High-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of printer nozzles, in particular to a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle which comprises a first feeding device, two second feeding devices, a feeding connecting piece, a water cooling device, a melting stirring device, a feeding guide pipe shell and a plurality of filament guide pipes. In this way, the problems that in the prior art, the material mixing uniformity is poor, when the plastic functional gradient structure is designed and prepared, the composite precision and segregation of plastic directly influence the performance and interface quality of the functional gradient structure, and the existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the content ratio design of different materials; the technical problems that material design is completed before forming, the variable range of materials is small, flexibility is poor, meanwhile, non-uniform plastic mixing directly causes inconsistency between the performance of a functional gradient structure and the design, and interface cracking and forming failure are seriously caused are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of printer nozzles, and in particular to a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle. Background Art

[0002] With the rapid development of the manufacturing industry, the demand for complex functional structural parts is becoming more and more urgent, so higher requirements are put forward for forming processes, material selection, structural design, etc. Common 3D printing consumables include metals, non-metals, etc. Compared with traditional manufacturing, they have many advantages such as personalized manufacturing, customized manufacturing, no need for fixtures and tools, low cost, short cycle, high material utilization rate, and greatly improved material utilization rate. They are developing rapidly around the world and are widely used in aerospace, automobile, electronic appliances, biomedicine and other fields.

[0003] 3D printing of molten deposition engineering plastics or special engineering plastics. In particular, the excellent performance (high strength) and low density (lightweight) of special engineering plastics themselves have gradually become alternative materials for metals in some application fields. However, the performance of pure materials cannot meet the needs of rapidly developing industries, so the concept of composite materials was proposed. The existing method mainly prepares composite raw materials, then draws them, and then performs 3D printing. This method will result in uneven mixing of wires, frequent cycles, inflexible ratio control, and performance enhancement thresholds limited by materials, making it difficult to meet the performance requirements of functional gradient structural parts.

[0004] In response to the above problems, the prior art patent application number 202210228261.3 discloses a color FDM 3D printer based on three primary colors, which enables color and gradient color printing of the FDM 3D printer through the three primary colors.

[0005] However, in the above method, the material mixing uniformity is poor. When designing and preparing the plastic functional gradient structure, the composite accuracy and segregation of the plastic directly affect the performance of the functional gradient structure and the interface quality. The existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the design of the ratio of different material contents. The material design is completed before molding. The material variable range is small and the flexibility is poor. At the same time, the uneven mixing of plastics will directly cause the performance of the functional gradient structure to be inconsistent with the design, seriously leading to interface cracking and forming failure. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle, aiming to solve the problem of poor material mixing uniformity in the prior art. When designing and preparing the plastic functional gradient structure, the composite accuracy and segregation of the plastic directly affect the functional gradient structure performance and interface quality. The existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the design of different material content ratios, and the material design is completed before molding. The material variable range is small and the flexibility is poor. At the same time, the uneven mixing of plastics will directly cause the functional gradient structure performance to be inconsistent with the design, seriously leading to interface cracking and forming failure. Technical problems.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention adopts a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle, including a first feeding device, two second feeding devices, a feeding connector, a water cooling device, a melting stirring device, a feeding duct shell and a plurality of wire ducts, wherein the feeding duct shell is arranged on the printer frame, the feeding connector is connected to the feeding duct shell, the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices are both arranged on the feeding connector, one end of the plurality of wire ducts are respectively connected to the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices, the other end of the plurality of wire ducts is placed in the feeding duct shell, the water cooling device is connected to the feeding duct shell, and the melting stirring device is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water cooling device.

[0008] Wherein, the first feeding device includes a first motor, a first friction wheel, a first fixed wheel, a fixed wheel connecting piece A and a material guiding connecting piece, the material guiding connecting piece is connected to the feeding connecting piece, and the material guiding connecting piece is connected to the corresponding conduit, the first fixed wheel is connected to the material guiding connecting piece through the fixed wheel connecting piece A, the first motor is installed on the material guiding connecting piece, and the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to the first friction wheel.

