Low PAPR DMRS and low inter-cell interference for DFT extended OFDM

Abstract

The WTRU may include circuitry configured to determine a DMRS sequence of lengths 12, 18, and 24 for PI / 2BPSK DFT-s-OFDM modulation. The sequence is optimized for PAPR, CM, frequency flatness, cross-correlation, and channel estimation (cyclic correlation).

Description

[0001] This divisional application is a divisional application with an application date of December 31, 2019, application number 201980092054.6, and invention name “Low PAPR DMRS and Low Inter-Cell Interference for DFT-Spread OFDM”.

[0002] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0003] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62 / 787,647, filed on January 2, 2019, U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62 / 792,227, filed on January 14, 2019, and U.S. Provisional Application Serial No. 62 / 793,827, filed on January 17, 2019, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference. Summary of the invention

[0004] A wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) may include circuitry configured to determine a sequence from a set of sequences including 000000110110, 000001000111, and 000001110111. The WTRU may also include a transmitter configured to transmit a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) derived from the determined sequence. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0005] Furthermore, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements in the drawings, and wherein:

[0006] Figure 1A is a system diagram illustrating an example communication system in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented;

[0007] Figure 1B is a diagram showing that according to one embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example wireless transmit / receive unit (WTRU) for use within a communication system is shown;

[0008] Figure 1C is a diagram showing that according to one embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of an example radio access network (RAN) and an example core network (CN) used within the communication system shown;

[0009] Figure 1D is a diagram showing that according to one embodiment, Figure 1A A system diagram of another exemplary RAN and another exemplary CN used within the communication system shown;

[0010] Figure 2is a diagram of two different implementations of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS);

[0011] Figure 3 is a diagram of an example time and frequency structure of Type 1;

[0012] Figure 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example transmitter for a demodulation reference signal (DMRS); and

[0013] Figure 5 is a block diagram illustrating an example transmitter for generating a DMRS signal without losing properties of a sequence set.

[0014] Exemplary Network for Implementation of Embodiments

[0015] Figure 1A 1 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary communication system 100 in which one or more disclosed embodiments may be implemented. The communication system 100 may be a multiple access system that provides content such as voice, data, video, messaging, broadcast, etc. to multiple wireless users. The communication system 100 may enable multiple wireless users to access such content by sharing system resources including wireless bandwidth. For example, the communication system 100 may use one or more channel access methods such as code division multiple access (CDMA), time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), orthogonal FDMA (OFDMA), single carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), zero tail unique word discrete Fourier transform-spread OFDM (ZT-UW-DFT-S-OFDM), unique word OFDM (UW-OFDM), resource block filtered OFDM, and filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC), etc.

[0016] like Figure 1AAs shown, the communication system 100 may include wireless transmit / receive units (WTRUs) 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d, a radio access network (RAN) 104, a core network (CN) 106, a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 108, the Internet 110, and other networks 112, although it should be appreciated that the disclosed embodiments contemplate any number of WTRUs, base stations, networks, and / or network components. Each of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be any type of device configured to operate and / or communicate in a wireless environment. By way of example, any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be referred to as a station (STA), which may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals, and may include a user equipment (UE), a mobile station, a fixed or mobile subscriber unit, a subscription-based unit, a pager, a cellular phone, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a smart phone, a laptop, a netbook, a personal computer, a wireless sensor, a hotspot or Mi-Fi device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, a watch or other wearable device, a head-mounted display (HMD), a vehicle, a drone, medical devices and applications (e.g., remote surgery), industrial devices and applications (e.g., robots and / or other wireless devices working in an industrial and / or automated process chain environment), consumer electronic devices, and devices working on a commercial and / or industrial wireless network, etc. Any of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may be interchangeably referred to as a UE.

[0017] The communication system 100 may also include a base station 114a and / or a base station 114b. Each of the base stations 114a, 114b may be any type of device configured to facilitate access to one or more communication networks (e.g., the CN 106, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112) by wirelessly interfacing with at least one of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. For example, the base stations 114a, 114b may be a base transceiver station (BTS), a Node B, an eNode B (eNB), a Home Node B, a Home eNode B, a next generation Node B (such as a gNB), a new radio (NR) Node B, a site controller, an access point (AP), a wireless router, and the like. Although each of the base stations 114a, 114b is depicted as a single component, it should be appreciated that the base stations 114a, 114b may include any number of interconnected base stations and / or network components.

[0018] The base station 114a may be part of the RAN 104, which may also include other base stations and / or network components (not shown), such as a base station controller (BSC), a radio network controller (RNC), a relay node, and the like. The base station 114a and / or the base station 114b may be configured to transmit and / or receive wireless signals on one or more carrier frequencies called cells (not shown). These frequencies may be in a licensed spectrum, an unlicensed spectrum, or a combination of licensed and unlicensed spectrum. A cell may provide wireless service coverage for a specific geographic area that is relatively fixed or may change over time. A cell may be further divided into cell sectors. For example, a cell associated with the base station 114a may be divided into three sectors. Thus, in one embodiment, the base station 114a may include three transceivers, i.e., each transceiver corresponds to a sector of the cell. In an embodiment, the base station 114a may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology and may use multiple transceivers for each sector of the cell. For example, by using beamforming, signals may be transmitted and / or received in a desired spatial direction.

[0019] The base stations 114a, 114b may communicate with one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d over an air interface 116, which may be any suitable wireless communication link (e.g., radio frequency (RF), microwave, centimeter wave, millimeter wave, infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), visible light, etc.). The air interface 116 may be established using any suitable radio access technology (RAT).

[0020] More specifically, as described above, the communication system 100 may be a multiple access system and may use one or more channel access schemes, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and the like. For example, the base station 114a in the RAN 104 and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), which may use Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) to establish an air interface 116. WCDMA may include communication protocols such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) and / or Evolved HSPA (HSPA+). HSPA may include High Speed ​​Downlink (DL) Packet Access (HSDPA) and / or High Speed ​​UL Packet Access (HSUPA).

[0021] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), which may establish the air interface 116 using Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or Advanced LTE (LTE-A) and / or Advanced LTE Pro (LTE-A Pro).

[0022] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement a radio technology that may use NR to establish the air interface 116, such as NR radio access.

