Apparatus, system and method for transmitting physical layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDU)

Abstract

For example, a wireless communication station (STA) may be configured to generate a preamble of a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) according to a PPDU frame format. For example, the STA may be configured to generate a data payload for the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format. For example, the data payload may include a plurality of data payload portions. For example, the PPDU may include a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload portion and a second data payload portion of the plurality of data payload portions. For example, the STA may be configured to transmit the PPDU.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects described herein generally relate to transmitting physical layer (PHY) protocol data units (PPDUs). Background Art

[0002] Some wireless communication networks may support the transmission of high throughput data to users of wireless communication devices.

[0003] Technical solutions are needed to provide increased and / or efficient access to wireless communication media. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0004] For simplicity and clarity of illustration, the elements shown in the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, for clarity of presentation, the sizes of some elements may be exaggerated relative to other elements. In addition, reference numerals may be repeated in the drawings to indicate corresponding or similar elements. These drawings are listed below.

[0005] Figure 1 is a schematic block diagram of a system according to some illustrative aspects.

[0006] Figure 2 is a diagram of a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) frame format according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0007] Figure 3 is a diagram of an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) frame format, according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0008] Figure 4 is a diagram of an A-PSDU frame format according to some illustrative aspects.

[0009] Figure 5 is a diagram of an A-PSDU frame format according to some illustrative aspects.

[0010] Figure 6 is a diagram of a segmented PPDU frame format according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0011] Figure 7 is a diagram of a segmented PPDU frame format according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0012] Figure 8 is a diagram of a segmented PPDU frame format according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0013] Fig. 9 is a schematic flow chart illustration of a method of transmitting a PPDU, according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0014] Fig.10is a schematic flow chart illustration of a method of transmitting a PPDU, according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0015] Fig.11 is a schematic diagram of an article of manufacture according to some illustrative aspects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] In the detailed description that follows, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some aspects. However, it will be appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art that some aspects may be practiced without these specific details. In other cases, well-known methods, procedures, components, units and / or circuits are not described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the discussion.

[0017] Discussions herein utilizing terms such as "process," "compute," "arithmetic," "determine," "create," "analyze," "examine," and the like may refer to operations and / or processes of a computer, computing platform, computing system, or other electronic computing device that manipulate and / or transform data represented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within a computer's registers and / or memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within a computer's registers and / or memories or other information storage media that may store instructions for performing the operations and / or processes.

[0018] As used herein, the terms “plurality” and “a plurality” include, for example, “a plurality” or “two or more.” For example, “a plurality of items” includes two or more items.

[0019] References to "one aspect," "an aspect," "illustrative aspects," "various aspects," etc. indicate that the aspects so described may include particular features, structures, or characteristics, but not every aspect must include the particular features, structures, or characteristics. Furthermore, repeated use of the phrase "in one aspect" does not necessarily refer to the same aspect, although it may.

[0020] As used herein, unless otherwise indicated, the use of ordinal adjectives "first," "second," "third," etc. to describe common objects indicates merely that different instances of similar objects are referred to and is not intended to imply that the objects so described must be in a given order, whether in time, space, arrangement, or in any other manner.

[0021] Some aspects may be used in conjunction with various devices and systems, for example, user equipment (UE), mobile device (MD), wireless station (STA), personal computer (PC), desktop computer, mobile computer, laptop computer, notebook computer, tablet computer, server computer, handheld computer, handheld device, wearable device, sensor device, Internet of Things (IoT) device, personal digital assistant (PDA) device, handheld PDA device, vehicle-mounted device, non-vehicle-mounted device, hybrid device, vehicle-mounted device, non-vehicle-mounted device, mobile or portable device, consumer device, non-mobile or portable device, wireless communication station, wireless communication device, wireless access point (AP), wired or wireless router, wired or wireless modem, video device, audio device, audio-video (A / V) device, wired or wireless network, wireless local area network, wireless video local area network (WVAN), local area network (LAN), wireless LAN (WLAN), personal area network (PAN), wireless PAN (WPAN), etc.

[0022] Some aspects may be used in conjunction with existing IEEE 802.11 standards, including IEEE 802.112020 (IEEE 802.11-2020, IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, December, 2020); IEEE 802.11ax (IEEE 802.11ax-2021, IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications; Amendment 1: Enhancements for High-Efficiency WLAN, February 2021); and / or IEEE 802.11be (IEEE P802.11be / D3.1 Draft Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications; Amendment 8: Enhancements for extremely high throughput (EHT), March 2023; IEEE P802.11be / D3.1Draft Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements; Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications; Amendment 8: Enhancements for extremely high throughput (EHT), March 2023))) operating devices and / or networks and / or their future versions and / or their derivative versions, devices and / or networks operating according to existing cellular specifications and / or protocols and / or their future versions and / or their derivative versions, units and / or devices as part of the above networks, etc. .

[0023] Some aspects may be used in conjunction with: one-way and / or two-way radio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communication systems, mobile phones, cellular phones, wireless phones, personal communication system (PCS) devices, PDA devices including wireless communication devices, mobile or portable global positioning system (GPS) devices, devices including GPS receivers or transceivers or chips, devices including RFID elements or chips, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transceivers or devices, single-input multiple-output (SIMO) transceivers or devices, multiple-input single-output (MISO) transceivers or devices, devices with one or more internal antennas and / or external antennas, digital video broadcasting (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devices or systems, wired or wireless handheld devices such as smart phones, wireless application protocol (WAP) devices, etc.

[0024] Some aspects may be used in conjunction with one or more types of wireless communication signals and / or systems, such as radio frequency (RF), infrared (IR), frequency division multiplexing (FDM), orthogonal FDM (OFDM), orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA), FDM time division multiplexing (TDM), time division multiple access (TDMA), multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), space division multiple access (SDMA), extended TDMA (E-TDMA), general packet radio service (GPRS), extended GPRS, code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier modulation (MDM), discrete multi-tone (DMT), Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee TM , ultra-wideband (UWB), 4G, fifth generation (5G) or sixth generation (6G) mobile networks, 3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Advanced LTE, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), etc. Other aspects can be used in various other devices, systems and / or networks.

[0025] As used herein, the term "wireless device" includes, for example, a device capable of wireless communication, a communication device capable of wireless communication, a communication station capable of wireless communication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wireless communication, etc. In some illustrative aspects, a wireless device may be or may include a peripheral device that can be integrated with a computer, or a peripheral device that can be attached to a computer. In some illustrative aspects, the term "wireless device" may optionally include a wireless service.

[0026] As used herein, the term "communication" with respect to a communication signal includes sending a communication signal and / or receiving a communication signal. For example, a communication unit capable of transmitting a communication signal may include a transmitter for sending a communication signal to at least one other communication unit and / or a communication receiver for receiving a communication signal from at least one other communication unit. The verb transmit may be used to refer to the action of sending or the action of receiving. In one example, the phrase "transmitting a signal" may refer to the action of a first device sending a signal, and may not necessarily include the action of a second device receiving a signal. In another example, the phrase "transmitting a signal" may refer to the action of a first device receiving a signal, and may not necessarily include the action of a second device sending a signal. The communication signal may be sent and / or received, for example, in the form of a radio frequency (RF) communication signal and / or any other type of signal.

[0027] As used herein, the term "circuitry" may refer to, be a part of, or include an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), an integrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group), and / or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) that executes one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logic circuit, and / or other suitable hardware components that provide the described functionality. In some aspects, some functions associated with the circuitry may be implemented by one or more software or firmware modules. In some aspects, the circuitry may include logic that is at least partially operable in hardware.

[0028] The term "logic" may refer to, for example, computing logic embedded in circuitry of a computing device and / or computing logic stored in memory of a computing device. For example, the logic may be accessed by a processor of a computing device to execute the computing logic in order to perform computing functions and / or operations. In one example, the logic may be embedded in various types of memory and / or firmware, such as silicon blocks of various chips and / or processors.

[0029] Logic may be included in and / or implemented as part of various circuits, such as radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmitter circuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, etc. In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and / or non-volatile memory, including random access memory, read-only memory, programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory, etc. Logic may be executed by one or more processors using memory (e.g., registers, memory blocks, buffers, etc.) coupled to the one or more processors, such as as needed to execute the logic.

[0030] Some illustrative aspects may be used in conjunction with a WLAN (eg, a WiFi network). Other aspects may be used in conjunction with any other suitable wireless communication network, such as a wireless area network, a "piconet," a WPAN, a WVAN, and the like.

[0031] Some demonstrative aspects may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network that communicates on a sub-10 Gigahertz (GHz) frequency band (eg, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, and / or any other frequency band below 10 GHz).

[0032] Some illustrative aspects may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network that communicates on an extremely high frequency (EHF) band (also referred to as a "millimeter wave (mmWave)" band), such as a band within a band between 20 GHz and 300 GHz, such as a band above 45 GHz, such as a 60 GHz band, and / or any other millimeter wave band. Some illustrative aspects may be used in conjunction with a wireless communication network that communicates on a sub-10 GHz band and / or a mmWave band, such as described below. However, other aspects may be implemented using any other suitable wireless communication band, such as a 5G band, a band below 20 GHz, a sub-1 GHz (S1G) band, a WLAN band, a WPAN band, etc.

[0033] Some illustrative aspects may be implemented by a mmWave STA (mSTA), which may include, for example, a STA having a radio transmitter capable of operating on a channel within the mmWave frequency band. In one example, mmWave communications may involve one or more directional links to communicate at a multi-gigabit per second rate, such as at least 1 gigabit per second, such as at least 7 gigabits per second, at least 30 gigabits per second, or any other rate.

[0034] In some demonstrative aspects, the mmWave STA may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) STA, which may be configured to communicate via a DMG frequency band. For example, the DMG frequency band may include a frequency band where a channel start frequency is above 45 GHz.

[0035] In some illustrative aspects, the mmWave STA may include an enhanced DMG (EDMG) STA, which may be configured to implement one or more mechanisms that may be configured to use a MIMO scheme to implement single-user (SU) and / or multi-user (MU) communications for downlink (DL) and / or uplink frames (UL). For example, the EDMG STA may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms that may, for example, support communications over a channel bandwidth (BW) (also referred to as a "wide channel", "EDMG channel", or "bonded channel") comprising two or more channels (e.g., two or more 2.16 GHz channels). For example, the channel bonding mechanism may include, for example, a mechanism and / or operation whereby two or more channels (e.g., 2.16 GHz channels) may be combined, such as for higher bandwidth packet transmissions, such as enabling higher data rates (e.g., compared to transmissions on a single channel). Some illustrative aspects are described herein with respect to communication over a channel BW comprising two or more 2.16 GHz channels, however other aspects may be implemented with respect to communication over a channel bandwidth, such as a "wide" channel, comprising or formed by any other number of two or more channels, such as an aggregated channel comprising an aggregation of two or more channels. For example, an EDMG STA may be configured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, which may, for example, support increased channel bandwidths, such as a channel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, a channel BW of 8.64 GHz, and / or any other additional or alternative channel BW. The EDMG STA may perform other additional or alternative functions.

[0036] In other aspects, the mmWave STA may include any other type of STA and / or may perform other additional or alternative functions. Other aspects may be implemented by any other apparatus, device, and / or station.

[0037] As used herein, the term "antenna" may include any suitable configuration, structure, and / or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies, and / or arrays. In some aspects, an antenna may use separate transmit and receive antenna elements to implement transmit and receive functions. In some aspects, an antenna may use a common and / or integrated transmit / receive element to implement transmit and receive functions. An antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna, a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and the like.

[0038] refer to Figure 1 , which schematically illustrates a system 100 according to some illustrative aspects.

[0039] like Figure 1As shown, in some demonstrative aspects, system 100 may include one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system 100 may include wireless communication device 102, wireless communication device 140, wireless communication device 160, and / or one or more other devices.

[0040] In some demonstrative aspects, devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may comprise mobile devices or non-mobile (eg, stationary) devices.