[0009] Among them, the second feeding device includes a second motor, a second friction wheel, a second fixed wheel and a fixed wheel connecting member B, the second fixed wheel is arranged on the feeding connecting member through the fixed wheel connecting member B, the second motor is installed on the feeding connecting member, and the output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the second friction wheel.

[0010] Among them, the water cooling device includes a water cooling shell, a catheter joint, a water cooling catheter and a water cooler, the water cooling shell is connected to the feed catheter shell, the upper end of the catheter joint is connected to the multiple wire catheters, the lower end of the catheter joint is connected to the water cooling catheter, the water cooler is arranged on the outer wall of the water cooling catheter, and the lower end of the water cooling catheter is connected to the melting stirring device.

[0011] Among them, the melt stirring device includes a heating block, a throat, a metal mesh, an agitator, an insulating gasket, a stirring motor and a nozzle. The heating block is connected to the water-cooling conduit, the throat and the metal mesh are both arranged in the heating block, the stirring motor is arranged on the heating block through the insulating gasket, the output end of the stirring motor is connected to the agitator, the agitator is also arranged in the heating block, and the nozzle is fixedly connected to the heating block.

[0012] The nozzle comprises a main body, an electric wire, a sealing ring, a metal wire, an outer ceramic insulation sleeve, an iron cylinder, an inner ceramic insulation sleeve and a magnetic induction coil. The main body is connected to the heating block. The main body has a first groove and a second groove. The sealing ring is arranged in the second groove. One end of the metal wire enters through the second groove and passes through the sealing ring and is placed in the first groove. The iron cylinder is connected to the main body, the inner ceramic insulation sleeve is connected to the iron cylinder, the outer wall of the inner ceramic insulation sleeve is provided with the magnetic induction coil, and the outer ceramic insulation sleeve is threadedly connected to the inner ceramic insulation sleeve.

[0013] The invention relates to a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle. In specific use, three materials enter the plurality of wire conduits through the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices respectively, and are melted in the melting stirring device after being cooled by the water cooling device. The mixed wires are wrapped with the metal wire and then ejected into the nozzle end. When a single program is completed, the coil is energized to fuse the metal wire to prepare for the next forming until the 4D printing of the functional gradient structure is achieved. During the printing process, if you want to print a specific material, control the feeding speed of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices to be constant. If you want to achieve gradual Variable material printing can change one or more of the feeding speeds of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices to achieve high-precision functional gradient structure printing. In this way, the problem of poor material mixing uniformity in the prior art is solved. When designing and preparing plastic functional gradient structures, the composite accuracy and segregation of plastics directly affect the performance of the functional gradient structure and the interface quality. The existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the design of different material content ratios, and the material design is completed before molding. The material variable range is small and the flexibility is poor. At the same time, uneven plastic mixing will directly cause the performance of the functional gradient structure to be inconsistent with the design, seriously leading to technical problems such as interface cracking and forming failure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the assembly of the high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle on the printer frame of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the heating block of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the intersection of multiple wire conduits of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a cross-sectional view of the water cooling device and the melting stirring device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the nozzle of the present invention.

[0021] 101-feed connector, 102-feed conduit housing, 103-wire conduit, 104-first motor, 105-first friction wheel, 106-first fixed wheel, 107-fixed wheel connector A, 108-feed connector, 109-second motor, 110-second friction wheel, 111-second fixed wheel, 112-fixed wheel connector B, 113-water cooling housing, 114-conduit joint, 115-water cooling conduit, 116-water Cooler, 117-heating block, 118-throat, 119-metal mesh, 120-agitator, 121-insulating gasket, 122-stirring motor, 123-nozzle, 124-main body, 125-electric wire, 126-sealing ring, 127-metal wire, 128-outer ceramic insulation sleeve, 129-iron cylinder, 130-inner ceramic insulation sleeve, 131-magnetic induction coil, 132-first groove, 133-second groove, 134-cooling fan. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0023] See also Figure 1 to Figure 6 The present invention provides a high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle, comprising a first feeding device, two second feeding devices, a feeding connector 101, a water cooling device, a melting stirring device, a feeding conduit shell 102 and a plurality of wire conduits 103, wherein the feeding conduit shell 102 is arranged on a printer frame, the feeding connector 101 is connected to the feeding conduit shell 102, the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices are both arranged on the feeding connector 101, one end of the plurality of wire conduits 103 is respectively connected to the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices, the other end of the plurality of wire conduits 103 is placed in the feeding conduit shell 102, the water cooling device is connected to the feeding conduit shell 102, and the melting stirring device is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water cooling device.

