Well cellar punching mechanism and well cellar type transplanter provided with same

Abstract

The invention provides a well cellar punching mechanism and a well cellar type transplanter provided with the same. The well cellar punching mechanism comprises a rack, a power driving device, a first chain wheel, a first crank, a first crank connecting rod, a second crank connecting rod, a second crank, a second chain wheel and a hole forming device, a power output shaft of the power driving device is connected with a first chain wheel, the rotating center of the first chain wheel is connected with one end of a first crank, the other end of the first crank is hinged to one end of a first crank connecting rod, the rotating center of a second chain wheel is hinged to one end of a second crank, and the other end of the second crank is hinged to one end of a second crank connecting rod. The other end of the second crank connecting rod is connected with the cavitation device. The other end of the first crank connecting rod is hinged to the middle of the second crank connecting rod. The first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected through a chain. The problems that in the prior art, labor intensity is large, punching is not coherent, soil backflow is serious, working efficiency is not ideal, soil entering is difficult, and a drill bit is prone to being damaged are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a well-cellar drilling mechanism and a well-cellar type transplanter equipped with the mechanism. Background Art

[0002] Flue-cured tobacco floating tray seedling well-cellar-style film covering and transplanting is the main method of growing flue-cured tobacco in Hubei Enshi Prefecture, Yichang City and Chongqing tobacco-growing areas. The above-mentioned areas are typical hilly and mountainous areas with many slopes and small plots. Currently, they are basically operated by hand, using backpack punchers. Due to the relatively large mass of the whole machine, the labor intensity of carrying it on the back is high, and the handle and back vibrate greatly during the well-cellar production, making it impossible to operate for a long time. At present, the well-cellar punchers on the market generally use gasoline engines as the power source, which inevitably have problems such as high noise and exhaust pollution.

[0003] A small amount of semi-mechanized transplanting equipment comes from the technology of plain vegetable plug seedling transplanter. Due to different seedling agronomy and planting requirements, it is difficult to apply to the tobacco transplanting needs of the hilly slopes in this area. At present, there is no fully automatic tobacco transplanter. The tobacco transplanters or flue-cured tobacco transplanters in use are basically semi-mechanized transplanters, suitable for large pot seedlings, using vegetable hard plug trays for seedlings, and no need to drill holes in the wells and pits; some tobacco well-pit transplanters under development basically use intermittent well-pit drilling and transplanting technology, with discontinuous drilling and low transplanting efficiency; traditional duckbill planters have the problem of serious soil return of the hole body and the inability to form high-quality wells and pits; multi-link hole-forming mechanisms have speed mismatch and are prone to "trumpet-shaped" holes. In addition, the existing hole-forming mechanisms have problems such as large resistance, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drilling drill bit.

[0004] In summary, when the well-cellar transplanter is drilling, there are problems such as high labor intensity, discontinuous drilling, serious soil backflow, unsatisfactory operation efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above technical problems, the present invention provides a well cellar drilling mechanism, which effectively solves the problems of high labor intensity, discontinuous drilling, serious soil backflow, unsatisfactory operating efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit in the prior art.

[0006] The present invention also provides a well-cellar type transplanter including the well-cellar drilling mechanism, which can effectively perform continuous drilling, reduce the resistance of the hole-forming drill bit when entering the soil, and allow the machine to enter the soil more easily, thereby improving the hole-forming efficiency and improving the hole quality.

[0007] The hole-forming device of the present invention is installed at the end of a double-crank five-bar mechanism, and the hole-forming drill bit is driven to move forward and backward and up and down through the rotation of the double crank, so that the hole-forming drill bit can be inserted into the soil more easily.

[0008] The cavitation device of the present invention uses a conical drill bit. Compared with a spiral blade drill bit, the inner wall of the well cellar formed is smoother and tighter, has a good cavitation effect, and is not easy to collapse. The cavitation device adopts low-speed movement and can achieve a better cavitation effect by changing the type of the drilling drill bit.

[0009] Note that the description of these objectives does not prevent the existence of other objectives. One embodiment of the present invention does not need to achieve all of the above objectives. Objectives other than the above objectives can be extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, and claims.

[0010] The present invention achieves the above technical objectives through the following technical means.

