A prediction method and system for the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem

Abstract

An embodiment of the present application proposes a method and system for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem, which relates to the field of environmental prediction technology. First, an ecological environment status survey and a port shipping survey are carried out in the research area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data. Secondly, the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data are input into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors. According to the simulated environmental factors, the constructed habitat model is input, and the change in habitat suitability is calculated. Finally, the impact of port shipping development on the water ecosystem is evaluated based on the change in habitat suitability. By comprehensively considering the detailed data of the ecological environment status and port shipping activities, combined with the habitat model, the changes in hydrological characteristics, sediment transport, and water quality conditions caused by port shipping development are accurately predicted, and then the impact on the aquatic ecosystem is evaluated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of environmental prediction, and in particular, to a method and system for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem. Background Art

[0002] China has proposed to strengthen the ecological environmental protection and restoration of transportation, strictly implement ecological restoration, and integrate the concept of ecological environmental protection throughout the whole process of the planning, construction, operation and maintenance of transportation infrastructure. The port planning scope often involves rare and protected aquatic animals, etc., and port construction may have an adverse impact on them.

[0003] At present, the impact of port construction on the water ecosystem is mostly qualitative analysis, which is disconnected from the prediction of hydrodynamics and water environment. Developing a habitat model for port aquatic animals to achieve quantitative analysis of the impact of port development and construction on aquatic animals is of great significance for the ecological construction of ports.

[0004] However, the impact of the existing port shipping development and construction on the water ecosystem is still in its infancy. In current research, some researchers predict the growth and reproduction behaviors of typical aquatic organisms, and most of them are for a certain typical species, such as aquatic plants, benthos or fish. There is no research on unified modeling of the habitat behaviors of typical aquatic organisms such as aquatic plants, benthos and nekton through the food chain relationship, that is, there is little research on simulating and predicting the water ecosystem. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present application provides a method and system for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem. By comprehensively integrating the current situation of the ecological environment and detailed data on port shipping activities, and combining with the habitat model, it accurately predicts the changes in hydrological characteristics, sediment transport and water quality conditions caused by the development of port shipping, and then evaluates the impact on the aquatic ecosystem.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the technical solutions adopted in the embodiments of the present application are as follows:

[0007] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present application provide a method for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem, the method comprising:

[0008] Conduct an investigation on the current situation of the ecological environment and port shipping in the research area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data;

[0009] Input the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors;

[0010] Input the simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model to calculate the change in habitat suitability;

[0011] Evaluate the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the changes in habitat suitability.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the steps of inputting the basic data of ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors include:

[0013] Construct a hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model using the MIKE and / or Deflt 3D mathematical models;

[0014] Input the basic data of ecological environment simulation into the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the basic data under the current situation of the study area;

[0015] Modify the model boundary conditions of the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model according to the port data, and then input the basic data under the current situation of the study area to obtain the simulated environmental factors.

[0016] In a possible implementation, the habitat model includes an aquatic plant growth model. The steps of inputting the simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model and calculating the changes in habitat suitability include:

[0017] Input the simulated environmental factors into the aquatic plant growth model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants;

[0018] Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, obtain the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0019] Based on the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for aquatic plants;

[0020] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of single habitat factors for aquatic plants to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for aquatic plants;

[0021] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for aquatic plants, use the Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants to perform dynamic simulation of aquatic plants and analyze the net growth of aquatic plants.

[0022] In a possible implementation, the suitability coefficient g of a single habitat factor for aquatic plants p is calculated by the formula: where α x , β x and γ x are all coefficients of aquatic plants, and x is the habitat factor of aquatic plants;

[0023] Comprehensive Habitat Suitability Index HSI of Aquatic Plants p The calculation formula is as follows: Where n is the number of environmental factors;

[0024] The Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants is:

[0025]

[0026] P is the biomass of aquatic plants, r p is the intrinsic growth rate of aquatic plants, k p is the maximum biomass of aquatic plants in the habitat environment, c d is the self-shedding function of aquatic plants, Q is the flow rate or tidal flux, P0 is the initial biomass, k c is the shedding function caused by the tide, and t is the time step in the differential.

[0027] In a possible implementation, the habitat model includes a benthic animal growth model. The steps of calculating the change in habitat suitability of the habitat model constructed based on the input of simulated environmental factors include:

[0028] Input the simulated environmental factors into the benthic animal growth model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals;

[0029] Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, obtain the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0030] Based on the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for benthic animals;

[0031] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of single habitat factors of benthic animals to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals;

[0032] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals, use the Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals to perform dynamic simulation of benthic animals and analyze the net growth of benthic animals.

[0033] In a possible implementation, the suitability coefficient g of a single habitat factor of benthic animals b The calculation formula is as follows: Where α y 、β y 、γ y are all coefficients of benthic animals, and y is the habitat factor of benthic animals;

[0034] The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient HSI of benthic animalsb is: where n is the number of environmental factors;

[0035] The Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals is:

[0036] where r b is the maximum feeding absorption rate, B is the biomass of benthic animals, k b is the maximum biomass of benthic animals in the habitat environment, K h is the food source amount when the feeding rate of benthic animals reaches half of the maximum value, c b is the self-metabolism rate of benthic animals, g b-DO is the habitat suitability coefficient corresponding to benthic animals and dissolved oxygen concentration, pr b is the proportion of benthic animals preyed on by fish, g f-tem is the habitat suitability coefficient corresponding to fish and temperature, N is the food source of benthic animals, E P is the aquatic plant recession term, pr p is the proportion of the aquatic plant recession term in the food source of benthic animals.