[0023] In an embodiment, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement multiple radio access technologies. For example, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may jointly implement LTE radio access and NR radio access (e.g., using dual connectivity (DC) principles). Thus, the air interface used by the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be characterized by multiple types of radio access technologies and / or transmissions sent to / from multiple types of base stations (e.g., eNBs and gNBs).

[0024] In other embodiments, the base station 114a and the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may implement radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (i.e., Wireless Fidelity (WiFi)), IEEE 802.16 (i.e., Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX)), CDMA2000, CDMA20001X, CDMA2000 EV-DO, Interim Standard 2000 (IS-2000), Interim Standard 95 (IS-95), Interim Standard 856 (IS-856), Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), and GSM EDGE (GERAN), among others.

[0025] Figure 1AThe base station 114b in the example may be, for example, a wireless router, a Home NodeB, a Home eNodeB, or an access point, and may use any appropriate RAT to facilitate wireless connectivity in a local area, such as a business location, a residence, a vehicle, a campus, an industrial facility, an air corridor (e.g., for use by drones), a road, and the like. In one embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless local area network (WLAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.11. In an embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a wireless personal area network (WPAN) by implementing a radio technology such as IEEE 802.15. In yet another embodiment, the base station 114b and the WTRUs 102c, 102d may establish a picocell or a femtocell by using a cellular-based RAT (e.g., WCDMA, CDMA2000, GSM, LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, and the like). As Figure 1A As shown, the base station 114b may be directly connected to the Internet 110. Thus, the base station 114b does not need to access the Internet 110 via the CN 106.

[0026] The RAN 104 may be in communication with the CN 106, which may be any type of network configured to provide voice, data, applications, and / or Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) services to one or more of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d. The data may have different quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as different throughput requirements, latency requirements, fault tolerance requirements, reliability requirements, data throughput requirements, mobility requirements, etc. The CN 106 may provide call control, billing services, mobile location-based services, pre-paid calling, Internet connectivity, video distribution, etc., and / or may perform advanced security functions such as user authentication. Although in Figure 1A Although not shown, it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 and / or the CN 106 may be in direct or indirect communication with other RANs that employ the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104. For example, in addition to being connected to the RAN 104 employing NR radio technology, the CN 106 may also be in communication with another RAN (not shown) employing GSM, UMTS, CDMA 2000, WiMAX, E-UTRA, or WiFi radio technology.

[0027] The CN 106 may also act as a gateway for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d to access the PSTN 108, the Internet 110, and / or other networks 112. The PSTN 108 may include a circuit-switched telephone network that provides plain old telephone service (POTS). The Internet 110 may include a global system of interconnected computer network devices that use common communication protocols, such as TCP, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), and / or IP in the Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol (TCP / IP) Internet protocol suite. The networks 112 may include wired or wireless communication networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. For example, the networks 112 may include another CN connected to one or more RANs, where the one or more RANs may use the same RAT or a different RAT as the RAN 104.

[0028] Some or all of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d in the communication system 100 may include multi-mode capabilities (e.g., the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, 102d may include multiple transceivers for communicating with different wireless networks over different wireless links). Figure 1A The illustrated WTRU 102c may be configured to communicate with the base station 114a, which may employ a cellular-based radio technology, and with the base station 114b, which may employ an IEEE 802 radio technology.

[0029] Figure 1B is a system diagram illustrating an exemplary WTRU 102. Figure 1B As shown, the WTRU 102 may include a processor 118, a transceiver 120, a transmit / receive element 122, a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, a display / touchpad 128, a non-removable memory 130, a removable memory 132, a power source 134, a global positioning system (GPS) chipset 136, and / or peripherals 138. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may include any sub-combination of the foregoing elements while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0030] The processor 118 may be a general purpose processor, a special purpose processor, a conventional processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, a controller, a microcontroller, an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), any other type of integrated circuit (IC), a state machine, and the like. The processor 118 may perform signal coding, data processing, power control, input / output processing, and / or any other functionality that enables the WTRU 102 to operate in a wireless environment. The processor 118 may be coupled to the transceiver 120, which may be coupled to the transmit / receive element 122. Although Figure 1B The processor 118 and the transceiver 120 are depicted as separate components, however it should be appreciated that the processor 118 and the transceiver 120 may also be integrated together in one electronic component or chip.

[0031] The transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit or receive signals to or from a base station (e.g., base station 114a) via the air interface 116. For example, in one embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be an antenna configured to transmit and / or receive RF signals. As an example, in another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be an emitter / detector configured to transmit and / or receive IR, UV, or visible light signals. In yet another embodiment, the transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive RF and light signals. It should be appreciated that the transmit / receive component 122 may be configured to transmit and / or receive any combination of wireless signals.

[0032] Although in Figure 1B 102 as a single component, but the WTRU 102 may include any number of transmit / receive components 122. More specifically, the WTRU 102 may employ MIMO technology. Thus, in one embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include two or more transmit / receive components 122 (e.g., multiple antennas) for transmitting and receiving wireless signals over the air interface 116.

[0033] The transceiver 120 may be configured to modulate signals to be transmitted by the transmit / receive component 122 and to demodulate signals received by the transmit / receive component 122. As described above, the WTRU 102 may have multi-mode capabilities. Thus, the transceiver 120 may include multiple transceivers that allow the WTRU 102 to communicate via multiple RATs (e.g., NR and IEEE 802.11).

[0034] The processor 118 of the WTRU 102 may be coupled to a speaker / microphone 124, a numeric keypad 126, and / or a display / touchpad 128 (e.g., a liquid crystal display (LCD) display unit or an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display unit), and may receive user input data from these components. The processor 118 may also output user data to the speaker / microphone 124, the keypad 126, and / or the display / touchpad 128. In addition, the processor 118 may access information from and store information in any suitable memory such as a non-removable memory 130 and / or a removable memory 132. The non-removable memory 130 may include a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a hard disk, or any other type of memory storage device. The removable memory 132 may include a subscriber identity module (SIM) card, a memory stick, a secure digital (SD) memory card, and the like. In other embodiments, the processor 118 may access information from, and store data in, memory that is not physically located on the WTRU 102, such as, for example, on a server or a home computer (not shown).