[0011] A well cellar drilling mechanism comprises a frame, a power driving device, a first sprocket, a first crank, a first crank connecting rod, a second crank connecting rod, a second crank, a second sprocket and a hole forming device;

[0012] The power drive device is installed on one side of the frame, and the first sprocket, the first crank, the first crank connecting rod, the second crank connecting rod, the second crank, the second sprocket, and the cavitation device are all installed on the other side of the frame;

[0013] The power output shaft of the power driving device is connected to the first sprocket, the rotation center of the first sprocket is connected to one end of the first crank, the other end of the first crank is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod, the rotation center of the second sprocket is hinged to one end of the second crank, the other end of the second crank is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod, the other end of the second crank connecting rod is connected to the cavitation device, and the other end of the first crank connecting rod is hinged to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod; the first sprocket and the second sprocket are connected by a chain.

[0014] In the above scheme, the power drive device includes a coupling, a motor bracket, a speed regulating motor, and a motor mounting plate;

[0015] The coupling is connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor; the speed regulating motor is installed on the motor bracket; the motor bracket is connected to one end of the motor mounting plate, and the other end of the motor mounting plate is connected to the frame.

[0016] In the above solution, the first crank comprises a first crank body, a first crank drive shaft, a first bearing sleeve, a first flange bearing and a crank cover plate;

[0017] Two flange bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame and installed on the frame; one side of the first crank drive shaft is connected to the coupling, and the other side passes through the flange bearing and the frame to be connected to the crank cover plate; the first sprocket and the flange bearing are connected through the first bearing sleeve, and are connected to the first crank drive shaft through a key; one end of the first crank body is in contact with the first sprocket through the first bearing sleeve, and are connected to the first crank drive shaft through a key, and the other end of the first crank body is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod; the speed regulating motor drives the first crank drive shaft to rotate through the coupling, and the first crank drive shaft drives the first sprocket and the first crank body to rotate synchronously through the key.

[0018] In the above scheme, the first crank connecting rod comprises a first crank connecting rod body, a connecting rod casting, a connecting rod pin, a deep groove ball bearing, a shaft elastic retaining ring and a connecting rod pin;

[0019] Through holes are respectively provided at both ends of the first crank connecting rod body, and two deep groove ball bearings are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the through holes. An elastic retaining ring for an axis is connected to the outer side of each deep groove ball bearing to limit the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearing; the connecting rod pin passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting body to connect one end of the first crank connecting body with the other end of the first crank body; the connecting rod pin passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting body to connect the other end of the first crank connecting body with one end of the connecting rod casting; the other end of the connecting rod casting is connected to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod body.

[0020] In the above scheme, the second crank connecting rod includes a second crank connecting rod body, a deep groove ball bearing, a bearing cover and a bearing end cover; the interior of one end of the second crank connecting rod body with a bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing, and a shaft end cover is connected to the outside of the deep groove ball bearing to limit axial displacement; a bearing end cover is connected to the outside of the bearing cover to limit axial displacement; the second crank is connected to the deep groove ball bearing.

[0021] In the above solution, the second crank comprises a second crank body, a second crank drive shaft, a second bearing sleeve and a second flange bearing;

[0022] Two second flange bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame and installed on the frame; one side of the second crank driving shaft is connected to one end of the second crank body, and the other side passes through the second flange bearing and is connected to the frame; the second sprocket is connected to the second flange bearing through a second bearing sleeve, and is connected to the second crank driving shaft through a key; the other end of the second crank body is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body;

[0023] The rotation centers of the first sprocket and the second sprocket are located on the same straight line, and the straight line intersects with the horizontal line to form an angle.

[0024] In the above scheme, the cavitation device includes a cavitation casting, a cavitation disc, a cavitation drill, a cavitation punching shaft, a deep groove ball bearing, and an elastic retaining ring for the shaft;

[0025] Two deep groove ball bearings are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connecting body; the outer sides of the deep groove ball bearings are each connected with an elastic retaining ring for the shaft to limit the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearings; one end of the cavitation casting is connected to the second crank connecting body through the cavitation punching shaft;

[0026] The bottom of the cavitation casting, the cavitation disc and the cavitation drill are connected from top to bottom through screws.

[0027] In the above scheme, the hole-forming drill bit is a conical drill bit with a taper of 0.5.

