] Among them, SCCI is the spatial conflict risk level, CI is the spatial external pressure value, FI is the spatial exposure index, and SI is the spatial stability index; P ij is the perimeter of the patch, km, a ij is the area of ​​the patch, km 2 ; A is the total landscape area, km 2 , i is the number of plaques; j is the type of plaque; F i is the landscape vulnerability, a i is the area of ​​various landscapes in the unit, S is the total area of ​​the space unit, N i It represents the number of type i patches in the spatial unit, and A is the area of ​​the spatial unit.

[0024] Optionally, the sampling specification of the grid unit is set to 1km×1km.

[0025] The present invention also provides a system for identifying key areas of ecological space protection and restoration, comprising:

[0026] The data acquisition module is used to collect and preprocess data in the target research area to obtain multi-source data; the multi-source data includes TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population economy and ecological and environmental protection data;

[0027] An ecological space determination module is used to use the pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data to evaluate the ecological environment quality, determine the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weights, and determine the ecological space of the target study area according to the results of the single factor superposition; the quality level of the target study area includes levels one to five; the quality level of the ecological space includes levels four and five;

[0028] A preliminary judgment module is used to construct a spatial risk conflict index based on the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, calculate the ecological space conflict risk level, and identify the key areas for protection and restoration in the ecological space that are preliminarily judged according to the conflict risk assessment results; the conflict risk assessment results include five conflict intensity levels; the key areas for protection and restoration are the fourth and fifth levels;

[0029] The conflict differentiation feature determination module is used to grid the ecological space using the fishing net analysis of the ArcGIS Pro software platform on the basis of considering spatial heterogeneity and patch size, and determine the conflict differentiation features of the ecological space according to the land use type and landscape pattern index within the set grid unit;

[0030] The final judgment module is used to determine the final judgment of the key protection and restoration areas in the ecological space based on the conflict risk assessment results and the conflict differentiation characteristics.

[0031] According to the specific embodiments provided by the present invention, the present invention discloses the following technical effects:

[0032] The present invention discloses a method and system for identifying key areas for protection and restoration of ecological space, the method comprising data collection and preprocessing of a target research area, obtaining multi-source data, and extracting ecological space by evaluating the quality of the ecosystem under the influence of the three elements of society, economy and nature through a pressure-state-response model, further constructing a spatial risk conflict index based on an ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, calculating and preliminarily identifying key areas for protection and restoration, and then evaluating the conflict differentiation characteristics of the ecological space based on the land use type and landscape pattern index within the grid unit, and finally determining the final key areas for protection and restoration based on the conflict risk assessment results and conflict differentiation characteristics. The present invention can alleviate the fragmentation of natural resource landscapes, the serious islandization and the uneven distribution of resources, thereby maintaining a dynamic balance between economic development and ecological protection. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0034] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the flow chart of the method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 It is an ecological space identification diagram based on the PSR model in this embodiment;

[0036] Figure 3 This is a distribution diagram of ecological space conflict risk levels in this embodiment;

[0037] Figure 4 This is a gridded conflict level spatial distribution diagram in this embodiment;

[0038] Figure 5 This is a map of ecological space land use types in this embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method and system for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, which can alleviate the fragmentation and serious isolation of natural resource landscapes and the uneven distribution of resources, thereby maintaining a dynamic balance between economic development and ecological protection.

[0041] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0042] like Figure 1 As shown, the present invention provides a method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, comprising:

[0043] Step 100: Collect and preprocess data in the target research area to obtain multi-source data; the multi-source data includes TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population and economic, and ecological and environmental protection data.

[0044] Step 200: Use the pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data to evaluate the ecological environment quality, determine the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weights, and determine the ecological space of the target study area based on the results of the single factor superposition; the quality level of the target study area includes levels one to five; the quality level of the ecological space includes levels four and five.

[0045] Step 300: Construct a spatial risk conflict index based on the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, calculate the degree of ecological space conflict risk, and identify the preliminary determined key areas for protection and restoration in the ecological space based on the conflict risk assessment results; the conflict risk assessment results include five conflict intensity levels; the key areas for protection and restoration are the fourth and fifth levels.