[0035] The processor 118 may receive power from the power source 134, and may be configured to distribute and / or control power for use by other components in the WTRU 102. The power source 134 may be any suitable device for powering the WTRU 102. For example, the power source 134 may include one or more dry cell batteries (e.g., nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd), nickel-zinc (Ni-Zn), nickel-metal hydride (NiMH), lithium-ion (Li-ion), etc.), solar cells, fuel cells, and the like.

[0036] The processor 118 may also be coupled to the GPS chipset 136, which may be configured to provide location information (e.g., longitude and latitude) related to the current location of the WTRU 102. In addition to or in lieu of the information from the GPS chipset 136, the WTRU 102 may receive location information from a base station (e.g., base stations 114a, 114b) via the air interface 116 and / or determine its location based on the timing of signals received from two or more nearby base stations. It should be appreciated that the WTRU 102 may acquire location information via any suitable positioning method while remaining consistent with an embodiment.

[0037] The processor 118 may also be coupled to other peripheral devices 138, wherein the peripheral devices may include one or more software and / or hardware modules that provide additional features, functions, and / or wired or wireless connectivity. For example, the peripheral devices 138 may include an accelerometer, an electronic compass, a satellite transceiver, a digital camera (for photos and / or video), a universal serial bus (USB) port, a vibration device, a television transceiver, a hands-free headset, Modules, FM radio units, digital music players, media players, video game console modules, Internet browsers, virtual reality and / or augmented reality (VR / AR) devices, and activity trackers, etc. The peripheral device 138 may include one or more sensors. The sensor may be one or more of the following: a gyroscope, an accelerometer, a Hall effect sensor, a magnetometer, an orientation sensor, a proximity sensor, a temperature sensor, a time sensor, a geographic location sensor, an altimeter, a light sensor, a touch sensor, a magnetometer, a barometer, a gesture sensor, a biometric sensor, and a humidity sensor, etc.

[0038] The WTRU 102 may include a full-duplex radio in which reception or transmission of some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) and DL (e.g., for reception)) may be concurrent and / or simultaneous for the radio. A full-duplex radio may include an interference management unit that reduces and / or substantially eliminates self-interference by means of hardware (e.g., chokes) or by signal processing by a processor (e.g., a separate processor (not shown) or by the processor 118). In an embodiment, the WTRU 102 may include a half-duplex radio that transmits and receives some or all signals (e.g., associated with specific subframes for UL (e.g., for transmission) or DL ​​(e.g., for reception)).

[0039] Figure 1C 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c using an E-UTRA radio technology over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0040] The RAN 104 may include eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c, however it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of eNode-Bs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may each include one or more transceivers for communicating with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may implement MIMO technology. Thus, for example, the eNode-B 160a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to, and / or receive wireless signals from, the WTRU 102a.

[0041] Each of the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in the UL and / or DL, etc. Figure 1C As shown, the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c may communicate with each other via an X2 interface.

[0042] Figure 1C The illustrated CN 106 may include a mobility management entity (MME) 162, a serving gateway (SGW) 164, and a packet data network (PDN) gateway (PGW) 166. Although the foregoing components are described as being part of the CN 106, it should be appreciated that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0043] The MME 162 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface and may serve as a control node. For example, the MME 162 may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, performing bearer activation / deactivation processing, selecting a particular serving gateway during an initial attach procedure for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like. The MME 162 may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that employ other radio technologies, such as GSM and / or WCDMA.

[0044] The SGW 164 may be connected to each of the eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in the RAN 104 via an S1 interface. The SGW 164 may generally route and forward user data packets to / from the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c. The SGW 164 may also perform other functions, such as anchoring the user plane during an inter-eNB handover, triggering paging processing when DL data is available for the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and managing and storing the contexts of the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c, and the like.

[0045] The SGW 164 may be connected to the PGW 146, which may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks, such as the Internet 110, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices.

[0046] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to circuit-switched networks, such as the PSTN 108, to facilitate communications between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and traditional land-line communications devices. For example, the CN 106 may include or communicate with an IP gateway, such as an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server, and the IP gateway may serve as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers.

[0047] Although in Figures 1A-1D While the WTRU is described as a wireless terminal, it should be appreciated that in certain representative embodiments, such a terminal may use a (eg, temporary or permanent) wired communication interface with a communication network.

[0048] In a representative embodiment, the other network 112 may be a WLAN.

[0049] A WLAN using an infrastructure basic service set (BSS) mode may have an access point (AP) for the BSS and one or more stations (STAs) associated with the AP. The AP may access or be connected to a distributed system (DS) or other types of wired / wireless networks that send traffic into and / or out of the BSS. Traffic originating from outside the BSS and destined for the STA may arrive through the AP and be delivered to the STA. Traffic originating from the STA and destined for a destination outside the BSS may be sent to the AP for delivery to the corresponding destination. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be sent through the AP, for example, under the condition that the source STA may send traffic to the AP and the AP may deliver traffic to the destination STA. Traffic between STAs within the BSS may be considered and / or referred to as point-to-point traffic. The point-to-point traffic may be sent using a direct link establishment (DLS) between the source and destination STAs (e.g., directly therebetween). In certain representative embodiments, the DLS may use 802.11e DLS or 802.11z channelized DLS (TDLS)). For example, a WLAN using an independent BSS (IBSS) mode does not have an AP, and STAs (e.g., all STAs) within or using the IBSS can communicate directly with each other. Here, the IBSS communication mode may sometimes be referred to as an "ad-hoc" communication mode.

[0050] When using the 802.11ac infrastructure mode of operation or a similar mode of operation, the AP may transmit a beacon on a fixed channel (e.g., a primary channel). The primary channel may have a fixed width (e.g., a bandwidth of 20 MHz) or a dynamically set width. The primary channel may be an operating channel of the BSS and may be used by STAs to establish a connection with the AP. In certain representative embodiments, carrier sense multiple access (CSMA / CA) with collision avoidance (e.g., in an 802.11 system) may be implemented. For CSMA / CA, STAs (e.g., each STA) including the AP may sense the primary channel. If a particular STA senses / detects and / or determines that the primary channel is busy, the particular STA may back off. In a specified BSS, one STA (e.g., only one station) transmits at any given time.

[0051] A high throughput (HT) STA may communicate using a 40 MHz wide channel (eg, by combining a 20 MHz wide primary channel with a 20 MHz wide adjacent or non-adjacent channel to form a 40 MHz wide channel).