[0028] In the above scheme, the second crank connecting rod and the connecting rod casting and the cavity casting are on the same plane, the center line of the second crank connecting rod is perpendicular to the center line of the connecting rod casting, and the center line of the second crank connecting rod is perpendicular to the center line of the cavity casting.

[0029] A well-cellar type transplanter comprises the well-cellar drilling mechanism.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] 1. The present invention can make the hole-forming drill bit for drilling vertically inserted into the soil ridge, so that the hole-forming mechanism can drill holes along the set trajectory, which can effectively play a role in continuous drilling, reduce the resistance of the hole-forming drill bit when entering the soil, and make the machine enter the soil more easily, thereby improving the hole-forming efficiency and improving the hole quality.

[0032] 2. The present invention can vertically insert the hole-forming drill bit into the soil through the setting of the overall structure, which is beneficial to ensure the angle between the bottom of the ridge surface and the horizontal plane. The hole-forming drill bit is driven to move back and forth and up and down through the rotation of the double crank. The hole-forming device can make the hole-forming drill bit enter the soil more easily.

[0033] 3. The cavitation device of the present invention uses a conical drill bit. Compared with a spiral blade drill bit, the inner wall of the well cellar formed is smoother and tighter, has a good cavitation effect, and is not easy to collapse. The cavitation device uses a low rotation speed and can achieve a better soil-moving effect by changing the type of the drilling drill bit.

[0034] 4. The structure of the present invention forms a double-crank five-bar mechanism in mechanics, and the hole-forming trajectory is conducive to achieving the smoothness and vibration reduction of the mechanism movement. It is not easy to slip between the hole-forming drill bit and the hole, and the soil particles on the inner wall of the hole are scraped well. It is not easy for the soil on the inner wall of the hole to flow back to the bottom of the hole, so high-quality holes can be formed. When the punching mechanism reaches the ridge line, it breaks through the ground film and completes the hole. The trajectory below the ridge line is basically horizontal with the ridge line, meeting the hole-forming requirements.

[0035] 5. The present invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and discontinuous drilling in the prior art. Through the interaction mechanism between the cavitation mechanism and the soil and the squeezing effect of the cavitation drill bit, the soil moves to the surrounding area, the gaps between soil particles become smaller, and the compactness increases, thereby solving the problems of severe soil backflow, unsatisfactory operating efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit.

[0036] Note that the description of these effects does not prevent the existence of other effects. One embodiment of the present invention does not necessarily have all of the above effects. Effects other than the above can be clearly seen and extracted from the description of the specification, drawings, claims, etc. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0037] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0038] Figure 1 The figure is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a double-crank five-rod well drilling mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0039] Figure 2 The figure is a schematic structural diagram of a power drive device of a well cellar drilling mechanism according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of a double crank structure according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0041] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a crank-connecting rod structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of a cavitation device according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 6 The invention discloses a mathematical model of a double-crank five-rod well cellar drilling mechanism.

[0044] Figure 7 It is a simulation diagram of the relative motion trajectory of the double crank five-rod well cellar drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 8 It is a simulation diagram of the absolute motion trajectory of the double crank five-rod well drilling mechanism of the present invention.

[0046] In the figure: 1-frame, 2-power drive device, 3-first sprocket, 4-first crank, 5-first crank connecting rod, 6-second crank connecting rod, 7-second crank, 8-second sprocket, 9-hole forming device, 201-coupling, 202-motor bracket, 203-speed regulating motor, 204-click mounting plate, 401-first crank body, 402-first crank drive shaft, 403-first bearing sleeve, 404-first flange bearing, 405-crank cover plate, 501-first crank connecting rod body, 502-deep groove ball bearing, 50 3- elastic retaining ring for shaft, 504- connecting rod casting, 505- connecting rod pin, 506- connecting rod pin, 601- second crank connecting rod body, 602- bearing end cover, 603- bearing cover, 604- deep groove ball bearing with dust cover on both sides, 701- second crank body, 702- second crank drive shaft, 703- second bearing sleeve, 704- second flange bearing, 901- cavitation casting, 902- cavitation drilling shaft, 903- deep groove ball bearing, 904- elastic retaining ring for shaft, 905- cavitation disc, 906- cavitation drill bit. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0048] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "front", "back", "left", "right", "up", "down", "axial", "radial", "vertical", "horizontal", "inside", "outside" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0049] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0050] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0051] Example 1

[0052] like Figure 1-5 As shown, a preferred embodiment of the well cellar drilling mechanism of the present invention is used to realize the continuous drilling function of the present invention, reduce the drilling resistance when the machine moves forward, and make it easier for the drilling drill to enter the soil; reduce the collapse of the hole after the hole is formed, the looseness, and the serious backfill of the hole body.

