Breeding method of lodging-resistant oat germplasm

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method of lodging-resistant oat germplasm, and belongs to the technical field of oat breeding. The invention provides a breeding method of lodging-resistant oat germplasm, which comprises the following steps: hybridizing a bred oat variety with lodging-resistant character as a parent, backcrossing one generation, performing continuous selfing, and performing lodging-resistant detection on each generation after backcrossing and during continuous selfing, so as to obtain the lodging-resistant oat germplasm. And carrying out next-generation selfing on the screened lodging-resistant variety so as to breed the high-lodging-resistant variety. In one embodiment of the invention, three lodging-resistant strains are screened, the lodging index is 0.136-0.139, and the lodging-resistant strains belong to extremely lodging-resistant strains.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of oat breeding, and in particular relates to a breeding method for lodging-resistant oat germplasm. Background Art

[0002] Oats are annual herbaceous crops belonging to the genus Oats of the Poaceae family. Depending on whether the seeds have lemmas or not, they can be divided into hulled oats and naked oats. At present, 90% of the oats grown in my country are naked oats, and the hulled oats grown are mainly used for forage and feed. Most of the oats grown abroad as food crops are hulled oats, and only a small part of oats are naked oats, which are mainly used for forage and feed. Oats are known as a crop that is both medicinal and edible. They have extremely high nutritional and health functions and have become an indispensable complete nutritional and health food for improving people's health level. Oat protein, fat and β-glucan are its main nutritional and functional ingredients. The protein content of oats ranks first among cereal crops, reaching 14.00% to 16.00%. The fat content of oats is relatively high among cereals, about 80% of which is unsaturated fatty acids, and linoleic acid accounts for about 33.00% to 49.00% of the fatty acid content. The content of β-glucan in oats is relatively high among cereal crops, and the content of β-glucan in oat germplasm resources can reach 2.00% to 7.00%. At present, β-glucan is considered to be one of the most promising functional factors of oats, which has the function of lowering human serum cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases. With people's understanding of the health functions of oats, the demand for oat consumption has grown rapidly in recent years, the planting area has continued to expand, and there are higher requirements for high-yield, high-quality, and special new varieties.

[0003] my country is one of the origins of naked oats and has rich naked oat germplasm resources. However, oats are prone to lodging during planting. According to investigations, in the late stage of oat growth, the plants in the field are tall and spread out, the degree of group shade increases, and the support of the stems is weakened, which reduces the carbon assimilation of the canopy and the interception efficiency of the leaves for light. Lodging is very likely to occur during rainy and windy weather from the filling stage to maturity. Lodging has become one of the important factors limiting the stable, high-quality and high-efficiency production of oats, and is also a key problem that is common and urgently needs to be solved in the current actual production of oats. In response to the problem of easy lodging of oats, on the one hand, it is necessary to update the oat cultivation technology, and more importantly, to breed oat varieties that are resistant to lodging. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to provide a method for breeding lodging-resistant oat germplasm, which can quickly breed lodging-resistant oat germplasm.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a breeding method for lodging-resistant oat germplasm, comprising the following steps: hybridizing parents with lodging-resistant traits to obtain F1 generation, backcrossing the obtained F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, and continuously self-pollinating the F2 generation to screen out extremely lodging-resistant oat germplasm;

[0006] The F2 generation and all self-pollinated progeny were tested for lodging resistance, and those with moderate lodging resistance were selected for the next generation of self-pollination;

[0007] The lodging resistance trait is measured in terms of lodging index, wherein the lodging index corresponding to the lodging resistance trait is not higher than 0.18, the lodging index corresponding to the medium lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.180, 0.595], and the lodging index corresponding to the extreme lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.136, 0.139].

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the parents include Mengyanyou No. 5 and Mengyan No. 1.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, Mengyanyou No. 5 is used as the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 is used as the male parent.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, during the backcrossing, the F1 generation is used as the female parent and the male parent among the parents is used as the male parent.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the number of self-pollination generations is not less than 5 generations.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present invention, the lodging resistance detection includes detecting the lodging index of the second internode at the base.