[0041] For example, the devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may include, for example, UE, MD, STA, AP, PC, desktop computer, mobile computer, laptop computer, Ultrabook, etc. TM Computer, Laptop Computer, Tablet Computer, Server Computer, Handheld Computer, Internet of Things (IoT) Device, Sensor Device, Handheld Device, Wearable Device, PDA Device, Handheld PDA Device, In-Vehicle Device, Off-Vehicle Device, Hybrid Device (e.g., Combining Cell Phone Functionality with PDA Device Functionality), Consumer Device, In-Vehicle Device, Off-Vehicle Device, Mobile or Portable Device, Non-Mobile or Non-Portable Device, Mobile Phone, Cell Phone, PCS Device, PDA Device Including Wireless Communication Device, Mobile or Portable GPS Device, DVB Device, Relatively Small Computing Device, Non-Desktop Computer, "Carry Small Live" Device Large) (CSLL) devices, ultra mobile devices (UMDs), ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs), mobile internet devices (MIDs), "origami" devices or computing devices, devices supporting dynamic composable computing (DCC), context-aware devices, video devices, audio devices, A / V devices, set-top boxes (STBs), Blu-ray Disc (BD) players, BD recorders, digital video disc (DVD) players, high-definition (HD) DVD players, DVD recorders, HDDVD recorders, personal video recorders (PVRs), broadcast HD receivers, video sources, audio sources, video receivers, audio receivers, stereo tuners, broadcast radio receivers, flat panel displays, personal media players (PMPs), digital video cameras (DVCs), digital audio players, speakers, audio receivers, audio amplifiers, gaming devices, data sources, data receivers, digital still cameras (DSCs), media players, smart phones, televisions, music players, etc.

[0042] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 may include, for example, one or more of processor 191, input unit 192, output unit 193, memory unit 194, and / or storage unit 195; and / or device 140 may include, for example, one or more of processor 181, input unit 182, output unit 183, memory unit 184, and / or storage unit 185. Devices 102 and / or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardware components and / or software components. In some illustrative aspects, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102 and / or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or package and may be interconnected or operably associated using one or more wired or wireless links. In other aspects, the components of one or more of devices 102 and / or 140 may be distributed in multiple or separate devices.

[0043] In some illustrative aspects, processor 191 and / or processor 181 may include, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multi-core processor, a microprocessor, a main processor, a controller, a plurality of processors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits, circuits, logic units, integrated circuits (ICs), application specific ICs (ASICs), or any other suitable general-purpose or specific processor or controller. Processor 191 may execute instructions of, for example, an operating system (OS) of device 102 and / or one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 may execute instructions of, for example, an operating system (OS) of device 140 and / or one or more suitable applications.

[0044] In some illustrative aspects, input unit 192 and / or input unit 182 may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch screen, a touch pad, a trackball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and / or output unit 183 may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch screen, a flat panel display, a light emitting diode (LED) display unit, a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or more audio speakers or headphones, or other suitable output devices.

[0045] In some illustrative aspects, memory unit 194 and / or memory unit 184 include, for example, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), flash memory, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, cache memory, buffer, short-term memory unit, long-term memory unit, or other suitable memory unit. Storage unit 195 and / or storage unit 185 may include, for example, a hard disk drive, a disk drive, a solid-state drive (SSD), and / or other suitable removable or non-removable storage unit. For example, memory unit 194 and / or storage unit 195 may store data processed by device 102. For example, memory unit 184 and / or storage unit 185 may store data processed by device 140.

[0046] In some demonstrative aspects, wireless communication devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may be capable of communicating content, data, information, and / or signals via wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrative aspects, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radio channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, a cellular channel, a 5G channel, an IR channel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) channel, and / or the like.

[0047] In some illustrative aspects, WM 103 may include one or more wireless communication bands and / or channels. For example, WM 103 may include one or more channels in a sub-10 GHz wireless communication band (e.g., a 2.4 GHz wireless communication band), one or more channels in a 5 GHz wireless communication band, and / or one or more channels in a 6 GHz wireless communication band. In another example, WM 103 may additionally or alternatively include one or more channels in a mmWave wireless communication band. In other aspects, WM 103 may include any other type of channel on any other frequency band.

[0048] In some illustrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may include one or more radios including circuitry and / or logic for performing wireless communications between devices 102, 140, 160, and / or one or more other wireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include one or more radios 114, and / or device 140 may include one or more radios 144.

[0049] In some illustrative aspects, radio 114 and / or radio 144 may include one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and / or logic for receiving wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and / or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116, and / or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

[0050] In some demonstrative aspects, radios 114 and / or 144 may include one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) that include circuitry and / or logic for transmitting wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and / or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter 118, and / or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

[0051] In some illustrative aspects, radios 114 and / or 144, transmitters 118 and / or 148, and / or receivers 116 and / or 146 may include circuitry; logic; radio frequency (RF) components, circuitry, and / or logic; baseband components, circuitry, and / or logic; modulation components, circuitry, and / or logic; demodulation components, circuitry, and / or logic; amplifiers; analog-to-digital converters and / or digital-to-analog converters; filters, etc. For example, radios 114 and / or 144 may include or be implemented as part of a wireless network interface card (NIC), etc.

[0052] In some illustrative aspects, radios 114 and / or 144 may be configured to communicate via a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHz band, a 6 GHz band, and / or any other frequency band (e.g., a directional band such as a mmWave band, a 5G band, an S1G band, and / or any other frequency band).

[0053] In some demonstrative aspects, radios 114 and / or 144 may include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas.

[0054] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102 may include one or more antennas 107 , and / or device 140 may include one or more antennas 147 .

[0055] Antennas 107 and / or 147 may include any type of antenna suitable for transmitting and / or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets, messages, and / or data. For example, antennas 107 and / or 147 may include any suitable configuration, structure, and / or arrangement of one or more antenna elements, components, units, assemblies, and / or arrays. In some aspects, antennas 107 and / or 147 may use separate transmit and receive antenna elements to implement transmit and receive functions. In some aspects, antennas 107 and / or 147 may use common and / or integrated transmit / receive elements to implement transmit and receive functions.

[0056] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 may include controller 124, and / or device 140 may include controller 154. Controller 124 may be configured to execute and / or trigger, cause, instruct, and / or control device 102 to perform one or more communications, generate and / or transmit one or more messages and / or transmissions, and / or perform one or more functions, operations, and / or procedures between devices 102, 140, 160, and / or one or more other devices; and / or controller 154 may be configured to execute and / or trigger, cause, instruct, and / or control device 140 to perform one or more communications, generate and / or transmit one or more messages and / or transmissions, and / or perform one or more functions, operations, and / or procedures between devices 102, 140, 160, and / or one or more other devices, such as described below.

[0057] In some illustrative aspects, controllers 124 and / or 154 may include circuitry and / or logic or may be partially or fully implemented by circuitry and / or logic, such as one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, memory circuitry and / or logic, media access control (MAC) circuitry and / or logic, physical layer (PHY) circuitry and / or logic, baseband (BB) circuitry and / or logic, BB processor, BB memory, application processor (AP) circuitry and / or logic, AP processor, AP memory, and / or any other circuitry and / or logic that is configured to perform the functions of controllers 124 and / or 154, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functions of controllers 124 and / or 154 may be implemented by logic that may be executed by a machine and / or one or more processors, such as described below.

[0058] In one example, the controller 124 may include circuitry and / or logic, such as one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, for causing, triggering, and / or controlling a wireless device, such as the device 102, and / or a wireless station, such as a wireless STA implemented by the device 102, to perform one or more operations, communications, and / or functions, such as described herein. In one example, the controller 124 may include at least one memory (e.g., coupled to one or more processors), which may be configured, for example, to store (e.g., at least temporarily) at least some information processed by the one or more processors and / or circuits, and / or may be configured to store logic to be utilized by the processors and / or circuits.

[0059] In one example, the controller 154 may include circuits and / or logic, such as one or more processors including circuits and / or logic, for causing, triggering, and / or controlling a wireless device, such as the device 140, and / or a wireless station, such as a wireless STA implemented by the device 140, to perform one or more operations, communications, and / or functions, such as described herein. In one example, the controller 154 may include at least one memory, such as coupled to one or more processors, which may be configured to, for example, store (e.g., at least temporarily) at least some information processed by the one or more processors and / or circuits, and / or may be configured to store logic to be utilized by the processors and / or circuits.

[0060] In some demonstrative aspects, at least part of the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 114 , and / or at least part of the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of one or more elements of radio 144 .

[0061] In other aspects, the functionality of controller 124 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102 , and / or the functionality of controller 154 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140 .

[0062] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102 may include a message processor 128 that is configured to generate, process, and / or access one or more messages transmitted by device 102 .

[0063] In one example, the message processor 128 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be sent by the device 102, and / or the message processor 128 may be configured to access and / or process one or more messages received by the device 102, such as described below.

[0064] In one example, the message processor 128 may include at least one first component configured to generate a message, for example, in the form of a frame, a field, an information element, and / or a protocol data unit (e.g., a MAC protocol data unit (MPDU)); at least one second component configured to convert the message into a PHY protocol data unit (PPDU), for example, by processing the message generated by at least one first component (e.g., by encoding the message, modulating the message, and / or performing any other additional or alternative processing on the message); and / or at least one third component configured to cause transmission of the message via a wireless communication medium (e.g., via a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication frequency band), for example, by applying one or more transmit waveforms to one or more fields of the PPDU. In other aspects, the message processor 128 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative functions and / or may include any other additional or alternative components to generate and / or process the message to be sent.

[0065] In some demonstrative aspects, device 140 may include a message processor 158 that is configured to generate, process, and / or access one or more messages transmitted by device 140 .

[0066] In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate one or more messages to be sent by device 140, and / or message processor 158 may be configured to access and / or process one or more messages received by device 140, such as described below.

[0067] In one example, the message processor 158 may include at least one first component configured to generate a message, for example, in the form of a frame, a field, an information element, and / or a protocol data unit (e.g., an MPDU); at least one second component configured to convert the message into a PPDU, for example, by processing the message generated by the at least one first component (e.g., by encoding the message, modulating the message, and / or performing any other additional or alternative processing on the message); and / or at least one third component configured to cause transmission of the message via a wireless communication medium (e.g., via a wireless communication channel in a wireless communication frequency band), for example, by applying one or more transmit waveforms to one or more fields of the PPDU. In other aspects, the message processor 158 may be configured to perform any other additional or alternative functions and / or may include any other additional or alternative components to generate and / or process the message to be sent.

[0068] In some illustrative aspects, message processors 128 and / or 158 may include circuitry and / or logic or may be partially or fully implemented by circuitry and / or logic, such as one or more processors including circuitry and / or logic, memory circuitry and / or logic, MAC circuitry and / or logic, PHY circuitry and / or logic, BB circuitry and / or logic, BB processor, BB memory, AP circuitry and / or logic, AP processor, AP memory, and / or any other circuitry and / or logic that is configured to respectively perform the functions of message processors 128 and / or 158. Additionally or alternatively, one or more functions of message processors 128 and / or 158 may be implemented by logic that may be executed by a machine and / or one or more processors, such as described below.

[0069] In some demonstrative aspects, at least a portion of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114 , and / or at least a portion of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of radio 144 .

[0070] In some demonstrative aspects, at least a portion of the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124 , and / or at least a portion of the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of controller 154 .

[0071] In other aspects, the functionality of message processor 128 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 102 , and / or the functionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of any other element of device 140 .

[0072] In some illustrative aspects, at least a portion of the functionality of controller 124 and / or message processor 128 may be implemented by an integrated circuit (e.g., a chip, such as a system on a chip (SoC)). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functions of one or more radios 114.

[0073] For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of the controller 124, one or more elements of the message processor 128, and / or one or more elements of the one or more radio devices 114. In one example, the controller 124, the message processor 128, and the one or more radio devices 114 may be implemented as part of a chip or SoC.

