Method for improving saline land rice production

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving rice production in a salinized land, which takes a sediment resource as a soil conditioner to relieve the influence of salt stress on the growth and development of rice. The method effectively improves the use efficiency of bottom mud resources, optimizes the application of nitrogen fertilizers, increases the yield of saline-alkali soil rice, promotes sustainable development of saline-alkali soil and ensures national food safety, and has important values, and a new effective method is provided for fully utilizing the bottom mud resources and cultivating the saline-alkali soil rice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of crop planting, and in particular to a method for improving rice production in saline land. Background Art

[0002] Rice is the main food crop on which people worldwide depend for survival. Salt stress can hinder the growth and development of rice, extend the reproductive period, disrupt the metabolic processes related to carbon and nitrogen, and ultimately lead to reduced rice production or potential crop failure. Therefore, salt stress has become an important obstacle to rice production.

[0003] Sediment resources are rich in organic matter, abundant fast-acting nutrients and trace elements, and are therefore excellent soil conditioners. However, there has been little research on the use of sediment in improving saline-alkali land. Summary of the invention

[0004] The main purpose of the invention is to provide a method for improving rice production in saline land.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: A method for improving rice production in saline land comprises the following steps: Step 1: Selection of sediment resources: According to the types of sediment resources in Hainan, pond sediment and river sediment were selected as research materials; Step 2: Rice variety selection: Select rice varieties based on their salt tolerance; Step 3: Transplant the seedlings in time: Select healthy and full rice seeds for sowing on January 13, and select rice seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart of the same size for transplanting on February 5; Prepare the bottom mud and paddy field soil in a certain proportion, mix them evenly to obtain mixed soil, divide the prepared soil into 15-18 pots, set 5-7 transplanting holes in each pot, and transplant the selected rice seedlings into the prepared transplanting holes; Step 4: Simulate mild salt stress: 10 days after the rice seedlings enter the greening stage, irrigate with 0.2-0.4% saline; after salt stress, the daily fluctuation of salt concentration does not exceed 0.05%, and the salt concentration in each pot is measured every other day; During the rice planting process, reasonable fertilization will be carried out. The nitrogen fertilizer is pure nitrogen, and the total nitrogen application amount for each pot of soil is 16g, which is applied in three times. The mass ratio of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer is 1:1:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is pure phosphorus, and superphosphate is applied once. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for each pot of soil is 3.5g, which is applied once as base fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is pure potassium, and the potassium application amount is 8.9g, which is applied in two times. The mass ratio of base fertilizer to ear fertilizer is 1:1.

[0006] Furthermore, the salt-tolerant varieties are Chaoyou 1000 and Longliangyou 506, which are the main cultivated varieties in Hainan.

[0007] Furthermore, the salt water is a mixture of sea water and fresh water.

[0008] Furthermore, the mass ratio of bottom mud and paddy soil in the mixed soil is 1:5, and the mass of the mixed soil in each pot is 80 kg.

[0009] Furthermore, the salt water concentration is measured by a portable conductivity meter.

[0010] Furthermore, in step 4, after simulating mild salt stress, if extreme weather causes salinity fluctuations, the water in the basin is emptied and re-irrigated with 0.3% concentration of salt water.

[0011] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. When the bottom mud is used for saline-alkali land improvement, the present invention realizes the effective utilization of waste resources. Compared with the treatment methods such as landfilling the bottom mud, it avoids occupying a large amount of land resources for landfilling and reduces the pressure on the demand for new land space. At the same time, through the rational use of the bottom mud, the potential environmental pollution risks caused by landfilling, such as groundwater pollution, are reduced. Other treatment methods such as incineration are not only costly, but also cause air pollution and cannot achieve the recycling of resources.

[0012] 2. Bottom mud is rich in organic matter and nutrients. When applied to saline-alkali land, it can significantly improve the soil structure. The humus in the bottom mud can increase the soil aggregate structure, improve the soil permeability and water retention, and is beneficial to the growth and development of plant roots. In contrast, if the bottom mud is simply piled up or improperly treated, it will not be able to play its role in improving the soil, and may even cause secondary pollution due to improper stacking.