[0052] Very high throughput (VHT) STA can support channels with widths of 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz and / or 160MHz. 40MHz and / or 80MHz channels can be formed by combining continuous 20MHz channels. A 160MHz channel can be formed by combining 8 continuous 20MHz channels or by combining two discontinuous 80MHz channels (this combination can be referred to as an 80+80 configuration). For the 80+80 configuration, after channel coding, the data can be transmitted and passed through a segment parser, which can separate the data into two streams. Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) processing and time domain processing can be performed separately on each stream. The stream can be mapped on two 80MHz channels, and the data can be transmitted by the STA performing the transmission. At the receiver of the STA performing the reception, the above operations for the 80+80 configuration can be reversed, and the combined data can be sent to the medium access control (MAC).

[0053] 802.11af and 802.11ah support working modes below 1 GHz. Compared with 802.11n and 802.11ac, the channel working bandwidth and carrier used in 802.11af and 802.11ah are reduced. 802.11af supports 5MHz, 10MHz and 20MHz bandwidths in the TV White Space (TVWS) spectrum, and 802.11ah supports 1MHz, 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz and 16MHz bandwidths using non-TVWS spectrum. According to a representative embodiment, 802.11ah can support meter type control / machine type communication (MTC), such as MTC devices in macro coverage areas. MTC devices can have certain capabilities, such as limited capabilities including support (e.g., only support) certain and / or limited bandwidths. MTC devices can include a battery, and the battery life of the battery is higher than a threshold (e.g., for maintaining a very long battery life).

[0054] For WLAN systems that can support multiple channels and channel bandwidths (e.g., 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11af, and 802.11ah), these systems include channels that can be designated as primary channels. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be equal to the maximum common operating bandwidth supported by all STAs in the BSS. The bandwidth of the primary channel can be set and / or limited by a certain STA, where the STA originates from all STAs operating in the BSS that supports the minimum bandwidth operating mode. In the example of 802.11ah, even if the AP and other STAs in the BSS support 2MHz, 4MHz, 8MHz, 16MHz and / or other channel bandwidth operating modes, for STAs (e.g., MTC-type devices) that support (e.g., only support) 1MHz mode, the width of the primary channel can be 1MHz. Carrier sensing and / or network allocation vector (NAV) settings can depend on the status of the primary channel. If the primary channel is busy (e.g., because a STA (which only supports the 1MHz operating mode) transmits to the AP), then all available frequency bands can be considered busy even if most of the available frequency bands remain idle.

[0055] In the United States, the available frequency band for 802.11ah is 902MHz to 928MHz. In South Korea, the available frequency band is 917.5MHz to 923.5MHz. In Japan, the available frequency band is 916.5MHz to 927.5MHz. Depending on the country code, the total bandwidth available for 802.11ah is 6MHz to 26MHz.

[0056] Figure 1D 1 is a system diagram showing the RAN 104 and the CN 106 according to an embodiment. As described above, the RAN 104 may communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c using NR radio technology over the air interface 116. The RAN 104 may also communicate with the CN 106.

[0057] The RAN 104 may include gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c, though it will be appreciated that the RAN 104 may include any number of gNBs while remaining consistent with an embodiment. The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may each include one or more transceivers to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c over the air interface 116. In one embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement MIMO technology. For example, the gNBs 180a, 180b may use beamforming processing to transmit and / or receive signals to and / or from the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c. Thus, for example, the gNB 180a may use multiple antennas to transmit wireless signals to the WTRU 102a, and receive wireless signals from the WTRU 102a. In an embodiment, the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement carrier aggregation technology. For example, gNB 180a may transmit multiple component carriers to WTRU 102a (not shown). A subset of these component carriers may be on unlicensed spectrum, while the remaining component carriers may be on licensed spectrum. In an embodiment, gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may implement coordinated multi-point (CoMP) technology. For example, WTRU 102a may receive coordinated transmissions from gNB 180a and gNB 180b (and / or gNB 180c).

[0058] The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using transmissions associated with a scalable digital configuration. For example, the OFDM symbol spacing and / or OFDM subcarrier spacing may be different for different transmissions, different cells, and / or different portions of the radio transmission spectrum. The WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using subframes or transmission time intervals (TTIs) of different or scalable lengths (e.g., containing different numbers of OFDM symbols and / or lasting different absolute time lengths).

[0059] The gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be configured to communicate with the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c in a standalone configuration and / or a non-standalone configuration. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c without accessing other RANs (e.g., the eNodeBs 160a, 160b, 160c). In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may use one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c as mobility anchors. In a standalone configuration, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c using signals in an unlicensed band. In a non-standalone configuration, the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate / connect to the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c while communicating / connecting to another RAN (e.g., the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c). For example, the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c may communicate with one or more gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c and one or more eNode-Bs 160a, 160b, 160c in a substantially simultaneous manner by implementing the DC principle. In a non-standalone configuration, the eNode-B 160a, 160b, 160c may act as a mobility anchor for the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, and the gNB 180a, 180b, 180c may provide additional coverage and / or throughput to serve the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c.

[0060] Each of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c may be associated with a particular cell (not shown) and may be configured to handle radio resource management decisions, handover decisions, user scheduling in UL and / or DL, support network slicing, DC, implement interworking between NR and E-UTRA, route user plane data to user plane functions (UPFs) 184a, 184b, and route control plane information to access and mobility management functions (AMFs) 182a, 182b, etc. Figure 1D As shown, gNB180a, 180b, and 180c can communicate with each other through the Xn interface.

[0061] Figure 1DThe CN 106 shown may include at least one AMF 182a, 182b, at least one UPF 184a, 184b, at least one session management function (SMF) 183a, 183b, and may include a data network (DN) 185a, 185b. Although the foregoing components are described as part of the CN 106, it should be understood that any of these components may be owned and / or operated by an entity other than the CN operator.

[0062] The AMF 182a, 182b may be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via an N2 interface and may act as a control node. For example, the AMF 182a, 182b may be responsible for authenticating users of the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c, supporting network slicing (e.g., handling different protocol data unit (PDU) sessions with different requirements), selecting a specific SMF 183a, 183b, managing registration areas, terminating non-access stratum (NAS) signaling, and mobility management, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may use network slicing processing to customize the CN support provided to the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c based on the type of service used by the WTRU 102a, 102b, 102c. As an example, different network slices may be established for different use cases, such as services relying on ultra-reliable low latency (URLLC) access, services relying on enhanced massive mobile broadband (eMBB) access, and services for MTC access, etc. The AMF 182a, 182b may provide a control plane function for switching between the RAN 104 and other RANs (not shown) that use other radio technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, and / or non-3GPP access technologies such as WiFi).