[0074] In other aspects, controller 124 , message processor 128 , and / or one or more radios 114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 102 .

[0075] In some illustrative aspects, at least a portion of the functionality of controller 154 and / or message processor 158 may be implemented by an integrated circuit (e.g., a chip, such as a SoC). In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or more functions of one or more radios 144. For example, the chip or SoC may include one or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of message processor 158, and / or one or more elements of one or more radios 144. In one example, controller 154, message processor 158, and one or more radios 144 may be implemented as part of a chip or SoC.

[0076] In other aspects, controller 154 , message processor 158 , and / or one or more radios 144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elements of device 140 .

[0077] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and / or perform one or more functions of one or more STAs.

[0078] For example, device 102 may include at least one STA, device 140 may include at least one STA, and / or device 160 may include at least one STA.

[0079] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may include, operate as, perform a role of, and / or perform one or more functions of one or more extremely high throughput (EHT) STAs.

[0080] For example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role, and / or perform one or more functions of one or more EHT STAs, and / or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role, and / or perform one or more functions of one or more EHT STAs.

[0081] In some illustrative aspects, for example, device 102 , device 140 , and / or device 160 may be configured to perform one or more operations and / or functions of a WiFi8 STA.

[0082] In other aspects, for example, devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may be configured to perform one or more operations and / or functions of an ultra-high reliability (UHR) STA.

[0083] In other aspects, for example, devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may be configured to perform one or more operations and / or functions of any other additional or alternative types of STAs.

[0084] In other aspects, device 102, device 140 and / or device 160 may include, operate as, perform a role and / or perform one or more functions of any other wireless device and / or station (e.g., WLAN STA, WiFi STA, etc.).

[0085] In some illustrative aspects, device 102, device 140 and / or device 160 may be configured to operate as, perform a role of, and / or perform one or more functions of, an access point (AP) (e.g., a high throughput (HT) AP STA, a high efficiency (HE) AP STA, an EHT AP STA, and / or a UHR AP STA).

[0086] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to operate as, perform a role of, and / or perform one or more functions of, a non-AP STA (e.g., a HT non-AP STA, a HE non-AP STA, an EHT non-AP STA, and / or a UHR non-AP STA).

[0087] In other aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may operate as, perform roles, and / or perform one or more functions of any other additional or alternative devices and / or stations.

[0088] In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is a single addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) interface to a wireless medium (WM). A STA may perform any other additional or alternative functions.

[0089] In one example, an AP may include an entity that includes a station (STA) and provides access to assigned services to associated STAs via a wireless medium (WM). The AP may include a STA and a distributed system access function (DSAF). The AP may perform any other additional or alternative functions.

[0090] In some demonstrative aspects, devices 102, 140, and / or 160 may be configured to communicate in a HT network, a HE network, an EHT network, a UHR network, and / or any other network.

[0091] In some illustrative aspects, devices 102, 140 and / or 160 may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more specifications (e.g., including one or more IEEE 802.11 specifications, such as the IEEE 802.11-2020 specification, the IEEE 802.11ax specification, the IEEE 802.11be specification, and / or any other specifications and / or protocols).

[0092] In some illustrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may include, operate as, perform roles, and / or perform functions of one or more AP STAs and / or one or more non-AP STAs. In one example, device 102 may include, operate as, perform roles, and / or perform functions of at least one AP STA, and / or device 140 may include, operate as, perform roles, and / or perform functions of at least one non-AP STA.

[0093] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102 may include, operate as, perform a role, and / or perform functions of a first STA (eg, an AP STA or a non-A STA).

[0094] In some demonstrative aspects, device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role, and / or perform functions of a second STA (eg, an AP STA or a non-A STA).

[0095] In some demonstrative aspects, device 160 may include, operate as, perform a role, and / or perform functions of a third STA (eg, an AP STA or a non-A STA).

[0096] In other aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may include, operate as, perform roles, and / or perform functions of any other additional or alternative types of STAs.

[0097] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to transmit one or more PPDUs, for example, in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 specification.

[0098] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to generate, send, receive, and / or process one or more transmissions of a PPDU, e.g., as described below.

[0099] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 102 to send a PPDU, eg, as described below.

[0100] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 140 to process the PPDU, eg, as described below.

[0101] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140 and / or device 160 may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more transmissions of a PPDU according to an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) format, e.g., as described below.

[0102] For example, the A-PSDU format may be configured, for example, according to the IEEE 802.11 specification.

[0103] For example, an A-PSDU format (eg, according to the IEEE 802.11 specification) may be configured, for example, to aggregate multiple PSDUs within a single PPDU.

[0104] In one example, the A-PSDU format (e.g., according to the IEEE 802.11 specification) may include an HT signal (HT-SIG) field before the PSDU of the PPDU (e.g., before each PSDU). For example, the HT-SIG field may be configured to define one or more attributes and / or parameters corresponding to the PSDU following the HT-SIG field, such as the data rate, length, name of the PSDU, and / or whether the PSDU following the HT-SIG field is the last PSDU in the A-PSDU.

[0105] In some illustrative aspects, in some use cases, scenarios and / or implementations, one or more technical issues may need to be addressed, for example, when implementing an A-PSDU format that includes an HT-SIG field before each PSDU, such as described below.

[0106] In one example, in some deployments, for example, when the number of WiFi devices within a basic service set (BSS) is relatively small, the A-PSDU format including the HT-SIG field may be good enough to support high throughput. However, the A-PSDU format including the HT-SIG field may not be suitable for some deployments, for example, where the number of Wi-Fi devices within each BSS is relatively high.

[0107] In another example, the A-PSDU format including the HT-SIG field may not be suitable for supporting one or more key performance indicators (KPIs) required by the user, such as in addition to or in lieu of high throughput. For example, high reliability and / or low latency may be important KPIs required by the user (in addition to high throughput).

[0108] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102 , device 140 , and / or device 160 may be configured to perform one or more operations and / or functions of a data aggregation mechanism, e.g., to support a technical solution for increasing aggregate throughput of Wi-Fi devices, e.g., as described below.

[0109] In some demonstrative aspects, the data aggregation mechanism may be configured to utilize transmit opportunities (TxOPs) and / or frame aggregation, eg, in accordance with the IEEE 802.11 specification, eg, to increase overall throughput.

[0110] In some demonstrative aspects, frame aggregation can cause the data payload of the aggregated frame to become larger. Thus, the aggregated frame can occupy a longer airtime, e.g., to achieve high throughput.

[0111] In one example, frame aggregation may improve throughput and / or may reduce average latency for a pair of STAs that may transmit aggregated frames (eg, long aggregated PPDUs). However, frame aggregation may result in worst-case latency for third-party STAs.

[0112] For example, the third party STA may wait for a long time for the wireless medium to be idle, for example, due to a long talk time occupied by the aggregated frames transmitted between the pair of STAs.

[0113] According to this example, time-sensitive frames (eg, low latency (LL) frames) may experience higher latency, such as when the channel is occupied by long PPDU transmissions.

[0114] For example, one or more PPDU transmission techniques and / or one or more rules may be defined, for example, to support transmission of LL frames, such as described below.

[0115] In one example, a long data PPDU may be divided into multiple PPDUs with a maximum PPDU length limit, such as small PPDUs. For example, one or more time gaps may be inserted between two consecutive PPDUs, such as to achieve a preemptive opportunity for LL frame transmission.

[0116] In another example, one or more rules may be configured to define, for example, which time slots may be preemptible, how to avoid collisions between multiple LL transmitters, and / or how to support preemption (e.g., when the LL transmitter is a hidden node for the data PPDU transmitter).

[0117] For example, one or more techniques may be implemented to support transmission of LL frames, such as described below.

[0118] In one example, interframe space (xIFS) channel access may be defined for LL transmitters, eg, differently than xIFS channel access defined for normal transmitters, eg, to prioritize LL transmissions.

[0119] In another example, a common preemption request frame may be defined to support LL transmissions.

[0120] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to transmit a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, which may be configured to provide a technical solution for supporting communication of multiple data portions in a PPDU, e.g., as described below.

[0121] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to generate, send, receive, and / or process a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0122] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 102 to send a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0123] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 140 to process a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0124] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for supporting reduced overhead, such as described below.

[0125] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for supporting reduced overhead, such as in communications according to a preemption protocol, such as described below.

[0126] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for reducing the overhead cost of preemption protocols, such as described below.

[0127] In some illustrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for integrating the A-PSDU frame format with a preemption protocol, such as to reduce the overhead of the A-PSDU format, such as compared to the overhead of the A-PSDU format including an HT-SIG field between consecutive PSDUs, such as described below.

[0128] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide technical solutions for supporting low latency, supporting deterministic latency, and / or supporting improved reliability of wireless communications, e.g., as described below.

[0129] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for supporting low-latency small packet applications, for example, in wireless networks that are heavily loaded with high-throughput transmissions of other clients.

[0130] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU frame format may be configured to provide a technical solution for improving latency performance for low latency small packet applications, e.g., while minimizing performance impact on high throughput transmissions for other clients, e.g., with low management cost.

[0131] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a preamble of a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0132] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a data payload of a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0133] In some demonstrative aspects, a data payload may include multiple data payload portions, such as described below.

[0134] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU may include a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload portion and a second data payload portion of the plurality of data payload portions, eg, as described below.

[0135] In one example, the PPDU may include a predefined TF between two consecutive data payload portions, such as between each pair of consecutive first and second data payload portions.

[0136] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to transmit a PPDU, e.g., as described below.

[0137] In some demonstrative aspects, device 140 may be configured to receive and process a PPDU (eg, a PPDU transmitted by device 102) according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0138] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 140 to process a preamble of a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0139] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 140 to process a data payload of a PPDU according to a PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0140] In some demonstrative aspects, a data payload may include multiple data payload portions, eg, as described above.

[0141] In some demonstrative aspects, the PPDU may include a predefined TF between a first data payload portion and a second data payload portion of a plurality of data payload portions, eg, as described above.

[0142] refer to Figure 2, which schematically illustrates a PPDU frame format 200 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0143] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more PPDUs having the structure and / or frame format of PPDU 200.

[0144] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit the PPDU 200, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0145] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, PPDU 200 may include a UHR PPDU, such as described below.

[0146] In other aspects, PPDU 200 may be configured as any other type of PPDU, eg, according to any other suitable PPDU communication scheme and / or mechanism.

[0147] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, PPDU 200 may include a preamble 210 .

[0148] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, PPDU 200 may include a data payload 220 , for example, following a preamble 210 .

[0149] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, data payload 220 may include multiple data payload portions, such as described below.

[0150] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PPDU 200 may include a predefined TF 225 between two consecutive data payload portions, such as described below.

[0151] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PPDU 200 may include a predefined TF 225 between every two consecutive data payload portions, such as described below.

[0152] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2As shown, the PPDU 200 may include a predefined TF 225 preceding each data portion that is not the first sequential data portion, such as described below.

[0153] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PPDU 200 may include a predefined TF 225 between a first data payload portion 224 and a second data payload portion 226 of a plurality of data payload portions, such as described below.

[0154] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PPDU 200 may include a predefined TF 225 preceding each non-first sequential data payload portion in the plurality of data payload portions, such as described below.

[0155] In one example, if Figure 2 As shown, TF 225 may precede data payload portion 224 , data payload portion 226 , and / or data payload portion 228 .

[0156] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, PPDU 200 may include a first sequential data payload portion, such as data payload portion 224, followed by one or more non-first sequential data payload portions, such as described below.

[0157] For example, data payload portion 224 may be followed by data payload portions 226 and / or 228 .

[0158] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the PPDU 200 may include one or more predefined TFs 225 respectively preceding one or more non-first sequence data payload portions, such as described below.

[0159] For example, TF 225 may precede data payload portion 226 and / or data payload portion 228 .

[0160] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the preamble 210 may include a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF) 212, such as described below.

[0161] In some demonstrative aspects, predefined TF 225 may be different from L-STF 212, eg, as described below.