[0013] In one embodiment of the present invention, the method for calculating the stalk lodging index comprises:

[0014] Stem lodging index = main stem fresh weight × stem center of gravity height / stem mechanical strength.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present invention, the fresh weight of the main stem is measured by taking a sample from the plant close to the ground surface and weighing it with a 1 / 1000 analytical balance, with the unit being expressed in g.

[0016] In one embodiment of the present invention, the height of the center of gravity of the stem is measured by measuring the distance from the base of the stem to the balance fulcrum of the main stem of the plant, with the unit being expressed in cm.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present invention, the mechanical strength of the stem is measured by placing the second internode at the base without the leaf sheath on a support frame, and using a stem strength tester to press the stem with a steady force to multiply the force that instantly breaks the stem by 100g / N, which is the mechanical strength of the stem.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The present invention provides a method for breeding lodging-resistant oat germplasm, using the selected oat varieties with lodging resistance as parents, hybridizing and backcrossing for one generation, and then continuously self-pollinating, and after backcrossing and during continuous self-pollination, each generation is tested for lodging resistance, and the next generation of lodging resistance selected is self-pollinated, thereby breeding varieties with high lodging resistance.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present invention, Mengyanyou No. 5 is used as the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 is used as the male parent, and hybridization is performed to obtain F1 generation seeds; the F1 generation plant line is used as the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 is used as the male parent, and backcrossing is performed to obtain F2 generation seeds; the F2 generation is continuously self-pollinated, and each generation is screened for lodging resistance, thereby obtaining a total of 64 materials, and the traits of the 64 materials are identified, and 3 lodging-resistant lines are screened out, with a lodging index between 0.136 and 0.139, which are extremely lodging-resistant lines. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 The present invention is a complete breeding flow chart of the lodging-resistant oat variety. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention provides a breeding method for lodging-resistant oat germplasm, comprising the following steps: hybridizing parents with lodging-resistant traits to obtain F1 generation, backcrossing the obtained F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, and continuously selfing the F2 generation to screen out extremely lodging-resistant oat germplasm;

[0022] The F2 generation and all self-pollinated progeny were tested for lodging resistance, and those with moderate lodging resistance were selected for the next generation of self-pollination;

[0023] The lodging resistance trait is measured in terms of lodging index, wherein the lodging index corresponding to the lodging resistance trait is not higher than 0.18, the lodging index corresponding to the medium lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.180, 0.595], and the lodging index corresponding to the extreme lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.136, 0.139].

[0024] The present invention does not have any special restrictions on the selection of the parents, it only needs to ensure that they have lodging resistance traits. For example, in one embodiment, Mengyanyou No. 5 and Mengyan No. 1 are used as parents, specifically, Mengyanyou No. 5 is the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 is the male parent. The Mengyanyou No. 5 described in the present invention is bred by hybridization of 5-1-3 as the female parent and Magna as the male parent, configured in 1986 and stabilized in 1993; Mengyan No. 1 is bred by the naked oat variety "Yong 492" introduced from France as the female parent and the self-bred resource material "80-13" of the Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences as the male parent, through the interspecific distant hybridization technology of naked oats, and the registration number is Guopinjianza 2010026. Mengyanyou No. 5 has been disclosed in literature materials (Fu Xiaofeng, Liu Junqing, Liu Jianguo, et al. Application of oat germplasm resources introduced from abroad in the breeding of new naked oat varieties [J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 1999, (02): 18-19.)

[0025] The present invention utilizes the parents for hybridization, wherein the hybridization means are well known in the art and will not be described in detail here, such as referring to the hybridization means involved in Chinese invention patent CN116349600A (a method and application of hybridization of uncut oats).

[0026] The present invention uses the hybrid offspring F1 as the female parent and the male parent material in the parent as the male parent for backcrossing. For example, in the embodiment, Mengyan No. 1 is used as the male parent, and after one generation of backcrossing, the F2 generation is obtained. The present invention does not specifically limit the means of backcrossing, and backcrossing can be performed using conventional technical means in the art, such as referring to the backcrossing means involved in Chinese invention patent CN116349600A (a method and application of hybridization without cutting oats). The present invention can perform lodging resistance trait detection on the obtained backcross offspring, such as detecting the lodging index of the second internode of the base in the embodiment, and selecting those with medium lodging resistance traits for self-pollination in the next generation.