[0053] The well cellar drilling mechanism comprises a frame 1, a power driving device 2, a first sprocket 3, a first crank 4, a first crank connecting rod 5, a second crank connecting rod 6, a second crank 7, a second sprocket 8 and a hole forming device 9.

[0054] The frame 1 is used to support and connect various devices.

[0055] The power drive device 2 is used to provide power to the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, and the second crank 7. The first crank 4 and the second crank 7 are respectively mounted on the upper right and lower left of the left side plate of the frame 1, and are connected to the bearing seat hole on the frame 1. The first crank 4 and the second crank 7 convert the power input by the power drive device 2 into a uniform rotation of the cranks. The first crank 4 and the second crank 7 have the same rotation speed, and drive the first crank connecting rod 5 and the second crank connecting rod 6 to drive to form a synthetic motion, and drive the terminal cavitation device 9 to form a well cellar drilling motion. The cavitation device 9 can reduce the resistance of the mechanism when entering the soil, allowing the drilling drill to enter the soil more easily, forming high-quality holes, and providing a basis for realizing the mechanical motion of film breaking, drilling, transplanting, and pouring.

[0056] The power drive device 2, the first sprocket 3, the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7, the second sprocket 8, and the cavitation device 9 are all installed on the frame 1;

[0057] Preferably, the power drive device 2 is installed on one side of the frame 1, and the first sprocket 3, the first crank 4, the first crank connecting rod 5, the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7, the second sprocket 8, and the cavitation device 9 are all installed on the other side of the frame 1; the power output shaft of the power drive device 2 is connected to the first sprocket 3, the rotation center of the first sprocket 3 is connected to one end of the first crank 4, the other end of the first crank 4 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod 5, the rotation center of the second sprocket 8 is hinged to one end of the second crank 7, the other end of the second crank 7 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod 6 through the driving shaft, the other end of the second crank connecting rod 6 is connected to the cavitation device 9, and the other end of the first crank connecting rod 5 is hinged to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod 6 through the connecting rod casting 505; the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain.

[0058] The first crank 4, the power drive device 2 and the first sprocket 3 are located at the upper right of the frame 1; the first crank connecting rod 5 is located at the end of the first crank 4 and is connected by a pin 506; the first crank connecting rod 5 and the second crank connecting rod 6 are connected by a connecting rod casting 504; the second crank connecting rod 6, the second crank 7 and the second sprocket 8 are located at the lower left of the frame 1; the straight line where the rotation centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are located is arranged at a fixed angle to the horizontal straight line, the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain, and the rotating motor 203 drives the two to rotate synchronously; the hole forming device 9 is connected to the end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 to drive the hole forming drill bit 906 to be inserted into the soil ridge along the set trajectory to form a high-quality hole.

[0059] like Figure 2 As shown, the power drive device 2 includes a coupling 201, a motor bracket 202, a speed regulating motor 203, and a motor mounting plate 204; the coupling 201 is connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor 203 to drive the crank movement; the speed regulating motor 203 is installed on the motor bracket 202; the motor bracket 202 is connected to one end of the motor mounting plate 204 by bolts, and the other end of the motor mounting plate 204 is connected to the frame 1. Preferably, the power drive device 2 is installed on the right side of the frame 1 and connected to the motor hole of the frame 1.