[0037] In a possible implementation, the habitat model includes a fish habitat model. The steps of calculating the change in habitat suitability of the habitat model constructed based on the input of simulated environmental factors include:

[0038] Input the simulated environmental factors into the fish habitat model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction;

[0039] Based on the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction, obtain the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0040] Based on the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for fish;

[0041] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of a single habitat factor for fish to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for fish;

[0042] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for fish, calculate the relative value of fish quantity by combining the functions of tidal current velocity on fish, food resources on fish, and underwater noise on fish;

[0043] Calculate the fish quantity in the study area according to the relative value of fish quantity.

[0044] In a possible implementation, the suitability coefficient g of a single habitat factor for fishf is: where α z , γ z , β z are all coefficients of fish, and z is the habitat factor of fish;

[0045] The comprehensive habitat suitability index HSI of fish f is: where n is the number of environmental factors;

[0046] The calculation formula for the relative value of fish quantity NMf is: NM f = f(v)·f(F B )·f(un)·HSI f , where f(v) is the function of the influence of tidal current velocity on fish, and f(F B ) is the function of the influence of food resources on fish, and f(un) is the function of the influence of underwater noise on fish;

[0047] The calculation formula for the total number of fish TNM in the study area f is A j is the area of the rectangular grid, and S j is the conversion coefficient between the relative quantity and the absolute quantity of fish.

[0048] In a possible implementation manner, the steps of evaluating the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the change of habitat suitability include:

[0049] If the change of habitat suitability is greater than the second threshold, re - consider the port shipping development plan;

[0050] If the change of habitat suitability is between the first threshold and the second threshold, optimize the port shipping development plan;

[0051] If the change of habitat suitability is less than the first threshold, implement the port shipping development plan, and the first threshold is smaller than the second threshold.

[0052] In a second aspect, the embodiments of the present application further provide a prediction system for the impact of port shipping on the aquatic ecosystem. The system includes:

[0053] A data acquisition unit, configured to conduct an investigation on the current ecological environment status and port shipping in the study area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data;

[0054] An environmental model construction unit, configured to input the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic - sediment - water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors;

[0055] A habitat model construction unit for inputting simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model to calculate the changes in habitat suitability;

[0056] An evaluation unit for evaluating the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the changes in habitat suitability.

[0057] Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the present application proposes a method and system for predicting the impact of port shipping on the aquatic ecosystem. First, conduct an investigation on the current ecological environment status and port shipping in the research area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data. Secondly, input the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors. According to the simulated environmental factors, input them into the constructed habitat model to calculate the changes in habitat suitability. Finally, evaluate the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the changes in habitat suitability. By comprehensively considering the detailed data of the current ecological environment and port shipping activities and combining with the habitat model, accurately predict the changes in hydrological characteristics, sediment transport and water quality conditions caused by port shipping development, and then evaluate the impact on the aquatic ecosystem. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0058] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required to be used in the embodiments. It should be understood that the following drawings only show some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other related drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings.

[0059] Figure 1 Shows the flowchart of the method for predicting the impact of port shipping on the aquatic ecosystem proposed by the embodiment of the present application. Detailed Description of the Embodiment

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Usually, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0061] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely represents the selected embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that, without conflict, the features in the embodiments of the present invention can be combined with each other.

[0063] The impact of existing port shipping development and construction on the water ecosystem is still in its infancy. In current research, some researchers predict the growth and reproduction behaviors of typical aquatic organisms, mostly for a single typical species, such as aquatic plants, benthos, or fish. There is no unified modeling of the habitat behaviors of typical aquatic organisms such as aquatic plants, benthos, and nekton through the food chain relationship, that is, there is little research on simulating and predicting the water ecosystem.

[0064] To address the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a method and system for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem. By comprehensively integrating the current situation of the ecological environment and detailed data on port shipping activities, and combining with the habitat model, it accurately predicts the changes in hydrological characteristics, sediment transport, and water quality conditions caused by the development of port shipping, and then evaluates the impact on the aquatic ecosystem. It not only considers the impacts of habitat factors such as water flow, sediment, and water temperature caused by port reclamation and shipping development, but also particularly considers the impact of underwater noise caused by ship navigation on fish. The following provides a detailed introduction.

[0065] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 which shows the flowchart of the method for predicting the impact of port shipping on the water ecosystem proposed by the embodiments of the present application, including the following steps:

[0066] Step S100: Conduct an ecological environment status survey and a port shipping survey in the research area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data.

[0067] The basic data includes hydrological environment element data and status survey data. The hydrological environment element data includes water depth, flow velocity, tide level (especially important in coastal or estuarine areas), flow direction, bottom sediment, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. The status survey data includes the types, quantities, dominant species of organisms, and their spatial distribution. The status survey data includes the port land and water area planning scheme, the scale and layout of port reclamation, the route layout, the planned throughput of the port, the throughput by cargo category, the dock grades by type, the scale and layout of channel dredging, and the main impact factors of port shipping on the ecological environment.