[0063] The SMF 183a, 183b may be connected to the AMF 182a, 182b in the CN 106 via the N11 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may also be connected to the UPF 184a, 184b in the CN 106 via the N4 interface. The SMF 183a, 183b may select and control the UPF 184a, 184b, and may configure traffic routing through the UPF 184a, 184b. The SMF 183a, 183b may perform other functions, such as managing and allocating UE IP addresses, managing PDU sessions, controlling policy enforcement and QoS, and providing downlink data notifications, etc. The PDU session type may be IP-based, non-IP-based, Ethernet-based, etc.

[0064] The UPF 184a, 184b can be connected to one or more of the gNBs 180a, 180b, 180c in the RAN 104 via the N3 interface, which can provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to packet-switched networks (e.g., the Internet 110) to facilitate communication between the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c and IP-enabled devices. The UPF 184, 184b can perform other functions such as routing and forwarding packets, implementing user plane policies, supporting multi-host PDU sessions, processing user plane QoS, buffering DL packets, and providing mobility anchor processing, etc.

[0065] The CN 106 may facilitate communications with other networks. For example, the CN 106 may include or may communicate with an IP gateway (e.g., an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) server) that acts as an interface between the CN 106 and the PSTN 108. In addition, the CN 106 may provide the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c with access to other networks 112, which may include other wired and / or wireless networks owned and / or operated by other service providers. In one embodiment, the WTRUs 102a, 102b, 102c may be connected to the DNs 185a, 185b via an N3 interface connected to the UPFs 184a, 184b and an N6 interface between the UPFs 184a, 184b and the local DNs 185a, 185b and through the UPFs 184a, 184b.

[0066] In view of Figures 1A-1D and about Figures 1A-1D , one or more or all of the functions described herein with reference to one or more of the following may be performed by one or more simulation devices (not shown): WTRU 102a-d, base station 114a-b, eNodeB 160a-c, MME 162, SGW 164, PGW 166, gNB 180a-c, AMF 182a-b, UPF 184a-b, SMF 183a-b, DN1 85a-b and / or one or more other devices described herein. These simulation devices may be one or more devices configured to simulate one or more or all of the functions described herein. For example, these simulation devices may be used to test other devices and / or simulate network and / or WTRU functions.

[0067] The simulation device can be designed to implement one or more tests about other devices in a laboratory environment and / or an operator network environment. For example, the one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being implemented and / or deployed as a part of a wired and / or wireless communication network in whole or in part to test other devices inside the communication network. The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more or all functions while being temporarily implemented or deployed as a part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. The simulation device can be directly coupled to other equipment to perform the test, and / or use over-the-air wireless communication to perform the test.

[0068] The one or more simulation devices can perform one or more functions, including all functions, while not being implemented or deployed as part of a wired and / or wireless communication network. For example, the simulation device can be used in a test lab and / or a test scenario of a wired and / or wireless communication network that is not deployed (e.g., tested) to implement tests on one or more components. The one or more simulation devices can be test devices. The simulation device can transmit and / or receive data using direct RF coupling and / or wireless communication with the aid of RF circuits (e.g., which can include one or more antennas). DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0069] One way to improve the coverage of radio telecommunications is to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) or cubic metric (CM) of the transmitted signal by using discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with π / 2-BPSK modulation and frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS).

[0070] Figure 2 200, 220 are illustrations of two different implementations 200, 220 of π / 2 binary phase shift keying (BPSK) discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with frequency domain spectral shaping (FDSS). In the first block diagram 200, a bit 202 is modulated with a π / 2-BPSK modulation 204. The π / 2-BPSK modulation 204 may be a function of the previous elements in the sequence, or it may be independent of the other elements. In some implementations, the π / 2-BPSK modulation is defined as shown in Equation 1 below.

[0071]

[0072] In the above equation, s(b i ) is π / 2-BPSK, symbol b iis the i-th symbol in the sequence, and i=0 corresponds to the first element of the sequence. After modulation, the resulting modulated symbols may be precoded using a DFT 206 of length M. Next, for the FDSS operation 208, each element of the precoded vector is multiplied by a weight determined by the filter. For example, if the filter coefficients are [0.2810.28], the weights may be obtained as DFT([10.280 1，M-3 0.28], M), where DFT(a, M) is the M-point DFT of vector a and 0 M，K is a zero matrix with M rows and K columns. After the FDSS operation, the inverse DFT (IDFT) 210 of the shaped precoding vector is calculated and the resulting vector may be transmitted through the RF chain.

[0073] exist Figure 2 In the second block diagram 220, bits 222 are modulated 224, FDSS operations 226 are performed, and then precoding 228 using DFT occurs. In contrast to the first block diagram 200, the second block diagram 220 implements FDSS 226 in the time domain. In this way, after the modulation symbol is generated 224, the modulation symbol is circularly convolved with the filter coefficients. For example, the modulation symbol is convolved with [10.280 M-3，1 0.28] circular convolution. The main benefit of this scheme can lead to improved PAPR and CM performance. The IDFT 230 is calculated and the resulting vector can be sent through the RF chain.

[0074] In some implementations, an interleaved demodulation reference signal (DMRS) structure is employed for a data shared channel based on π / 2-BPSKDFT extended OFDM, which may be referred to as type 1. The data shared channel may include a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) and an uplink shared channel (UL-SCH). Other shared channels may also be used.

[0075] Figure 3 is a diagram showing two mappings 300, 330 for an example time and frequency structure of Type 1. For example, Figure 3 An example type 1 DMRS mapping 300 for 1 symbol and an example type 1 DMRS mapping 330 for 2 symbols are shown. In this structure, the DMRS for two WTRUs (i.e., the DMRS for WTRU1 and the DMRS for WTRU2) may be interleaved in frequency. Depending on the number of symbols, the same structure may be repeated in time (as shown in the mapping 330 for 2 symbols) to achieve better channel estimation. In one embodiment, the DMRS for WTRU1 and WTRU2 may be orthogonal to each other in frequency as shown, or alternatively or in combination, may be orthogonal to each other in time.