[0162] In some demonstrative aspects, predefined TF 225 may be configured differently than L-STF 212, eg, to provide a technical solution for distinguishing predefined TF 225 from legacy preambles, eg, as described below.

[0163] In some demonstrative aspects, predefined TF 225 may include a UHR TF, eg, as described below.

[0164] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the predefined TF 225 may include a UHR short TF 242 (UHR-STF), such as described below.

[0165] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the predefined TF 225 may include a UHR long TF (UHR-LTF) 244, such as after or in place of the UHR-STF 242, such as described below.

[0166] In other aspects, the predefined TF 225 may include any other additional or alternative types of training fields.

[0167] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the preamble 210 may include a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 followed by a plurality of UHR modulation fields 206, such as described below.

[0168] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include an L-STF 212, such as described below.

[0169] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include, for example, a non-HT long training field (L-LTF) 214 following an L-STF 212, such as described below.

[0170] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include, for example, a non-HT signal (L-SIG) field 216 following an L-LTF 214, such as described below.

[0171] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include, for example, a repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG) field 218 following an L-SIG field 216, such as described below.

[0172] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include, for example, a universal SIG (U-SIG) field 219 following an RL-SIG field 218, such as described below.

[0173] In some demonstrative aspects, U-SIG field 219 may include a frame format indication field, eg, to indicate a PPDU frame format of PPDU 200 , eg, as described below.

[0174] In one example, the U-SIG field 219 may include two or four OFDM symbols. For example, the operating range may be extended, such as when the U-SIG field 219 includes four OFDM symbols.

[0175] In other aspects, the U-SIG field 219 may be configured to include any other count of OFDM symbols.

[0176] In other aspects, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 204 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0177] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 206 may include a UHR signal (UHR-SIG) field 232, such as described below.

[0178] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 206 may include, for example, a UHR short training field (UHR-STF) 234 following a UHR-SIG field 232, such as described below.

[0179] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 2 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 206 may include, for example, a UHR long training field (UHR-LTF) 236 following a UHR-STF 234, such as described below.

[0180] In other aspects, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 206 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0181] In some demonstrative aspects, PPDU 200 may be configured, for example, such that all multiple data payload portions are for the same STA, e.g., as described below.

[0182] In some demonstrative aspects, PPDU 200 may be configured, for example, such that multiple data payload portions are intended for multiple STAs, eg, as described below.

[0183] In some demonstrative aspects, PPDU 200 may include one or more first STA data payload portions for a first STA and one or more second STA data payload portions for a second STA (eg, after the one or more first STAs), e.g., as described below.

[0184] In some demonstrative aspects, PPDU 200 may include another preamble, such as a full preamble, between the one or more first STA data payload portions and the one or more second STA data payload portions, such as described below.

[0185] In one example, the PPDU 200 may be configured to include a complete preamble, e.g., including some or all fields of the preamble 210, e.g., before a data payload portion of the second STA. For example, the PPDU 200 may be configured to include a preamble of the second STA, e.g., before a first sequential data payload portion of the second STA, e.g., as described below.

[0186] In some demonstrative aspects, PPDU 200 may include a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between predefined TFs 225 prior to first data payload portion 224 and second data payload portion 226, e.g., as described below.

[0187] In one example, PPDU 200 may include a SIFS or PIFS between two consecutive data payload portions (eg, between each pair of consecutive data payload portions).

[0188] In other aspects, the PPDU 200 may include any other predefined duration between the first data payload portion 224 and the predefined TF 225 before the second data payload portion 226 .

[0189] Return to reference Figure 1 In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to transmit a PPDU including an A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0190] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to generate, send, receive, and / or process A-PSDUs according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0191] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 102 to send an A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0192] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 140 to process the A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0193] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a preamble of an A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0194] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a data payload of an A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0195] In some demonstrative aspects, the preamble of the A-PSDU may include a frame format indication field configured to indicate that the PPDU is configured according to an A-PSDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0196] In some demonstrative aspects, a data payload of an A-PSDU may include multiple data payload portions, eg, as described below.

[0197] In some demonstrative aspects, multiple data payload portions of an A-PSDU may include multiple PSDUs, e.g., as described below.

[0198] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include a predefined TF between a first PSDU and a second PSDU in the plurality of PSDUs, eg, as described below.

[0199] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include a predefined TF between every two consecutive data payload portions, e.g., as described below.

[0200] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include a predefined TF preceding each data portion that is not the first sequential data portion, e.g., as described below.

[0201] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include a PSDU header between a first PSDU and a second PSDU in the plurality of PSDUs, eg, as described below.

[0202] In some demonstrative aspects, an A-PSDU may include a PSDU header between every two consecutive data payload portions, e.g., as described below.

[0203] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include a PSDU header preceding each data portion that is not the first sequential data portion, e.g., as described below.

[0204] In one example, a PSDU header may precede each non-first PSDU in the plurality of PSDUs.

[0205] In another example, a PSDU header may precede each non-first PSDU in multiple PSDUs to the same receiver or same group of receivers.

[0206] In some demonstrative aspects, the PSDU header may include a predefined TF, eg, as described below.

[0207] In some demonstrative aspects, a TF may be configured differently than a traditional STF (eg, an L-STF), for example, to provide a technical solution for distinguishing a TF from a traditional STF.

[0208] In some demonstrative aspects, the predefined TF may include an STF, eg, as described below.

[0209] In some demonstrative aspects, the PSDU header may include, for example, an LTF following an STF, such as described below.

[0210] In some demonstrative aspects, the PSDU header may include a SIG field, e.g., following a predefined TF, e.g., as described below.

[0211] In some demonstrative aspects, the SIG field may include one or more fields to indicate one or more attributes, parameters, and / or settings corresponding to the second PSDU, e.g., as described below.

[0212] In some demonstrative aspects, a SIG field in a PSDU header corresponding to a PSDU may include one or more fields to indicate one or more attributes, parameters, and / or settings corresponding to a subsequent PSDU, e.g., as described below.

[0213] In some demonstrative aspects, the SIG field may include a length field to indicate a length of the second PSDU, eg, as described below.

[0214] In one example, a length field in a PSDU header corresponding to a PSDU may indicate the length of a subsequent PSDU, e.g., as described below.

[0215] In some demonstrative aspects, the SIG field may include a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field to indicate the MCS of the second PSDU, e.g., as described below.

[0216] In some demonstrative aspects, the SIG field may include a last PSDU indication field, eg, to indicate whether a second PSDU (eg, a subsequent PPDU) is a last PSDU in an A-PSDU, eg, as described below.

[0217] In some demonstrative aspects, the SIG field may include a light SIG (Li-SIG) field, eg, as described below.

[0218] In some demonstrative aspects, the Li-SIG field may be shorter than the SIG field in the preamble of the PPDU, e.g., as described below.

[0219] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may be configured such that all PSDUs in the A-PSDU are for the same STA, e.g., as described below.

[0220] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may be configured such that multiple PSDUs in the A-PSDU are for multiple STAs, e.g., as described below.

[0221] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include one or more first STA PSDUs of the first STA and one or more second STA PSDUs of the second STA (e.g., after the one or more first STA PSDUs), e.g., as described below.

[0222] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU may include another preamble (eg, a full preamble) between one or more first STA PSDUs and one or more second STA PSDUs, e.g., as described below.

[0223] For example, the A-PSDU may be configured to include a complete preamble, such as including some or all fields of the preamble at the beginning of the A-PSDU (e.g., before the PSDU of the second STA). For example, the A-PSDU may be configured to include a preamble of the second STA, such as before the first sequential PSDU of the second STA, such as described below.

[0224] In some demonstrative aspects, the A-PSDU frame format may include a SIFS or a PIFS between PSDU headers preceding a first PSDU and a second PSDU, e.g., as described below.

[0225] In one example, the A-PSDU frame format may include a SIFS or a PIFS between two consecutive PSDUs (eg, between each pair of consecutive PSDUs).

[0226] In other aspects, the A-PSDU frame format may include any other predefined duration between the PSDU headers preceding the first PSDU and the second PSDU.

[0227] refer to Figure 3 , which schematically illustrates an A-PSDU frame format 300, according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0228] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more A-PSDUs having the structure and / or format of A-PSDU 300.

[0229] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit the A-PSDU 300, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0230] In some illustrative aspects, PPDU 200 ( Figure 2 ) may be configured to include one or more fields of the A-PSDU 300.

[0231] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, A-PSDU 300 may include a UHR A-PSDU.

[0232] In other aspects, A-PSDU 300 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0233] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the A-PSDU 300 may include a preamble 310 .

[0234] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the A-PSDU 300 may include a data payload 320 .

[0235] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, data payload 320 may include multiple PSDUs.

[0236] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the A-PSDU 300 may include, for example, a PSDU header 325 between a first PSDU 324 and a second PSDU 326 among the plurality of PSDUs.

[0237] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the preamble 310 may include a complete PHY preamble 310, which may be inserted before a first sequential PSDU (eg, the first PSDU 324).

[0238] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the preamble 310 may include a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 followed by a plurality of UHR modulation fields 306, such as described below.

[0239] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include an L-STF 312 .

[0240] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include, for example, an L-LTF 314 following an STF 312 .

[0241] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include, for example, an L-SIG field 316 following an L-LTF 314 .

[0242] In some demonstrative aspects, the length field in L-SIG field 316 may be configured to indicate the length to the end of A-PSDU 300, such as a network allocation vector (NAV) setting for legacy devices.

[0243] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include, for example, an RL-SIG field 318 following an L-SIG field 316 .

[0244] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include, for example, a U-SIG field 319 following a RL-SIG field 318 .

[0245] In some demonstrative aspects, U-SIG field 319 may include a frame format indication field, e.g., to indicate A-PSDU frame format 300, e.g., as described below.

[0246] For example, the U-SIG field 319 may be configured to indicate whether the A-PSDU frame format is used.

[0247] In other aspects, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 304 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0248] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 306 may include a UHR-SIG field 332 .

[0249] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 306 may include, for example, a UHR-STF 334 following a UHR-SIG field 332 .

[0250] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 306 may include, for example, a UHR-LTF 336 following a UHR-STF 334 .

[0251] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-SIG field 332 may be configured to indicate one or more attributes, parameters, and / or settings corresponding to data payload 320 , eg, as described below.

[0252] In some illustrative aspects, UHR-SIG field 332 may be configured to indicate the data rate of A-PSDU 300, the length of a subsequent PSDU (e.g., PSDU 324), the association ID (AID) of the receiver of A-PSDU 300, the number of UHR-LTFs 326, the guard interval (GI) size, the LTF size, an indication of whether beamforming is used in a subsequent PSDU, and / or any other suitable additional or alternative information.

[0253] In other aspects, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 306 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0254] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, PSDU header 325 may include a UHR PSDU header, such as described below.

[0255] In other aspects, the PSDU header 325 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0256] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the PSDU header 325 may include a UHR-STF 342 .

[0257] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the PSDU header 325 may include, for example, a UHR-LTF 344 following a UHR-STF 342 .

[0258] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, the PSDU header 325 may include, for example, a Li-SIG field 346 following the UHR-LTF 344 .

[0259] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 342 may be configured to indicate the start of a new PSDU (eg, PSDU 326), for example, to the same receiver.

[0260] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 342 and / or UHR-LTF 344 may be used by a third party device that is not a receiver of the current PSDU, eg, to decode Li-SIG field 346 to, for example, obtain length information of a subsequent PSDU.

[0261] For example, the third party device may utilize the length information of the subsequent PSDU, for example, to enter a sleep mode, for example, until the subsequent PSDU ends.

[0262] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-LTF 344 may be different from UHR-LTF 336 in UHR modulation field 306 .

[0263] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 342 and / or UHR-LTF 344 may optionally be excluded from PSDU header 325, such as in implementations where third-party equipment is able to decode Li-SIG field 346, such as with an oscillator turned on.