[0068] First, conduct an ecological environment status survey, which is divided into a hydrodynamic status survey, a water environment status survey, and a water ecology status survey. The hydrodynamic status survey focuses on the movement characteristics of water flow, including water depth, flow velocity, tide level (especially important in coastal or estuarine areas), flow direction, etc., which helps to understand the energy distribution of water flow, the water body exchange rate, and the potential pollutant diffusion pattern.

[0069] The current situation investigation of the water environment covers indicators such as water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, etc. Water temperature affects the physiological activities and distribution of aquatic organisms. Salinity is a key parameter for measuring the salt content in seawater or freshwater bodies affected by saltwater. The dissolved oxygen level is directly related to the survival of organisms in the aquatic ecosystem, and a low-oxygen environment will limit the living space of aquatic organisms.

[0070] The current situation investigation of the aquatic ecosystem involves the investigation of biological communities such as aquatic plants, benthic animals (organisms living at the bottom of the water body), and fish. By recording the types, quantities, dominant species, and their spatial distribution of different organisms, the diversity and structural integrity of the ecosystem can be evaluated.

[0071] Secondly, conduct an investigation on the development of port shipping, which is divided into collecting the port shipping development plan in the research area and identifying the main impact factors of port shipping on the ecological environment. Collecting the port shipping development plan in the research area includes: 1. The port water and land area planning scheme, which involves the overall layout design of the port water area and land area, including the location arrangement of berths, yards, auxiliary facilities, etc., and how to efficiently utilize the coastline resources. 2. The scale and layout of port reclamation, the specific plan for expanding the port land area by building sea dikes, filling the seabed, etc., including the required reclamation area, construction methods, and environmental protection measures. 3. Route layout, planning the navigation paths of inbound and outbound ships, considering factors such as channel width, depth, turning radius, etc., to ensure safe and efficient navigation. 4. The planned throughput of the port and the throughput by cargo type, estimating the maximum handling capacity of the port as a whole and various types of goods (such as containers, bulk goods, liquid goods, etc.), usually in ten thousand tons. 5. The classification of terminal grades, dividing the service grades of terminals according to the maximum dimensions and load capacity of the ships that can berth, such as 100,000-ton class, 200,000-ton class, etc. 6. The scale and layout of channel dredging, in order to ensure the safe passage of ships, a work plan for regular channel cleaning and deepening is required, including the dredging scope, depth, and the treatment of dredged materials.

[0072] Identifying the main impact factors of port shipping on the ecological environment is divided into: 1. Port construction, which mainly affects hydrological conditions, such as changing water depth, slowing down the flow rate, affecting the tidal flow pattern, changing the bottom sediment structure (through projects such as reclamation), and possibly disturbing the local water temperature and salinity balance. 2. Shipping development, the increased ship traffic will generate underwater noise, affecting the activities of aquatic organisms such as communication and reproduction, and may disrupt the balance of the aquatic ecosystem in the long term. In addition, ship emissions (such as oil spills, waste) are also important pollution sources.

[0073] Step S200: Input the basic data of ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the simulated environmental factors.

[0074] Based on the established hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model and the input basic data of the ecological environment and port development, a series of prediction results of environmental factors will be generated during the simulation process. These results are digital reproductions of the environmental status in the study area after the construction of port shipping facilities, and can include hydrodynamic parameters, sediment transport, water quality indicators, and ecological impact assessments.

[0075] Step S200 includes:

[0076] Construct a hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model using the MIKE and / or Deflt 3D mathematical models;

[0077] Input the basic data of ecological environment simulation into the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the basic data under the current situation of the study area;

[0078] Modify the model boundary conditions of the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model according to the port data, and then input the basic data under the current situation of the study area to obtain the simulated environmental factors.

[0079] Use professional software such as MIKE or Delft3D of Deltares to construct a three-dimensional hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model of the study area. These models are based on physical laws and describe processes such as water body flow, sediment transport, and pollutant diffusion through mathematical equations. First, use measured data such as water depth, flow velocity, tidal level, bottom sediment type, temperature, and salinity to calibrate (adjust model parameters to match the observed data) and verify (examine the agreement between the model simulation results and the actual situation) the model to ensure that the model can accurately reflect the current situation.

[0080] Once the model is verified to be effective, the boundary conditions and internal parameters of the model will be adjusted according to the port planning scheme next, such as simulating the impact of coastline changes caused by port reclamation, wharf construction, and channel dredging on hydrodynamics. Through these adjustments, the model can predict the changes in water depth, flow velocity, tidal level, bottom sediment, water temperature, and salinity in the area after the completion of port shipping facilities construction. These data are crucial for evaluating the potential impact of construction projects on typical biological habitats.

[0081] It should be noted that for the cold drainage problem of liquefied natural gas (LNG) terminals, the model will consider its special environmental impacts. The cold water released during the operation of the LNG receiving terminal flows back into the sea, which may cause a short-term temperature drop in the surrounding sea area. In water environment models such as MIKE, the location, discharge rate (unit: cubic meters per second, m 3 / s), and expected temperature drop amplitude (such as 5 °C) of the cold drainage outlet of the LNG terminal will be clearly set. The model then simulates and calculates the distribution impact of cold drainage on the water temperature in the surrounding sea area during the specified time period, that is, the cold drainage impact range, which helps to evaluate the possible thermal shock effect on the aquatic ecosystem.

[0082] Step S300: Calculate the change in habitat suitability based on the constructed habitat model with the input of simulated environmental factors.