[0046] Step 400: Taking into account spatial heterogeneity and patch size, the ecological space is gridded using the fishnet analysis of the ArcGIS Pro software platform, and the conflict differentiation characteristics of the ecological space are determined according to the land use type and landscape pattern index within the set grid unit.

[0047] Step 500: Determine the key areas for protection and restoration in the ecological space to be finally determined based on the conflict risk assessment results and the conflict differentiation characteristics.

[0048] As a further specific implementation, step 100 specifically includes:

[0049] First, the research area is selected, and then TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population and economic, ecological and environmental protection data are collected. TM remote sensing image data is preprocessed, including remote sensing image correction, splicing and cropping, and human-computer interactive supervised classification; meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population and economic, ecological and environmental protection data are preprocessed with the help of GIS platform, including projection conversion, data format conversion, data cropping, attribute data processing, overlay analysis, raster reclassification, and interpolation calculation.

[0050] Among them, for TM remote sensing image data, it is necessary to use the remote sensing image processing software ENVI to pre-process the remote sensing images, including remote sensing image correction, splicing and cropping, and human-computer interactive supervised classification; meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population economy, ecological and environmental protection data are pre-processed with the help of GIS platform, including projection conversion, data format conversion, data cropping, attribute data processing, overlay analysis, raster reclassification, and interpolation calculation.

[0051] As a further specific implementation, step 200 specifically includes:

[0052] According to the environmental characteristics of the study area, the core ecological problems faced and the preprocessed data, the pressure index, state index and response index were calculated. That is, the pressure-state-response model (PSR) was used to evaluate the ecological environment quality under the influence of the three factors of society, economy and nature, and the single factor index results were obtained. In order to eliminate the influence of the differences in the dimensions and magnitude of each indicator on the calculation results, the range method was used to standardize the data of each indicator. Then the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) model was used to determine the indicator weights of multiple indicators, and the single factor was superimposed according to the weights of each indicator. The entropy weight and hierarchical analysis method were used to divide the data into 5 levels, and the level scores were assigned from low to high. 1 to 5 points, and the level scores were input into ArcGIS Pro software to extract the range of the fourth and fifth levels as ecological space.

[0053] The calculation formula for standardization is as follows:

[0054]

[0055] Where Y i is the standardized data of the i-th single factor indicator, x i is the initial value of the index of item i, xi max 、x i min are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index of the i-th item respectively.

[0056] In step 200, "pressure" mainly refers to the pressure of human society's economic activities on the demand for ecosystem resources; "state" refers to the carrying capacity and sustainable development capacity of resources and environment in the regional system for human activities and natural disasters; "response" represents the relevant countermeasures taken by humans to achieve sustainable development and ecological environment protection. Specific indicators can be selected according to the environmental characteristics of the research area and the core ecological problems faced. For example, "pressure" mainly comes from the growth of population and rapid economic development, and population density, economic density, construction land scale, etc. can be selected as pressure indicators; "state" indicators can be based on soil conservation, biodiversity, habitat quality, carbon fixation and oxygen release, water conservation, soil erosion and other related indicators in the "Guidelines for the Delineation of Ecological Protection Red Lines" that can reflect the survival function, development function and ecological function of the regional system; "response" indicators can select the output value of the tertiary industry to reflect the degree of human transformation of resource utilization methods, and the intensity of urban development to reflect the effectiveness of measures such as construction land scale control and transformation of industrial economic development methods.

[0057] XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting) is an efficient gradient boosting decision tree algorithm that can be used to calculate indicator weights. The basic idea is to continuously add trees and perform feature splitting. Each time a tree is added, a new function is learned. Each round of prediction is used to fit the residual of the previous round of prediction. The sample score can be predicted based on the characteristics of the sample. When the training is completed, n trees are obtained, and each tree will fall on the corresponding leaf node. Each leaf node corresponds to a score. Finally, the corresponding scores of all trees are added together to get the predicted value of the sample. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] F={f(x)=ω q(x)}(q:R m →T,ω q(x) ∈R T )

[0060] Where F is the function space of k tree ensembles, ω q(x) represents the score of leaf node q, k is the number of decision trees in the model, T is the number of leaf nodes, X i is the i-th sample (i=1,2,…,2756), f k (X i ) is the predicted value of the kth tree, Represents the predicted value of the final output of the model.