[0264] In some demonstrative aspects, Li-SIG field 346 may be shorter than the SIG field (eg, U-SIG 319 ) in preamble 310 .

[0265] In some demonstrative aspects, Li-SIG field 346 may include MCS information for a transmitter of A-PSDU 300, eg, to enable a receiver of A-PSDU 300 to adjust one or more MCS settings, eg, if necessary.

[0266] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 3 As shown, multiple PSDUs of the A-PSDU 300 may be used for the same STA (eg, "STA1") or for the same STA group, and / or multiple PSDUs of the A-PSDU 300 may be transmitted using the same transmission parameters.

[0267] In other aspects, the A-PSDU frame format may be configured to support PSDUs for multiple STAs and / or multiple STA groups and / or PSDUs to be sent with different transmission parameters, e.g., as described below.

[0268] In some illustrative aspects, the A-PSDU frame format may be configured to include one or more first STA PSDUs of a first STA or a first STA group, and one or more second STA PSDUs of a second STA or a second STA group (e.g., after the one or more first STA PSDUs), such as described below.

[0269] refer to Figure 4 , which schematically illustrates an A-PSDU frame format 400 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0270] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more A-PSDUs having the structure and / or frame format of A-PSDU 400.

[0271] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit the A-PSDU 400, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0272] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more fields of A-PSDU 400 may include A-PSDU 300 ( Figure 3 )

[0273] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4 As shown, A-PSDU 400 may include a UHR A-PSDU.

[0274] In other aspects, A-PSDU 400 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0275] In one example, a STA (eg, a STA provided by device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented STA) can use A-PSDU 400, for example, to send a PSDU to two or more STAs or to two or more STA groups.

[0276] In another example, for example, when the STA is to change one or more transmission parameters (e.g., the number of spatial streams, etc.) between transmissions of the PSDU to the same device or the same group of devices, the STA (e.g., the device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented by STA) can utilize A-PSDU 400.

[0277] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first preamble 412 of one or more first STA PSDUs 414 may be included as part of the first preamble 412 of the A-PSDU 400 .

[0278] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4 As shown, the first preamble 412 may precede one or more first STA PSDUs 414 of the first STA.

[0279] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4As shown, the A-PSDU 400 may include one or more second STA PSDUs 424 of the second STA and a second preamble 422 of the one or more second STA PSDUs 424 .

[0280] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4 As shown, the second preamble 422 may be between one or more first STA PSDUs 414 and one or more second STA PSDUs 424 .

[0281] In some demonstrative aspects, second preamble 422 may include a complete preamble, eg, including all fields of preamble 412 .

[0282] In some illustrative aspects, a UHR-STF that may be in a PSDU header (e.g., UHR-STF 442) or, for example, an L-STF that may be in a preamble (e.g., preamble 422) (e.g., following a first PSDU) may be used to identify whether subsequent PSDUs are for the same device or the same group of devices with the same (e.g., significantly the same or not much changed) transmission parameters.

[0283] In some demonstrative aspects, for example, upon detecting a UHR-STF following a current PSDU, a receiver of the current PSDU may read and interpret the UHR-STF to identify that the transmitter is about to send a next PSDU to the receiver.

[0284] In some demonstrative aspects, such as when beamforming is used, a receiver of a current PSDU may need to save channel state information (CSI), such as based on a UHR-LTF within a full preamble.

[0285] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 4 As shown, the transmitter of A-PSDU 400 may add a complete preamble (e.g., preamble 422) before a subsequent PSDU, for example, when the transmitter of A-PSDU 400 is about to send a PSDU to another device or another group of devices, or when the transmitter is about to change one or more transmission parameters (such as the number of spatial streams, etc.), for example, to the same device or to the same group of devices.

[0286] In some demonstrative aspects, the transmitter may add another full preamble, such as when the same situation occurs on another device or another group of devices.

[0287] In some demonstrative aspects, A-PSDU frame format 300 ( Figure 3 ) and / or A-PSDU frame format 400 may be extended, for example, to provide a technical solution for supporting a predefined time gap (eg, SIFS or PIFS) between two consecutive PSDUs, for example, as described below.

[0288] refer to Figure 5 , which schematically illustrates an A-PSDU frame format 500 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0289] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more A-PSDUs having the structure and / or frame format of A-PSDU 500.

[0290] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit the A-PSDU 500, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0291] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more fields of A-PSDU 500 may include A-PSDU 300 ( Figure 3 ) and / or A-PSDU 400( Figure 4 )

[0292] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 5 As shown, A-PSDU 500 may include a UHR A-PSDU.

[0293] In other aspects, A-PSDU 500 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0294] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 5 As shown, the A-PSDU frame format 500 may include a SIFS 530 between two consecutive PSDUs.

[0295] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 5 As shown, the A-PSDU frame format 500 may include a SIFS 530 between every two consecutive PSDUs.

[0296] In other aspects, the A-PSDU frame format 500 may include a SIFS 530 between only some PSDUs.

[0297] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 5As shown, the A-PSDU frame format 500 may include a SIFS 530 between a PSDU header 525 preceding a first PSDU 524 and a second PSDU 526 .

[0298] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 5 As shown, the A-PSDU frame format 500 can extend the A-PSDU frame format 300 ( Figure 3 ) and / or A-PSDU frame format 400 ( Figure 4 ), for example, to add a fixed time gap (e.g., SIFS 530 or PIFS), such as a fixed time gap between two consecutive PSDUs, such as a fixed time gap between PSDU 524 and a PSDU header 525 before PSDU 526.

[0299] In some demonstrative aspects, A-PSDU frame format 500 may be configured to include fixed time gaps between PSDUs, for example, to provide a technical solution for preemption in support of low-latency applications.

[0300] In some demonstrative aspects, a transmitter of A-PSDU 500 may check during a fixed time gap (eg, SIFS 530) whether another device has sent a signal to preempt the channel, eg, for low-latency transmission.

[0301] Return to reference Figure 1 In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to transmit a PPDU including a fragmented PPDU according to a fragmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0302] In some demonstrative aspects, device 102, device 140, and / or device 160 may be configured to generate, send, receive, and / or process a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0303] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 102 to send a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0304] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 154 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct device 140 to process a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0305] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a preamble of a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0306] In some demonstrative aspects, controller 124 may be configured to control, trigger, cause, and / or instruct a STA implemented by device 102 to generate a data payload of a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0307] In some demonstrative aspects, a data payload of a segmented PPDU may include multiple data payload portions, eg, as described below.

[0308] In some demonstrative aspects, multiple data payload portions of a segmented PPDU may include multiple PPDU segments, e.g., as described below.

[0309] In some demonstrative aspects, a segmented PPDU may include a predefined TF between a first PPDU segment and a second PPDU segment of a plurality of PPDU segments, eg, as described below.

[0310] For example, the predefined TF may be inserted between two consecutive PPDU segments, eg, between every two consecutive PPDU segments.

[0311] In some demonstrative aspects, the predefined TF may include an STF or an LTF, eg, as described below.

[0312] In one example, the STF of the predefined TF may be different from a legacy STF (eg, L-STF) to distinguish the predefined TF from a normal legacy preamble.

[0313] In some demonstrative aspects, a preamble of a segmented PPDU may include a frame format indication field configured to indicate that the PPDU is configured according to a segmented PPDU frame format, e.g., as described below.

[0314] In some demonstrative aspects, the preamble of a segmented PPDU may include a duration field to indicate the length of a fixed segment duration of the segmented PPDU, eg, as described below.

[0315] In some demonstrative aspects, a segmented PPDU frame format may include fixed segment durations for a plurality of PPDU portions corresponding to a plurality of PPDU segments, e.g., as described below.

[0316] In some demonstrative aspects, the duration of a first sequential PPDU portion of a segmented PPDU may be equal to the duration of a non-first sequential PPDU portion of the segmented PPDU, eg, as described below.

[0317] In some demonstrative aspects, the first sequential PPDU portion may include a preamble of a segmented PPDU and a first sequential PPDU segment of the plurality of PPDU segments, e.g., as described below.

[0318] In some demonstrative aspects, the non-first sequence PPDU portion may include a predefined TF and a non-first sequence PPDU segment of the plurality of PPDU segments, e.g., as described below.

[0319] In some demonstrative aspects, a segmented PPDU may include one or more first STA PPDU segments for a first STA and one or more second STA PPDU segments for a second STA (eg, following the one or more first STA PPDU segments), e.g., as described below.

[0320] In some demonstrative aspects, a fragmented PPDU may include another preamble (eg, a full preamble) between one or more first STA PPDU segments and one or more second STA PPDU segments, e.g., as described below.

[0321] In some demonstrative aspects, the segmented PPDU frame format may include a SIFS or PIFS between predefined TFs before a first PPDU frame segment and a second PPDU segment, e.g., as described below.

[0322] In one example, the segmented PPDU frame format may include a SIFS or a PIFS, such as between two consecutive PPDU frame segments, such as between every two consecutive PPDU segments, such as described below.

[0323] refer to Figure 6 , which schematically illustrates a segmented PPDU format 600 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0324] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more segmented PPDUs having the structure and / or frame format of the segmented PPDU 600.

[0325] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit a segmented PPDU 600, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0326] In some illustrative aspects, PPDU 200 ( Figure 2 ) may include one or more fields of the segmented PPDU 600.

[0327] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the fragmented PPDU 600 may include a UHR fragmented PPDU.

[0328] In other aspects, segmented PPDU 600 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0329] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may include a preamble 610 .

[0330] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the preamble 610 may include a full PHY preamble.

[0331] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the preamble 610 may include a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604, which may be followed by, for example, a plurality of UHR modulation fields 606, such as described below.

[0332] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may include a data payload 620 , for example, following a preamble 610 .

[0333] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the data payload 620 may include multiple PPDU segments.

[0334] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may include a predefined TF 625 between a first PPDU segment 624 and a second PPDU segment 626 among the plurality of PPDU segments.

[0335] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may include, for example, a predefined TF 625 between every two consecutive PPDU segments, for example, for the same STA or STA group and / or the same transmission parameter settings.

[0336] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, TF 625 may include a UHR-STF.

[0337] In other aspects, TF 625 may include any other STF, such as according to any other PHY version and / or technology.

[0338] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may include a fixed segment duration, denoted as T, corresponding to a plurality of PPDU portions of the plurality of PPDU segments.

[0339] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the duration (eg, duration T) of the first sequential PPDU portion 633 of the segmented PPDU 600 may be equal to the duration (eg, duration T) of the non-first sequential PPDU portion 635 of the segmented PPDU 600 .

[0340] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the first sequential PPDU portion 633 may include the preamble 610 of the PPDU and a first sequential PPDU segment (eg, PPDU segment 624) among the plurality of PPDU segments.

[0341] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the non-first sequence PPDU portion 635 may include the predefined TF 625 and a non-first sequence PPDU segment of the plurality of PPDU segments (eg, the PPDU segment 626).

[0342] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may be divided into multiple PPDU segments, for example, where the TF 625 is inserted at the beginning of a PPDU segment (eg, each PPDU segment within the segmented PPDU 600), for example, to implement mobility according to the IEEE 802.11ax standard.

[0343] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU 600 may be divided into a plurality of PPDU segments, for example, wherein the UHR-STF 625 is inserted at the beginning of a PPDU segment (eg, each PPDU fragment within the segmented PPDU 600).

[0344] In some demonstrative aspects, a segmented PPDU 600 may be divided into multiple PPDU segments 600 with a UHR-LTF (eg, HE-LTF or any other LTF) at the beginning of a PPDU segment (eg, each PPDU segment within the segmented PPDU).

[0345] In some demonstrative aspects, each PPDU portion (eg, except for the last PPDU portion) may have the same duration T.

[0346] In some demonstrative aspects, last PPDU portion 656 may have a duration that may be the same as duration T or shorter than the previous duration T.

[0347] In some demonstrative aspects, the duration T of the PPDU portion may be preconfigured or defined in a specification and / or standard.