[0083] A habitat model is an analytical tool used to predict and evaluate the responses of specific species or communities to environmental changes. First, the model selects a series of representative aquatic organisms as the research objects, including aquatic plants (such as reeds and Scirpus triqueter), benthic animals (such as Potamocorbula laevis and Corbicula fluminea), and nekton (such as fish like Larimichthys crocea). Secondly, the model simulates the complex predator-prey relationships among these organisms to form a multi-level food chain / food web structure. For example, aquatic plants provide shelter and food for benthic animals, and benthic animals are the food sources for nekton such as fish. Such interaction relationships are crucial for understanding the stability, productivity of the ecosystem, and its sensitivity to environmental changes.

[0084] Subsequently, using the environmental factor data (such as water depth, flow velocity, substrate type, water temperature, salinity, etc.) output by the previous hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model, evaluate the suitable habitat ranges of different biological populations. For example, certain fish may prefer waters with sufficient shelter and moderate water flow velocity, while benthic animals may have specific requirements for substrate hardness and organic matter content. Finally, by adjusting the environmental variables in the model (such as simulating the environmental changes after port construction), observe how these changes affect the distribution, density, and biodiversity of the suitable habitats of each biological population. This dynamic simulation helps predict future habitat changes and potential migrations or decreases in biological populations.

[0085] The habitat model includes an aquatic plant growth model, and step S400 includes:

[0086] Input the simulated environmental factors into the aquatic plant growth model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants;

[0087] Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, obtain the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0088] Based on the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for aquatic plants;

[0089] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of a single habitat factor for aquatic plants to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for aquatic plants;

[0090] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for aquatic plants, use the Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants to conduct dynamic simulation of aquatic plants and analyze the net growth of aquatic plants.

[0091] First, the study area is subdivided into multiple rectangular grids \(j\) to facilitate the refined analysis and management of environmental factor data in space, ensuring that the environmental characteristics of each small area can be independently considered and evaluated. The hydrological, sediment, and water environment parameters (such as water depth, flow velocity, tidal level, substrate type, salinity, etc.) output by the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model are assigned to the grids and adapted to the actual situation of each grid through interpolation methods. Through scientific research and field investigations, the key factors affecting the growth of target aquatic plants (such as Phragmites australis and Scirpus triqueter) are identified, and suitability curves are established for each factor. The suitability curve expresses the degree of preference of the plant for specific environmental conditions, usually with a value range between 0 and 1, where 1 represents the most suitable.

[0092] Based on the habitat suitability curve of the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor of the aquatic plant is calculated. The suitability coefficient \(g\) of a single habitat factor of the aquatic plant p is calculated by the following formula: where \(\alpha\) x , \(\beta\) x and \(\gamma\) x are all coefficients of the aquatic plant, and \(x\) is the habitat factor of the aquatic plant;

[0093] The geometric mean method is used to integrate the suitability coefficients of single habitat factors of aquatic plants to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants. This coefficient reflects the level of plant growth potential under comprehensive environmental conditions. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient \(HSI\) of aquatic plants p is calculated by the following formula: where \(n\) is the number of environmental factors.

[0094] The Logistic growth curve model is used to simulate the biomass change of aquatic plants over time, that is, to simulate the biomass loss process caused by tidal currents and self-metabolism. The typical aquatic plant growth equation is: \(E\) P \(= c\) d \(\cdot Q\cdot (P - P_0)+k\) c \(\cdot Q\cdot (P - P_0)\). This model takes into account the intrinsic growth (\(G\) P ) of the plant and the biomass loss (\(E\) P ) caused by external factors (such as tidal scour and self-metabolism). Among them, the intrinsic growth rate (\(r\) p ) determines the potential of the plant growth rate, the maximum biomass (\(k\) p ) is the maximum carrying capacity allowed by the environment, \(HSI\) affects the actual growth rate, and the shedding functions (\(c\) d and \(k\) c ) are associated with hydrodynamic conditions and reflect the regulation of physical processes on plant distribution.

[0095] The Logistic growth curve equation for aquatic plants is as follows:

[0096]

[0097] where P is the biomass of aquatic plants, r p is the intrinsic growth rate of aquatic plants, k p is the maximum biomass of aquatic plants in the habitat environment, c d is the self-shedding function of aquatic plants, Q is the flow rate or tidal flux, P0 is the initial biomass, k c is the shedding function caused by the tidal current, and t is the time step in the differential, for example, the time step of the water ecological simulation is 1 day.

[0098] The habitat model includes the benthic animal growth model, and step S400 includes:

[0099] Input the simulated environmental factors into the benthic animal growth model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals;

[0100] Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, obtain the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0101] Based on the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for benthic animals;

[0102] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of a single habitat factor for benthic animals to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for benthic animals;

[0103] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for benthic animals, use the Logistic growth curve equation for benthic animals to perform dynamic simulation of benthic animals and analyze the net growth of benthic animals.

[0104] Map the simulation results of complex hydrodynamic, sediment, and water environment to a series of rectangular grids of the same size, and convert the continuous environmental data into a discrete form convenient for analysis. Determine the environmental factors that have an important impact on the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, such as water depth, flow velocity, substrate type, water temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen level, and pH value. For each key habitat factor, obtain the relationship curve between it and the suitability of benthic animals through research.

[0105] This curve is represented by a mathematical function, and the formula for calculating the suitability coefficient g b of a single habitat factor for benthic animals is: where α y , β y , γ y are all coefficients of benthic animals, y is the habitat factor of benthic animals, where gb The value ranges from 0 to 1, reflecting the survival and reproduction adaptation degree of benthic animals under specific habitat conditions.