[0061] As a further specific implementation, step 300 specifically includes:

[0062] Based on the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, the spatial risk conflict index is constructed to calculate the ecological space conflict risk degree. Then, according to the conflict risk assessment results, the areas with high fragmentation and vulnerability in the ecological space are identified as the theoretical key areas for protection and restoration, and a visualized location map of the key areas for ecological space protection and restoration is obtained. The corresponding rules are as follows: the conflict intensity levels include 1 stable, 2 relatively stable, 3 basically controllable, 4 basically out of control, and 5 out of control. 4 basically out of control and 5 out of control are the key areas for theoretical ecological space restoration, and 1 stable and 2 relatively stable are the key areas for theoretical ecological space protection.

[0063] Among them, the spatial risk conflict index is:

[0064]

[0065] SCCI=CI+FI-SI

[0066] Among them, SCCI is the spatial conflict risk level, CI is the spatial external pressure value, FI is the spatial exposure index, and SI is the spatial stability index. ij is the perimeter of the patch, km; a ij is the area of ​​the patch, km 2 ; A is the total landscape area, km 2 ; i is the number of plaques; j is the type of plaque; F i The landscape vulnerability is ranked according to the Delphi method, from strong to weak: construction land is 1, cultivated land is 2, unused land is 3, grassland is 4, forest land is 5, and water area is 6; a i is the area of ​​various landscapes in the unit; S is the total area of ​​the space unit; N i It represents the number of type i patches in a spatial unit; A is the area of ​​the spatial unit. All index calculation results are normalized and the value range is 0 to 1.

[0067] In the conflict intensity levels, there are five specific levels: Level 1 stable, Level 2 relatively stable, Level 3 basically controllable, Level 4 basically out of control, and Level 5 out of control. Level 4 basically out of control and Level 5 out of control are the key areas for theoretical ecological space restoration, and Level 1 stable and Level 2 relatively stable are the key areas for theoretical ecological space protection.

[0068] As a further specific implementation, step 400 specifically includes:

[0069] Taking into account spatial heterogeneity and patch size, the ecological space was gridded and spatially statistically characterized using the ArcGIS Pro software platform's fishing net analysis and analysis and statistics tools. The sampling grid was 1 km × 1 km. Then, based on the results of spatial conflict intensity classification, typical sample points were selected for field investigation or representative areas were selected for verification with Google Earth images. The conflict differentiation characteristics of the ecological space were evaluated based on the land use type and landscape pattern index within the grid unit.

[0070] As a further specific implementation, step 500 specifically includes:

[0071] Determine the suitability of key restoration in spatial conflict areas based on conflict risk assessment and spatial conflict differentiation characteristics. Determine and identify key areas for ecological space protection and restoration based on spatial conflict risk level and suitability analysis.

[0072] Generally speaking, the more stable and resilient the area is within the ecological space, the more severe the natural and human impacts are on the outer areas, and the greater the possibility of needing human restoration. Combined with the conflict risk assessment and spatial conflict differentiation characteristics, the proportional relationship and spatial combination relationship of land use space are reasonably arranged, and the applicability analysis of key restoration of spatial conflict areas is carried out. The key areas for ecological space protection and restoration are determined based on the spatial conflict risk level and applicability analysis.

[0073] Compared with the prior art, the method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration based on conflict risk assessment described in the present invention has the following advantages:

[0074] (1) In the past, ecological space delineation was mainly based on the evaluation of the importance of ecosystem service functions and ecological vulnerability. However, in addition to natural factors, socio-economic factors also have a profound impact on the formation and change of ecological space. The identification of ecological space also needs to take into account the sustainability of the regional system. Using the PSR model to identify ecological space not only takes into account the functional attributes of the ecosystem itself, but also incorporates the impact of human socio-economic activities on the ecology, which is suitable for the current situation of urban ecological coupling development.

[0075] (2) Spatial conflict risk assessment can quantify the complexity, fragmentation, stability, etc. of ecological space. The advantage of this method is that it directly assesses conflict risk from the spatial pattern level of the regional scale. The risk source is no longer the exact risk source, but the ecological risk effect of the deviation of the landscape mosaic from the optimal pattern. The risk receptor is no longer the element in the ecosystem, but the ecosystem itself that constitutes the heterogeneous landscape.