[0025] With respect to this specific embodiment, in specific use, the three materials enter the plurality of wire conduits 103 through the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices respectively, and are cooled by the water cooling device, and then melted in the melting stirring device. The mixed wires are wrapped with the metal wire 127 and then ejected into the nozzle end. When a single program is completed, the coil is energized to fuse the metal wire 127 to prepare for the next forming until the 4D printing forming of the functional gradient structure is achieved. During the printing process, if you want to print a specific material, control the feeding speed of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices to be constant. If you want to print a gradient material, One or more of the feeding speeds of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices can be changed to achieve high-precision functional gradient structure printing, thereby solving the problem of poor material mixing uniformity in the prior art. When designing and preparing plastic functional gradient structures, the composite accuracy and segregation of plastics directly affect the performance of the functional gradient structure and the interface quality. The existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the design of different material content ratios, and the material design is completed before molding. The material variable range is small and the flexibility is poor. At the same time, uneven plastic mixing will directly cause the performance of the functional gradient structure to be inconsistent with the design, seriously leading to technical problems such as interface cracking and molding failure.

[0026] Among them, the first feeding device includes a first motor 104, a first friction wheel 105, a first fixed wheel 106, a fixed wheel connecting piece A107 and a material guiding connecting piece 108, the material guiding connecting piece 108 is connected to the feeding connecting piece 101, and the material guiding connecting piece 108 is connected to the corresponding conduit, the first fixed wheel 106 is connected to the material guiding connecting piece 108 through the fixed wheel connecting piece A107, the first motor 104 is installed on the material guiding connecting piece 108, and the output end of the first motor 104 is fixedly connected to the first friction wheel 105.

[0027] With respect to this specific embodiment, during specific use, the wire material enters through the small hole above the material guide connector 108 and contacts the first friction wheel 105. The surface of the first friction wheel 105 has raised small teeth. When the wire material passes through the gap between the first friction wheel 105 and the first fixed wheel 106, under the extrusion of the first friction wheel 105 and the first fixed wheel 106, the first friction wheel 105 rotates to drive the wire material forward, thereby achieving the purpose of feeding; after the wire material passes through the gap between the first friction wheel 105 and the first fixed wheel 106, it passes through the connecting hole between the material guide connector 108 and the wire conduit 103, enters the interior of the wire conduit 103, and then leads to the water cooling device.

[0028] Secondly, the second feeding device includes a second motor 109, a second friction wheel 110, a second fixed wheel 111 and a fixed wheel connecting member B112. The second fixed wheel 111 is arranged on the feeding connecting member 101 through the fixed wheel connecting member B112. The second motor 109 is installed on the feeding connecting member 101, and the output end of the second motor 109 is fixedly connected to the second friction wheel 110.

[0029] With respect to this specific embodiment, during specific use, the two materials enter the two second feeding devices respectively from the small holes on the left and right sides of the feeding connector 101. The surface of the second friction wheel 110 has raised small teeth. When the wire passes through the gap between the second friction wheel 110 and the second fixed wheel 111, under the extrusion of the second friction wheel 110 and the second fixed wheel 111, the second friction wheel 110 rotates to drive the wire forward, thereby achieving the purpose of feeding. After the wire passes through the gap between the second friction wheel 110 and the second fixed wheel 111, it passes through the connecting hole between the feeding connector 101 and the wire conduit 103, enters the inside of the wire conduit 103 and then leads to the water cooling device.

[0030] At the same time, the water cooling device includes a water cooling shell 113, a catheter joint 114, a water cooling catheter 115 and a water cooler 116. The water cooling shell 113 is connected to the feed catheter shell 102, the upper end of the catheter joint 114 is connected to the multiple wire catheters 103, the lower end of the catheter joint 114 is connected to the water cooling catheter 115, the water cooler 116 is arranged on the outer wall of the water cooling catheter 115, and the lower end of the water cooling catheter 115 is connected to the melting stirring device.