[0106] According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of benthic animals are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals is: where n is the number of environmental factors;

[0107] HSI b Taking all key factors into comprehensive consideration, it provides a unified measurement standard for the ecological suitability on each grid. Then, the Logistic growth curve is used to describe the biomass growth, and the natural loss of biomass (due to its own metabolism and being preyed upon) is considered. The process of biomass loss caused by its own metabolism and being preyed upon is simulated: E B = c b ·B·g b-DO + pr b ·B·g f-tem , where the growth term (G B ) and the consumption term (E B ) are set considering multiple factors such as food resources (N), maximum biomass limit (k b ), food density threshold (K h ), its own metabolic rate (c b ), the influence of dissolved oxygen (g b-DO ), the influence of being preyed upon (pr b ), and the influence of fish predation rate on temperature (g f-tem ).

[0108] The Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals is:

[0109] where r b is the maximum feeding absorption rate, B is the biomass of benthic animals, k b is the maximum biomass of benthic animals in the habitat environment, K h is the food source amount when the feeding rate of benthic animals reaches half of the maximum value, c b is the own metabolic rate of benthic animals, g b-DO is the habitat suitability coefficient corresponding to the dissolved oxygen concentration of benthic animals, pr b is the proportion of benthic animals preyed upon by fish, g f-tem is the habitat suitability coefficient corresponding to fish and temperature, N is the food source of benthic animals, E P is the aquatic plant recession term, pr pIt is the proportion of the submerged aquatic plants in the food source of benthic animals.

[0110] The habitat model includes a fish habitat model. Step S400 includes:

[0111] Input the simulated environmental factors into the fish habitat model, and perform interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grid to obtain the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction;

[0112] Based on the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction, obtain the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction through literature review and / or experimental data;

[0113] Based on the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction, calculate the suitability coefficient of a single habitat factor for fish;

[0114] According to the geometric mean method, integrate the suitability coefficients of a single habitat factor for fish to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for fish;

[0115] Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient for fish, combine the functions of the influence of tidal current velocity on fish, the influence of benthic organisms on fish, and the influence of underwater noise on fish to calculate the relative value of fish quantity;

[0116] Calculate the fish quantity in the study area according to the relative value of fish quantity.

[0117] First, project the complex hydrodynamic, sediment, and water environment simulation data onto a rectangular grid of the same size. Then, identify the key habitat factors affecting fish survival and reproduction, such as water depth, flow velocity, substrate type, water temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration, and noise level, which are the basis for evaluating the quality of fish habitats.

[0118] Through scientific research literature and field investigations, establish a suitability function for each key factor to quantify the preference or tolerance of fish for different environmental conditions. f The function is used to describe this suitability, usually represented by a value between 0 and 1, which depends on the habitat factor z and preset parameters (α z , γ z , β z ). The habitat factor z mainly includes variables such as water depth, substrate, temperature, and dissolved oxygen. Due to the special influence of flow velocity and noise on swimming organisms such as fish, other expressions can be used to measure their influence on fish.

[0119] The suitability coefficient g of a single habitat factor for fish f is: where α z , γ z , β z are all coefficients of fish, and z is the habitat factor of fish.

[0120] The suitability scores of all factors are integrated using the geometric mean method to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability index (HSI) for each grid cell. f ) The higher the HSI f value indicates that the area is more livable for fish.

[0121] The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient HSI of fish f is: where n is the number of environmental factors.

[0122] A fish habitat model is established, which integrates the effects of multiple factors on fish habitat selection, including flow velocity (f(v)), food resources (f(F B ))), underwater noise (f(un)), and comprehensive habitat suitability. These factors are expressed through specific functions and jointly determine the relative value (NM f ) of the fish population in a certain area. The formula for calculating the relative value NM of the fish population f is: NM f = f(v)·f(F B )·f(un)·HSI f , where f(v) is the function of the influence of tidal current velocity on fish, f(F B ) is the function of the influence of benthic organisms on fish, and f(un) is the function of the influence of underwater noise on fish.

[0123] Regarding the flow velocity (f(v)): Since fish autonomously select suitable habitats through swimming behavior. In the embodiments of the present application, the Boltzmann equation is used for reference to simulate the movement behavior of fish with the water flow. The specific form of this equation is as follows: where i represents the direction, and f f is the distribution function of fish in unit volume, which is related to spatial position (x i ), velocity (v i ), time (t), etc., and F i is the external force acting on the fish. Assuming that when the fish movement reaches a stable equilibrium state, the distribution function f f is independent of time, and the relative number of fish in unit volume can be obtained by solving:

[0124]

[0125] where D, ε are coefficients, ρ is the water density, u fx , u fy are the swimming velocities of fish in the x and y directions, u x , u y are the relative velocity differences between fish and water flow in the x and y directions, S a is the wet surface area of the fish, Ct , C f , C p are the propulsive force, frictional force, and form drag coefficient, respectively.

[0126] Regarding the food resource f(F B ), the Logistic equation is used to describe the dependence of fish on the food resource. The Logistic equation is: where δ1 and δ2 are coefficients, and pr b is the proportion (%) of benthic animals preyed on by fish, pr f is the proportion (%) of benthic animals in the fish's food, and r f is the feeding and absorption efficiency of fish.