[0027] When the self-pollination is performed in the present invention, the seeds can be sown indoors, in Hainan, in the field, or even in the south for breeding. Three generations can be harvested in one year by shuttling, the breeding period can be shortened, and a single plant can be harvested. Of course, a variety of means can also be mixed and used, and the number of generations of self-pollination is generally not less than 5 generations. For example, in the embodiment, F2 generation seeds are taken and sown indoors to obtain F3 generation seeds; F3 generation seeds are taken and sown in Hainan to harvest F4 generation seeds, and F4 generation seeds are sown in water fields, and through self-pollination, the harvested seeds are F5 generation, and F5 generation seeds are obtained by potting F6 generation seeds, and F6 generation seeds are bred in the south to obtain F7 generation, and rows of plants are planted in water fields.

[0028] In the present invention, the lodging index of the second internode at the base needs to be detected during each generation of self-pollination, and those with moderate lodging resistance are selected. After the above hybridization-backcrossing-multiple generations of self-pollination and screening, extremely lodging-resistant strains with a lodging index in the interval (0.136, 0.139] can be screened.

[0029] The lodging calculation method referred to in the present invention is: stem lodging resistance index = main stem fresh weight × stem center of gravity height / stem mechanical strength.

[0030] The fresh weight of the main stem is measured by taking a sample from the plant close to the ground and weighing it with a 1 / 1000 analytical balance, with the unit expressed in g.

[0031] The method for measuring the height of the stem's center of gravity is to measure the distance from the base of the plant's stem to the balance fulcrum of the plant's main stem, expressed in cm.

[0032] The mechanical strength of the stem is measured as follows: the second internode at the base with the leaf sheath removed is placed on a support frame, and the stem is pressed steadily with a stem strength tester. The force that causes the stem to break instantly multiplied by 100g / N is the mechanical strength of the stem.

[0033] In order to further illustrate the present invention, a breeding method for lodging-resistant oat germplasm provided by the present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0034] In the embodiments of the present invention, the hybridization, backcrossing and selfing methods of each generation are conventional techniques in the art. When sowing, the seed quality should meet the requirements of GB 4404.4 and should be air-dried for 2 to 3 days before sowing. The fertilizer should meet the requirements of N: 3.5 to 4.5 kg / 667 m 2 、P2O5:2.5~3.5kg / 667m 2 , K2O: 2.5~3.5kg / 667m 2 The fertilizer used complies with NY / T496 regulations and is applied together with the seeds. According to soil moisture and rainfall conditions, sprinkler irrigation is carried out 2 to 4 times after sowing, in the jointing stage, heading stage, and filling stage, with each irrigation volume of 15m 3 / 667m 2 ~30m 3 / 667m 2 . The quality of irrigation water should comply with the provisions of GB 5084. Manual weeding should be carried out in time during the seedling and jointing stages. When the aphid population density reaches 500 heads / 100 ears, use 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder for prevention and control. The dosage and spraying frequency should be implemented in accordance with DB15 / T 2444, and the use of pesticides should comply with the provisions of NY / T1276.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] according to Figure 1 The breeding process is shown as follows: using Mengyanyou No. 5 as the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 as the male parent, hybridizing to obtain F1 seeds; using the F1 generation strain as the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 as the male parent, backcrossing to obtain F2 seeds; taking the F2 seeds, sowing them indoors to obtain F3 seeds; taking the F3 seeds, sowing them in Hainan, harvesting F4 seeds, sowing the F4 seeds in water fields, and harvesting F5 seeds through self-pollination; obtaining F6 seeds through potted F5 seeds; obtaining F7 through southern breeding of F6 seeds, and planting rows in water fields; using Mengyan No. 1 as the control, selecting strain materials with a low lodging index in the second internode at the base, conducting trials for two consecutive years to screen out lodging-resistant varieties, conducting three years of regional trials, and then conducting two years of production trials to select lodging-resistant varieties.