[0060] like Figure 3 As shown, the first crank 4 includes a first crank body 401, a first crank drive shaft 402, a first bearing sleeve 403, a first flange bearing 404 and a crank cover plate 405;

[0061] Two flange bearings 404 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and are installed on the upper right side of the frame 1 by bolts; one side of the first crank drive shaft 402 is connected to the coupling 201, and the other side passes through the flange bearing 404 and the frame 1 and is connected to the crank cover 405 by screws; the first sprocket 3 is connected to the flange bearing 404 through the first bearing sleeve 403, and is connected to the first crank drive shaft 402 by a key; one end of the first crank body 401 is in contact with the first sprocket 3 through the first bearing sleeve 403, and is connected to the first crank drive shaft 402 by a key, and as the first crank drive shaft 402 rotates synchronously, the other end of the first crank body 401 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod 5; the speed regulating motor 203 drives the first crank drive shaft 402 to rotate through the coupling 201, and the first crank drive shaft 402 drives the first sprocket 3 and the first crank body 401 to rotate synchronously through the key.

[0062] like Figure 4 As shown, the first crank connecting rod 5 includes a first crank connecting rod body 501, a connecting rod casting 504, a connecting rod pin 505, a deep groove ball bearing 502, a shaft elastic retaining ring 503 and a connecting rod pin 506;

[0063] Both ends of the first crank connecting rod body 501 are respectively provided with through holes, and two deep groove ball bearings 502 are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the through holes, and an axial elastic retaining ring 503 is connected to the outer side of each deep groove ball bearing 502 to limit the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearing 502; the connecting rod pin 506 passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting rod body 501, and connects one end of the first crank connecting rod body 501 with the other end of the first crank body 401; the connecting rod pin shaft 505 passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting rod body 501, and connects the other end of the first crank connecting rod body 501 with one end of the connecting rod casting 504, and the first crank connecting rod body 501, the connecting rod pin shaft 505, and the connecting rod casting 504 are connected together by screws; the other end of the connecting rod casting 504 is connected to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod body 601 by screws.

[0064] like Figure 4 As shown, the second crank connecting rod 6 includes a second crank connecting rod body 601, a deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides, a bearing cover 603 and a bearing end cover 602; the interior of one end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 with a bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides, and the outer side of the deep groove ball bearing 604 with dust covers on both sides is connected to a shaft end cover 603 for limiting the axial displacement of the bearing, and is bolted to the second crank connecting rod body 601; the outer side of the bearing cover 603 is connected to a bearing end cover 602 for limiting the axial displacement of the bearing; the second crank body 701 of the second crank 7 is connected to the deep groove ball bearing 604.

[0065] like Figure 3 As shown, the second crank 7 includes a second crank body 701, a second crank drive shaft 702, a second bearing sleeve 703 and a second flange bearing 704;

[0066] The two second flange bearings 704 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and are installed at the lower left of the frame 1 by bolts; one side of the second crank drive shaft 702 is connected to one end of the second crank body 701 by bolts, and the other side passes through the second flange bearing 704 and is connected to the frame 1; the second sprocket 8 is connected to the second flange bearing 704 through the second bearing sleeve 703, and is connected to the second crank drive shaft 702 by a key; the other end of the second crank body 701 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body 601.

[0067] The first crank 4 drives the second crank 7 to move synchronously through a chain, and the second crank driving shaft 702 drives the second sprocket 8 and the second crank body 701 to rotate synchronously through a key.

[0068] The first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain and driven by a uniformly rotating power source to move synchronously; the rotation centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are in the same straight line, and the straight line intersects the horizontal line at an angle of preferably 40 to 50°; the distance between the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 is preferably 290 mm.

[0069] like Figure 5 As shown, the cavitation device 9 includes a cavitation casting 901, a cavitation disc 905, a cavitation drill 906, a cavitation punching shaft 902, a deep groove ball bearing 903, and a shaft elastic retaining ring 904;

[0070] Two deep groove ball bearings 903 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connection body 601; the outer sides of the deep groove ball bearings 903 are each connected to an axial elastic retaining ring 904 for limiting the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearings 903; one end of the cavitation casting 901 is connected to the second crank connection body 601 through a cavitation drilling shaft 902; the cavitation drilling shaft 902 is installed on the cavitation casting 901 through screws; the bottom of the cavitation casting 901, the cavitation disc 905, and the cavitation drill bit 906 are connected from top to bottom through screws.

[0071] The hole-forming drill bit 906 is a conical drill bit with a taper of 0.5. At this time, the soil return effect is the best, which is conducive to ensuring the aperture size of the hole-forming body.

[0072] The hole-forming drill bit 906 is made of high-strength metal, and different types of hole-forming drill bits can be easily replaced according to different transplanting work requirements.