[0127] Regarding the function f(un) of the impact of underwater noise on fish:

[0128] First, consider the port planning and construction situation, including the planned throughput of the wharf, wharf grade, and shipping lines, to obtain information such as the ship tonnage, length, number of ships, and navigation routes, and calculate the number of ships N s : TC is the cargo throughput (10,000 tons / year), which is converted to the throughput scale within the research period T; W is the ship tonnage, in 10,000 tons.

[0129] Secondly, calculate the equivalent sound level of a single ship at the prediction point (the reference sound pressure in water is 1 μPa):

[0130] L eq,s = L s0 - TL;

[0131]

[0132] L eq,s is the noise radiation source strength of a single ship at the prediction point, with the unit of dB; L s0 is the noise radiation source strength of the ship, which is related to the ship tonnage, type, etc., and can be obtained through ship inspection specifications or actual measurements; TL is the acoustic energy loss of the ship in seawater, in dB; r is the horizontal distance of the prediction matrix grid from the ship, with the unit of km; σ L is the near-field propagation anomaly correction value, with the unit of dB; R is the distance parameter, with the unit of km; σ T is the shallow sea interface attenuation coefficient, with the unit of dB / km; H is the water depth, with the unit of m; L is the shallow sea mixed layer depth, with the unit of m.

[0133] Then calculate the equivalent sound level L eq,ts at the prediction point: According to the route vector, ship tonnage, number of ships, etc., obtain the number of ships in the rectangular grid of the research area.

[0134] Secondly, calculate the equivalent sound level of multiple ships at the prediction point: where L eq,ts is the equivalent continuous sound level caused by ship navigation at the prediction matrix grid (at a distance r from the ship) within the time step T, in dB; T is the time step, in s; N s is the number of ships passing through within the time T; t eq is the equivalent time of ship passage, in s; l s is the ship length, in m; v s is the ship navigation speed, in m / s; ω is a coefficient.

[0135] Based on literature or experiments, study and obtain the relationship curve between typical fish behaviors or states and underwater noise. The test results of the sound sensitivity of large yellow croaker in the "Explanation of the Guidelines for the Assessment of the Impact of Anthropogenic Underwater Noise on Marine Organisms" can be referred to. Table 1 shows the responses of large yellow croaker to noise:

[0136] Table 1

[0137]

[0138]

[0139] Based on the above experiments, obtain the habitat suitability curve of typical fish to the impact of noise, which is represented by a value between 0 and 1 for suitability, where 0 means unsuitable and 1 means suitable. According to the habitat suitability curve of typical fish to the impact of noise and the calculated L eq,ts , obtain the habitat suitability impact function f(un) of typical fish affected by noise.

[0140] Finally, based on the above model results, by considering the grid area (A j ) and the conversion coefficient (S j ), the relative number of fish (NM f ) on each grid can be converted into the absolute number (TNM f ), thereby estimating the total number of typical fish in the entire study area. The calculation formula for the number of fish TNM f in the study area is A j is the area of the rectangular grid, and S j is the conversion coefficient between the relative number and the absolute number of fish.

[0141] Step S400: Evaluate the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the change of habitat suitability.

[0142] By establishing habitat suitability models for typical aquatic plants, benthic animals, and fish, considering the interactions between organisms (predator-prey relationships), it is possible to predict the changes in the biomass and quantity of these species over time and space under given environmental conditions.

[0143] Evaluate the hydrodynamic and water environment changes caused by the development of port shipping, which involves using hydrological models and environmental impact models to predict the changes in water body flow, water quality parameters (such as temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen content), etc. before and after the construction and operation of the port.

[0144] Based on the above, the net growth of aquatic plants is analyzed through the aquatic plant growth model, the net growth of benthic animals is analyzed through the benthic animal growth model, and the number of fish in the study area is calculated by the fish habitat model. On this basis, calculate the impact of these environmental changes on the aquatic plant P, benthic animal B, and the suitable habitat TNM of fish. f Specifically, by comparing the habitat suitability before and after the development of port shipping, the change in their abundance can be obtained: Among them, P1, B1, TNM f1 represent the abundances of typical aquatic plants, benthic animals, and fish before the development of port shipping; P2, B2, TNM f2 represent the abundances of typical aquatic plants, benthic animals, and fish after the development of port shipping.

[0145] Step S400 includes:

[0146] If the change in habitat suitability is greater than the second threshold, reconsider the port shipping development plan;

[0147] If the change in habitat suitability is between the first threshold and the second threshold, optimize the port shipping development plan;

[0148] If the change in habitat suitability is less than the first threshold, implement the port shipping development plan, and the first threshold is smaller than the second threshold.

[0149] The change in habitat suitability can be obtained by weighted summing the above-mentioned aquatic plant ΔP, benthic animal ΔB, and the suitable habitat ΔTNM of fish with different weights assigned. The first threshold can be set to 30%, and the second threshold can be set to 50%. f In one possible embodiment, according to the change in habitat suitability (Δ), judge the overall impact degree of port shipping development on the water ecosystem, and accordingly propose corresponding management suggestions:

[0150]

[0151] ​If the change in habitat suitability Δ is greater than 50%, it means the impact is very significant, and it may be necessary to re - examine and adjust the port development plan.

[0152] If the change in habitat suitability Δ is between 30% and 50%, it indicates that there is a certain impact, and it is necessary to optimize the existing plan and incorporate more ecological protection measures.