[0013] 3. The sediment used for saline-alkali land improvement can provide a good living environment for soil microorganisms and promote the reproduction and activity of microorganisms. These microorganisms play important ecological functions in the soil, such as decomposing organic matter and promoting nutrient circulation, which helps to establish a healthier soil ecosystem and enhance the stability of the ecosystem. Other treatment methods often find it difficult to achieve a positive role in promoting the ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 Schematic flow chart of a method for improving rice production in saline land; Figure 2 Effects of different sediment resources on plant height at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B) and heading stage (C) under salt stress conditions; Figure 3The effects of different sediment resources on tillering number at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B) and heading stage (C) under salt stress. Figure 4 Effects of different sediment resources on aboveground dry matter at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B), heading stage (C) and maturity stage (D) under salt stress conditions; Figure 5 The effects of different sediment resources on the root system at the heading stage under salt stress conditions; Figure 6 Effects of different sediment resources on GS activity at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B) and heading stage (C) under salt stress. Figure 7 Effects of different sediment resources on NR activity at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B) and heading stage (C) under salt stress. Figure 8 Effects of different sediment resources on GOGAT activity at tillering stage (A), booting stage (B) and heading stage (C) under salt stress. Fig. 9 Effects of different sediment resources on leaf sodium concentration at the heading stage (A) and maturity stage (B) under salt stress conditions; Fig.10 Effects of different sediment resources on leaf potassium concentration at heading stage (A) and maturity stage (B) under salt stress conditions; Fig.11 K of leaves at the heading stage (A) and maturity stage (B) under different sediment resources under salt stress + / Na + The impact of the ratio. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that the advantages and features of the present invention can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby making a clearer and more definite definition of the protection scope of the present invention.

[0016] The selection of sludge is shown in Table 1.

[0017] Table 1 Example 1

[0018] Pond sediment was selected as the research object, and the salt-tolerant rice variety Chaoyou 1000 (CY1000) and the common rice variety Longliangyou 506 (LLY506) were selected as test materials.

[0019] The experiment was carried out at the Hainan Ledong Experimental Station (108.90'E, 18.44'N), the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center. Healthy and plump rice seeds were selected for sowing on January 13.

[0020] A potted plant experiment method was used. Seedlings of the same size were selected for transplanting on February 5. The 4-leaf, 1-heart rice seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (80×40×50 cm). The mixed soil in each pot was prepared according to the mass ratio of pond mud and paddy field soil of 1:5. The mixed soil was obtained after mixing evenly. 16 pots were planted for each variety, with 6 holes in each pot. The mass of the soil in each pot was 80 kg.

[0021] Ten days after the greening stage, brine was prepared with seawater and fresh water, and 0.3% brine was used for irrigation to simulate mild salt stress. A portable conductivity meter (2266FS, Spectrum, USA) was used to measure the brine concentration. After salt stress treatment, the brine concentration of each bucket of potted plants was measured every other day using a portable conductivity meter to ensure that the daily fluctuation of salt concentration did not exceed 0.05%. In the event of salinity fluctuations caused by extreme weather, the water in the pots was emptied and re-irrigated with 0.3% brine.

[0022] During the rice planting process, reasonable fertilization will be carried out. The nitrogen fertilizer is pure nitrogen, and the total nitrogen application amount for each pot of mixed soil is 16 g, which is applied in three times, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is pure phosphorus, and superphosphate is applied once. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for each pot of soil is 3.5 g, which is applied once as base fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is pure potassium, and the potassium application amount is 8.9 g, which is applied in two times, and the base fertilizer and ear fertilizer are applied in a 1:1 ratio.

[0023] Example 2 River sediment and paddy field soil were selected as research objects, and the salt-tolerant rice variety Chaoyou 1000 (CY1000) and the common rice variety Longliangyou 506 (LLY506) were selected as test materials.

[0024] The experiment was carried out at the Hainan Ledong Experimental Station (108.90'E, 18.44'N), the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center. Healthy and plump rice seeds were selected for sowing on January 13.

[0025] A potted plant experiment method was used. Seedlings of the same size were selected for transplanting on February 5. The 4-leaf, 1-heart rice seedlings were transplanted into plastic pots (80×40×50 cm). The mixed soil in each pot was prepared according to the mass ratio of riverbed mud and paddy field soil of 1:5. The mixed soil was obtained after mixing evenly. 16 pots were used to plant each variety, with 6 holes in each pot. The mass of the mixed soil in each pot was 80 kg.

[0026] Ten days after the greening stage, brine was prepared with seawater and fresh water, and 0.3% brine was used for irrigation to simulate mild salt stress. A portable conductivity meter (2266FS, Spectrum, USA) was used to measure the brine concentration. After salt stress treatment, the brine concentration of each bucket of potted plants was measured every other day using a portable conductivity meter to ensure that the daily fluctuation of salt concentration did not exceed 0.05%. In the event of salinity fluctuations caused by extreme weather, the water in the pots was emptied and re-irrigated with 0.3% brine.

[0027] During the rice planting process, reasonable fertilization will be carried out. The nitrogen fertilizer is pure nitrogen, and the total nitrogen application amount for each pot of mixed soil is 16 g, which is applied in three times, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is pure phosphorus, and superphosphate is applied once. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for each pot of soil is 3.5 g, which is applied once as base fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is pure potassium, and the potassium application amount is 8.9 g, which is applied in two times, and the base fertilizer and ear fertilizer are applied in a 1:1 ratio.

[0028] Comparative Example Paddy field soil was selected as the research object, and the salt-tolerant rice variety Chaoyou 1000 (CY1000) and the common rice variety Longliangyou 506 (LLY506) were selected as experimental materials.