[0348] In some demonstrative aspects, the duration T of the PPDU portion may be indicated in segmented PPDU 600, e.g., as described below.

[0349] In one example, the duration T of the PPDU portion can be indicated, for example, in the preamble 610 , for example, in the UHR modulation field 606 .

[0350] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the duration of the first PPDU segment 624 may be shorter than the duration of the second PPDU segment 626 , for example, because the first PPDU portion 633 may include the pre-UHR modulation field 604 .

[0351] In some demonstrative aspects, each PPDU segment may have the same number of data OFDM symbols, eg, except for the last PPDU segment.

[0352] In some illustrative aspects, for example, each PPDU fragment, except for the last PPDU segment, may have the same duration T to provide a technical solution for supporting reduced complexity.

[0353] In some demonstrative aspects, the last PPDU segment may have a duration that may be the same as duration T or shorter than the previous duration T.

[0354] In some demonstrative aspects, the duration of first PPDU portion 633 may be longer than the duration of second PPDU portion 635 , eg, because first PPDU portion 633 may include pre-UHR modulation field 604 .

[0355] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, a preamble 610 (eg, a full PHY preamble) may be inserted before a first sequential PPDU segment 624 , eg, at the beginning of the segmented PPDU 600 .

[0356] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include an L-STF 612 .

[0357] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include, for example, an L-LTF 614 following an L-STF 612 .

[0358] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include, for example, an L-SIG field 616 following an L-LTF 614 .

[0359] In some demonstrative aspects, the length field in L-SIG field 616 may be configured to indicate the length to the end of segmented PPDU 600, eg, to enable legacy devices to maintain transmissions, eg, by setting a NAV.

[0360] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include, for example, an RL-SIG field 618 following an L-SIG field 616 .

[0361] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include, for example, a U-SIG field 619 following a RL-SIG field 618 .

[0362] In other aspects, the plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields 604 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0363] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 606 may include a UHR-SIG field 632 .

[0364] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 606 may include, for example, a UHR-STF 634 following a UHR-SIG field 632 .

[0365] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 606 may include, for example, a UHR-LTF 636 following a UHR-STF 634 .

[0366] In other aspects, the plurality of UHR modulation fields 606 may include any other additional and / or alternative fields.

[0367] In some demonstrative aspects, U-SIG field 619 and / or UHR-SIG field 632 may include an indication, eg, using one bit or field, to indicate whether a segmented PPDU frame format is used.

[0368] In some demonstrative aspects, U-SIG field 619 and / or UHR-SIG field 632 may include a length indication, eg, using one or more bits or fields, eg, to indicate the length of each PPDU segment (eg, segment duration T).

[0369] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-SIG field 632 may include one or more subfields that may be configured to, for example, indicate a data rate of a receiver of segmented PPDU 600, an AID or STAID, and / or one or more parameters of UHR-LTF 626, such as a GI size and / or an LTF size.

[0370] In some demonstrative aspects, the UHR-STF (e.g., UHR-STF 625) preceding each PPDU segment may be configured to indicate the start of a PPDU fragment. For example, the UHR-STF may include an indication of segmentation and / or length information for subsequent PPDU segments (e.g., each PPDU segment).

[0371] In some illustrative aspects, the UHR-STF may be configured to provide a technical solution for enabling a third-party device that is not the intended receiver of the current PPDU segment to enter a sleep mode, such as until the start of the next PPDU segment or the end of the current PPDU segment.

[0372] In some illustrative aspects, if the third party device detects another UHR-STF after the third party device wakes up, the third party device may be allowed to return to sleep mode, eg, until the start of the next PPDU segment or the end of the current PPDU segment.

[0373] In some demonstrative aspects, where the third-party device detects an L-STF (eg, L-STF 612), the third-party device may continue to detect, eg, to check whether a following PPDU segment is intended for the third-party device.

[0374] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 634 within UHR modulation field 606 may be different from UHR-STF 625 prior to PPDU segmentation.

[0375] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 625 may be configured differently than UHR-STF 636 , eg, to provide a technical solution for enabling a receiver to distinguish between UHR-STF 625 and UHR-STF 636 .

[0376] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 625 preceding PPDU segmentation may be configured differently than L-STF 612 within pre-UHR modulation field 604 .

[0377] In some demonstrative aspects, UHR-STF 625 may be configured differently than L-STF 612 , eg, to provide a technical solution for enabling a receiver to distinguish between different STFs (eg, UHR-STF 625 and L-STF 612 ).

[0378] In one example, the period of UHR-STF 625 may be different from the period of L-STF 612. For example, L-STF 612 may have a period of 0.8 microseconds (us), and UHR-STF 625 may have a period of 0.6 microseconds (us) or any other period different from 0.8us.

[0379] In some demonstrative aspects, the TF 625 preceding the second PPDU segment 626 and the later PPDU segment may be configured to include a TF that is not a short training field signal.

[0380] In some demonstrative aspects, TF 625 may include a signal other than the L-STF, such as instead of a short training field signal.

[0381] For example, TF 625 may include an LTF signal, eg, instead of a short training field signal.

[0382] In some demonstrative aspects, for example, a long training field symbol sequence (eg, a midamble and / or a UHR-LTF) may be used instead of a UHR-STF.

[0383] In some demonstrative aspects, a long training field signal (e.g., UHR-LTF and / or midamble) may follow UHR-STF 625, e.g., for second PPDU fragment 624 and later PPDU fragments. For example, the long training field signal may be configured to provide a technical solution to enhance channel estimation for demodulating PPDU fragments.

[0384] In some demonstrative aspects, segmented PPDU format 600 may be configured to provide a technical solution for reducing overhead and / or reducing complexity of an A-PSDU according to an A-PSDU frame format that includes a PSDU header prior to the PSDU.

[0385] In one example, a receiver of an A-PSDU may need to decode the PSDU header, for example, to demodulate a subsequent PSDU and / or to understand a sleep time.

[0386] Therefore, the PSDU header in the A-PSDU may be sent at a low data rate (eg, single stream MCS0, etc.) in order to allow the intended receiver and third party receivers to receive the PSDU header.

[0387] For example, in case the receiver misses one PSDU header of a specific PSDU in the A-PSDU, the receiver may not know when the PSDU ends, and thus the receiver may have to search for the start of the next PSDU.

[0388] For example, these issues may increase the overhead and / or complexity of implementing the A-PSDU.

[0389] In some demonstrative aspects, segmented PPDU format 600 may be configured to provide a technical solution for reducing the overhead and / or complexity of the A-PSDU frame format, for example, by removing a PSDU header.

[0390] For example, Figure 6 As shown, the segmented PPDU format 600 may not include a PSDU header, and a shorter TF 625 may be used, for example, in place of a PSDU header.

[0391] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 6 As shown, multiple PPDU segments of the segmented PPDU frame format 600 may be used for the same STA (eg, “STA1”) or for the same STA group, and / or multiple PPDU segments of the segmented PPDU 600 may be transmitted with the same transmission parameters.

[0392] In other aspects, the segmented PPDU frame format may be configured to support PPDU fragments for multiple STAs and / or multiple STA groups and / or PPDU segments to be transmitted with different transmission parameters, e.g., as described below.

[0393] In some illustrative aspects, the segmented PPDU frame format may be configured to include one or more first STA PPDU segments of one or more first STAs, and one or more second STA PPDU segments of one or more second STAs (e.g., after the one or more first STA PPDU segments), such as described below.

[0394] In some illustrative aspects, when the transmitter of the current PPDU segment is about to send one or more subsequent PPDU segments to another device or another group of devices, or if the transmitter is about to change transmission parameters to the same device or the same group of devices, the transmitter of the current PPDU segment may add a full preamble device before one or more subsequent PPDU segments, such as described below.

[0395] refer to Figure 7 , which schematically illustrates a segmented PPDU frame format 700 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0396] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more segmented PPDUs having the structure and / or format of the segmented PPDU 700.

[0397] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit a segmented PPDU 700, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0398] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more fields of segmented PPDU 700 may include segmented PPDU 600 ( Figure 6 )

[0399] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 7 As shown, the fragmented PPDU 700 may include a UHR fragmented PPDU.

[0400] In other aspects, segmented PPDU 600 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0401] In one example, a STA (eg, a STA provided by device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented by a STA) may utilize the segmented PPDU frame format 700, for example, to send the segmented PPDU 700 to two or more devices or two or more device groups.

[0402] In another example, for example, when the STA is to change one or more transmission parameters (e.g., the number of spatial streams, etc.) between transmissions of PPDU segments to the same device or the same group of devices, the STA (e.g., the device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented STA) can utilize the segmented PSDU 700.

[0403] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 7 As shown, the first preamble 712 of one or more first STA PPDU segments 714 may be included as part of the first preamble 712 of the segmented PPDU 700 .

[0404] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 7 As shown, the first preamble 712 may be preceded by one or more first STA PPDU fragments 714 of the first STA.

[0405] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 7 As shown, the segmented PPDU 700 may include one or more second STA PPDU segments 724 of a second STA (eg, STA2), and a second preamble 722 of the one or more second STA PPDU segments 724.

[0406] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 7As shown, the second preamble 722 may be between one or more first STA PPDU segments 714 and one or more second STA PPDU segments 724 .

[0407] In some demonstrative aspects, second preamble 722 may include a complete preamble, eg, including all fields of preamble 712 .

[0408] In some demonstrative aspects, preamble 722 may be used to identify whether a subsequent PPDU segment is intended for the same device or for the same group of devices.

[0409] In some demonstrative aspects, for example, when the same situation occurs on another device, another complete preamble may be added before the PPDU fragments of one or more other devices.

[0410] In some demonstrative aspects, segmented PPDU frame format 600 ( Figure 6 ) and / or the segmented PPDU frame format 700 may be extended, for example to provide a technical solution for supporting a predefined time gap (e.g., SIFS or PIFS) between two consecutive PPDU segments 714, for example to support preemption of LL applications, for example as described below.

[0411] In some demonstrative aspects, the segmented PPDU frame format may include a SIFS or a PIFS between a PPDU segment 714 and a subsequent PPDU segment 714, eg, as described below.

[0412] refer to Figure 8 , which schematically illustrates a segmented PPDU frame format 800 according to some demonstrative aspects.

[0413] In one example, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may be configured to generate, send, receive and / or process one or more segmented PPDUs having the structure and / or frame format of the segmented PPDU 800.

[0414] In some illustrative aspects, device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) may transmit a segmented PPDU 800, for example, as a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、140( Figure 1 ) and / or 160( Figure 1 ) as part of the transmission between, for example, as described below.

[0415] In some demonstrative aspects, one or more fields of segmented PPDU 800 may include segmented PPDU 600 ( Figure 6 ) and / or segmented PPDU 700 ( Figure 7 )

[0416] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 8 As shown, the fragmented PPDU 800 may include a UHR fragmented PPDU.

[0417] In other aspects, the segmented PPDU 800 may be configured according to any other suitable PHY version and / or technology.

[0418] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 8 As shown, the segmented PPDU frame format 800 may include a SIFS 830 between two consecutive PPDU segments.

[0419] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 8 As shown, the segmented PPDU frame format 800 may include a SIFS 830 between every two consecutive PPDU segments.

[0420] In other aspects, the segmented PPDU frame format 800 may include a SIFS 830 only between some PPDU segments.

[0421] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 8 As shown, the segmented PPDU frame format 800 may include a SIFS 830 between a TF (eg, UHR-STF 825 ) preceding a first PPDU segment 824 and a second PPDU segment 826 .

[0422] In some illustrative aspects, such as Figure 8 As shown, the segmented PPDU frame format 800 can extend the segmented PPDU frame format 600 ( Figure 6 ) and / or segmented PPDU frame format 700 ( Figure 7 ), for example to add a fixed time gap (e.g., SIFS 830 or PIFS), for example between two consecutive PPDU segments.