[0153] If the change in habitat suitability Δ is less than 30%, the impact is relatively limited, but specific environmental protection measures during construction still need to be formulated to minimize the damage to the ecological environment.

[0154] Compared with the prior art, the embodiments of the present application have the following beneficial effects:

[0155] First, by integrating the hydrodynamic - sediment - water environment model and the habitat model, a refined prediction of the impact of port shipping activities is achieved. This method can not only accurately simulate the direct impacts of port construction and operation on hydrological characteristics, sediment transport, and water quality conditions, but also further predict the indirect effects of these changes on the habitat suitability of aquatic plants, benthic animals, fish, etc., providing a comprehensive assessment method from the physical environment to the ecosystem level.

[0156] Second, based on the assessment results of the change in habitat suitability, this method can provide a scientific basis for port planning and management. By quantitatively analyzing the differences in the ecosystem before and after the development of port shipping (such as changes in biomass and species distribution), decision - makers can clearly know which areas or ecological elements are most affected by port activities, and then make decisions on whether to adjust the plan and what mitigation measures to take to ensure the balance between economic development and ecological protection.

[0157] Third, timely identification of the potential threats of port shipping to the aquatic ecosystem helps to take protective measures in advance, such as optimizing the channel design to reduce interference with sensitive ecological areas, setting up ecological buffer zones, or implementing ecological restoration projects. This not only protects biodiversity but also promotes the sustainable development of the areas around the port, meeting the requirements of ecological civilization construction.

[0158] Fourth, it integrates the ability of multi - source data processing and analysis, can effectively integrate information from multiple dimensions such as the investigation of the current ecological environment status and port shipping data, greatly improving the efficiency and accuracy of data processing, and providing technical support for quickly responding to environmental changes and formulating adaptive management strategies.

[0159] The following presents a prediction system for the impact of port shipping on the aquatic ecosystem, which includes:

[0160] A data acquisition unit for conducting an investigation of the current ecological environment status and port shipping in the research area to obtain the basic data for ecological environment simulation and port data;

[0161] An environmental model construction unit, configured to input the basic data of ecological environment simulation and port data into the constructed hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain simulated environmental factors;

[0162] A habitat model construction unit, configured to input the simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model to calculate the change in habitat suitability;

[0163] An evaluation unit, configured to evaluate the impact of port shipping development on the aquatic ecosystem according to the change in habitat suitability.

[0164] As mentioned above, it is only the specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any change or replacement that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for predicting the impact of port shipping on aquatic ecosystems, characterized in that: The method comprises: Conduct an ecological environment status survey and port shipping survey in the study area to obtain basic data and port data for ecological environment simulation; Use MIKE and / or Deflt 3D mathematical models to build a hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model; Input the basic data of ecological environment simulation into the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the basic data of the current situation of the study area; The model boundary conditions of the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model were changed according to the port data, and then the basic data of the current situation of the study area were input to obtain the simulated environmental factors; The simulated environmental factors were input into the constructed habitat model to calculate the changes in habitat suitability; The habitat model includes an aquatic plant growth model. The steps of inputting simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model and calculating the change of habitat suitability include: The simulated environmental factors are input into the aquatic plant growth model, and the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants is obtained through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve of aquatic plant growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of aquatic plants is calculated. The single habitat factor suitability coefficient of aquatic plants g p The calculation formula is: where α x , β x and γ x are all coefficients of aquatic plants, and x is the habitat factor of aquatic plants; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of aquatic plants are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants is HSI. p The calculation formula is: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants, the dynamic simulation of aquatic plants was carried out using the Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants to analyze the net growth of aquatic plants. The Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants is: P is the biomass of aquatic plants, r p is the intrinsic growth rate of aquatic plants, k p is the maximum biomass of aquatic plants in the habitat, c d is the shedding function of aquatic plants, Q is the flow or tidal flux, P0 is the initial biomass, k c is the shedding function caused by the tidal current, and t is the time step in the differentiation; The habitat model includes a benthic animal growth model. The steps of inputting simulated environmental factors into the constructed habitat model and calculating the change of habitat suitability include: The simulated environmental factors are input into the benthic animal growth model, and the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals is obtained through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve of benthic animal growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of benthic animal is calculated. b The calculation formula is: where α y , β y , γ y are all coefficients of benthic animals, and y is the habitat factor of benthic animals; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of benthic animals are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals is HSI. b for: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals, the dynamic simulation of benthic animals was carried out using the Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals, and the net growth of benthic animals was analyzed. The Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals is: where r b is the maximum feeding absorption rate, B is the biomass of benthic animals, k b is the maximum biomass of benthic animals in the habitat, K h is the amount of food source when the feeding rate of benthic animals reaches half of the maximum value, c b is the metabolic rate of benthic animals themselves, g b-DO is the habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals corresponding to dissolved oxygen concentration, pr b is the proportion of benthic animals preyed on by fish, g f-tem is the habitat suitability coefficient of fish and temperature, N is the food source of benthic animals, E P is the decline term of aquatic plants, pr p is the proportion of the decline of aquatic plants to the food source of benthic animals; The habitat model includes a fish habitat model. The simulated environmental factors are input into the constructed habitat model to calculate the changes in habitat suitability, including: The simulated environmental factors are input into the fish habitat model, and the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction, obtain the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of fish is calculated. f for: where α z , γ z , β z are all coefficients of fish, and z is the habitat factor of fish; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of fish are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish is: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish, the relative value of fish number is calculated by combining the function of tidal velocity on fish, the function of food resources on fish and the function of underwater noise on fish. The relative value of fish number NM f The calculation formula is: NM f =f(v)·f(F B )·f(un)·HSI f , where f(v) is the function of the tidal velocity on fish, f(F B ) is the function of the impact of food resources on fish, and f(un) is the function of the impact of underwater noise on fish; The number of fish in the study area is calculated based on the relative value of the number of fish. The number of fish in the study area TNM f The calculation formula is A j is the area of ​​the rectangular grid, S j is the conversion factor between relative and absolute numbers of fish; Assess the impact of port shipping development on aquatic ecosystems based on changes in habitat suitability.