[0076] In the example mapping 300, DMRS 306 and 328 are mapped to symbols 302 in time and subcarriers 304 in frequency. In this example, DMRS 308, 312, 316, 320, 324, and 328 for WTRU1 and DMRS 306, 310, 314, 318, 322, and 326 for WTRU2 alternate on each subcarrier of the third symbol. DMRS 306, 310, 314, 318, 322, and 326 are transmitted by WTRU2. DMRS 308, 312, 316, 320, 324, and 328 are transmitted by WTRU1.

[0077] In the example mapping 330, the DMRS is also mapped to symbols 332 in time and subcarriers 334 in frequency. In this example, the DMRS for WTRU1 and WTRU2 alternate on each subcarrier of the third and fourth symbols. DMRS 336, 338, 344, 346, 352, 354, 360, 362, 368, 370, 376, and 378 are transmitted by WTRU2. DMRS 330, 342, 348, 350, 356, 358, 364, 366, 372, 374, 380, and 382 are transmitted by WTRU1.

[0078] In some implementations, the sequence of the DMRS is determined in the frequency domain using quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) modulation. For example, Table 1 defines a sequence of a DMRS of length 6 (ie, a sequence length of 6), where is the modulation operation of the sequence index u, where φ u (n) is the nth element of the uth sequence.

[0079] Table 1

[0080]

[0081] In one embodiment, the modulation sequences are mapped directly to subcarriers.It should be noted that the PAPR / CM performance of these sequences is not optimized for DFT spread OFDM data channels and may result in a higher PAPR than that of data spread with π / 2-BPSK DFT OFDM.

[0082] Figure 4 It is shown that Figure 3400 for an example transmitter 402 of a DMRS compatible with type 1 mapping. In this example, a sequence may be determined from a set of sequences 402 based on a sequence index u 404, and the selected sequence may be modulated 406 using the modulation type in the modulation block. To implement type 1 mapping, the resulting output is repeated twice and multiplied with w1 408 and w2 410, where w1=w2 for one WTRU and w1=-w2 for the other WTRU. The sequence is then processed by a block in DFT-s-OFDM 412 along with FDSS 414, an IDFT is calculated 416, and the resulting vector may be transmitted.

[0083] In some examples, to achieve good performance in cellular networks, Figure 4 The set of sequences in can result in a signal with low PAPR, low CM, low cross-correlation with other DMRS signals, a large zero autocorrelation zone for estimating the channel, and high frequency flatness for achieving better BLER performance and compatible with spectrum requirements. Several example sequences are provided herein.

[0084] Table 2 shows an example set of sequences that may be defined for length 6, 8-PSK modulation, for DFT-s-OFDM with type 1 mapping.

[0085] Table 2

[0086]

[0087] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using:

[0088]

[0089] Table 3 shows an example set of sequences that may be defined for length 12, where DFT-s-OFDM for type 1 mapping uses π / 2-BPSK modulation.

[0090] Table 3

[0091]

[0092]

[0093] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using the following equation:

[0094]

[0095] Table 4 shows an example set of sequences that may be defined for length 18, where DFT-s-OFDM for type 1 mapping uses π / 2-BPSK modulation.

[0096] Table 4

[0097]

[0098]

[0099] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using the following equation:

[0100]

[0101] Table 5 shows an example set of sequences that may be defined for length 24, where DFT-s-OFDM for type 1 mapping uses π / 2-BPSK modulation.

[0102] Table 5

[0103]

[0104]

[0105] The modulation symbol is generated using the following equation:

[0106]

[0107] In some implementations, for example, to implement pi / 2BPSK with FDSS in a cellular network For good performance of DMRS of DFT-spread OFDM, the sequence set is configured to minimize one or more (or all) of the following metrics: Metric 1 [dB]: PAPR with FDSS; Metric 2 [dB]: CM with FDSS; Metric 3: cyclic autocorrelation in time for all lags (measurement of frequency fluctuation); Metric 4: cyclic autocorrelation in time for {-1, 1} lag (measurement of whether there is a zero autocorrelation zone for channel estimation quality at {-1, 1} lag); Metric 5: cyclic autocorrelation in time for {-2, -1, 1, 2} lag (measurement of whether there is a zero autocorrelation zone for channel estimation quality at {-2, -1, 1, 2} lag); Metric 6: cyclic autocorrelation in time for {-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3} lag (measurement of whether there is a zero autocorrelation zone for channel estimation quality at {-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3} lag); Metric 7: maximum peak cross-correlation with another DMRS signal (measurement of inter-cell interference).

[0108] By considering an example FDSS with a filter of [0.28, 1, 0.28], example distributions of the metrics for the set of sequences given in Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 are shown. Table 6 shows the maximum values ​​of the metrics corresponding to these examples.

[0109] Table 6

[0110]

[0111] In some implementations, the above sequence sets may perform well in terms of PAPR and CM; however, in some implementations, they may not provide good results in terms of frequency flatness, cross-correlation (inter-cell interference) and / or cyclic autocorrelation (channel estimation performance). Therefore, in some embodiments, new sequence sets for different lengths are provided.

[0112] In some implementations, the type 1 mapping may also be from Figure 4 The structure given in may be changed or may differ from it in other ways. For example, the properties of the sequences of different w1 and w2 codebooks may be changed. In some implementations, different orthogonal cover codes (OCCs) may be provided, for example, w1 and w2. In some implementations, w1 and w2 may change each element of the sequence differently.

[0113] Some implementations include sets based on replacement. For example, an existing sequence can be changed by replacing N sequences in an existing set (e.g., the sets described above with respect to Tables 2, 3, 4, and 5). For example, for length 6, the sequences given in Table 11 can be used to make N = {3, 4, .. 13, 16} replacements in Table 2, for example, to improve the performance of DMRS for π / 2-BPDFT-s-OFDM with type 1 mapping. Table 7 shows an example performance improvement for a given N in this case. For length 12, the sequences given in Table 12 can be used to make N = {3, 4, .. 13, 14} replacements in Table 3, for example, to improve the performance of DMRS for π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM with type 1 mapping. Table 8 shows an example performance improvement for a given N in this case. For length 18, N={3, 4, .. 13, 18} replacements may be made in Table 4 with the sequences given in Table 13, for example, to improve the performance of DMRS for π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM with type 1 mapping. Table 9 shows an example performance improvement for a given N in this case. For length 18, N={3, 4, .. 13, 18} replacements may be made in Table 5 with the sequences given in Table 14, for example, to improve the performance of DMRS for π / 2-BPSK DFT-s-OFDM with type 1 mapping. Table 10 shows an example performance improvement for a given N in this case.