[0423] In some demonstrative aspects, segmented PPDU frame format 800 may be configured to include fixed time gaps between PPDU segments, for example, to provide a technical solution for preemption in support of low-latency applications.

[0424] In some demonstrative aspects, a transmitter of segmented PPDU 800 may check during a fixed time gap (eg, SIFS 830) whether another device has sent a signal to preempt the channel, eg, for low-latency transmission.

[0425] In some illustrative aspects, such as when preemption is not allowed between two consecutive PPDU segments, a fixed time gap may not be required.

[0426] refer to Fig. 9 , which schematically illustrates a method of transmitting a PPDU according to some illustrative aspects. For example, Fig. 9 One or more operations of the method may be performed by a system (e.g., system 100 ( Figure 1 )) is performed by one or more elements, such as one or more wireless devices (e.g., device 102 ( Figure 1 )、device 140( Figure 1 ) and / or device 160( Figure 1 )), a controller (e.g., controller 124 ( Figure 1 ) and / or controller 154 ( Figure 1 )), a radio device (e.g., radio device 114 ( Figure 1 ) and / or radio device 144 ( Figure 1 )) and / or a message processor (e.g., message processor 128 ( Figure 1 ) and / or message processor 158 ( Figure 1 )).

[0427] As indicated at block 902, the method may include generating a preamble of the PPDU at the STA according to the PPDU frame format. For example, the controller 124 ( Figure 1 ) may be configured to cause, trigger and / or control the operation of device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented by a STA to generate a preamble code of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, for example, as described above.

[0428] As indicated at block 904, the method may include generating a data payload of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format. For example, the data payload may include a plurality of data payload portions. For example, the PPDU may include a predefined TF between a first data payload portion and a second data payload portion of the plurality of data payload portions. For example, the controller 124( Figure 1 ) may be configured to cause, trigger and / or control the operation of device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented STA to generate the data payload of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, for example, as described above.

[0429] As indicated at block 906, the method may include sending the PPDU. For example, the controller 124 ( Figure 1 ) may be configured to cause, trigger and / or control the operation of device 102 ( Figure 1 ) implemented by a STA to send a PPDU, for example as described above.

[0430] refer to Fig.10, which schematically illustrates a method of transmitting a PPDU according to some illustrative aspects. For example, Fig.10 One or more operations of the method may be performed by a system (e.g., system 100 ( Figure 1 )) is performed by one or more elements, such as one or more wireless devices (e.g., device 102 ( Figure 1 )、device 140( Figure 1 ) and / or device 160( Figure 1 )), a controller (e.g., controller 124 ( Figure 1 ) and / or controller 154 ( Figure 1 )), a radio device (e.g., radio device 114 ( Figure 1 ) and / or radio device 144 ( Figure 1 )) and / or a message processor (e.g., message processor 128 ( Figure 1 ) and / or message processor 158 ( Figure 1 )).

[0431] As indicated at block 1002, the method may include processing, at the STA, a preamble of a received PPDU according to a PPDU frame format. For example, the controller 154 ( Figure 1 ) may be configured to cause, trigger and / or control the operation of device 140 ( Figure 1 ) implements a STA to process the preamble of the received PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, for example, as described above.

[0432] As indicated at block 1004, the method may include processing a data payload of the received PPDU according to a PPDU frame format. For example, the data payload may include a plurality of data payload portions. For example, the PPDU may include a predefined TF between a first data payload portion and a second data payload portion of the plurality of data payload portions. For example, the controller 154( Figure 1 ) may be configured to cause, trigger and / or control the operation of device 140 ( Figure 1 ) implements a STA to process the data payload of the received PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, for example, as described above.

[0433] refer to Fig.11 , which schematically illustrates an article of manufacture 1100 according to some illustrative aspects. Article 1100 may include one or more tangible computer-readable ("machine-readable") non-transitory storage media 1102, which may include computer-executable instructions implemented, for example, by logic 1104, which when executed by at least one computer processor are operable to enable at least one computer processor to perform operations on a device 102 ( Figure 1 )、device 140( Figure 1 )、Device 160( Figure 1 )、Controller 124( Figure 1 )、Controller 154( Figure 1 )、Message processor 128( Figure 1 )、Message processor 158( Figure 1 )、Radio device 114( Figure 1 )、Radio Device 144( Figure 1 )、Transmitter 118( Figure 1 )、Transmitter 148( Figure 1 ), receiver 116 ( Figure 1 ) and / or receiver 146 ( Figure 1 ) to implement one or more operations; causing device 102 ( Figure 1 )、device 140( Figure 1 )、Device 160( Figure 1 )、Controller 124( Figure 1 )、Controller 154( Figure 1 )、Message processor 128( Figure 1 ), message processor 158 ( Figure 1 )、Radio device 114( Figure 1 )、Radio Device 144( Figure 1 )、Transmitter 118( Figure 1 )、Transmitter 148( Figure 1 ), receiver 116 ( Figure 1 ) and / or receiver 146 ( Figure 1 ) execute, trigger and / or implement one or more operations and / or functions; and / or execute, trigger and / or implement reference Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10, and / or one or more operations described herein. The phrases "non-transitory machine-readable medium" and "computer-readable non-transitory storage medium" may be intended to include all machine and / or computer-readable media, with the only exception of transitory propagating signals.

[0434] In some illustrative aspects, product 1100 and / or machine-readable storage medium 1102 may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory, writable or rewritable memory, etc. For example, machine-readable storage medium 1102 may include RAM, DRAM, double data rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM, programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory (e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM), polymer memory, phase change memory, ferroelectric memory, silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, magnetic disk, hard disk, etc. Computer-readable storage media may include any suitable medium involved in downloading or transferring a computer program from a remote computer to a requesting computer via a communication link (e.g., a modem, radio, or network connection), the computer program being carried by a data signal embodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium.

[0435] In some illustrative aspects, logic 1104 may include instructions, data, and / or code that, if executed by a machine, may cause the machine to perform methods, processes, and / or operations as described herein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processing platform, computing platform, computing device, processing device, computing system, processing system, computer, processor, etc., and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware, software, firmware, etc.

[0436] In some illustrative aspects, logic 1104 may include or may be implemented as software, a software module, an application, a program, a subroutine, an instruction, an instruction set, a computing code, a word, a value, a symbol, etc. Instructions may include any suitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code, executable code, static code, dynamic code, etc. Instructions may be implemented according to a predefined computer language, manner, or syntax for instructing a processor to perform a specific function. Instructions may be implemented using any suitable high-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and / or interpreted programming language, machine code, etc.

[0437] Example

[0438] The following examples relate to additional aspects.

[0439] Example 1 includes a device including logic and circuit systems, wherein the logic and circuit systems are configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to perform: generating a preamble code of a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) according to a PPDU frame format; generating a data payload of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, the data payload including multiple data payload parts, wherein the PPDU includes a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload part and a second data payload part of the multiple data payload parts; and sending the PPDU.

[0440] Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) according to an A-PSDU frame format, wherein the multiple data payload portions comprise multiple PSDUs.

[0441] Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU comprises a PSDU header between a first PSDU and a second PSDU in the plurality of PSDUs, wherein the PSDU header comprises the predefined TF.

[0442] Example 4 includes the subject matter of Example 3, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a short training field (STF).

[0443] Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 4, and optionally, wherein the PSDU header comprises a long training field (LTF) following the STF.

[0444] Example 6 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 3-5, and optionally, wherein the PSDU header includes a signal (SIG) field following the predefined TF, wherein the SIG field includes a length field to indicate a length of the second PSDU.

[0445] Example 7 includes the subject matter of Example 6, and optionally, wherein the SIG field includes a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field to indicate an MCS of the second PSDU.

[0446] Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 6 or 7, and optionally, wherein the SIG field includes a last PSDU indication field to indicate whether the second PSDU is a last PSDU in the A-PSDU.

[0447] Example 9 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 6-8, and optionally, wherein the SIG field comprises a light SIG (Li-SIG) field.

[0448] Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 9, and optionally, wherein the Li-SIG field is shorter than a SIG field in the preamble of the PPDU.

[0449] Example 11 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 3-10, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU frame format includes a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the PSDU headers preceding the first PSDU and the second PSDU.

[0450] Example 12 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 2-11, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU includes one or more first STA PSDUs of a first STA, and one or more second STA PSDUs of a second STA following the one or more first STA PSDUs, wherein the A-PSDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA PSDUs and the one or more second STA PSDUs.

[0451] Example 13 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 2-12, and optionally, wherein the preamble comprises a frame format indication field configured to indicate that the PPDU is configured according to the A-PSDU frame format.

[0452] Example 14 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, wherein the multiple data payload portions comprise multiple PPDU segments, and wherein the predefined TF is between a first PPDU segment and a second PPDU segment.

[0453] Example 15 includes the subject matter of Example 14, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU frame format comprises fixed segment durations corresponding to a plurality of PPDU portions of the plurality of PPDU segments.

[0454] Example 16 includes the subject matter of Example 14 or 15, and optionally, wherein the duration of the first sequence PPDU portion of the segmented PPDU is equal to the duration of the non-first sequence PPDU portion of the segmented PPDU, wherein the first sequence PPDU portion includes the preamble of the PPDU and the first sequence PPDU segment of the multiple PPDU segments, and wherein the non-first sequence PPDU portion includes the predefined TF and the non-first sequence PPDU segments of the multiple PPDU segments.

[0455] Example 17 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-16, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a short TF (STF) or a long TF (LTF).

[0456] Example 18 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-17, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU includes one or more first STA PPDU segments of a first STA, and one or more second STA PPDU segments of a second STA following the one or more first STA PPDU segments, wherein the segmented PPDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA PPDU segments and the one or more second STA PPDU segments.

[0457] Example 19 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-18, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU frame format includes: a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the predefined TFs prior to the first PPDU frame segment and the second PPDU segment.

[0458] Example 20 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-19, and optionally, wherein the preamble includes a duration field to indicate a length of a fixed segment duration of the segmented PPDU.

[0459] Example 21 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 14-20, and optionally, wherein the preamble includes a frame format indication field configured to indicate that the PPDU is configured according to the segmented PPDU frame format.

[0460] Example 22 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-21, and optionally, wherein the PPDU includes the predefined TF preceding each non-first sequential data payload portion in the plurality of data payload portions.

[0461] Example 23 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-22, and optionally, wherein the PPDU includes a first sequence data payload portion followed by one or more non-first sequence data payload portions, wherein the PPDU includes one or more predefined TFs respectively preceding the one or more non-first sequence data payload portions.

[0462] Example 24 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-23, and optionally, wherein the preamble comprises a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF), wherein the predefined TF is different from the L-STF.

[0463] Example 25 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-24, and optionally, wherein the PPDU includes one or more first STA data payload portions of a first STA, and one or more second STA data payload portions of a second STA following the one or more first STA data payload portions, wherein the PPDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA data payload portions and the one or more second STA data payload portions.

[0464] Example 26 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-25, and optionally, wherein the PPDU frame format includes: a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the predefined TFs prior to the first data payload portion and the second data payload portion.

[0465] Example 27 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-26, and optionally, wherein the PPDU comprises an ultra-high reliability (UHR) PPDU, wherein the preamble of the PPDU comprises a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields followed by a plurality of UHR modulation fields.

[0466] Example 28 includes the subject matter of Example 27, and optionally, wherein the multiple pre-UHR modulation fields include a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF), a non-HT long training field (L-LTF) following the STF, a non-HT signal (L-SIG) field following the L-LTF, a repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG) field following the L-SIG field, and a universal SIG (U-SIG) field following the RL-SIG field, wherein the multiple UHR modulation fields include a UHR signal (UHR-SIG) field, a UHR short training field (UHR-STF) following the UHR-SIG field, and a UHR long training field (UHR-LTF) following the UHR-STF.

[0467] Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, and optionally, wherein the U-SIG includes a frame format indication field to indicate the PPDU frame format.

[0468] Example 30 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 27-29, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a UHRTF.