2. The impact prediction method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Steps to assess the impact of port and shipping development on aquatic ecosystems based on changes in habitat suitability include: If the change in habitat suitability is greater than the second threshold, the port shipping development plan will be reconsidered; If the change in habitat suitability is between the first threshold and the second threshold, the port shipping development plan will be optimized; If the change in habitat suitability is less than the first threshold, the port shipping development plan will be implemented, and the first threshold is smaller than the second threshold.

3. A prediction system for the impact of port shipping on aquatic ecosystems, characterized in that: The system comprises: Data collection unit, used to conduct an ecological environment status survey and port shipping survey in the study area to obtain basic data and port data for ecological environment simulation; An environmental model building unit, used to build a hydrodynamic-sediment-water environmental model using MIKE and / or Deflt 3D mathematical models; Input the basic data of ecological environment simulation into the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model to obtain the basic data of the current situation of the study area; The model boundary conditions of the hydrodynamic-sediment-water environment model were changed according to the port data, and then the basic data of the current situation of the study area were input to obtain the simulated environmental factors; Habitat model building blocks for: The simulated environmental factors are input into the aquatic plant growth model, and the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants, the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of aquatic plants is obtained through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve of aquatic plant growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of aquatic plants is calculated. The single habitat factor suitability coefficient of aquatic plants g p The calculation formula is: p =α x ·x 3 ·exp βx·x2 +γ x , where α x , β x and γ x are all coefficients of aquatic plants, and x is the habitat factor of aquatic plants; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of aquatic plants are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants is HSI. p The calculation formula is: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of aquatic plants, the dynamic simulation of aquatic plants was carried out using the Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants to analyze the net growth of aquatic plants. The Logistic growth curve equation of aquatic plants is: P is the biomass of aquatic plants, r p is the intrinsic growth rate of aquatic plants, k p is the maximum biomass of aquatic plants in the habitat, c d is the shedding function of aquatic plants, Q is the flow or tidal flux, P0 is the initial biomass, k c is the shedding function caused by the tidal current, and t is the time step in the differentiation; The simulated environmental factors are input into the benthic animal growth model, and the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals, the habitat suitability curve for the growth and reproduction of benthic animals is obtained through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve of benthic animal growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of benthic animal is calculated. b The calculation formula is: where α y , β y , γ y are all coefficients of benthic animals, and y is the habitat factor of benthic animals; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of benthic animals are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals is HSI. b for: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals, the dynamic simulation of benthic animals was carried out using the Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals, and the net growth of benthic animals was analyzed. The Logistic growth curve equation of benthic animals is: where r b is the maximum feeding absorption rate, B is the biomass of benthic animals, k b is the maximum biomass of benthic animals in the habitat, K h is the amount of food source when the feeding rate of benthic animals reaches half of the maximum value, c b is the metabolic rate of benthic animals themselves, g b-DO is the habitat suitability coefficient of benthic animals corresponding to dissolved oxygen concentration, pr b is the proportion of benthic animals preyed on by fish, g f-tem is the habitat suitability coefficient of fish and temperature, N is the food source of benthic animals, E P is the decline term of aquatic plants, pr p is the proportion of the decline of aquatic plants to the food source of benthic animals; The simulated environmental factors are input into the fish habitat model, and the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction are obtained by interpolation and discretization on the divided matrix grids; Based on the key habitat factors for fish growth and reproduction, obtain the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction through literature review and / or experimental data; Based on the habitat suitability curve for fish growth and reproduction, the single habitat factor suitability coefficient of fish is calculated. f for: where α z , γ z , β z are all coefficients of fish, and z is the habitat factor of fish; According to the geometric mean method, the single habitat factor suitability coefficients of fish are integrated to obtain the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish. The comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish is: Where n is the number of environmental factors; Based on the comprehensive habitat suitability coefficient of fish, the relative value of fish number is calculated by combining the function of tidal velocity on fish, the function of food resources on fish and the function of underwater noise on fish. The relative value of fish number NM f The calculation formula is: NM f =f(v)·f(F B )·f(un)·HSI f , where f(v) is the function of the tidal velocity on fish, f(F B ) is the function of the impact of food resources on fish, and f(un) is the function of the impact of underwater noise on fish; The number of fish in the study area is calculated based on the relative value of the number of fish. The number of fish in the study area TNM f The calculation formula is A j is the area of ​​the rectangular grid, S j is the conversion factor between relative and absolute numbers of fish; Assessment unit used to evaluate the impact of port shipping development on aquatic ecosystems based on changes in habitat suitability.

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