[0114] In some implementations, the index of the final sequence in the set can be reordered, for example, using a row-wise reordering. In some implementations, the order of the elements of the sequence can be reversed. In some implementations, the modulated sequence can be reversed and / or conjugated. In some implementations, these operations do not change the properties of the set of sequences.

[0115] Table 7

[0116] Performance of replacement-based sets of length 6

[0117]

[0118] Table 8

[0119] Performance of replacement-based sets of length 12

[0120]

[0121] Table 9

[0122] Performance of replacement-based sets of length 18

[0123]

[0124] Table 10

[0125] Performance of replacement-based sets of length 24

[0126]

[0127] Table 11 shows the new sequence based on the replacement set of length 6 (modulation: 8-PSK).

[0128] Table 11

[0129]

[0130]

[0131]

[0132]

[0133]

[0134] In some implementations, for example, if the sequence length is 6, at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 11a may be used as the value of the phase parameter φ(n):

[0135] Table 11a

[0136]

[0137] Hereafter, the reversed form of a sequence of length N can be considered to be the same sequence. For example, the sequence φ(0), ..., φ(N-1) and its reversed version φ(N-1), ..., φ(0) can be considered to be the same sequence.

[0138] Table 12 shows new sequences based on substitution sets of length 12 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK).

[0139] Table 12

[0140]

[0141]

[0142]

[0143]

[0144]

[0145]

[0146]

[0147] In some implementations, for example, if the sequence length is 12, at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 12a may be used as the phase parameter φ u The value of (n):

[0148] Table 12a

[0149]

[0150] Table 13 shows new sequences based on substitution sets of length 18 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK).

[0151] Table 13

[0152]

[0153]

[0154]

[0155]

[0156]

[0157]

[0158]

[0159]

[0160] In some implementations, for example, if the sequence length is 18, at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 13a may be used as the phase parameter φ u The value of (n):

[0161] Table 13a

[0162]

[0163] Table 14 shows new sequences based on substitution sets of length 24 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK).

[0164] Table 14

[0165]

[0166]

[0167]

[0168]

[0169]

[0170]

[0171]

[0172]

[0173]

[0174]

[0175]

[0176] In some implementations, for example, if the sequence length is 24, at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 14a may be used as the phase parameter φ u The value of (n):

[0177] Table 14a

[0178]

[0179] Some implementations include new sequence sets. Table 16, Table 17, Table 18, Table 19, Table 20, Table 21, Table 22, Table 23, and Table 24 can be used as DMRS sequences for QPSK of length 6, 8-PSK of length 6, 12-PSK of length 6, pi / 2-BPSK of length 12, pi / 2-BPSK of length 18, and pi / 2-BPSK of length 24, respectively.

[0180] In some examples, at least one of the values ​​provided in the following table may be used as the phase parameter In some examples, a phase modulated or rotated version of the corresponding sequence in frequency may be used. The sequence set may be used for type 1 mapping together with an OCC or frequency shift based user multiplexing method, for example, Figure 4 and Figure 5 As given in .

[0181] Table 15 shows example performance of an example new set of sequences.

[0182] Table 15

[0183]

[0184] In some implementations, the index of the final sequence in the set can be reordered, for example, based on a reordering by row. In some embodiments, the order of the elements of the sequence can be reversed. In some embodiments, the modulated sequence can be reversed and / or conjugated. In some implementations, these operations do not change the properties of the sequence set.

[0185] In some examples, for a sequence length of 6 with π / 2-BPSK modulation, for which autocorrelation is prioritized (e.g., where the sequence has very good autocorrelation; is above a threshold cross-correlation and has acceptable cross-correlation properties; and / or is above a threshold cross-correlation), at least one of the values ​​provided in the following table is used as the phase parameter Values:

[0186] Table 16

[0187]

[0188]

[0189] The modulation symbols are generated using:

[0190]

[0191] In some examples, if the sequence length is 6 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK - cross-correlation priority - i.e., cross-correlation is prioritized; e.g., where the sequence has very good cross-correlation (e.g., above a threshold cross-correlation) and has acceptable autocorrelation properties (e.g., above a threshold autocorrelation)), at least one of the values ​​provided in the following table is used as the phase parameter Value: Table 17

[0192]

[0193]

[0194] The modulation symbols are generated using:

[0195]

[0196] In some examples, for a sequence length of 6 using QPSK modulation, where autocorrelation is prioritized (e.g., where the sequence has very good autocorrelation above a threshold cross-correlation and has acceptable cross-correlation properties (e.g., above a threshold cross-correlation)), at least one of the values ​​provided in the following table is used as the phase parameter Values:

[0197] Table 18

[0198]

[0199]

[0200] The modulation symbols are generated using:

[0201] s u (n) = e jφ(n)π / 4

[0202] In some examples, for a sequence length of 6 with QPSK modulation (where cross-correlation is prioritized; e.g., where the sequence has very good cross-correlation above a threshold cross-correlation and has acceptable autocorrelation properties (e.g., above a threshold autocorrelation)), at least one of the values ​​provided in the following table is used as the phase parameter Values:

[0203] Table 19

[0204]

[0205]

[0206] The modulation symbols are generated using:

[0207] s u(n) = e jφ(n)π / 4

[0208] In some examples, for a sequence length of 6 (modulation: 8-PSK), at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 20 is used as the value of the phase parameter φ(n): Table 20

[0209]

[0210]

[0211] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using:

[0212] s u (n) = e jφ(n)π / 8

[0213] In some examples, for a sequence length of 6 (modulation: 12-PSK), at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 21 is used as the phase parameter φ u (n) value: Table 21

[0214]

[0215]

[0216] In some examples, if the sequence length is 12 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK), at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 22 is used as the phase parameter φ u (n) value: Table 22

[0217]

[0218]

[0219] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using the following equation:

[0220]

[0221] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 9, 10, 19, and 11 in Table 22 may be specifically used as DMRS and combined with other sequences.