[0469] Example 31 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 27-30, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a UHR short TF (UHR-STF) or a UHR long TF (UHR-LTF).

[0470] Example 32 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 1-31, and optionally, a radio for transmitting the PPDU.

[0471] Example 33 includes the subject matter of Example 33, and optionally, includes one or more antennas connected to the radio, and a processor to execute instructions of an operating system of the STA.

[0472] Example 34 includes a device including logic and circuit systems, wherein the logic and circuit systems are configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to perform: processing a preamble of a received physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) according to a PPDU frame format; and processing a data payload of the received PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, the data payload including multiple data payload parts, wherein the PPDU includes a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload part and a second data payload part of the multiple data payload parts.

[0473] Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU comprises an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) according to an A-PSDU frame format, wherein the multiple data payload portions comprise multiple PSDUs.

[0474] Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 35, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU comprises a PSDU header between a first PSDU and a second PSDU in the plurality of PSDUs, wherein the PSDU header comprises the predefined TF.

[0475] Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a short training field (STF).

[0476] Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37, and optionally, wherein the PSDU header comprises a long training field (LTF) following the STF.

[0477] Example 39 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 36-38, and optionally, wherein the PSDU header includes a signal (SIG) field following the predefined TF, wherein the SIG field includes a length field to indicate a length of the second PSDU.

[0478] Example 40 includes the subject matter of Example 39, and optionally, wherein the SIG field includes a modulation and coding scheme (MCS) field to indicate an MCS of the second PSDU.

[0479] Example 41 includes the subject matter of Example 39 or 40, and optionally, wherein the SIG field includes a last PSDU indication field to indicate whether the second PSDU is a last PSDU in the A-PSDU.

[0480] Example 42 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 39-41, and optionally, wherein the SIG field comprises a light SIG (Li-SIG) field.

[0481] Example 43 includes the subject matter of Example 42, and optionally, wherein the Li-SIG field is shorter than a SIG field in the preamble of the received PPDU.

[0482] Example 44 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 36-43, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU frame format includes: a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the PSDU headers preceding the first PSDU and the second PSDU.

[0483] Example 45 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 35-44, and optionally, wherein the A-PSDU includes one or more first STA PSDUs of a first STA, and one or more second STA PSDUs of a second STA following the one or more first STA PSDUs, wherein the A-PSDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA PSDUs and the one or more second STA PSDUs.

[0484] Example 46 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 35-45, and optionally, wherein the preamble comprises a frame format indication field configured to indicate that the received PPDU is configured according to the A-PSDU frame format.

[0485] Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 34, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU comprises a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, wherein the multiple data payload portions comprise multiple PPDU segments, and wherein the predefined TF is between a first PPDU segment and a second PPDU segment.

[0486] Example 48 includes the subject matter of Example 47, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU frame format comprises fixed segment durations corresponding to a plurality of PPDU portions of the plurality of PPDU segments.

[0487] Example 49 includes the subject matter of Example 47 or 48, and optionally, wherein the duration of the first sequence PPDU portion of the segmented PPDU is equal to the duration of the non-first sequence PPDU portion of the segmented PPDU, wherein the first sequence PPDU portion includes the preamble of the PPDU and the first sequence PPDU segment of the multiple PPDU segments, and wherein the non-first sequence PPDU portion includes the predefined TF and the non-first sequence PPDU segments of the multiple PPDU segments.

[0488] Example 50 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 47-49, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a short TF (STF) or a long TF (LTF).

[0489] Example 51 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 47-50, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU includes one or more first STA PPDU segments of a first STA, and one or more second STA PPDU segments of a second STA following the one or more first STA PPDU segments, wherein the segmented PPDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA PPDU segments and the one or more second STA PPDU segments.

[0490] Example 52 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 47-51, and optionally, wherein the segmented PPDU frame format includes: a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the predefined TFs prior to the first PPDU frame segment and the second PPDU segment.

[0491] Example 53 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 47-52, and optionally, wherein the preamble includes a duration field to indicate a length of a fixed segment duration of the segmented PPDU.

[0492] Example 54 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 47-53, and optionally, wherein the preamble includes a frame format indication field, the frame format indication field being configured to indicate that the received PPDU is a frame format indication field configured according to the segmented PPDU frame format.

[0493] Example 55 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-54, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU includes the predefined TF preceding each non-first sequential data payload portion in the plurality of data payload portions.

[0494] Example 56 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-55, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU includes a first sequence data payload portion followed by one or more non-first sequence data payload portions, wherein the received PPDU includes one or more predefined TFs respectively preceding the one or more non-first sequence data payload portions.

[0495] Example 57 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-56, and optionally, wherein the preamble comprises a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF), wherein the predefined TF is different from the L-STF.

[0496] Example 58 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-57, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU includes one or more first STA data payload portions of a first STA, and one or more second STA data payload portions of a second STA following the one or more first STA data payload portions, wherein the received PPDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA data payload portions and the one or more second STA data payload portions.

[0497] Example 59 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-58, and optionally, wherein the PPDU frame format includes: a short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the predefined TFs prior to the first data payload portion and the second data payload portion.

[0498] Example 60 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-59, and optionally, wherein the received PPDU comprises an ultra-high reliability (UHR) PPDU, wherein the preamble of the received PPDU comprises a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields followed by a plurality of UHR modulation fields.

[0499] Example 61 includes the subject matter of Example 60, and optionally, wherein the multiple pre-UHR modulation fields include a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF), a non-HT long training field (L-LTF) following the STF, a non-HT signal (L-SIG) field following the L-LTF, a repeated L-SIG (RL-SIG) field following the L-SIG field, and a universal SIG (U-SIG) field following the RL-SIG field, wherein the multiple UHR modulation fields include a UHR signal (UHR-SIG) field, a UHR short training field (UHR-STF) following the UHR-SIG field, and a UHR long training field (UHR-LTF) following the UHR-STF.

[0500] Example 62 includes the subject matter of Example 61, and optionally, wherein the U-SIG includes a frame format indication field to indicate the PPDU frame format.

[0501] Example 63 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 60-62, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a UHRTF.

[0502] Example 64 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 60-63, and optionally, wherein the predefined TF comprises a UHR short TF (UHR-STF) or a UHR long TF (UHR-LTF).

[0503] Example 65 includes the subject matter of any of Examples 34-64, and optionally, includes a radio for receiving the received PPDU.

[0504] Example 66 includes the subject matter of Example 65, and optionally, includes one or more antennas connected to the radio, and a processor to execute instructions of an operating system of the STA.

[0505] Example 67 includes a wireless communication device, the wireless communication device including the apparatus of any one of Examples 1-66.

[0506] Example 68 includes a mobile device comprising the apparatus of any of Examples 1-66.

[0507] Example 69 includes an apparatus comprising means for performing any of the described operations of any of Examples 1-66.

[0508] Example 70 includes a product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media, wherein the tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media includes instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, are operable to cause the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication device to perform any of the operations described in any of Examples 1-66.

[0509] Example 71 includes an apparatus comprising: a memory interface; and a processing circuit system, the processing circuit system configured to: perform any of the operations described in any of Examples 1-66.

[0510] Example 72 includes a method comprising any of the operations described in any of Examples 1-66.

[0511] The functions, operations, components, and / or features described herein with reference to one or more aspects may be combined with or utilized in conjunction with one or more other functions, operations, components, and / or features described herein with reference to one or more aspects, and vice versa.

[0512] While certain features have been shown and described herein, numerous modifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is therefore to be understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes that fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

Claims

1. An apparatus comprising a controller, the controller being configured to cause a wireless communication station (STA): Generate a preamble of a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) according to a PPDU frame format; generating a data payload of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, the data payload comprising a plurality of data payload parts, wherein the PPDU comprises a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload part and a second data payload part of the plurality of data payload parts; and The PPDU is sent.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the PPDU comprises an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) according to an A-PSDU frame format, wherein the plurality of data payload portions comprises a plurality of PSDUs.

3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the A-PSDU comprises a PSDU header between a first PSDU and a second PSDU among the plurality of PSDUs, wherein the PSDU header comprises the predefined TF. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the predefined TF comprises a short training field (STF).

5. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the PSDU header comprises a signal (SIG) field after the predefined TF, wherein the SIG field comprises a length field to indicate a length of the second PSDU.

6. The apparatus of claim 3, wherein the A-PSDU frame format comprises: A short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the PSDU headers preceding the first PSDU and the second PSDU.

7. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the A-PSDU includes one or more first STA PSDUs of a first STA, and one or more second STA PSDUs of a second STA following the one or more first STA PSDUs, wherein the A-PSDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA PSDUs and the one or more second STA PSDUs.

8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the PPDU comprises a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, wherein the plurality of data payload portions comprises a plurality of PPDU segments, and wherein the predefined TF is between a first PPDU segment and a second PPDU segment.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the segmented PPDU frame format comprises fixed segment durations corresponding to a plurality of PPDU portions of the plurality of PPDU segments.

10. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the PPDU comprises the predefined TF preceding each non-first sequential data payload portion in the plurality of data payload portions.

11. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the PPDU comprises a first sequence data payload portion followed by one or more non-first sequence data payload portions, wherein the PPDU comprises one or more predefined TFs respectively preceding the one or more non-first sequence data payload portions.

12. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the preamble comprises a non-high throughput (HT) short training field (L-STF), wherein the predefined TF is different from the L-STF.

13. An apparatus according to any one of claims 1-9, wherein the PPDU includes one or more first STA data payload parts of a first STA, and one or more second STA data payload parts of a second STA following the one or more first STA data payload parts, wherein the PPDU includes another preamble code between the one or more first STA data payload parts and the one or more second STA data payload parts.

14. The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the PPDU frame format comprises: A short interframe space (SIFS) or a point coordination function (PCF) interframe space (PIFS) between the predefined TFs before the first data payload portion and the second data payload portion.

15. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the PPDU comprises an ultra-high reliability (UHR) PPDU, wherein the preamble of the PPDU comprises a plurality of pre-UHR modulation fields followed by a plurality of UHR modulation fields.

16. The apparatus of any one of claims 1-9, comprising a radio device for sending the PPDU.

17. The apparatus of claim 16, comprising one or more antennas connected to the radio, and a processor for executing instructions of an operating system of the STA.

18. A method performed by a wireless communication station (STA), the method comprising: Generate a preamble of a physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) according to a PPDU frame format; generating a data payload of the PPDU according to the PPDU frame format, the data payload comprising a plurality of data payload parts, wherein the PPDU comprises a predefined training field (TF) between a first data payload part and a second data payload part of the plurality of data payload parts; and Send PPDU.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the PPDU comprises an aggregated PHY service data unit (PSDU) (A-PSDU) according to an A-PSDU frame format, wherein the plurality of data payload portions comprises a plurality of PSDUs. 20 . The method of claim 19 , wherein the A-PSDU comprises a PSDU header between a first PSDU and a second PSDU among the plurality of PSDUs, wherein the PSDU header comprises the predefined TF.

21. The method of claim 19, wherein the A-PSDU comprises one or more first STA PSDUs of a first STA, and one or more second STA PSDUs of a second STA following the one or more first STA PSDUs, wherein the A-PSDU comprises another preamble between the one or more first STA PSDUs and the one or more second STA PSDUs.

22. The method of claim 18, wherein the PPDU comprises a segmented PPDU according to a segmented PPDU frame format, wherein the plurality of data payload portions comprises a plurality of PPDU segments, wherein the predefined TF is between a first PPDU segment and a second PPDU segment.

23. The method of claim 18, wherein the PPDU includes the predefined TF prior to each non-first sequential data payload portion in the plurality of data payload portions.

24. An apparatus comprising means for causing a wireless communication station (STA) to perform the method according to any one of claims 18-23.

25. A product comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media, the tangible computer-readable non-transitory storage media comprising instructions that, when executed by at least one processor, are operable to enable the at least one processor to cause a wireless communication station (STA) to perform a method according to any one of claims 18-23.

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