[0073] The second crank connecting rod 6, the connecting rod casting 504 and the cavitation casting 901 are on the same plane, the center line of the second crank connecting rod 6 is perpendicular to the center line of the connecting rod casting 504, and the center line of the second crank connecting rod 6 is perpendicular to the center line of the cavitation casting 901, which improves the drilling accuracy and is beneficial to ensuring the drilling depth and well effect of the cavitation mechanism.

[0074] The cavitation device 9 is installed at the end of the second crank-connecting rod mechanism 6, and is driven by the first crank-connecting rod 5 and the second crank-connecting rod 6 to form a combined motion, driving the end cavitation device 9 to form a complex motion of well cellar drilling.

[0075] like Figure 6 As shown, the rotation center of the first sprocket 3 is connected to one end of the first crank body 401, the other end of the first crank body 401 is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod body 501, the rotation center of the second sprocket 8 is hinged to one end of the second crank body 701, the other end of the second crank body 701 is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body 601, the other end of the second crank connecting rod body 601 is connected to the cavitation casting 901, and the other end of the first crank connecting rod body 501 is hinged to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod body 601 through the connecting rod casting 505; the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8 are connected by a chain, and based on this connection method, a double crank five-bar mechanism is formed in mechanics.

[0076] The mathematical model of the double crank five-bar mechanism includes l1, l2, l3, l4, l5, where l1, l2, l3, l4, l5 are five bars corresponding to each other in mechanics, such as Figure 7 As shown, the five lines of different colors represent the five-bar double crank five-bar mechanism; wherein l1 is the distance between the centers of the first sprocket 3 and the second sprocket 8, l2 is the length of the first crank body 401, l3 is the length of the first crank connecting rod body 501, l4 is the distance from the rotation center of the first crank connecting rod body 501 to the rotation center of the second crank connecting rod body 601, l5 is the length of the second crank body 701; l4 is Among them, l6 is the length of the connecting rod casting 504, l7 is the distance between the rotation center of the second crank body 701 and the connecting rod casting 504; l8 is the distance between the center of the cavitation casting 901 and the connecting rod casting 504; l9 is the length of the cavitation device 9, and G is the end point of the drilling drill.

[0077] When the double crank five-bar mechanism is working, l2 (first crank 4) and l5 (second crank 7) are the prime movers, which rotate at equal angular velocities around the rotation center point A of the first sprocket 3 and the rotation center point O of the second sprocket 8, respectively, and drive the hole-forming device 9 through l3 (first crank connecting rod 5) and l4 to complete the drilling work according to a predetermined trajectory.

[0078] Preferably, l1 is preferably 290mm, the length of l2 is preferably 73mm, the length of l3 is preferably 120mm, the length of l5 is preferably 60mm, the length of l6 is preferably 45mm, the length of l7 is preferably 220mm, the length of l8 is preferably 230mm, and in order to meet the depth of tobacco well-type perforation, the length of l9 is preferably 180mm.

[0079] Figure 6 α1 is the angle between the connecting line of the rotation centers of the first crank 4 and the second crank 7 and the horizontal line, α2 is the angle between the center line of the first crank 4 and the horizontal line, α3 is the angle between the center line of the first crank-connecting rod 5 and the horizontal line, α4 is the angle between the connecting line from the rotation center of the first crank-connecting rod 5 to the rotation center of the second crank-connecting rod 6 and the horizontal line, α5 is the angle between the center line of the second crank 7 and the horizontal line, α6 is the angle between the connecting line of the rotation center of the second crank 7 and the connecting rod casting 504 and the horizontal line, α7 is the angle between the connecting line of the cavitation device 9 and the connecting rod casting 504 and the horizontal line, α8 is the angle between the center line of the cavitation device 9 and the center line of the second crank-connecting rod 6. In a specific embodiment of the present invention, the initial angles α1, α2 and α5 are given as 45°, α2 and 45°, and α5 and 60°.