[0029] The experiment was carried out at the Hainan Ledong Experimental Station (108.90'E, 18.44'N), the National Salt-Alkali Tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center. Healthy and plump rice seeds were selected for sowing on January 13.

[0030] A pot experiment method was used. On February 5, seedlings of the same size were selected for transplanting. Rice seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart were transplanted into plastic pots (80×40×50 cm). Each pot contained 80 kg of paddy field soil. 16 pots were planted for each variety, with 6 holes in each pot.

[0031] Ten days after the greening stage, brine was prepared with seawater and fresh water, and 0.3% brine was used for irrigation to simulate mild salt stress. A portable conductivity meter (2266FS, Spectrum, USA) was used to measure the brine concentration. After salt stress treatment, the brine concentration of each bucket of potted plants was measured every other day using a portable conductivity meter to ensure that the daily fluctuation of salt concentration did not exceed 0.05%. In the event of salinity fluctuations caused by extreme weather, the water in the pots was emptied and re-irrigated with 0.3% brine.

[0032] During the rice planting process, reasonable fertilization will be carried out. The nitrogen fertilizer is pure nitrogen, and the total nitrogen application amount for each pot of rice field soil is 16 g, which is applied in three times, base fertilizer: tillering fertilizer: ear fertilizer = 1:1:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is pure phosphorus, and superphosphate is applied once. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for each pot of rice field soil is 3.5 g, which is applied once as base fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is pure potassium, and the potassium application amount is 8.9 g, which is applied in two times, and the base fertilizer and ear fertilizer are applied in a ratio of 1:1.

[0033] Table 2 explores the effects of different sediment resources on nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen utilization under salt stress conditions; Table 3 explores the effects of different sediment types on grain yield and its components under salt stress conditions.

[0034] Table 2

[0035] Table 3

[0036] in conclusion: Compared with the paddy field soil treatment in the control example, the pond sludge of Example 1 and the riverbed sludge of Example 2 significantly increased the rice grain yield, which was mainly due to the significant increase in the number of grains per panicle and the thousand-grain weight; in addition, the pond sludge and riverbed sludge treatment also improved the rice plant height, the number of tillers per square meter, the root morphological characteristics (root length, root surface area and root volume), and increased the aboveground dry matter accumulation and leaf chlorophyll content at the heading stage, and delayed leaf senescence. Compared with paddy field soil, the nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen grain production efficiency, nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen partial productivity of the pond sludge and riverbed sludge treatments were also significantly increased; in addition, the rice treated with pond sludge and riverbed sludge showed good salt tolerance, which was related to the high activities of nitrogen metabolism-related enzymes (nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthetase) in the leaves at various stages, and the K + Content and K + / Na + Therefore, rational use of silt resources can effectively alleviate salt stress and improve fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0037] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by ordinary technicians in this field based on the contents disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope recorded in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for improving rice production in saline land, characterized in that: The following steps are included: Step 1: Selection of sediment resources: According to the types of sediment resources in Hainan, pond sediment and river sediment were selected as research materials; Step 2: Rice variety selection: Select rice varieties based on their salt tolerance; Step 3: Transplant the seedlings in time: Select healthy and full rice seeds for sowing, and select rice seedlings with 4 leaves and 1 heart of the same size for transplanting; Prepare the bottom mud and paddy field soil in a certain proportion, mix them evenly to obtain mixed soil, divide the prepared soil into 15-18 pots, set 5-7 transplanting holes in each pot, and transplant the selected rice seedlings into the prepared transplanting holes; Step 4: Simulate mild salt stress: 10 days after the rice seedlings enter the greening stage, irrigate with 0.2-0.4% saline; after salt stress, the daily fluctuation of salt concentration does not exceed 0.05%, and the salt concentration in each pot is measured every other day; During the rice planting process, reasonable fertilization will be carried out. The nitrogen fertilizer is pure nitrogen, and the total nitrogen application amount for each pot of soil is 16 g, which is applied in three times. The mass ratio of base fertilizer, tillering fertilizer and ear fertilizer is 1:1:1; the phosphorus fertilizer is pure phosphorus, and superphosphate is applied once. The amount of phosphorus fertilizer for each pot of soil is 3.5 g, which is applied once as base fertilizer; the potassium fertilizer is pure potassium, and the potassium application amount is 8.9 g, which is applied in two times. The mass ratio of base fertilizer to ear fertilizer is 1:

1.

2. The method for improving rice production in saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rice varieties are Chaoyou 1000 and Longliangyou 506.

3. The method for improving rice production in saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The salt water is prepared by mixing sea water and fresh water.

4. The method for improving rice production in saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of bottom mud to paddy field soil in the mixed soil is 1:5, and the mass of the mixed soil in each pot is 80 kg.

5. The method for improving rice production in saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The brine concentration is measured using a portable conductivity meter.

6. The method for improving rice production in saline land according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, after simulating mild salt stress, if extreme weather causes salinity fluctuations, the water in the basin is emptied and re-irrigated with 0.3% salt water.

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