[0222] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 9, 10, 19, 11, 27, 28, 4, 5 in Table 22 may be specifically used as DMRS and may be combined with other sequences.

[0223] In some examples, if the sequence length is 18 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK), at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 23 is used as the phase parameter φ u (n) value: Table 23

[0224]

[0225]

[0226] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using the following equation:

[0227]

[0228] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 18, 22, 3, 8, 14, 2, 7, and 29 in Table 23 may be specifically used as DMRS and combined with other sequences.

[0229] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 18, 22, 3, and 8 in Table 23 may be specifically used as DMRS and combined with other sequences.

[0230] In some examples, if the sequence length is 24 (modulation: π / 2-BPSK), at least one of the values ​​provided in Table 24 is used as the phase parameter φ u (n) value: Table 24

[0231]

[0232]

[0233] In this example, the modulation symbols are generated using the following equation:

[0234]

[0235] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 29, 6, 27, 28, 23, 11, 22, and 12 in Table 24 may be specifically used as DMRS and may be combined with other sequences.

[0236] In some examples, one or more sequences from the set of sequences including sequence indices 29, 6, 27, and 28 in Table 24 may be specifically used as DMRS and combined with other sequences.

[0237] Some implementations include user reuse.

[0238] Figure 55 is a block diagram illustrating an example of user multiplexing, including an example transmitter 500 for generating a DMRS signal without losing properties of a set of sequences. In this example, in a first block, a sequence may be determined from a set of sequences 502 based on a sequence index u 504. In a second block, the selected sequence may be modulated 506 using a modulation type (e.g., π / 2-BPSK). The resulting output may be repeated 508, 510 twice. Thereafter, the repeated sequence may be precoded by a DFT precoder 512 in a third block, and the output of the DFT may be shifted 514 by a WTRU index 516, an OCC index, or other index in a fourth block to enable type 1 mapping. The sequence is then processed using an FDSS 518 in a fifth block. In a sixth block, an IDFT is calculated 520, and the resulting vector may be transmitted. In some embodiments, the method does not change the properties of the set of sequences; for example, cross-correlation properties, PAPR, CM, and / or autocorrelation properties. In some examples, the sequence may be cyclically shifted prior to the DFT operation to enable multiple orthogonal DMRS ports. In some examples, a phase rotation or modulation operation, i.e., Where n, k∈{0, 1, ..., M-1}, s can be a repeated sequence or a repeated sequence before an IDFT operation. In some examples, the same operation can be used to shift the sequence in frequency.

[0239] Although the features and elements are described above in specific combinations, one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that each feature or element may be used alone or in any combination with other features and elements. In addition, the methods described herein may be implemented in a computer program, software, or firmware that is incorporated into a computer-readable medium for execution by a computer or processor. Examples of computer-readable media include electronic signals (transmitted via a wired or wireless connection) and computer-readable storage media. Examples of computer-readable storage media include, but are not limited to, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), registers, buffer memory, semiconductor storage devices, magnetic media (e.g., internal hard disks and removable disks), magneto-optical media, and optical media (e.g., CD-ROM discs and digital versatile discs (DVDs)). A processor associated with the software may be used to implement a radio frequency transceiver used in a WTRU, UE, terminal, base station, RNC, or any computer host.

Claims

1. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU being configured to: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 01 11; and A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

2. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 01 1 0.

3. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01 1 1.

4. The WTRU of claim 1 , wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 01 1 1.

5. The WTRU of claim 1, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

6. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU being configured to: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1, 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1; and A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

7. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 1 1 0 0 10 0 1.

8. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01 1 1 1 1 00 0 1.

9. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 0 11 1 1.

10. The WTRU of claim 6, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

11. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU being configured to: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 10 01 0 0 1, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 01 00 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 and 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0; and A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

12. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 1 1 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.

13. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 1 1 00 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1.

14. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1.

15. The WTRU of claim 11 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.

16. The WTRU of claim 11, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

17. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU comprising: a processor configured to determine a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1, and 0 00 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1; as well as The transmitter is configured to transmit a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) derived from the determined sequence.

18. The WTRU of claim 17, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 1 0.

19. The WTRU of claim 17, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 00 1 1 1.

20. The WTRU of claim 17 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 11 0 1 1 1.

21. The WTRU of claim 17, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

22. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU comprising: a processor configured to determine a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 1 10 0 1 0 0 1, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 011 1 1; as well as The transmitter is configured to transmit a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) derived from the determined sequence.

23. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 1 1 0 01 0 0 1.

24. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 0 1 1 1 1 10 0 0 1.

25. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 11 0 1 1 1 01 1 1 1.

26. The WTRU of claim 22, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

27. A wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the WTRU comprising: a processor configured to determine a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 11 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1, 0 000 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 11 0 0 01 1 0; as well as The transmitter is configured to transmit a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) derived from the determined sequence.

28. The WTRU of claim 27 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 1 1 1 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.

29. The WTRU of claim 27 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 1 0 1 1 00 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1.

30. The WTRU of claim 27 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1.

31. The WTRU of claim 27 wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 01 0 0 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.

32. The WTRU of claim 27, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

33. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the method comprising: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0, 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 01 11; as well as A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

34. The method of claim 33, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 11 0.

35. The method of claim 33, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 11 1.

36. The method of claim 33, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 01 1 1.

37. The method of claim 33, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

38. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the method comprising: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1, 00 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1, and 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1; as well as A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

39. The method of claim 38, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 11 1 0 01 0 0 1.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 01 1 1 1 10 0 0 1.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 01 1 1 01 1 1 1.

42. The method of claim 38, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

43. A method performed by a wireless transmit / receive unit WTRU, the method comprising: determining a sequence from a set of sequences consisting of: 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 10 01 0 0 1, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1, 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 01 00 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 and 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0; as well as A demodulation reference signal DMRS derived from the determined sequence is transmitted.

44. The method of claim 43, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 01 1 1 11 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1.

45. The method of claim 43, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 10 1 1 00 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1.

46. ​​The method of claim 43, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1.

47. The method of claim 43, wherein the determined sequence is 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 00 1 0 01 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0.

48. The method of claim 43, wherein the DMRS is a reference signal corresponding to an uplink shared channel.

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