[0080] In a specific embodiment of the present invention, in order to meet the agronomic requirements of well-cellar type hole formation, it is expected to be able to insert the hole into the hole at a uniform and stable rate, and the speed must be kept to a minimum at the moment of entering and exiting the soil. After comparison with the previous design goals, the crank speed is set to 45 / min, the movement speed of the transplanter is 0.4m / s, α8 is 90°, l1 is 290mm, l2 is 100mm, l3 is 122mm, l5 is 64mm, l6 is 45mm, l7 is 229mm, l8 is 229mm, and l9 is 243mm. The ideal static trajectory of the punching mechanism is obtained. The hole formation trajectory is as follows: Figure 7 As shown in the figure, the relative motion trajectory of the punching mechanism, that is, the trajectory of the hole-forming drill bit 906 relative to the frame 1, at this time, the curve is relatively smooth and continuous, without a sharp turning point, and the fluctuation range of speed and acceleration is also small, which is conducive to achieving the smoothness and vibration reduction of the mechanism movement; when the transplanter moves forward, it is inserted into the soil ridge along the set trajectory, such as Figure 8As shown in the figure, the absolute motion trajectory of the punching mechanism is shown, that is, the trajectory of the hole-forming drill bit 906 relative to the ground. There is a loop in the hole-forming trajectory below the ridge surface line. The horizontal speed of the hole-forming mechanism is equal to the movement speed of the transplanter, but in opposite direction. At this time, the absolute instantaneous speed of the hole-forming is zero relative to the ground, that is, the zero-speed point. When forming a hole at the zero-speed point, it is not affected by the movement of the mechanism. No slip occurs between the hole-forming drill bit and the hole. There is a good scraping effect on the soil particles on the inner wall of the hole, and it is not easy for the soil on the inner wall of the hole to flow back to the bottom of the hole, so high-quality holes can be formed. When the punching mechanism reaches the ridge surface line, it breaks through the ground film and completes the hole. The trajectory below the ridge surface line is basically horizontal with the ridge surface line, which meets the requirements for hole formation.

[0081] The present invention solves the problems of high labor intensity and discontinuous drilling in the prior art. Through the interaction mechanism between the cavitation mechanism and the soil, the soil is moved to the surroundings through the squeezing effect of the cavitation drill bit 906, so that the gaps between soil particles become smaller and the compaction degree is increased, thereby solving the problems of severe soil backflow, unsatisfactory working efficiency, difficulty in entering the soil, and easy damage to the drill bit.

[0082] Example 2

[0083] A well-cellar type transplanter includes the well-cellar drilling mechanism described in Example 1, and thus has the above-mentioned beneficial effects, which will not be described in detail here.

[0084] It should be understood that although this specification is described according to various embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative method of the specification is only for the sake of clarity. Those skilled in the art should regard the specification as a whole. The technical solutions in each embodiment may also be appropriately combined to form other implementation methods that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

[0085] The series of detailed descriptions listed above are only specific descriptions of feasible embodiments of the present invention. They are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. All equivalent embodiments or changes that do not deviate from the technical spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A well cellar drilling mechanism, characterized in that: It comprises a frame (1), a power drive device (2), a first sprocket (3), a first crank (4), a first crank connecting rod (5), a second crank connecting rod (6), a second crank (7), a second sprocket (8) and a cavitation device (9); The power drive device (2) is installed on one side of the frame (1), and the first sprocket (3), the first crank (4), the first crank connecting rod (5), the second crank connecting rod (6), the second crank (7), the second sprocket (8), and the cavitation device (9) are all installed on the other side of the frame (1); The power output shaft of the power drive device (2) is connected to the first sprocket (3), the rotation center of the first sprocket (3) is connected to one end of the first crank (4), the other end of the first crank (4) is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod (5), the rotation center of the second sprocket (8) is hinged to one end of the second crank (7), the other end of the second crank (7) is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod (6), the other end of the second crank connecting rod (6) is connected to the cavitation device (9), and the other end of the first crank connecting rod (5) is hinged to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod (6); the first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are connected by a chain.

2. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The power drive device (2) comprises a coupling (201), a motor bracket (202), a speed regulating motor (203), and a motor mounting plate (204); The coupling (201) is connected to the output shaft of the speed regulating motor (203); the speed regulating motor (203) is mounted on the motor bracket (202); the motor bracket (202) is connected to one end of the motor mounting plate (204), and the other end of the motor mounting plate (204) is connected to the frame (1).

3. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first crank (4) comprises a first crank body (401), a first crank drive shaft (402), a first bearing sleeve (403), a first flange bearing (404) and a crank cover plate (405); Two flange bearings (404) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1) and mounted on the frame (1); one side of the first crank drive shaft (402) is connected to the coupling (201), and the other side passes through the flange bearing (404) and the frame (1) and is connected to the crank cover plate (405); the first sprocket (3) is connected to the flange bearing (404) through a first bearing sleeve (403), and is connected to the first crank drive shaft (402) through a key; the first crank body ( One end of the first crank body (401) is in contact with the first sprocket (3) through the first bearing sleeve (403) and is connected to the first crank drive shaft (402) through a key, and the other end of the first crank body (401) is hinged to one end of the first crank connecting rod (5); the speed regulating motor (203) drives the first crank drive shaft (402) to rotate through the coupling (201), and the first crank drive shaft (402) drives the first sprocket (3) and the first crank body (401) to rotate synchronously through the key.

4. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first crank connecting rod (5) comprises a first crank connecting rod body (501), a connecting rod casting (504), a connecting rod pin (505), a deep groove ball bearing (502), a shaft elastic retaining ring (503) and a connecting rod pin (506); Through holes are respectively provided at both ends of the first crank connecting rod body (501), and two deep groove ball bearings (502) are symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the through holes. An axial elastic retaining ring (503) is connected to the outer side of each deep groove ball bearing (502) to limit the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearing (502); a connecting rod pin (506) passes through the through hole at one end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to connect one end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) with the other end of the first crank connecting rod body (401); a connecting rod pin shaft (505) passes through the through hole at the other end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) to connect the other end of the first crank connecting rod body (501) with one end of a connecting rod casting (504); and the other end of the connecting rod casting (504) is connected to the middle part of the second crank connecting rod body (601).

5. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second crank connecting rod (6) comprises a second crank connecting rod body (601), a deep groove ball bearing (604), a bearing cover (603) and a bearing end cover (602); the interior of one end of the second crank connecting rod body (601) with a bearing seat hole is connected to the deep groove ball bearing (604), and the outer side of the deep groove ball bearing (604) is connected to a shaft end cover (603) for limiting axial displacement; the outer side of the bearing cover (603) is connected to a bearing end cover (602) for limiting axial displacement; the second crank (7) is connected to the deep groove ball bearing (604).

6. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second crank (7) comprises a second crank body (701), a second crank drive shaft (702), a second bearing sleeve (703) and a second flange bearing (704); Two second flange bearings (704) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1) and mounted on the frame (1); one side of the second crank drive shaft (702) is connected to one end of the second crank body (701), and the other side passes through the second flange bearing (704) and is connected to the frame (1); the second sprocket (8) is connected to the second flange bearing (704) via a second bearing sleeve (703), and is connected to the second crank drive shaft (702) via a key; the other end of the second crank body (701) is hinged to one end of the second crank connecting rod body (601); The rotation centers of the first sprocket (3) and the second sprocket (8) are located on the same straight line, and the straight line intersects with the horizontal line to form an angle.

7. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cavitation device (9) comprises a cavitation casting (901), a cavitation disc (905), a cavitation drill bit (906), a cavitation punching shaft (902), a deep groove ball bearing (903), and a shaft elastic retaining ring (904); Two deep groove ball bearings (903) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the other end of the second crank connection body (601); the outer sides of the deep groove ball bearings (903) are each connected to an axial elastic retaining ring (904) for limiting the axial movement of the deep groove ball bearings (903); one end of the cavitation casting (901) is connected to the second crank connection body (601) via a cavitation punching shaft (902); The bottom of the cavitation casting (901), the cavitation disc (905) and the cavitation drill bit (906) are connected from top to bottom by screws.

8. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 7, characterized in that: The hole forming drill bit (906) is a conical drill bit with a taper of 0.

5.

9. The well cellar drilling mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second crank connecting rod (6), the connecting rod casting (504) and the cavity casting (901) are on the same plane, the center line of the second crank connecting rod (6) and the center line of the connecting rod casting (504) are perpendicular, and the center line of the second crank connecting rod (6) and the center line of the cavity casting (901) are perpendicular.

10. A pit-type transplanter, characterized in that: It comprises the well cellar drilling mechanism described in any one of claims 1-9.

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