[0037] Among them, lodging resistance traits need to be tested in each generation after backcrossing.

[0038] The results are shown in Table 1. A total of 64 materials were obtained. The traits of the 64 materials were identified, and 3 lodging-resistant lines were screened out. The lodging index was between 0.136 and 0.139, which were extremely lodging-resistant lines.

[0039] Table 164 Cluster table of lodging resistance coefficient of hybrid offspring

[0040]

[0041] Then, according to the classification results, continuous tests were carried out to screen out three new varieties with lodging resistance coefficients between 0.136 and 0.139:

[0042] 1. Naked oats, line number 18-29, plant height 87.4cm, ear length 15.3cm, ear weight 2.22g, center of gravity height 42.39cm, total tillers 4.6 / plant, effective tillers 3.6 / plant, fresh weight of the second stem node at the base 0.49g, stem diameter 3.82mm, stem length 5.16cm, stem mechanical strength 1754.3kpa, stem puncture strength 2057.89kpa, lodging index 0.136, actual lodging rate in the field 0%.

[0043] 2. Naked oats, strain number 16-36, plant height 81cm, ear length 18.2cm, ear weight 3.66g, center of gravity height 39.2cm, total tillers 4 / plant, effective tillers 2.8 / plant, fresh weight of the second stem node at the base 0.67g, stem diameter 3.97mm, stem length 5.79cm, stem mechanical strength 2310.68kpa, stem puncture strength 1860.88kpa, lodging index 0.139, actual lodging rate in the field 0%.

[0044] 3. The line number 15-9 naked oats had a plant height of 100.2 cm, an ear length of 18.26 cm, an ear weight of 3.45 g, a center of gravity height of 49.06 cm, a total of 5.2 tillers per plant, 3.2 effective tillers per plant, fresh weight of the second stem node at the base of 1.25 g, a stem diameter of 4.59 mm, a stem length of 8.59 cm, a stem mechanical strength of 2938.85 kpa, a stem puncture strength of 2076.15 kpa, a lodging index of 0.137, and an actual lodging rate of 0% in the field.

[0045] Although the above embodiment describes the present invention in detail, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. People can also obtain other embodiments based on this embodiment without creativity, and these embodiments all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding lodging-resistant oat germplasm, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: hybridizing parents with lodging resistance to obtain F1 generation, backcrossing the obtained F1 generation to obtain F2 generation, and continuously self-pollinating the F2 generation to screen out extremely lodging-resistant oat germplasm; The F2 generation and all self-pollinated progeny were tested for lodging resistance, and those with moderate lodging resistance were selected for the next generation of self-pollination; The lodging resistance trait is measured in terms of lodging index, wherein the lodging index corresponding to the lodging resistance trait is not higher than 0.18, the lodging index corresponding to the medium lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.180, 0.595], and the lodging index corresponding to the extreme lodging resistance trait is in the interval of (0.136, 0.139].

2. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The parents include Mengyanyou No. 5 and Mengyan No.

1.

3. The breeding method according to claim 2, characterized in that: Mengyanyou No. 5 is the female parent and Mengyan No. 1 is the male parent.

4. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: During the backcrossing, the F1 generation is used as the female parent, and the male parent among the parents is used as the male parent.

5. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of self-pollination generations is not less than 5 generations.

6. The breeding method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lodging resistance detection includes detecting the stem lodging index.

7. The breeding method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation method of the stalk lodging index comprises: Stem lodging index = main stem fresh weight × stem center of gravity height / stem mechanical strength.

8. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The main stem fresh weight is measured by taking a sample from the plant close to the ground surface and weighing it with a 1 / 1000 analytical balance, with the unit being expressed in g.

9. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method for measuring the height of the center of gravity of the stem is: measuring the distance from the base of the plant stem to the balance fulcrum of the main stem of the plant, and the unit is expressed in cm.

10. The breeding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The mechanical strength of the stem is measured by placing the second internode at the base without the leaf sheath on a support frame, and using a stem strength tester to press the stem with a steady force, and the force that causes the stem to break instantly is multiplied by 100g / N, which is the mechanical strength of the stem.

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