[0031] According to this specific embodiment, a water inlet is arranged on the upper edge of the water cooler, and a water outlet is arranged on the lower edge. Water flows in from the upper end and out from the lower end, and the formed cold flow forms convection with the hot flow of the wire to achieve the purpose of cooling; the interior of the water cooler is mainly composed of a layered structure of several heat sinks with holes on one side, and each two adjacent layers of heat sinks are placed in a mirror image along the central axis so that the holes on the two layers of heat sinks are farthest apart to achieve the purpose of sufficient water cooling; the water cooler is provided with an inlet in the center of the top, corresponding to the lower end of the conduit joint 114, and an outlet is provided in the center of the bottom, and the water-cooling conduit 115 leads from the inlet to the outlet; after the wire passes through the water-cooling conduit 115 in the water cooler, it enters the heating and melting device.

[0032] In addition, the melt stirring device includes a heating block 117, a throat 118, a metal mesh 119, an agitator 120, a heat insulating gasket 121, a stirring motor 122 and a nozzle 123, the heating block 117 is connected to the water cooling pipe 115, the throat 118 and the metal mesh 119 are both arranged in the heating block 117, the stirring motor 122 is arranged on the heating block 117 through the heat insulating gasket 121, the output end of the stirring motor 122 is connected to the agitator 120, the agitator 120 is also arranged in the heating block 117, and the nozzle 123 is fixedly connected to the heating block 117; The nozzle 123 includes a main body 124, an electric wire 125, a sealing ring 126, a metal wire 127, an outer ceramic insulation sleeve 128, an iron cylinder 129, an inner ceramic insulation sleeve 130 and a magnetic induction coil 131. The main body 124 is connected to the heating block 117. The main body 124 has a first groove 132 and a second groove 133. The sealing ring 126 is arranged in the second groove 133. One end of the metal wire 127 enters through the second groove 133 and passes through the sealing ring 126 and is placed in the first groove 132. The iron cylinder 129 is connected to the main body 124. The inner ceramic insulation sleeve 130 is connected to the iron cylinder 129. The outer wall of the inner ceramic insulation sleeve 130 is provided with the magnetic induction coil 131. The outer ceramic insulation sleeve 128 is threadedly connected to the inner ceramic insulation sleeve 130.

[0033] According to the present specific embodiment, after the wire material enters the throat 118 and is initially melted, it penetrates into the inverted cone-shaped stirring chamber in the heating block 117 through the pores of the metal mesh 119. After entering the inverted cone-shaped stirring chamber, the stirring motor 122 drives the stirrer 120 to fully stir the wire material, so as to achieve the effect of first chopping and then stirring. The front end face of the stirring motor 122 is fixedly connected to the right end face of the heating block 117, and the two contact surfaces are separated by the heat insulating gasket 121. The lower end of the heating block 117 is fixedly connected to the nozzle 123, and the magnetic induction coil 131 is powered on and off through the electric wire 125 to realize the heating function. In the FDM When the track molten deposition is finished, the magnetic induction coil 131 is energized through the electric wire 125 to generate high temperature to melt the metal wire 127; the metal wire 127 is fed by an external wire feeder, and is ejected from the end of the first groove 132 under the bonding effect of the plastic material inside the nozzle 123, and the sealing ring 126 is provided with a small hole for the metal wire 127 to pass through, so as to ensure that the molten plastic material is ejected from the bottom of the nozzle 123, and the evenly mixed molten wire material is passed from the heating block 117 to the first groove 132 inside the nozzle 123, driving the metal wire 127 to be ejected from the end of the first groove 132 to achieve printing.

[0034] Again, the high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle also includes a cooling fan 134, and the cooling fan 134 is arranged on the water-cooling shell 113.

[0035] According to this specific embodiment, by providing the heat dissipation fan 134, the cooling effect on the wire material can be improved.