[0076] (3) The identification of key areas for ecological space protection and restoration is conducive to the precise protection and restoration of key areas, realizing the spatial visualization of key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, and providing a theoretical basis and practical support for ecological space management and control.

[0077] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0078] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the core idea of ​​the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of ​​the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, characterized in that: include: Collect and preprocess data in the target research area to obtain multi-source data; the multi-source data includes TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population and economic, and ecological and environmental protection data; The pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data are used to evaluate the ecological environment quality, determine the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weights, and determine the ecological space of the target study area according to the results of the single factor superposition; the quality level of the target study area includes levels one to five; the quality level of the ecological space includes levels four and five; According to the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, a spatial risk conflict index is constructed to calculate the ecological space conflict risk level, and the key areas for protection and restoration that are preliminarily judged in the ecological space are identified based on the conflict risk assessment results; The conflict risk assessment results include five conflict intensity levels; The key areas for protection and restoration are the fourth and fifth levels; Taking into account spatial heterogeneity and patch size, the ecological space was gridded using the fishnet analysis of the ArcGIS Pro software platform, and the conflict differentiation characteristics of the ecological space were determined according to the land use type and landscape pattern index within the set grid cells. The final key areas for protection and restoration in the ecological space are determined based on the conflict risk assessment results and the conflict differentiation characteristics.

2. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The preprocessing includes: correction, splicing, clipping, projection conversion, data format conversion, data clipping, attribute data processing, overlay analysis, raster reclassification, and interpolation calculation.

3. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The method for determining the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weight is: Using the pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data, the indicators of ecological environment quality under the influence of the three factors of society, economy and nature are calculated to determine the single factor indicator data; The single factor indicator data are standardized by using the range method, and the indicator weights of each single factor indicator data are determined by using the extreme gradient boosting model to obtain the indicator weights corresponding to the single factor indicator data.

4. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The calculation formula for the standardization process is: Among them, Y i is the standardized data of the i-th single factor indicator, x i is the initial value of the index of item i, x imax 、x imin are the maximum and minimum values ​​of the index of the i-th item respectively.

5. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The conflict risk assessment results include: the first level is stable, the second level is relatively stable, the third level is basically controllable, the fourth level is basically out of control, and the fifth level is out of control.

6. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spatial risk conflict index is: SCCI=CI+FI-SI Among them, SCCI is the spatial conflict risk level, CI is the spatial external pressure value, FI is the spatial exposure index, and SI is the spatial stability index; P ij is the perimeter of the patch, km, a ij is the area of ​​the patch, km 2 ; A is the total landscape area, km 2 , i is the number of plaques; j is the type of plaque; F i is the landscape vulnerability, a i is the area of ​​various landscapes in the unit, S is the total area of ​​the space unit, N i It represents the number of type i patches in the spatial unit, and A is the area of ​​the spatial unit.

7. The method for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sampling specification of the grid unit is set to 1km×1km.

8. A system for identifying key areas for ecological space protection and restoration, characterized in that: include: The data acquisition module is used to collect and preprocess data in the target research area to obtain multi-source data; the multi-source data includes TM remote sensing images, meteorological, hydrological, soil, vegetation, population economy and ecological and environmental protection data; An ecological space determination module is used to use the pressure-state-response model and the multi-source data to evaluate the ecological environment quality, determine the single factor indicator data and the corresponding indicator weights, and determine the ecological space of the target study area according to the results of the single factor superposition; the quality level of the target study area includes levels one to five; the quality level of the ecological space includes levels four and five; A preliminary judgment module is used to construct a spatial risk conflict index based on the ecological risk assessment model of risk source-risk receptor-risk effect, calculate the degree of ecological space conflict risk, and identify the key areas of protection and restoration that are preliminarily judged in the ecological space based on the conflict risk assessment results; The conflict risk assessment results include five conflict intensity levels; The key areas for protection and restoration are the fourth and fifth levels; The conflict differentiation feature determination module is used to grid the ecological space using the fishing net analysis of the ArcGIS Pro software platform on the basis of considering spatial heterogeneity and patch size, and determine the conflict differentiation features of the ecological space according to the land use type and landscape pattern index within the set grid unit; The final judgment module is used to determine the final judgment of the key protection and restoration areas in the ecological space based on the conflict risk assessment results and the conflict differentiation characteristics.

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