[0036] A high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle of the present embodiment is used. When it is used specifically, the three materials enter the multiple wire conduits 103 through the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices respectively, and are cooled by the water cooling device, and then melted in the melting stirring device. The mixed wire wraps the metal wire 127 and then enters the end of the nozzle for spraying. When a single program is completed, the coil is energized to fuse the metal wire 127 to prepare for the next forming until the 4D printing of the functional gradient structure is achieved. During the printing process, if you want to achieve the printing of a specific material, control the feeding speed of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices to be constant. If you want to achieve gradient material printing, you can change one or more of the feeding speeds of the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices to achieve high-precision functional gradient structure printing. In this way, the problem of poor material mixing uniformity in the prior art is solved. When designing and preparing plastic functional gradient structures, the composite accuracy and segregation of plastics directly affect the performance of the functional gradient structure and the interface quality. The existing plastic functional gradient structure design mainly stays on the design of different material content ratios, and the material design is completed before molding. The material variable range is small and the flexibility is poor. At the same time, uneven plastic mixing will directly cause the performance of the functional gradient structure to be inconsistent with the design, seriously leading to technical problems such as interface cracking and forming failure.

[0037] What is disclosed above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it certainly cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand that all or part of the processes of the above embodiment and equivalent changes made according to the claims of the present invention still fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle, characterized in that: It includes a first feeding device, two second feeding devices, a feeding connector, a water cooling device, a melting stirring device, a feeding duct shell and a plurality of wire ducts, wherein the feeding duct shell is arranged on a printer frame, the feeding connector is connected to the feeding duct shell, the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices are arranged on the feeding connector, one end of the plurality of wire ducts are respectively connected to the first feeding device and the two second feeding devices, the other end of the plurality of wire ducts are placed in the feeding duct shell, the water cooling device is connected to the feeding duct shell, and the melting stirring device is fixedly connected to the lower end of the water cooling device.

2. The high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first feeding device includes a first motor, a first friction wheel, a first fixed wheel, a fixed wheel connecting piece A and a material guiding connecting piece, the material guiding connecting piece is connected to the feeding connecting piece, and the material guiding connecting piece is connected to the corresponding conduit, the first fixed wheel is connected to the material guiding connecting piece through the fixed wheel connecting piece A, the first motor is mounted on the material guiding connecting piece, and the output end of the first motor is fixedly connected to the first friction wheel.

3. The high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: The second feeding device includes a second motor, a second friction wheel, a second fixed wheel and a fixed wheel connecting member B. The second fixed wheel is arranged on the feeding connecting member through the fixed wheel connecting member B. The second motor is installed on the feeding connecting member. The output end of the second motor is fixedly connected to the second friction wheel.

4. The high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The water cooling device includes a water cooling shell, a conduit joint, a water cooling conduit and a water cooler. The water cooling shell is connected to the feed conduit shell, the upper end of the conduit joint is connected to the plurality of wire conduits, the lower end of the conduit joint is connected to the water cooling conduit, the water cooler is arranged on the outer wall of the water cooling conduit, and the lower end of the water cooling conduit is connected to the melting stirring device.

5. The high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The melt stirring device includes a heating block, a throat, a metal mesh, an agitator, a thermal insulation gasket, a stirring motor and a nozzle. The heating block is connected to the water-cooling conduit. The throat and the metal mesh are both arranged in the heating block. The stirring motor is arranged on the heating block through the thermal insulation gasket. The output end of the stirring motor is connected to the agitator. The agitator is also arranged in the heating block. The nozzle is fixedly connected to the heating block.

6. The high-precision FDM4D printing metal-plastic functional gradient structure nozzle as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The nozzle includes a main body, an electric wire, a sealing ring, a metal wire, an outer ceramic insulation sleeve, an iron cylinder, an inner ceramic insulation sleeve and a magnetic induction coil. The main body is connected to the heating block. The main body has a first groove and a second groove. The sealing ring is arranged in the second groove. One end of the metal wire enters through the second groove and passes through the sealing ring and is placed in the first groove. The iron cylinder is connected to the main body, the inner ceramic insulation sleeve is connected to the iron cylinder, the outer wall of the inner ceramic insulation sleeve is provided with the magnetic induction coil, and the outer ceramic insulation sleeve is threadedly connected to the inner ceramic insulation sleeve.

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